Myanmar 1 Air Force

Myanmar Air Force / Burmese Air Force Lei

The flag, featuring the Air Force roundel. It is one of the few roundels in the world not based on the national flag; rather it features the Golden Triangle, as a reference to Myanmar's geographical location. Founded 16 January 1947 Country Myanmar (Burma) Branch Air Force Role Air Defence, Counter Size 23,000 Part of Myanmar Armed Forces Nickname Tatmadaw Lei Commanders Minister of Defence General Hla Min

Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Armed Forces General

Commander-in-Chief (Air) Insignia Roundel

Aircraft flown Attack A-5M Bomber A-5M Fighter F-7M Airguard Mil Mi-35 Interceptor Mikoyan MiG-29 Reconnaissance Soko G-4 Super Galeb Trainer PC-7 Transport Y-8D

The Myanmar Air Force (Burmese: တပ်မတော် (လေ), pronounced [taʔmədɔ̀ lè]) is the aerial branch of Myanmar' armed forces, the Tatmadaw. It is mainly used in counter-insurgency campaigns, and, on a smaller, scale, in relief missions, especially after the deadly of May 2008. Myanmar Air Force 2

History

Post Independence era (1948-1990)

The Myanmar Air Force was formed on 16 January 1947, while Myanmar (also known as Burma) was still under British rule. By 1948, the new air force fleet included 40 Airspeed Oxfords, 16 de Havilland Tiger Moths, 4 Austers and 3 Supermarine Spitfires transferred from with a few hundred personnel. The primary mission of Myanmar Air Force since its inception has been to provide transport, logistical, and to in counter-insurgency operations. in its entire history, the air force has never been in air to air battle.[1]

The Mingaladon Air Base HQ, the main air base in the country, was formed on 16 June 1950. No.1 , Equipment Holding Unit and Air High Myanmar Air Force Badge Command - Burma Air Force, and the Flying Training School, were placed under the jurisdiction of the base. A few months later, on 18 December 1950, No. 2 Squadron was formed with nine Dakotas as a transport squadron. In 1953, the Advanced Flying Unit with Mark T55s was formed under the Mingaladon Air Base and by the end of 1953, The Burmese Air Force had 3 main airbases, at Mingaladon, Hmawbi and Meiktila, in central Myanmar.[1]

In 1953, Myanmar Air Force bought 30 from and 20 from and 40 Hunting Provost T-53 and 8 De Havilland Vampire Mark T55 from United Kingdom in 1954. In 1953, the Advanced Flying Unit with De Havilland Vampire Mark T55s was formed under the Mingaladon Air Base and by the end of 1953, The Myanmar Air Force had 3 main airbases, at Mingaladon, Hmawbi and Meiktila, in central Myanmar.[1] In late 1955, the Burmese Air Force formed a Maintenance Air Base in Mingaladon, No. 501 Squadron Group (Hmawbi Airbase) and No. 502 Squadron Group (Mingaladon Air Base). In 1956, Myanmar Air Force bought 10 Cessna 180 air crafts from . The same year, for the first time, introduced 6 Kawasaki Bell 47G to its helicopter fleet. The following year, Myanmar Air Force procured 21 aircraft from United Kingdom, six Beachcraft from United States and nine de Havilland DHC-3 Otter from Canada. In 1958, it procured 7 additional Kawasaki Bell 47G and 12 Vertol H-21 Shawnee from United States.[1] Five years later, No. 503 Squadron Group was formed with No. 51 Squadron (de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otters and Cessna 180s) and No. 53 Squadron (Bell 47Gs, Kaman HH-43 Huskies and Alouettes) in Meiktila.[1] In 1962, a new station in Mingaladon and a mobile radar station in Lwemwe (near Tachileik) were put into operation. By December 1964, the Air Force had 323 officers and 5677 other ranks and it acquired Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star Jet trainers and a new radar station, which could operate within a 120-mile radius, was opened in Namsang. In 1966, the radar arm of the air force underwent a complete overhaul and upgrade, with new radar stations being operated. The Namsang Radar station was upgraded to cover about a 200-mile radius and renamed to No.71 Squadron. In the same year Myanmar Air Force formed the No. 1 Airborne with 26 officers and 750 other ranks.[2] On 1 January 1967, the Myanmar Air Force reorganized its command structure. No. 501 Squadron Group in Hmawbi became No. 501 Air Base HQ; No. 502 Squadron Group in Mingalardon became No. 502 Air Base HQ; and No. 503 Squadron Group in Meiktila became No. 502 Air Base HQ in Meiktila. It also maintained airfield detachments in and to cope with the insurgency of Burmese Communicaty Party in the northeast border region of the country.[1] In 1975 took delivery of 18 Bell 205A and 7 Bell 206B from the United States under International Narcotic Control Program (INCP). In March, 1975, Myanmar Air Force bought 20 SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 trainers from .[1] Myanmar Air Force 3

Between 1976 to 1987, Myanmar Air Force bought 7 Pilatus PC-6 Turbo porter STOL aircraft (2 in 1976, 2 in 1977 and 3 in 1978), 16 Pilatus PC-7 (8 in 1979 and 9 in 1980) and 10 Pilatus PC-9 (in 1987) turboprop trainers from . These aircraft were deployed in Lashio for close air support for counter insurgency operations.[1]

Modernization programme (1990 - present)

In the early 1990s, the Myanmar Air Force upgraded its facilities and introduced two new Air Base headquarters and existing Air Base headquarters were renamed. It also significantly upgraded its radar and electronic warfare facilities. Myanmar Air Force bought more than 100 aircraft from , which included F7 IIK interceptors, FT-7 Trainers, A-5C Ground , FT-6M trainers, K-8 trainers and Y-8 transport aircraft. In December 1990, Myanmar Air Force took the first delivery of 10 F7 IIK interceptors and two FT-7 Trainers followed by another batch of 12 F7 IIK interceptors in May, 1993. Further deliveries of F7 IIK interceptors were made in 1995, 1998 and 1999.

By 2000, Myanmar Air Force has received 62 F7 IIK interceptors from China.[1] Israel was contracted to refurbish and upgrade all operational F-7s and FT-7s: these were to get the Elta EL/M-2032 air-to-air radar, Rafael Mk. III and even laser-designator pods. The same equipment was then installed on the two-seater FT-7 fighter trainers as well. In a related deal, Israel delivered to Myanmar at least

one consignment of laser-guided bombs, but no deliveries of any other Air Force personnel in October 2010 weapons are known. Since the Elbit contract was won in 1997, the air force has acquired at least one more squadron of F-7 and FT-7 aircraft from China, but these were not upgraded.

Between 1992 and 2000, Myanmar Air Force took delivery of 36 A-5C Ground Attack Aircraft from China. In addition, Myanmar Air Force also bought 20 Soko G-4 Super Galeb armed jet trainers from Yugoslavia in 1991. Myanmar Air Force procured a range of from and between 1991 and 1997. It bought 20 PZL-Swidnik Mil Mi-2 and 13 PZL W-3 Sokol helicopters from Poland and 13 Mil Mi-17 from Russia. These helicopters were put into counter insurgency operations against ethnic rebels in Irrawaddy delta. 4 Mil Mi-2, 4 PZL W-3 Sokol and 2 Bell 205 helicopters were grouped as an air detachment stationed in Bogalay for "Operation Monediang" in October 1991. During this operation, Mil Mi-2 were fitted with a wide range of weapons to provide ground attack and air cover for heliborne operations. 4 Mil Mi-2 of the air detachment made a total of 80 sorties over 17 targets with nearly 82 flying hours. 4 PZL W-3 Sokol helicopters, unarmed and used for troop transport carrying 20 airborne commandos, each flew 443 missions with 197 flying hours. Bell 205 carried out , and they flew 263 missions with over 114 flying hours.[1] In 2001, Myanmar Air Force bought 12 Mig-29 (10 MiG-29Bs and two MiG-29UB two seats trainers)[1] from Russia. This was followed by additional order of 20 Mig-29 (10 MiG-29B, 6 MiG-29SE and 4 MiG-29UB )as part of $570 Million defense package in December, 2009. Myanmar Air Force also ordered 10 Mil Mi-35 Hind E gunship helicopters as part of $71 Million defence package signed in December,2009[3] followed by additional order of 50 in December, 2010.[4] Despite these modernization measures, the capability of Myanmar Air Force remained questionable, due to its absent during Battle of Border Post 9631 with Thais and the rescue missions of the cyclone Nargis. Myanmar Air Force 4

Commander in Chiefs and Chief of Air Staffs since 1948 Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Air in chronological order • 1. Saw Shi Sho • 2. Major Tommy Clift • 3. Lieutenant Thura Selwyn James Khin • 4. General Thura Tommy Clift • 5. Thaung Dan • 6. Thura Saw Phyu • 7. Major General Ko Gyi • 8. Lieutenant General Tin Tun • 9. Lieutenant General Thein Win • 10. Lieutenant General Tin Ngwe • 11.Major General Kyaw Than • 12.Major General • 13.Lieutenant General Myat Hein

Organisations Personnel: 23,000 all ranks (including 1 Airborne Battalion with twenty six officers and 750 other personnel of other ranks).[1] • Air Force headquarters, Ministry of Defense (Naypyitaw) • Aircraft Production and Repair Base Headquarters (Mingaladon) • Air Force - Ground Training Base (Meiktila) • Air Force - Fly Training Base (Shante) Myanmar Air Force 5

Air Bases

• Air Base HQ • Hmawbi Air Base HQ (former 501 Air Base) • Mingaladon Air Base HQ (former 502 Air Base) • Magway Air Base HQ (established in 2000) • Air Base HQ (former 503 Air Base) • Myike Air Base HQ • Namsang Air Base HQ • Air Base HQ • Meikhtila (Shante) Air Base HQ - for trainning and operation, another airbase at Meikthila is helicopter training base. • Homemalin Air Base HQ Myanmar Air Force also utilized civilian airfields as front-line air fields in case of foreign invasion.

Air Defence

Bureau of Air Defense

The Air Defence Command was formed during the late 1990s but was not fully operational until late 1999. It was renamed Bureau of Air Defense in the early 2000s. In early 2000, Tatmadaw established Air Bases of Myanmar AF Myanmar Integrated Air Defence System (MIADS) with help from Russia, and China.It is a tri-service bureau with units from all three branches of Myanmar Armed Forces. All Air Defence assets except Anti-Aircraft within Tatmadaw arsenal are integrated into MIADS. AAA guns are mostly unguided and deploy to use in barrage-style firing against attacking aircraft. MIADS is directly answerable to Bureau of Air Defence under Ministry of Defence.[2]

In 2010, Myanmar Air Defense Command has completed installation of optical fiber communication network throughout the country. Those network are to be used for Air defense operations between Central Command HQ from capital & several air bases, early warning radar stations & mobile anti air craft missile & artillery units. After completion of fiber optic project & radar stations, MIADS (Myanmar Integrated Air Defense System) becomes the most advance AD system in the region.

Chief of Staff of Air Defence Years Notes

Lt. General 1997–2004 Later became Prime Minister

Lt. General 2004–2010

Lt. General 2010 - current

Sector Operations Commands Under MIADS, the country was divided into six Air Defense Sectors, each controlled by a Sector Operations Center (SOC) and reporting directly to the National Air Defense Operations Center (ADOC) in . Each SOC transmitted data back to Intercept Operations Centers (IOC), which in turn controlled SAM batteries and fighter/interceptor squadrons at various Air Bases. Each IOC was optimized to direct either SAMs or fighter/ against incoming enemy aircraft or missile. Each IOC was connected to observer and early warning area reporting posts (RP) via military owned underground fibre optic cable network. There were about 100 Myanmar Air Force 6

radar stations located at approximately 40 sites throughout the country. New Air Defence such as 1L117 radars, Galaxy Early Warning Radar and P series radars are installed in all radar stations.[5] Each Sector Operation Center (SOC) is commanded by a Major General and it consists of one air defense from Myanmar Army and one fighter-interceptor wing from Myanmar Air Force. Sometimes Air Defense Frigates from also operates under the direct command of respective SOC. Each Air Defense division is commanded by a Brigadier General and consists of three Air Defense Tactical Operations Command (TOC) and support units. One Medium Range Surface to Air Missile Tactical Operations Command (MRSAM-TOC), with three equipped with Buk M-1 or Kub missile system is deployed in an Area Defense Belt role. One Short Range Air Defense Tactical Operations Command (SHORAD-TOC), with three battalions equipped with Tor M-1 missile system is deployed in a Point Defense role for critical areas such as radar stations, fighter bases and SOC headquarters. One Electronic Reconnaissance Tactical Operations Command (EIR-TOC) with 6 to 8 radar and communication companies for early warnings and interdiction detection. Each fighter-interceptor wing commanded by a Brigadier General and is composed of three Fighter squadrons of either MiG-29 and F-7M Airguard Interceptors (ten air crafts per squadron) and their ground base support units.[5]

Sector Operation Centers Headquarters Notes

Northern SOC Myitkyina

Southern SOC Myeik

Western SOC

Eastern SOC Tachilek

South Eastern SOC Yay

Central SOC Meiktila

Aircraft inventory

Current aircraft

Name Country Type Quantity Armament

Fighter/Interceptor

[6] Chengdu J-7 People's fighter interceptor 25 (As of February 2011) equipped with French R550 Airguard Republic of China Magic air-to-air missiles (F-7IIK)

Mikoyan MiG-29 Russia multirole 32 (10 MiG-29B (Fulcrum-A) and 2 30 mm cannon, R73 WVR fighter-interceptor AAMs, R77 and R 27 BVR MiG-29UB (Two seat trainers) currently in [7] AAMs, S9 and S18 rockets,500 operation., Ordered additional 20 and 250 kg bombs (currently not MiG-29( 10MiG-29B, 6 MiG-29SE and 4 more than 3 airframes have MiG-29UB ) as part of $570 Million [8] complete avionics including defence package in December, 2009 HUD)

[6] Chengdu J-7 People's Two Seats Trainer 6 (As of February 2011) equipped with French R550 Airguard (FT-7) Republic of China Magic air-to-air missiles

Fighter Ground Attack

Shenyang J-6 People's fighter-ground attack 1 internal cannon armament and Republic of China bombs

[6] 30mm cannon, rocket pods and A-5C People's fighter-ground attack 20 (As of February 2011) Republic of China bombs Myanmar Air Force 7

Xian JH-7 People's fighter-ground attack 12 ( delivery to complete in 2012 ) Negotiated with china for Republic of China replacement of Nanchang Q-5 attack aircraft

Soko G-4 Super Yugoslavia tandem-seat low-wing 6 delivered (4 remain operational) guided air-to-air and Galeb advanced jet trainer air-to-surface missiles

[9] Pilatus PC-9 Switzerland single-engine, low-wing 10 Total of six underwing pylons for tandem-seat turboprop gun pods (e.g. FFV Uni 12.7 mm training aircraft pods), rocket pods and bombs

Training Aircraft

Pilatus PC-7 Switzerland light trainer training & 16 unarmed Turbo Trainer maritime surveillance

Britten-Norman United Maritime Surveillance 2 unarmed, supplied by India BN-2 Islander Kingdom

[10] Hongdu K-8 People's advanced jet trainer 62 (12 + 50) unarmed Karakorum Republic of China

Transport

Shaanxi Y-8D2 People's turboprop transport 4 unarmed Cub Republic of China

Fokker F-27 turboprop transport 2 unarmed Friendship

Fairchild Hiller United States twin-engined turboprop 3 unarmed FH-227 passenger/transport aircraft

ATR 72 twin-engined turboprop 2 VIP transportation for domestic passenger/transport flight ( ATR-72 and ATR-42 ) aircraft

Antonov An-148 Russia twin-engined jet 2 VIP transportation for domestic passenger/transport flight aircraft

Cessna 180 United States light utility/liaison 4 unarmed Skywagon aircraft

Cessna 550 United States business jet/liaison 1 unarmed Citation aircraft

Pilatus PC-6A/B Switzerland liaison aircraft 5 unarmed Turbo Porter

[11] Harbin Y-12 China Utility 2 unarmed

Helicopters

Mil Mi-35/Mil Soviet Union 60. 10 ordered as part of $71 Million Gunship - twin-barrel GSh-23L Mi-24V (Hind-E) defence package signed in 23mm nose mounted cannon, 8 [3] December,2009. Another 50 ordered in AT-6 Spiral missile, B-8V20 [4] September 2010 Rocket pods with 20 S-8 rocket S-8 80mm Rockets, S-24 240mm rockets

Mil Mi-17 Soviet Union transport helicopter 11 machine gun/gunship

Bell UH-1 United States training helicopter 10 remain operational machine gun/gunship Iroquois Myanmar Air Force 8

PZL W-3 Sokół Poland multipurpose utility 10 twin 23 mm GSz-23Ł cannon Falcon helicopter and four pylons for weapons / gunship platform

Mil Mi-2 Poland small, lightly armored 19 23 mm NS-23 gun, 7,62 mm transport helicopter machine gun and 2x 57 mm unguided rocket pods Mars-2. Optional 7,62 mm machine gun

HAL Dhruv Pole India utility helicopter 3 anti-armour missiles, four Star air-to-air missiles or four rocket pods for 70 mm and 68 mm rockets

Bell 205 United States multipurpose utility 12 machine gun and rocket JetRanger helicopter launchers?

Bell 206 United States multipurpose utility 6 machine gun and rocket JetRanger helicopter launchers?

Aérospatiale SA France light utility helicopter 8 or 9 two side-mounted machine guns 316B Alouette III

Serials and markings

Myanmar national insignia (white triangle with yellow field in the center and borders in blue) is usually applied on six positions. The serialling system of Myanmar Air Force aircraft is suggested to serve as both – unit and individual aircraft identity, this could not be confirmed so far, however. Most of the older airplanes carried the serials with the prefix “UB” and the numbers in Burmese. Sometimes the serials were outlined in white. Combat aircraft generally carry serials in black. Myanmar Air Force Fokker F27-500 in 2005.

Myanmar Air Force Shaanxi Y8 in 2009. Myanmar Air Force 9

Myanmar Air Force Soko G-4 Super Galeb at SOKO factory in Mostar, SFR Yugoslavia.

Myanmar Air Force Mikoyan MiG-29 at Yangon International Airport, , Myanmar.

Type Serials & Markings

Aérospatiale SA dark green overall, large black serial on the boom: UB6101 (unit unknown) 316B Alouette III

Bell 206 JetRanger camouflage colours unknown, serials reported to be 6201 through 6218 (unit unknown).

Fokker F-27 white overall, double black cheat line along the fuselage, black serial on the forward part of the fin: 5001 (unit unknown). Friendship

Pilatus PC-6A/B dark earth on light earth over, sky under, white serial on the rear fuselage: 50+04 (unit unknown). Turbo Porter

Pilatus PC-7 Turbo dark grey or dark olive green overall, black anti-glare panels in front of the cockpit, ruder checkered in black and yellow, Trainer serials in white, split by the national marking: 23+01 through 23+16 (two of original Swiss civil codes are also known: HB-HQA and HB-HQB), (Flying School).

Pilatus PC-9 same as Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer ; serials unknown (unit unknown).

Soko G-4 Super dark olive drab over, sky under; white serial on the nose: 371, 376 (Fighter Training School/COIN Squadron). Galeb

Chengdu J-7 dark grey and dark green over, light blue underneath, national markings on the top of the fin and on rear fuselage (over the Airguard (F-7IIK) trailing edge); serial in White split by the national marking: 16+22.

A-5 dark green/dark earth/sand over, sky under; black serial on the fin: 1503 (unit unknown, but could be the 1st Wing).

PZL W-3 Sokół black or dark green overall, national marking on the fin, no serials visible. Falcon

Mikoyan MiG-29 "Russian" light blue overall, with "azur" blue and light Blue fields on upper surfaces; national markings on the fin and behind the cockpit; serial in Arabic characters applied in black on the fin, and repeated in Burmese characters of each side of the cockard: 27+09/2709.

Hongdu K-8 white over, red under; wings in white with red wingtips, rudder checkered in yellow and black, black serials on the fin, Karakorum repeated large around the national marking on the rear fuselage: 39+07 (Flying School). Myanmar Air Force 10

References [1] Myoe, Maung Aung: Building the Tatmadaw [2] Defence Services Historical Museum and Research Institute

[3] http:/ / www. mizzima. com/ news/ world/ 3200-russia-burma-sign-arms-deal. html

[4] http:/ / www. irrawaddy. org/ article. php?art_id=19419 [5] Defense Services Museum, Yangon

[6] Adam Baddeley (February 2011). "The AMR Regional Air Force Directory 2011" (http:/ / www. asianmilitaryreview. com/ upload/

201102172337151. pdf). Asian Military Review. . Retrieved 19 July 2011.

[7] Bernama News: From Thai Military Blog (http:/ / www. bloggang. com/ mainblog. php?id=skyman& month=10-10-2006& group=3& blog=1)

[8] http:/ / en. rian. ru/ business/ 20091223/ 157331457. html

[9] http:/ / www. asianmilitaryreview. com/ upload/ 201102172337151. pdf

[10] Burma Buys 50 Fighter Jets From China (http:/ / www. irrawaddy. org/ article. php?art_id=18726) [11] Harbin Y-12#Military operators • World Aircraft Information Files. Brightstar Publishing, London. File 333 Sheet 05 Article Sources and Contributors 11 Article Sources and Contributors

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