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Medicinal Plant Genus Urtica- Traditional Uses Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review Abstract

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Medicinal Plant Genus Urtica- Traditional Uses Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review Abstract International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 557 ISSN 2229-5518 Medicinal plant genus Urtica- Traditional uses phytochemical and pharmacological review Abstract Herb and shrubs of the genus Urtica (Utricaceae) inhabitate various ecosystems in worldwide. This study was carried out in order to contribute to the knowledge of this medicinal species. This review describes the botanical characterization and distribution, and phytochemical properties and biological activities of Urtica genus. Urtica genus contain many chemical constituents like, flavonoids, phenolic compounds like Diocanol, alcohols, Terpenes diols, Diol glucosides, Sugars. Some published studies have shown a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-tumor agent, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral effects. Other have indicated anti-malaria agent, hypoglycemic and act as bioactive agent with antiIJSER-proliferation activities of this species. In vitro studies and in vivo models have provided a simple explanation for bioscientific and its various pharmacological uses. All information about the Urtica genus was collected from electronic search (using Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect.com and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Introduction The genus Urtica belongs to the family Utricaceae. The name Urtica is obtained from Greek word 'Uro' which means burning and Dioica means bipod [1] There is controversial opinion of researchers about number of species belonging to Urtica. Many groups of researchers have reported 30 species [1,2] In Flora of China the Urticaceae as being composed of 47 genera IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 558 ISSN 2229-5518 and 1,300 species worldwide [3] All these species are widely distributed throughout the world. The species of Urtica along with their regions of existence are presented in Table 1 Sr Species of Region of existence in Region of Ref# n Urtica the world existence in o Pakistan 1 Urtica Switzerland, mild regions Kaki, Kabul valley [4,5,6] dioica. of Europe, Asia and Italy and Swat 2 Urtica‘‘ Peru, Australia, Ecuador, Absent in Pak incaica’’ Bolivia, parts of [7,8] Chile, Argentina, coast, the Sierra, and Amazon 3 Urtica‘‘ New Zealand, Asia, Absent in Pak deltoidea’’ California, Sonoran [2] Desert, and region of North America 4 Urtica China, Japan, Korea, KPK [2,4,5,6] atrichocaulis Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan provinces, Himalayas and China's south-west 6 Urtica Ecuador Absent in Pak [4] longispica IJSER 7 Urtica aspera South Island and New Absent in Pak [4] Zealand 8 Urtica Arizona, New Mexico, Absent in Pak gracilenta west Texas, [7,8,9] Northern Mexico, Central America and Iran 9 Urtica Himalaya, KPK [4,7,8] mairei southwestern China, Northeastern India and Myanmar, 10 Urtica Himalaya [lower altitudes] KPK parviflora and India [7,8] IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 559 ISSN 2229-5518 11 Urtica ardens South Island, New Zealand Kabul valley, [4,5,8] and China Swat 12 Urtica Cyprus, Sail Husban, Kabul valley, pilulifera Nauor-Jordan, Italy, Swat [ 7,8,10,11] Sicily, south of France and Southern Europe 13 Urtica fissa China and Asia Absent in Pak [2,8] 14 Urtica North America Absent in Pak [4] dentata 15 Urtica Northeastern Europe, sondenii Absent in Pak [7,8] Northern Asia, Nordic countries and Russia 16 Urtica Taiwan and Indonesia Absent in Pak taiwaniana [ 7,8] 17 Urtica Japan and China Absent in Pak [2] triangularis 18 Urtica Absent in Pak [2] South Island, New australis IJSERZealand, surrounding sub Antarctic islands and Asia 19 Urtica Tibet, Asia, Mongolia, Absent in Pak [7,8,12] laetevirens Japan and Manchuria 20 Urtica Africa Absent in Pak [4] massaica 21 Urtica ferox New Zealand and Australia Absent in Pak [7,8] 22 Urtica Peru, high plateaus of the Kabul valley, hyperborea Black Sea, Swat [7,8] Himalaya from Pakistan to Bhutan and Mongolia and Tibet at high altitudes 23 Urtica Peru Absent in Pak [4] andicola IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 560 ISSN 2229-5518 24 Urtica Peru, Colombo, Ecuador, Absent in Pak [13] flabellata Bolivia and Argentina 25 Urtica Spain [Tenerife] Absent in Pak [4] stachyoides 26 Urtica Peru Absent in Pak [4] lalibertadensi s 27 Urtica Italy and Western Absent in Pak [4,7,8] atrovirens Mediterranean, 28 Urtica Germany, Britain, France, kioviensis. the Netherlands and Absent in Pak [7,8] Eastern Europe 29 Urtica Peru and eastern North leptophylla America from Nova Absent in Pak [7,8] Scotiato Florida 30 Urtica urens Peru, Europe, highland, Kaki, Swat [2,7,8] and Asia, Italy, Aegean and North America IJSER The species of Urtica are medicinally well known throughout the world and locally used against various diseases. The ethnobotanical surveys regarding various species of Urtica reflect that the genus is medicinally very important. The species of Urtica were employed for the treatment of various ailments like allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, cough etc by the local people. The mode of application of Urtica species against various diseases is summarized in Table 2 Table 2. The mode of application reported in various ethnobotanical surveys Sr Species of Local use of Plant Region of Ref# IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 561 ISSN 2229-5518 no Urtica existence in Pakistan 1 Urtica Leaf extract use for Palestinian [14] dioica. skin treatment area 2 Urtica‘‘ Leaf extract use to Peru [15] incaica’’ treat rashes and burns 3 Urtica‘‘ Leaf past use to treat New [16] deltoidea’’ skin Zealand 4 Urtica Its extract and past use China and [17] atrichocauli to treat rheumatoid Yunnan s arthritis. provinces 5 Urtica Its extract and past use to Argentina [18] magellanica treat allergy, arthritis 6 Urtica Its extract use to treat Ecuador [19] longispica cough 7 Urtica Extract use to treat South [20] aspera stomach diseases, Island snake bites and as antipyretic 8 Urtica Leaf paste use to treat Iran [9] gracilentaIJSER burns 10 Urtica Its paste use to treat Himalaya [10] parviflora arthritis [lower altitudes] and India 11 Urtica Whole plant uses to India and [21] ardens treat Exorcism Garhwala Himalaya 12 Urtica Leaf extract use for Palestinian [22] pilulifera diabetes and skin area treatment 13 Urtica fissa Its extract use to treat China and [2] arthritis Asia 14 Urtica Its aqueous extract use North [23] procera against kidney problems America IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 562 ISSN 2229-5518 15 Urtica Paste use to treat skin Nordic [24] sondenii countries, problems 16 Urtica Its extract use against Taiwan [18] taiwaniana hypotensive 17 Urtica Both extract and paste Japan [23] triangularis use to treat arthritis 18 Urtica Extract use to treat South Island [10] australis skin diseases 19 Urtica Its extract use against Tibet [2] laetevirens allergic reaction 20 Urtica Its paste use to treat skin Africa [15] massaica rashes and as anti-malaria 21 Urtica Its extract use to treat New [20] ferox skin problems Zealand 22 Urtica Its extract use against Peru [10] hyperborea skin rashes IJSER 23 Urtica Its extract and paste Peru [24] andicola use to treat arthritis 24 Urtica Both extract and paste Peru [2,25] flabellata use to treat arthritis 25 Urtica Its extract use to treat Spain [2] stachyoides diuretic problems 26 Urtica Its extract use to treat liver Peru [26] lalibertaden diseases sis 27 Urtica Paste use to treat Western [10] atrovirens arthritis Mediterrane IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 563 ISSN 2229-5518 an, 28 Urtica Extract and paste use Eastern [27] kioviensis. to treat arthritis Europe 29 Urtica Extract and paste use Peru [2] leptophylla to treat arthritis 30 Urtica Leaf extract use for Palestinian [22] urens skin treatment area Vitro and in vivo studies were reported in a number of articles for the species of Urtica. In this regard, studies were conducted to check the potential of Urtica species against arthritis, constipation, pulmonary disorders, liver, intestine and kidney diseases,IJSER diabetes, fungal infections, anti-inflammatory, internal injury, wounds etc. The summarized data in this connection is presented in Table 3. Sr Species of Urtica Disease Mode of Ref# no applications 1 Urtica dioica. Arthritis [in vivo], Aqueous [2,10,15,24] constipation [in vivo], extract pulmonary disorders [in vivo], liver [in vivo], intestine and kidney [in vivo], diabetes [in vivo], fungal infections [in vitro], anti- inflammatory [in vitro], internal injury [in vivo] and wounds [in vivo] . 2 Urtica‘‘ Arthritis [in vivo], liver Extract [2,15] incaica’’ [in vivo], intestine [in vivo] and anti- inflammatory [in vitro] 3 Urtica‘‘ Arthritis [in vivo], Leaves paste, [15,19] IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 2, February-2019 564 ISSN 2229-5518 deltoidea’’ antioxidant [in vivo], extract anti-inflammatory [in vitro], anti-ulcer [in vivo], Anticancer [in vivo], antimicrobial [in vitro], cardiovascular [in vivo], and hepatic protective
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