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Experimental Analysis and Modeling Aspects of the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Slurry Bioreactors Douglas Pino Herrera

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Experimental Analysis and Modeling Aspects of the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Slurry Bioreactors Douglas Pino Herrera Experimental analysis and modeling aspects of the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil slurry bioreactors Douglas Pino Herrera To cite this version: Douglas Pino Herrera. Experimental analysis and modeling aspects of the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil slurry bioreactors. Earth Sciences. Université Paris-Est, 2018. English. NNT : 2018PESC2190. tel-03012451 HAL Id: tel-03012451 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03012451 Submitted on 18 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Experimental analysis and modeling aspects of the removal of PAHs in soil slurry bioreactor Douglas Oswaldo Pino Herrera Thesis committee Thesis Promotor Reviewers Prof. Mehmet A. Oturan Prof. Marie-Odile Simonnot Université Paris-Est Université de Lorraine Marne-la-Vallée, France Nancy, France Thesis Co-Promotors Prof. Francesca Beolchini Dr. Hab. Eric D. van Hullebusch, Università Politecnica delle Marche Université Paris-Est Ancona, Italy Marne-la-Vallée, France Examiners Dr. Giovanni Esposito, Prof. Piet Lens University of Cassino and Southern Lazio UNESCO-IHE Delft Cassino, Italy Delft, The Netherlands Thesis Supervisor Dr. Yannick Fayolle Dr. Yoan Pechaud Irstea Université Paris-Est Antony, France Marne-la-Vallée, France Dr. Matthieu Peyre Lavigne INSA Toulouse Toulouse, France This research was conducted under the auspices of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate in Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils, and Sediments (ETeCoS3). This joint PhD degree in Environmental Technology is funded by the Education, Audiovisual & Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) of the European Commission. The research training, academic courses undertaken and traveling expenses for presentation of the research outcome to conferences and seminars are funded by the programme. Joint PhD degree in Environmental Technology Docteur de l’Université Paris-Est Spécialité : Science et Technique de l’Environnement Dottore di Ricerca in Tecnologie Ambientali Degree of Doctor in Environmental Technology Tesi di Dottorato – Thèse – PhD thesis Douglas Oswaldo Pino Herrera Experimental analysis and modeling aspects of the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil slurry bioreactors Defended on October 29th, 2018 In front of the PhD committee Prof. Marie-Odile Simonnot Reviewer Prof. Francesca Beolchini Reviewer Prof. Piet Lens Examiner, Jury President Dr. Yannick Fayolle Examiner Dr. Matthieu Peyre Lavigne Examiner Prof. Mehmet A. Oturan Promotor Prof. Giovanni Esposito Co-Promotor Dr. Yoan Pechaud Supervisor Erasmus Joint doctorate programme in Environmental Technology for Contaminated Solids, Soils and Sediments (ETeCoS3) Abstract Abstract Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils are a great environmental and public health concern nowadays. Aerobic soil-slurry bioreactor technology has emerged as an effective and feasible technique with a high remediation potential, especially for the fine soil fractions, which often contain the highest pollution levels and are hard to treat with conventional approaches. However, the mechanisms involved in the PAH removal in the bioreactor are still not completely understood. In addition to the biological processes, important mass transfer mechanisms need to be considered (gas-liquid oxygen mass transfer, sorption-desorption, volatilization, etc.). For this study, a mechanistic approach was developed, in which the bioslurry process was deconstructed using a model system. Each part was isolated and analyzed individually. Then, the global process was studied and the results of the analysis of the individual parts were used to understand the global bioremediation treatment. Among the results obtained, it was demonstrated that clay presence in soils can strongly affect oxygen transfer in slurry systems, the pollutant bioavailability was limited by the desorption process, particularly when organic matter was present in the soil and volatilization can be the major removal process during the lag phase period in biodegradation. The results of this research work can be extrapolated to the study of real contaminated soil remediation. The mechanistic approach can be used as a generic method to investigate the slurry bioreactor treatment for any type of soil, different pollutants and microbial communities, and other operating conditions. Keywords: Slurry bioreactor, PAHs, Soil remediation, Biological treatment, Mass transfer processes v Abstract Résumé Les sols contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) constituent un problème environnemental et de santé publique majeur. La technologie « bioslurry » aérobie s’est révélée être une méthode efficace avec un fort potentiel de remediation, en particulier pour les fractions de sol fines, qui contiennent souvent les niveaux de pollution les plus élevés et sont difficiles à traiter avec les approches conventionnelles. Cependant, les mécanismes impliqués dans l'élimination des HAP dans le bioréacteur ne sont toujours pas complètement compris. Outre les processus biologiques, d'importants mécanismes de transfert de masse doivent être pris en compte (transfert gaz-liquide d’oxygène, sorption-désorption, volatilisation, etc.). Pour cette étude, une approche mécanistique a été développée, dans laquelle les processus impliqués dans le « bioslurry » ont été isolée et analysée individuellement. Ensuite, le processus global a été étudié et les résultats de l'analyse des différents processus ont été utilisés pour comprendre le traitement de bioremédiation global. Parmi les résultats obtenus, il a été démontré que la présence d'argile dans les sols peut fortement affecter le transfert d'oxygène. Également, la biodisponibilité des polluants a été limitée par le processus de désorption, en particulier lorsque de la matière organique est présente dans le sol. En outre, la volatilisation peut être le principal processus d'élimination au cours de la phase de latence des microorganismes pendant le processus de biodégradation. Les résultats de ces travaux de recherche peuvent être extrapolés à l’étude de l’assainissement des sols contaminés réels. L'approche mécanistique peut être utilisée comme une méthode générique pour étudier le traitement par bioréacteur pour tout type de sol, différents polluants et communautés microbiennes, ainsi que d'autres conditions opératoires. Mots-clés : Réacteur bioslurry, HAP, Dépollution des sols, Traitement biologique, Transfert de masse vi Abstract Sintesi Al giorno d'oggi i terreni inquinati da idrocarburi policiclici aromatici (IPA) rappresentano una grande preoccupazione per l'ambiente e la salute pubblica. La tecnologia “aerobic soil slurry bioreactor” è emersa come una tecnica efficace e attuabile con un alto potenziale per la bonifica, specialmente per le frazioni fini del terreno, che spesso contengono i livelli di inquinamento più elevati e sono difficili da trattare con approcci convenzionali. Tuttavia, i meccanismi coinvolti nella rimozione di IPA nel bioreattore non sono ancora completamente compresi. Oltre ai processi biologici, devono essere considerati importanti meccanismi di trasferimento di massa (trasferimento di massa di ossigeno gas-liquido, adsorbimento, volatilizzazione, ecc.). Per questo studio, è stato sviluppato un approccio meccanicistico, in cui il processo di bioslurry è stato decostruito utilizzando un sistema modello. Ogni parte è stata isolata e analizzata individualmente. Successivamente, è stato studiato il processo globale e sono stati utilizzati i risultati dell'analisi delle singole parti per comprendere il trattamento globale di biorimediazione. Tra i risultati ottenuti, è stato dimostrato che la presenza di argilla nei terreni può influenzare fortemente il trasferimento di ossigeno nei sistemi, la biodisponibilità degli inquinanti è limitata dal processo di desorbimento, in particolare quando la materia organica è presente nel suolo e la volatilizzazione può essere il principale processo di rimozione durante il periodo di fase di ritardo in biodegradazione. I risultati di questo lavoro di ricerca possono essere estrapolati allo studio di una bonifica del suolo inquinato reale. L'approccio meccanicistico può essere utilizzato come metodo generico per indagare il trattamento del bioslurry per qualsiasi tipo di terreno, per diversi inquinanti e comunità microbiche e altre condizioni operative. Parole chiave: Bioslurry, IPA, bonifica del suolo, trattamento biologico, Trasferimento di massa vii Abstract Samenvatting Polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstof (PAK) -verontreinigde bodems zijn tegenwoordig een groot probleem voor de volksgezondheid en de volksgezondheid. Aërobe bodemsuspensie-bioreactor-technologie is naar voren gekomen als een effectieve en haalbare techniek met een hoog saneringspotentieel, vooral voor de fijne bodemfracties, die vaak de hoogste verontreinigingsniveaus bevatten en moeilijk te behandelen zijn met conventionele benaderingen. De mechanismen die betrokken zijn bij de PAK-verwijdering in de bioreactor zijn echter nog steeds niet volledig
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