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Sable Island Sweat Bee,Lasioglossum Sablense

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Sable Island Sweat Bee,Lasioglossum Sablense COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Sable Island Sweat Bee Lasioglossum sablense in Canada THREATENED 2014 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2014. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Sable Island Sweat Bee Lasioglossum sablense in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. ix + 38 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Jason Gibbs for writing the status report on the Sable Island Sweat Bee, Lasioglossum sablense, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Jennifer Heron, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Arthropods Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-938-4125 Fax: 819-938-3984 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur L’halicte de l’île de Sable (Lasioglossum sablense) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Sable Island Sweat Bee — Photograph taken by Jason Gibbs. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2014. Catalogue No. CW69-14/700-2015E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-25382-4 COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – November 2014 Common name Sable Island Sweat Bee Scientific name Lasioglossum sablense Status Threatened Reason for designation This species is globally endemic to Sable Island, Nova Scotia, and occurs as one isolated population with a very small range and no possibility of rescue. The island has only about 13 km2 of vegetated area that provides forage/nesting sites for this bee. Nesting likely occurs near or within this vegetated area and sweat bees are not known to travel large distances (i.e. > 200 m) for forage. Increased frequency and severity of storms, in addition to climate change and related sea level rise, are expected to drive change which will further decrease the quality and quantity of bee habitat on the island. Eco-tourism is also a potential future threat, which may also increase the introduction and spread of invasive species. Habitat on the island is also susceptible to invasive plant species, introduced horses, and seawater flooding. Occurrence Nova Scotia Status history Designated Threatened in November 2014. iii COSEWIC Executive Summary Sable Island Sweat Bee Lasioglossum sablense Wildlife Species Description and Significance The Sable Island Sweat Bee, Lasioglossum sablense Gibbs, is a small (5–6 mm), dull- metallic sweat bee in the family Halictidae. The species is endemic to Canada, occurring solely on Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Both sexes can be distinguished from the three other bee species (two of these sweat bees) on Sable Island by the combination of their small size and the dense lateral punctures on the dorsal part of the thorax. Distribution The global and Canadian distribution of the species is confined to Sable Island, Nova Scotia, which is approximately 34 km2 in area, excluding the intertidal zone. The island is isolated from mainland Nova Scotia by a distance of approximately 150 km. Habitat Sable Island is primarily composed of sand, with low levels of organic material in the sandy soil. Approximately 13 – 15 km2 of the island (39%) has vegetation and is considered potential bee habitat. Vegetated areas are composed of a few distinct plant communities, the largest of which are Marram-Forb grasslands, sparse grass lands and heath. Climatic conditions are cool and foggy with high winds during the summer and relatively warm conditions during the winter. Females dig underground nests. Flowering plants are visited for pollen and nectar resources. Biology The Sable Island Sweat Bee is a ground-nesting species and a generalist floral visitor. Inseminated females overwinter as adults and emerge in spring to form nests. Reproductive males and females are produced in the late summer. Adults fly from at minimum June 1st to September 11th. Related species are known to have social organization in nests, but the social behaviour of the Sable Island Sweat Bee remains unstudied. iv Population Sizes and Trends The population size of Sable Island Sweat Bee is not possible to estimate given the collection data available for the species. Of the four bee species occurring on Sable Island, the Sable Island Sweat Bee is the least commonly collected. Historical records are too sparse to effectively estimate historical trends. Relative proportions of the two sweat bees on the island, L. novascotiae (Mitchell) to the Sable Island Sweat Bee, collected with nets in 1966 –1967, 2008, and 2013 are comparable (3:1, 1:1, 2:1, respectively). Population sizes have likely decreased over historical time due to decreases in the spatial vegetated area on Sable Island. Threats and Limiting Factors Loss of habitat due to the inundation of vegetation by sand or submersion of low-lying areas with rising sea levels would have negative impacts on population sizes of the Sable Island Sweat Bee. Harsh weather conditions could compound this effect while also reducing adult foraging activity. Past human influence may have also reduced the extent and diversity of flowering vegetation. Current human activity is minimal due to the isolation of the island and the control of visitors. There is potential with increased future human visitation to the island to introduce non-native bee species. Protection, Status, and Ranks The Sable Island Sweat Bee is not protected under federal or provincial legislation. The species has not been assigned a conservation status rank. The species’ habitat is within Sable Island National Park Reserve, which is protected under the Parks Canada Act. v TECHNICAL SUMMARY Lasioglossum sablense Sable Island Sweat Bee Halicte de l’île de Sable Range of occurrence in Canada: Nova Scotia Demographic Information Generation time 1 year to complete life cycle Is there an [observed, inferred, or projected] continuing decline in number of Inferred. mature individuals? Historical data are too sparse for accurate estimate. Human influence and changing island geography suggest a long-term decline in suitable habitat and inferred decline in mature individuals. Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals Unknown. within [5 years or 2 generations] Historical data are too sparse for accurate estimate. [Observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected] percent [reduction or increase] in Inferred reduction. total number of mature individuals over the last [10 years, or 3 generations]. Historical data are too sparse for accurate estimate. Human influence and changing island geography suggest a long-term decline in suitable habitat and inferred decline in mature individuals. [Projected or suspected] percent [reduction or increase] in total number of Unknown. mature individuals over the next [10 years, or 3 generations]. Historical data are too sparse for accurate estimate. Human influence and changing island geography suggest a long-term decline in suitable habitat. [Observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected] percent [reduction or increase] in Inferred reduction. total number of mature individuals over any [10 years, or 3 generations] period, over a time period including both the past and the future. Historical data are too sparse for accurate estimate. Human influence and changing island geography suggest a long-term decline in suitable habitat and inferred decline in mature individuals. Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? Not reversible; not fully understood; not ceased. Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? Not likely. Based on life cycle patterns of related Lasioglossum bee species. Extent and Occupancy Information Estimated extent of occurrence (minimum convex polygon) 118 km² Index of area of occupancy (IAO) 16 km² (Always report 2x2 grid value). Is the population severely fragmented? No. Number of locations < 5 vi Is there an [observed, inferred, or projected] continuing decline in extent of Yes. occurrence? Projected habitat loss, extent and quality based on sand ecosystem erosion and sea level increases. Is there an [observed, inferred, or projected] continuing decline in index of area Yes. of occupancy? Projected habitat loss, extent and quality based on sand ecosystem erosion and sea level increases. Is there an [observed, inferred, or projected] continuing decline in number of No. populations? Is there an [observed, inferred, or projected] continuing decline in number of No. locations? Is there an [observed, inferred, or projected] continuing decline in [area, extent Yes. and/or quality] of habitat? Projected habitat loss, extent and quality based on sand ecosystem erosion and sea level increases. Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations? No. Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations? No. Are there extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence? No. Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? No. Number of Mature Individuals (in each population) Population N Mature Individuals Total Unknown. Quantitative Analysis Probability of extinction in the wild is at least [20% within 20 years or 5 generations, Not calculated or 10% within 100 years]. Threats (actual or imminent, to populations or habitats) Possible habitat loss due to sand ecosystem erosion caused
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