DOCSLIB.ORG

Changes in Composition and Structure of a Wild Bee Community and Plant- Pollinator Interactions in South-Central Ontario Over a Forty-Nine Year Period

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Changes in composition and structure of a wild bee community and plant- pollinator interactions in South-Central Ontario over a forty-nine year period by Claire Rubens A thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Sciences Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Claire Rubens, September 2019 ABSTRACT CHANGES IN COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF A WILD BEE COMMUNITY AND PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO OVER A FORTY-NINE YEAR PERIOD Claire Rubens Advisor: University of Guelph, 2019 Professor Nigel E. Raine Wild pollinators provide important ecosystem services for both agricultural and natural ecosystems. While there is evidence of global pollinator declines, more long-term studies are needed to assess population trends, and the potential impacts of environmental stress factors such as land-use intensification and climate change. This is the first study to examine long-term changes in a wild bee community in Canada. Wild bee abundance, species richness, diversity and evenness were compared across three sampling periods (1968-1969, 2002-03, and 2016-17) in Caledon, Ontario over 49 years. Despite decreases in wild bee abundance since 2002-03, the diversity, evenness and richness increased over time. Extensive restructuring (including loss and frequency changes) of plant-pollinator interactions from 2002-03 to 2016-17 appeared not to affect network resilience. While local trends in land-use patterns did not predict changes in this wild bee community, climatic changes in temperature and snowfall correlated with wild bee abundance at the site. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Nigel Raine for taking me on as an undergraduate work-study student and a master’s student, and for helping me to focus my interests on wild bees. His enthusiasm and experience have been very helpful throughout this study. Thank you so much to Dr. Alana Pindar for her help in every aspect of my thesis. I am so grateful for all the time and work she put in, even from across the country. Thank you also to the members of my advisory committee, Drs. Laurence Packer and Madhur Anand for their feedback on my project. I really appreciate the time they spent to help me make the best version of my thesis. Thank you to all my field assistants, especially Emily Agar, Ellen Richard and Sage Handler, who made long days in the field so much more enjoyable. Thank you also to all the members of the Raine Lab for their support and input during this whole process. I would also like to thank Drs. Cory Sheffield, Jason Gibbs and Thomas Onuferko for their identification expertise. Thank you to the Royal Ontario Museum for allowing me to visit their insect collection to review bee specimens. Thank you to Jennifer Grixti for continuing to study this site and providing me with clarifications and extra information during the planning stages. A special thank you to Monika Gschwendtner and family for their continued interest in this project over the years and allowing us to explore and spend time on their beautiful property. This work was supported by funds from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC Discovery grant 2015-06783), the Food from Thought: Agricultural Systems for a Healthy Planet Initiative, by the Canada First Research Excellent Fund (grant 000054) and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation awarded to Dr. Raine. Finally, thank you to my parents Peter and Marion, my brother Calvin, my partner Alex and my cat Marcie for their support, patience and advice throughout the past three years. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The importance of pollination ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Drivers of global pollinator declines ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Climate change............................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Invasive species ............................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Land use intensification ................................................................................................. 6 1.2.4 Pests and pathogens ..................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2 General data collection methods for analysis of wild bee community composition and structure, and plant-pollinator interactions in Caledon, Southern Ontario ............................ 15 2.1 Study site ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2 Sampling procedures ........................................................................................................... 18 2.2.2 Sweep netting ............................................................................................................... 20 2.2.3 Comparing sampling methods between studies ........................................................... 20 2.3 Specimen processing, curation and identification .............................................................. 22 CHAPTER 3 Assessing wild bee community structure and composition changes over a forty- nine year period in a natural habitat in Caledon, Southern Ontario .............................................. 24 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Analytical methods ............................................................................................................. 28 v 3.3 Results ................................................................................................................................. 31 3.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 4 Changes in plant-pollinator interactions over a 15-year period in Caledon, Southern Ontario .......................................................................................................................................... 47 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Analytical methods ............................................................................................................. 49 4.3 Results ................................................................................................................................. 53 4.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER 5 Impacts of climate and habitat change on wild bee diversity in Caledon, Southern Ontario .......................................................................................................................................... 64 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 64 5.1.1 Habitat change ............................................................................................................. 64 5.1.2 Climate change............................................................................................................. 66 5.2 Analytical methods ............................................................................................................. 67 5.3 Results ................................................................................................................................. 69 5.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 75 CHAPTER 6 Conclusions............................................................................................................. 81 References ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 108 Appendix I .................................................................................................................................. 108 Appendix II ................................................................................................................................. 133 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Differences in sampling methods and intensity between
Recommended publications
  • Male and Female Bees Show Large Differences in Floral Preference

    Male and Female Bees Show Large Differences in Floral Preference

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/432518; this version posted November 16, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Male and female bees show large differences in floral preference 2 3 Michael Roswell [email protected] 4 Graduate program in ecology and evolution, Rutgers University 5 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08904 6 7 Jonathan Dushoff 8 Department of biology, McMaster University 9 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario ON L8S 4K1 10 11 Rachael Winfree 12 Department of ecology, evolution, and natural resources, Rutgers University 13 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08904 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/432518; this version posted November 16, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 14 Abstract 15 16 1. Intraspecific variation in foraging niche can drive food web dynamics and 17 ecosystem processes. Field studies and theoretical analysis of plant-pollinator 18 interaction networks typically focus on the partitioning of the floral community 19 between pollinator species, with little attention paid to intraspecific variation 20 among plants or foraging bees. In other systems, male and female animals 21 exhibit different, cascading, impacts on interaction partners.
  • Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Ở Miền Bắc, Việt Nam

    Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Ở Miền Bắc, Việt Nam

    KỶ YẾU HỘI NGHỊ KHOA HỌC 45 NĂM VIỆN HÀN LÂM KHCNVN DOI: 10.15625/vap.2020.00128 NGHIÊN CỨU THÀNH PHẦN VÀ SỰ PHÂN BỐ CỦA CÁC LOÀI ONG MẬT (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) Ở MIỀN BẮC, VIỆT NAM Trần Thị Ngát1, 2*, Nguyễn Thị Phương Liên1, 2, Trương Xuân Lam1, 2 1Viện Sinh thái và Tài nguyên sinh vật, Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam 2Học viện Khoa học và Công nghệ, Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam *Email: [email protected] ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ Liên họ Ong mật (Apoidea) là một trong những nhóm đa dạng và phong phú nhất trong Bộ Cánh màng. Cho đến nay, trên 20.000 loài thuộc 7 họ (Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Melittidae và Stenotritidae) đã được mô tả trên thế giới (Ascher và Pickering, 2020). Ong mật được đánh giá là một trong những trợ thủ đắc lực cho quá trình thụ phấn cho các loài thực vật có hoa. Cụ thể, chúng tiến hành thụ phấn cho nhiều loại lương thực, thực phẩm thiết yếu cũng như các loại cây ăn quả quan trọng của nước ta như lúa, ngô, đậu, dưa, nhãn, vải hay bưởi,… Với khả năng thụ phấn tốt, chúng giúp năng suất cây trồng tăng lên 20-30 % so với thông thường, thậm chí là 50 % (Phạm Hồng Thái, 2014). Ngoài ra, một số các loài Ong mật đã được thuần nuôi và mang lại lợi ích kinh tế rất cao cho người nuôi ong bằng việc khai thác các sản phẩm được tạo ra bởi chúng như phấn hoa, sáp ong, sữa ong chúa, đặc biệt là mật ong.
  • A List of the Leafcutting Bees (Family Megachildae, Hymenoptera) Known to Occur in Iowa

    A List of the Leafcutting Bees (Family Megachildae, Hymenoptera) Known to Occur in Iowa

    Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 55 Annual Issue Article 57 1948 A list of the Leafcutting Bees (Family Megachildae, Hymenoptera) known to occur in Iowa. H. E. Jaques Iowa Wesleyan College Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1948 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Jaques, H. E. (1948) "A list of the Leafcutting Bees (Family Megachildae, Hymenoptera) known to occur in Iowa.," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 55(1), 389-390. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol55/iss1/57 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jaques: A list of the Leafcutting Bees (Family Megachildae, Hymenoptera) A list of the Leafcutting Bees (Family Megachildae, Hymenoptera) known to occur in Iowa. H. E. JAQUES Almost everyone has noticed the round holes nearly a half inch across cut in the leaves of many plants. Rose leaves very frequently show this mutilation. The casual observer is usually without infor­ mation, however, as to how it all comes about unless he has chanced to see a leafcutter bee providing herself with one of the round oval pieces of leaf she uses in lining a burrow in rotton wood or in hollow plant stems. One must watch quickly and closely if he is to see this performance.
  • Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada

    Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada

    Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada Vol. 40(1) Summer 2021 The Newsletter of the BSC is published twice a year by the In this issue Biological Survey of Canada, an incorporated not-for-profit From the editor’s desk............2 group devoted to promoting biodiversity science in Canada. Membership..........................3 President’s report...................4 BSC Facebook & Twitter...........5 Reminder: 2021 AGM Contributing to the BSC The Annual General Meeting will be held on June 23, 2021 Newsletter............................5 Reminder: 2021 AGM..............6 Request for specimens: ........6 Feature Articles: Student Corner 1. City Nature Challenge Bioblitz Shawn Abraham: New Student 2021-The view from 53.5 °N, Liaison for the BSC..........................7 by Greg Pohl......................14 Mayflies (mainlyHexagenia sp., Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae): an 2. Arthropod Survey at Fort Ellice, MB important food source for adult by Robert E. Wrigley & colleagues walleye in NW Ontario lakes, by A. ................................................18 Ricker-Held & D.Beresford................8 Project Updates New book on Staphylinids published Student Corner by J. Klimaszewski & colleagues......11 New Student Liaison: Assessment of Chironomidae (Dip- Shawn Abraham .............................7 tera) of Far Northern Ontario by A. Namayandeh & D. Beresford.......11 Mayflies (mainlyHexagenia sp., Ephemerop- New Project tera: Ephemeridae): an important food source Help GloWorm document the distribu- for adult walleye in NW Ontario lakes, tion & status of native earthworms in by A. Ricker-Held & D.Beresford................8 Canada, by H.Proctor & colleagues...12 Feature Articles 1. City Nature Challenge Bioblitz Tales from the Field: Take me to the River, by Todd Lawton ............................26 2021-The view from 53.5 °N, by Greg Pohl..............................14 2.
  • Specialist Foragers in Forest Bee Communities Are Small, Social Or Emerge Early

    Specialist Foragers in Forest Bee Communities Are Small, Social Or Emerge Early

    Received: 5 November 2018 | Accepted: 2 April 2019 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13003 RESEARCH ARTICLE Specialist foragers in forest bee communities are small, social or emerge early Colleen Smith1,2 | Lucia Weinman1,2 | Jason Gibbs3 | Rachael Winfree2 1GraDuate Program in Ecology & Evolution, Rutgers University, New Abstract Brunswick, New Jersey 1. InDiviDual pollinators that specialize on one plant species within a foraging bout 2 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and transfer more conspecific and less heterospecific pollen, positively affecting plant Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey reproDuction. However, we know much less about pollinator specialization at the 3Department of Entomology, University of scale of a foraging bout compared to specialization by pollinator species. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanaDa 2. In this stuDy, we measured the Diversity of pollen carried by inDiviDual bees forag- Correspondence ing in forest plant communities in the miD-Atlantic United States. Colleen Smith Email: [email protected] 3. We found that inDiviDuals frequently carried low-Diversity pollen loaDs, suggest- ing that specialization at the scale of the foraging bout is common. InDiviDuals of Funding information Xerces Society for Invertebrate solitary bee species carried higher Diversity pollen loaDs than Did inDiviDuals of Conservation; Natural Resources social bee species; the latter have been better stuDied with respect to foraging Conservation Service; GarDen Club of America bout specialization, but account for a small minority of the worlD’s bee species. Bee boDy size was positively correlated with pollen load Diversity, and inDiviDuals HanDling EDitor: Julian Resasco of polylectic (but not oligolectic) species carried increasingly Diverse pollen loaDs as the season progresseD, likely reflecting an increase in the Diversity of flowers in bloom.
  • MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES to PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Osmia Bicornis © Lcrms/Shutterstock.Com

    MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES to PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Osmia Bicornis © Lcrms/Shutterstock.Com

    1 MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Osmia bicornis © lcrms/Shutterstock.com Managing invasive alien species to protect wild pollinators Environment 2 MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Managing invasive alien species to protect wild pollinators This document has been drafted by IUCN within the framework of the contract No 07.0202/2018/795538/SER/ ENV.D.2 “Technical support related to the implementation of the EU Pollinators Initiative”. The information and views set out in this document may not be comprehensive and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission, or IUCN. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document. Neither the Commission nor IUCN or any person acting on the Commission’s behalf, including any authors or contributors of the notes themselves, may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. IUCN. 2019. Managing invasive alien species to protect wild pollinators. Technical guidance prepared for the European Commission under contract No 07.0202/2018/795538/SER/ENV.D.2 “Technical support related to the implementation of the EU Pollinators Initiative”. List of contributors: Kevin Smith, Ana Nunes, Giuseppe Brundu, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Xavier Espadaler, Simone Lioy, Aulo Manino, Marco Porporato, Stuart Roberts, and Helen Roy. Date of completion: January 2020 MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS 3 What should you know about pollinators? What is pollination? Pollination – the transfer of grains of source of food are the most effective pollen between flowers on different pollinators.
  • Etude Multi-Echelle Du Patron De Diversite Des Abeilles Et Utilisation Des Ressources Fleuries Dans Un Agrosysteme Intensif

    Etude Multi-Echelle Du Patron De Diversite Des Abeilles Et Utilisation Des Ressources Fleuries Dans Un Agrosysteme Intensif

    THESE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE D’AVIGNON ET DES PAYS DE VAUCLUSE Ecole Doctorale 536 « Agro-sciences et Sciences » Présentée et soutenue publiquement par : Orianne ROLLIN Le 11 décembre 2013 à Avignon ETUDE MULTI-ECHELLE DU PATRON DE DIVERSITE DES ABEILLES ET UTILISATION DES RESSOURCES FLEURIES DANS UN AGROSYSTEME INTENSIF Directeurs de thèse : Mohamed EL MAATAOUI et Mickaël HENRY Membres du jury Rapporteur Dr. Denis MICHEZ Université de Mons, Belgique Rapporteur Dr. Felix HERZOG Agroscope Reckenholz, Suisse Examinateur Pr. Isabelle DAJOZ Université Paris 7, France Examinateur Dr. Vincent BRETAGNOLLE CEBC - CNRS, France Examinateur Pr. Mohamed EL MAATAOUI Université d’Avignon, France Examinateur Dr. Mickaël HENRY INRA d’Avignon, France A mon guide et pilier de toujours Sans qui rien n’aurait été possible… …ma mère Remerciements Je tiens à remercier tout ceux qui, au labo ou ailleurs, m’ont donné l’opportunité de faire cette thèse et ont contribué par leur aide, leurs conseils ou simplement leur bonne humeur, au bon déroulement de ce travail, dans les bureaux comme sur le terrain. Merci à mon directeur de thèse Mohamed El Maataoui pour ses conseils et son aide durant ces trois années. Je remercie tout particulièrement Mickaël Henry et Axel Decourtye. Merci à Mickaël pour son encadrement, sa gentillesse, sa patience face à mes nombreuses interrogations et hésitations, son aide tout simplement indispensable au déroulement de cette thèse. Il y a un nombre certain d’astuces statistiques qui n’est pas prêt d’être oublié…! Merci à Axel pour son écoute, sa disponibilité, ses conseils et ses relectures.
  • Native Bees Are a Rich Natural Resource in Urban California Gardens

    Native Bees Are a Rich Natural Resource in Urban California Gardens

    RESEARCh ARtiCLE t Native bees are a rich natural resource in urban California gardens by Gordon W. Frankie, Robbin W. Thorp, Jennifer Hernandez, Mark Rizzardi, Barbara Ertter, Jaime C. Pawelek, Sara L. Witt, Mary Schindler, Rollin Coville and Victoria A. Wojcik Evidence is mounting that pollina- tors of crop and wildland plants are declining worldwide. Our research group at UC Berkeley and UC Davis conducted a 3-year survey of bee pol- linators in seven cities from Northern California to Southern California. Results indicate that many types of urban residential gardens provide floral and nesting resources for the reproduction and survival of bees, especially a diversity of native bees. Habitat gardening for bees, using targeted ornamental plants, can pre- dictably increase bee diversity and abundance, and provide clear pollina- About 1,600 native bee species have been recorded in California. the bees provide critical ecological and pollination services in wildlands and croplands, as well as urban areas. Above, a tion benefits. female solitary bee (Svasta obliqua expurgata) on purple coneflower (Echinacea pupurea). utdoor urban areas worldwide known in the entire United States, portant benefits to people that include are known to support a rich di- about 1,600 have been recorded in aesthetic pleasure, awareness of urban versityO of insect life (Frankie and Ehler California. native fauna conservation, pollination 1978). Some insects are undesirable and Our recent work on urban California of garden plants that provide food for characterized as pests, such as aphids, bees in the San Francisco Bay Area people and animals, and environmental snails, earwigs and borers; urban resi- (Frankie et al.
  • Wild Bee Declines and Changes in Plant-Pollinator Networks Over 125 Years Revealed Through Museum Collections

    Wild Bee Declines and Changes in Plant-Pollinator Networks Over 125 Years Revealed Through Museum Collections

    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2018 WILD BEE DECLINES AND CHANGES IN PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS OVER 125 YEARS REVEALED THROUGH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS Minna Mathiasson University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Mathiasson, Minna, "WILD BEE DECLINES AND CHANGES IN PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS OVER 125 YEARS REVEALED THROUGH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS" (2018). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1192. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1192 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WILD BEE DECLINES AND CHANGES IN PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS OVER 125 YEARS REVEALED THROUGH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS BY MINNA ELIZABETH MATHIASSON BS Botany, University of Maine, 2013 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences: Integrative and Organismal Biology May, 2018 This thesis has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences: Integrative and Organismal Biology by: Dr. Sandra M. Rehan, Assistant Professor of Biology Dr. Carrie Hall, Assistant Professor of Biology Dr. Janet Sullivan, Adjunct Associate Professor of Biology On April 18, 2018 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School.
  • Bees in the Trees: Diverse Spring Fauna in Temperate Forest Edge Canopies

    Bees in the Trees: Diverse Spring Fauna in Temperate Forest Edge Canopies

    Forest Ecology and Management 482 (2021) 118903 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Bees in the trees: Diverse spring fauna in temperate forest edge canopies Katherine R. Urban-Mead a,*, Paige Muniz~ a, Jessica Gillung b, Anna Espinoza a, Rachel Fordyce a, Maria van Dyke a, Scott H. McArt a, Bryan N. Danforth a a Cornell Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States b Department of Natural Resource Sciences at McGill University in Quebec, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Temperate hardwood deciduous forest is the dominant landcover in the Northeastern US, yet its canopy is usually Temperate deciduous forests ignored as pollinator habitat due to the abundance of wind-pollinated trees. We describe the vertical stratifi­ Wild bees cation of spring bee communities in this habitat and explore associations with bee traits, canopy cover, and Forest management coarse woody debris. For three years, we sampled second-growth woodlots and apple orchard-adjacent forest Canopy ecology sites from late March to early June every 7–10 days with paired sets of tri-colored pan traps in the canopy (20–25 m above ground) and understory (<1m). Roughly one fifthof the known New York state bee fauna were caught at each height, and 90 of 417 species overall, with many species shared across the strata. We found equal species richness, higher diversity, and a much higher proportion of female bees in the canopy compared to the understory. Female solitary, social, soil- and wood-nesting bees were all abundant in the canopy while soil- nesting and solitary bees of both sexes dominated the understory.
  • Nest Architecture, Life Cycle, and Natural

    Nest Architecture, Life Cycle, and Natural

    Nest architecture, life cycle, and natural enemies of the neotropical leafcutting bee Megachile (Moureapis) maculata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in a montane forest William de O. Sabino, Yasmine Antonini To cite this version: William de O. Sabino, Yasmine Antonini. Nest architecture, life cycle, and natural enemies of the neotropical leafcutting bee Megachile (Moureapis) maculata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in a mon- tane forest. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2017, 48 (4), pp.450-460. 10.1007/s13592-016-0488-9. hal- 01681897 HAL Id: hal-01681897 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681897 Submitted on 11 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2017) 48:450–460 Original article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2017 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-016-0488-9 Nest architecture, life cycle, and natural enemies of the neotropical leafcutting bee Megachile (Moureapis ) maculata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in a montane forest 1,2 1 William De O. SABINO , Yasmine A NTONINI 1Laboratório de Biodiversidade—Instituto de Ciências Exatas
  • Unique Bee Communities Within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity

    Unique Bee Communities Within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity

    sustainability Article Unique Bee Communities within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity Frances S. Sivakoff ID , Scott P. Prajzner and Mary M. Gardiner * ID Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] (F.S.S.); [email protected] (S.P.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-330-601-6628 Received: 1 May 2018; Accepted: 5 June 2018; Published: 8 June 2018 Abstract: We investigated the relative importance of vacant lot and urban farm habitat features and their surrounding landscape context on bee community richness, abundance, composition, and resource use patterns. Three years of pan trap collections from 16 sites yielded a rich assemblage of bees from vacant lots and urban farms, with 98 species documented. We collected a greater bee abundance from vacant lots, and the two forms of greenspace supported significantly different bee communities. Plant–pollinator networks constructed from floral visitation observations revealed that, while the average number of bees utilizing available resources, niche breadth, and niche overlap were similar, the composition of floral resources and common foragers varied by habitat type. Finally, we found that the proportion of impervious surface and number of greenspace patches in the surrounding landscape strongly influenced bee assemblages. At a local scale (100 m radius), patch isolation appeared to limit colonization of vacant lots and urban farms. However, at a larger landscape scale (1000 m radius), increasing urbanization resulted in a greater concentration of bees utilizing vacant lots and urban farms, illustrating that maintaining greenspaces provides important habitat, even within highly developed landscapes.