Semi-Centennial of Landsat Observations & Pending Landsat 9
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A Systematic Review of Landsat Data for Change Detection Applications: 50 Years of Monitoring the Earth
remote sensing Review A Systematic Review of Landsat Data for Change Detection Applications: 50 Years of Monitoring the Earth MohammadAli Hemati 1 , Mahdi Hasanlou 1 , Masoud Mahdianpari 2,3,* and Fariba Mohammadimanesh 2 1 School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran; [email protected] (M.H.); [email protected] (M.H.) 2 C-CORE, 1 Morrissey Road, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada; [email protected] 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: With uninterrupted space-based data collection since 1972, Landsat plays a key role in systematic monitoring of the Earth’s surface, enabled by an extensive and free, radiometrically consistent, global archive of imagery. Governments and international organizations rely on Landsat time series for monitoring and deriving a systematic understanding of the dynamics of the Earth’s surface at a spatial scale relevant to management, scientific inquiry, and policy development. In this study, we identify trends in Landsat-informed change detection studies by surveying 50 years of published applications, processing, and change detection methods. Specifically, a representative database was created resulting in 490 relevant journal articles derived from the Web of Science and Scopus. From these articles, we provide a review of recent developments, opportunities, and trends in Landsat change detection studies. The impact of the Landsat free and open data policy in 2008 is evident in the literature as a turning point in the number and nature of change detection Citation: Hemati, M.; Hasanlou, M.; studies. -
NOAA TM GLERL-33. Categorization of Northern Green Bay Ice Cover
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-33 CATEGORIZATION OF NORTHERN GREEN BAY ICE COVER USING LANDSAT 1 DIGITAL DATA - A CASE STUDY George A. Leshkevich Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann Arbor, Michigan January 1981 UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND Environmental Research DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AlMOSPHERlC ADMINISTRATION Laboratofks Philip M. Klutznick, Sacratary Richard A Frank, Administrator Joseph 0. Fletcher, Acting Director NOTICE The NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories do not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to the NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, or to this publication furnished by the NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that the NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material men- tioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertized product to be used or purchased because of this NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories publication. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 1. INTRODUCTION 2. DATA SOURCE AND DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA 2.1 Data Source 2.2 Description of Study Area 3. DATA ANALYSIS 3.1 Equipment 3.2 Approach 5 4. RESULTS 8 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 7. REFERENCES 17 8. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 19 iii FIGURES Page 1. Area covered by LANDSAT 1 scene, February 13, 1975. 3 2. LANDSAT 1 false-color image, February 13, 1975, and trainin:: set locations (by group number). 4 3. Transformed variables (1 and 2) for snow covered land (group 13) plotted arouwl the group means for snow- covered ice (group 15). -
Panagiotis Karampelas Thirimachos Bourlai Editors Technologies for Civilian, Military and Cyber Surveillance
Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications Panagiotis Karampelas Thirimachos Bourlai Editors Surveillance in Action Technologies for Civilian, Military and Cyber Surveillance Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications Series editor Anthony J. Masys, Centre for Security Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada Advisory Board Gisela Bichler, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA Thirimachos Bourlai, WVU - Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, Morgantown, WV, USA Chris Johnson, University of Glasgow, UK Panagiotis Karampelas, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Attica, Greece Christian Leuprecht, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada Edward C. Morse, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA David Skillicorn, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada Yoshiki Yamagata, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan The series Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications comprises interdisciplinary research covering the theory, foundations and domain-specific topics pertaining to security. Publications within the series are peer-reviewed monographs and edited works in the areas of: – biological and chemical threat recognition and detection (e.g., biosensors, aerosols, forensics) – crisis and disaster management – terrorism – cyber security and secure information systems (e.g., encryption, optical and photonic systems) – traditional and non-traditional security – energy, food and resource security – economic security and securitization (including associated -
Landsat 9 Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Mission Success Approach
First Int'l. Orbital Debris Conf. 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2109) 6058.pdf Landsat 9 Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Mission Success Approach Michael S. Pryzby(1), Scott M. Hull(2), Angela M. Russo(2), Glenn T. Iona(2), Daniel Helfrich(2), and Evan H. Webb(2) (1) ATA Aerospace, 7474 Greenway Center Dr, Suite 500, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA (2) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA ABSTRACT Landsat 9* (L9) is the successor mission to Landsat 8 (L8) previously known as Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). Both missions are large unmanned remote sensing satellites operating in sun- synchronous polar orbits. As opposed to L8/LDCM, systems engineers for L9 incorporated Micrometeoroid/Orbital Debris (MMOD) protection for small object collisions as part of the L9’s mission success criteria. In other words, the NASA Process for Limiting Orbital Debris (NASA-STD-8719.14A) only calls for analyses of the protection of disposal-critical hardware, but L9 opted to also assess and provide small particle penetration protections for all observatory components including instruments that are not part of the spacecraft components needed for controlled reentry. Systems engineers at Goddard developed a design process to protect against MMOD during the life of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) observatories, and in particular the Landsat 9 Mission. Simply stated, this design process enhanced the effectiveness of existing Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) to provide the needed protection. The end goal of the design process was to establish a necessary blanket areal density for a given electronics box or instrument wall thickness and a separation between the outer MLI blanket and the structure underneath. -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available. -
NASA Process for Limiting Orbital Debris
NASA-HANDBOOK NASA HANDBOOK 8719.14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Approved: 2008-07-30 Washington, DC 20546 Expiration Date: 2013-07-30 HANDBOOK FOR LIMITING ORBITAL DEBRIS Measurement System Identification: Metric APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED NASA-Handbook 8719.14 This page intentionally left blank. Page 2 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG Status Document Approval Date Description Revision Baseline 2008-07-30 Initial Release Page 3 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 This page intentionally left blank. Page 4 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 This page intentionally left blank. Page 6 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SCOPE...........................................................................................................................13 1.1 Purpose................................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................... 13 2 APPLICABLE AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS................................................14 3 ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS ...........................................................................15 3.1 Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Definitions ......................................................................................................................... -
US National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing
NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 7500 GEOINT Drive Springfield. Virginia 22150 Steven Aftergood Sent via U.S. mail Federation of American Scientists November 28,2012 1725 Desales Street NW, Suite 600 Re: FOIA Case Number: 20100025F Washington, DC 20036 Dear Mr. Aftergood: This letter responds to your October 29, 2009 Freedom oflnformation Act (FOIA) request, which we received on October 29, 2009. You requested access to documents pertaining to "U.S. National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing: The Evolution of Civil and Commercial Policy by James A. Vedda, Aerospace Corp., February 20, 2009, preparedfor NGA Sensor Assimilation Division." , A search ofNGA's system of records located one document (37 pages) that is responsive to your request. We reviewed the responsive documents and determined they are releasable in full. If you have any questions about the way we handled your request, or about our FOIA regulations or procedures, please contact Elliott Bellinger, Deputy FOIA Program Manager, at 571-557-2994 or by email at [email protected] or via postal mail at: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency FOIA Requester Service Center 7500 GEOINT Drive, MS S71-0GCA Springfield, VA 22150-7500 Sincerely, ~ Elliott Belinger Deputy FOIA Program Manager UNCLASSIFIED AEROSPACE REPORT NO. TOR-2009(3601 )-8539 U.S. National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing: The Evolution of Civil and Commercial Policy 20 February 2009 James A. Yedda NSS Programs Policy and Oversight National Space Systems Engineering Prepared for: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Sensor Assimilation Division Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20191-3449 Contract No. FA8802-09-C-OOO 1 Authorized by: National Systems Group Distribution Statement: Distribution authorized to U.S. -
Bob Cabana, Director Kennedy Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Bob Cabana, Director Kennedy Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Premier Multi-User Spaceport KSC Programs and Projects Commercial Crew Program Launch Services Program Exploration Ground Systems Gateway — A spaceport for human and Exploration Research & Technology robotic exploration to the Moon and beyond Programs 2019 KSC Key Milestones o March 2 SpaceX Demo-1 LC 39A o June 27 Mobile Launcher rolls testing to SLC 39B o July 2 Orion Launch Abort System Test SLC-46 o October 10 ICON Mission CCAFS Remaining Milestones Planned in 2019 Boeing Pad Abort Test – Target date 11/4/19 Boeing Orbital Flight Test – Target date mid December SpaceX In-Flight Abort Test – Target date early December Gateway Logistics Contract Award 2020 KSC Key Milestones Orion Mass Simulator on dock KSC - 1/24/20 SpaceX Demo-2 Boeing Crewed Flight Test Solar Orbiter – 2/5/20 SLS Boosters arrive and processing begins - 3/18/20 Orion turnover to EGS - 5/16/20 MARS 2020 -7/17/20 Sentinel 6A - 11/15/20 Landsat-9 – 12/15/20 7 National Aeronautics and Space Administration SpaceX Demo-1 March 2, 2019 Boeing Hotfire & Parachute Tests May 22, 2019 National Aeronautics and Space Administration High Performance Spaceflight Computing Precision Solar Landing Electric Space Technology for Propulsion 2024 and Beyond Surface Cryofluid Lunar Dust Excavation/Construction Management Mitigation In Situ Resource Extreme Environments Utilization Extreme Access Lunar Surface Power Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative NASA Internal Use Only Do Not Distribute 18 EGS Striving Toward Launch of Artemis I SLS Block 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Orion Liquid oxygen Artemis I Intertank Core Stage 322 feet 322 Booster Mobile Launcher 130 feet 130 Rocket Crew Access Arm 274 feet 274 feet 380 Engine NASA Internal Use Only Do Not Distribute Vehicle Assembly Building 380 feet • 10.5 million lbs. -
Use of Remotely Sensed Data to Enhance Estimation of Aboveground Biomass for the Dry Afromontane Forest in South-Central Ethiopia
remote sensing Article Use of Remotely Sensed Data to Enhance Estimation of Aboveground Biomass for the Dry Afromontane Forest in South-Central Ethiopia Habitamu Taddese 1,2,* , Zerihun Asrat 2,3 , Ingunn Burud 1, Terje Gobakken 3 , Hans Ole Ørka 3 , Øystein B. Dick 1 and Erik Næsset 3 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (Ø.B.D.) 2 Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene 3870006, Ethiopia; [email protected] 3 Faculty Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (H.O.Ø.); [email protected] (E.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-4671-8534 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 11 October 2020; Published: 13 October 2020 Abstract: Periodic assessment of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential to regulate the impacts of the changing climate. However, AGB estimation using field-based sample survey (FBSS) has limited precision due to cost and accessibility constraints. Fortunately, remote sensing technologies assist to improve AGB estimation precisions. Thus, this study assessed the role of remotely sensed (RS) data in improving the precision of AGB estimation in an Afromontane forest in south-central Ethiopia. The research objectives were to identify RS variables that are useful for estimating AGB and evaluate the extent of improvement in the precision of the remote sensing-assisted AGB estimates beyond the precision of a pure FBSS. -
Spectral Response Characterization of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager 2 Using the Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR)
Spectral Response Characterization of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager 2 using the Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR) Brian Markham, Julia Barsi, Joel McCorkel, Brendan McAndrew, Jeffrey Pedelty, + GLAMR and Ball I & T and Systems teams NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Mission Objectives Mission Parameters • Provide continuity in multi-decadal Landsat land surface observations to • Single Satellite, Mission Category 1, Risk Class B study, predict, and understand the consequences of land surface dynamics • 5-year design life after on-orbit checkout • Core Component of Sustainable Land Imaging program • At least 10 years of consumables • Sun-synchronous orbit, 705 km at equator, 98°inclination • 16-day global land revisit • Partnership: NASA & USGS Mission Team • NASA: Flight segment & checkout • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) • USGS: Ground system and operations • USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center • Category 3 Launch Vehicle • NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) • Launch: Management Agreement - December 2020 Agency Baseline Commitment – November 2021 Instruments • Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2; Ball Aerospace) • Reflective-band push-broom imager (15-30m res) • 9 spectral bands at 15 - 30m resolution • Retrieves data on surface properties, land cover, and vegetation condition • Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2; NASA GSFC) • Thermal infrared (TIR) push-broom imager • 2 TIR bands at 100m resolution • Retrieves surface temperature, supporting agricultural and climate applications, including monitoring evapotranspiration Spacecraft (S/C) & Observatory Integration & Test (I&T) • Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS), formerly Orbital ATK (OA) Launch Services • United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V 401 Increase in pivot irrigation in Saudi Arabia from 1987 to 2012 as recorded by Landsat. -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 1 January–April 2019 CONTENTS SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 1 Focus .................................................................................................................... 1 Europe ................................................................................................................... 4 11TH European Space Policy Conference ......................................................................... 4 EU programmatic roadmap: towards a comprehensive Regulation of the European Space Programme 4 EDA GOVSATCOM GSC demo project ............................................................................. 5 Programme Advancements: Copernicus, Galileo, ExoMars ................................................... 5 European Space Agency: partnerships continue to flourish................................................... 6 Renewed support for European space SMEs and training ..................................................... 7 UK Space Agency leverages COMPASS project for international cooperation .............................. 7 France multiplies international cooperation .................................................................... 7 Italy’s PRISMA pride ................................................................................................ 8 Establishment of the Portuguese Space Agency: Data is King ................................................ 8 Belgium and Luxembourg