A picture guide to algae in the ElRiEel River wat ersh hded
Originally compiled by Rex Lowe, Bowling Green State University 1 Expanded by Paula Furey, University of California Berkeley (2009) Cladophora Rusty
Rusty Green YllYellow
Green Yellow
Modified from Power et al (in press 2009)2 Cladophora showing chloroplasts Cladophora with few epiphytes: “green” in the field Cladophora feels rough, and when you squeeze it, it looks like cotton
Slightly irregularly Thick cell wall shaped cells
pkukmweb.ukm.my/.../kkripto_files/image249.jpg Reticulated chloroplasts
branching 3
Copyright 1995-2009 Protist Information Server Cladophora with moderate epiphyte load Cocconeis Often “Yellow” in the field
Gomphonema Cymbella
4 Rhoicosphenia Cladophora with heavy epiphyte load Often “rusty-red” in the field Rhopalodia
Epithemia Epithemia sorex
Epithemia turgida 5 Rhoicosphenia abbreviata Achnanthidium minutissimum
Epithemia turgida
Epithemia sorex
Cocconeis pediculus
Cocconeis placentula
6 Cladophora tufts woven by midges
7 Midge gut contents Vorticella (not algae)
Cocconeis
8 Filamentous, green algal spp (Chlorophyta): These genera have mucilaginous sheaths: “slimy” to touch SiSpirogyra spiliiraling c hlorop las t
Two star shaped conjjgugation Zygnema chloroplasts
Mougeotia flat, plate-like chloroplast that sometimes has a twist
“buttons” down the 9 middle (pyrenoids) Spirogyra
Mougeotia
10 Zygnema More filamentous greens
Oedogonium
Asexual zoospores Look for “apical caps” or ‘growth rings’ on some cells Note the heavier epiphyte load (in this case Chamaesiphon) on the older cell compared with the new cell.
Cells often slightly irregular in shape
Often has epiphytes:11 rough to touch Other filamentous greens Stigeoclonium Bulbochaetae
“bulbous” setae on ends of filaments http://vis-pc.plantbio.ohiou.edu/algaeimage/pages/Stigeoclonium.html
Ulothrix
“c” shaped 12 Gonatozygon chloroplast Non-filamentous greens - Desmids
CiCosmarium Micrasterias
Staurastrum Note slight indent in the “middle”
Pleurotaenium 13 Spirotaenia Closterium Desmidium Non-filamentous greens
Pediastrum
Crucigenia Scenedesmus (Desmodesmus if it has spines)
Oocystis
Tetraedron 14 Characium Other greens Sperm Apiocystis packets Volvox
DhtliDaughter colonies
Zoochlorella (heliozoan (found inside another org.) 15 Other Gloeocystis green algae
www.life.umd.edu/.../chaetosphaeridium.jpg Pandorina Chaetosphaeridium Aphanochaete
www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/.../g/chl/dunaliella.jpg Gongosira
16 Dunaliella Coleochaete Ankistrodesmus Cyanobacteria Nostoc
Cells are within a mucilaginous sheath
Heterocyst (nitrogen fixation)
Midge inside17 Nostoc parmeloides Kützing Nostoc ‘ear’ Anabaena Cylindrospermopsis
heterocyte Terminal (in the middle) heterocyte akinete
akine te
18 Rivulariales Calothrix Rivularia
terminal heterocyte
Solitary trichome
19 Oscillatoriales
Oscillatoria envis.kuenvbiotech.org/images/Phormidium_2.jpg Phormidium
www.virtual-geology.info/.../images/lyngbya1.jpg
20 Lyngbya Other fixing cyanobacteria 21 Tolypothrix Scytonema
double false branching
heterocyte
Single false branching
heterocyte necridic cell
22 Other Cyanobacteria Aphanothece
www.glerl.noaa.gov/.../Images/chamaesiphon.jpg
Chamaesiphon (on Cladophora)
Merismopedia
23 Rhodophyta – red algae: Batrachospermum (sometimes called ‘frog-spawn’ algae after its’ appearance)
24 Under a slide Chrysophyta
Synura Chrysosphaerella Mallomonas longispina Euglenophyta Dinobryon
Dinoflagellates
Phacus Trachelomonas
Euglena 25 Gymnodinium Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)
Vaucheria - Hollow tubes or ‘siphons’ - Coenocytic
Feels like cat fur, Chloroplasts often align on the or a felt-like mat. outside of the cell where the most light is.
Reproductive structures 26 Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Epithemia Girdle view
Valve view Endosymbionts (nitrogen fixing)
27 Epithemia Valve view Girdle view turgida
3 or fewer rows of striae “th”l“moustache” only goes between Endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria part way up valve edge fibulae
28 Epithemia turgida Ehrenberg (Kützing) Epithemia adnata
Fibulae
3 or more rows of striae between fibulae
Girdle view
Valve view
29 Epithemia adnata (Kützing) Brébisson Epithemia sorex
‘moustache goes all Cyanobacteria the way to the top endosymbionts
Girdle views
Valve view
Sexual reproduction
30 Epithemia sorex Kützing Rhopalodia (looks like a canoe in valve view)
Endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
Valv e v iew Girdle v iew
31 Rhopalodia gibba var. gibba Kützing Brébisson Ehrenberg (O. Müller) Cocconeis pediculus Cocconeis placentula
Raphe valve Raphe valve Cocconeis spp.
“saddle shaped”
Rapheless Rapheless valve valve
Cocconeis placentula var.32 lineata girdle (Ehrenberg) Van Heurck Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg Cocconeis Cocconeis pediculus Cocconeis epiphytic on reproduction Cladophora
33 Cocconeis associated rust spots on Cladophora Rhoicosphenia
Valve view
Focus 1: Focus 2: Middle in focus ends in focus Girdle view: ‘bent’ or curved
34 Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema spp
stalk
stigma
keisou.hp.infoseek.co.jp/.../gomphone.html
35 Gomphonema sp 1
stalks Girdle view “triangle, not bent” Valve view
36 Gomphonema sp 2
Valve view stigma stigma
Valve view Valve view Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg Gomphonema sp 4 GhGomphonema t runcat um Ehren berg
Girdle view Valve view Girdle view
37 Gomphonema sp 5 Gomphoneis sp
Valve view
Line running along Girdle view length of valve face
stigma
38 Cymbella Cymbella tumida?
1
2 Raphe curves up Girdle view Valve view
Stigmas on ventral side 39 Cymbella cistula complex Encyonema
Raphe curves down 40 (compare with Cymbella) craticula.ncl.ac.uk/.../images/raphe_lateral.jpg Centric diatoms valve view ½ cell (one valve) whole Melosira cell
auxospore
Melosira varians Agardh Girdle view www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Melosira_varians.jpg Cyclotella
valve view gidlirdle view
41 Diatoma (two species)
Girdle view
Valve view 1
Diatoma tenuis Agardh.
2
www4.eas.asu.edu/.../Diatoma-r12-1-girdle.gif
42 Diatoma vulgaris Bory Fragilaria sp 1 (most common)
Girdle view – many cells
Valve view
Other Fragilaria sp
43 Synedra (or Ulnaria) sp.
Girdle view
Valve view
44 Navicula spp
Sp2
Sp 1 (larger and more heavily silicified relative to Sp 2 which is faint
45
N. meniculsus??? cryptotennala?? Navicula sp. 3 Note pinched ends
46 Navicula capitoradiata??? 4
Nitschia spp Valve view - Be sure to optically dissect the diatom to see the raphe (up on a keel) on both sides 5 1 3 Girdle view
1
2 Raphe on keel 7 47 Planothidium
Same specimen
Rapheless valve Raphe valve
Same specimen “horseshoe”
48 Miscellaneous Gyrosigma diatoms
Amphipleura Achnanthidium minutissimum
49 50