A picture guide to in the ElRiEel River wat ersh hded

Originally compiled by Rex Lowe, Bowling Green State University 1 Expanded by Paula Furey, University of California Berkeley (2009) Cladophora Rusty

Rusty Green YllYellow

Green Yellow

Modified from Power et al (in press 2009)2 Cladophora showing chloroplasts Cladophora with few epiphytes: “green” in the field Cladophora feels rough, and when you squeeze it, it looks like cotton

Slightly irregularly Thick cell wall shaped cells

pkukmweb.ukm.my/.../kkripto_files/image249.jpg Reticulated chloroplasts

branching 3

Copyright 1995-2009 Information Server Cladophora with moderate epiphyte load Cocconeis Often “Yellow” in the field

Gomphonema Cymbella

4 Rhoicosphenia Cladophora with heavy epiphyte load Often “rusty-red” in the field Rhopalodia

Epithemia Epithemia sorex

Epithemia turgida 5 Rhoicosphenia abbreviata Achnanthidium minutissimum

Epithemia turgida

Epithemia sorex

Cocconeis pediculus

Cocconeis placentula

6 Cladophora tufts woven by midges

7 Midge gut contents Vorticella (not algae)

Cocconeis

8 Filamentous, green algal spp (): These genera have mucilaginous sheaths: “slimy” to touch SiSpirogyra spiliiraling c hlorop las t

Two star shaped conjjgugation Zygnema chloroplasts

Mougeotia flat, plate-like chloroplast that sometimes has a twist

“buttons” down the 9 middle (pyrenoids)

Mougeotia

10 Zygnema More filamentous greens

Oedogonium

Asexual zoospores Look for “apical caps” or ‘growth rings’ on some cells Note the heavier epiphyte load (in this case Chamaesiphon) on the older cell compared with the new cell.

Cells often slightly irregular in shape

Often has epiphytes:11 rough to touch Other filamentous greens Stigeoclonium Bulbochaetae

“bulbous” setae on ends of filaments http://vis-pc.plantbio.ohiou.edu/algaeimage/pages/Stigeoclonium.html

Ulothrix

“c” shaped 12 Gonatozygon chloroplast Non-filamentous greens - Desmids

CiCosmarium Micrasterias

Staurastrum Note slight indent in the “middle”

Pleurotaenium 13 Spirotaenia Closterium Desmidium Non-filamentous greens

Pediastrum

Crucigenia Scenedesmus (Desmodesmus if it has spines)

Oocystis

Tetraedron 14 Characium Other greens Sperm Apiocystis packets Volvox

DhtliDaughter colonies

Zoochlorella (heliozoan (found inside another org.) 15 Other Gloeocystis

www.life.umd.edu/.../chaetosphaeridium.jpg Pandorina Chaetosphaeridium Aphanochaete

www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/.../g/chl/dunaliella.jpg Gongosira

16 Dunaliella Coleochaete Ankistrodesmus Cyanobacteria Nostoc

Cells are within a mucilaginous sheath

Heterocyst (nitrogen fixation)

Midge inside17 Nostoc parmeloides Kützing Nostoc ‘ear’ Anabaena Cylindrospermopsis

heterocyte Terminal (in the middle) heterocyte akinete

akine te

18 Rivulariales Calothrix Rivularia

terminal heterocyte

Solitary trichome

19 Oscillatoriales

Oscillatoria envis.kuenvbiotech.org/images/Phormidium_2.jpg Phormidium

www.virtual-geology.info/.../images/lyngbya1.jpg

20 Lyngbya Other fixing cyanobacteria 21 Tolypothrix Scytonema

double false branching

heterocyte

Single false branching

heterocyte necridic cell

22 Other Cyanobacteria Aphanothece

www.glerl.noaa.gov/.../Images/chamaesiphon.jpg

Chamaesiphon (on Cladophora)

Merismopedia

23 Rhodophyta – : Batrachospermum (sometimes called ‘frog-spawn’ algae after its’ appearance)

24 Under a slide Chrysophyta

Synura Chrysosphaerella Mallomonas longispina Euglenophyta Dinobryon

Dinoflagellates

Phacus Trachelomonas

Euglena 25 Gymnodinium Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)

Vaucheria - Hollow tubes or ‘siphons’ - Coenocytic

Feels like cat fur, Chloroplasts often align on the or a felt-like mat. outside of the cell where the most light is.

Reproductive structures 26 Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Epithemia Girdle view

Valve view Endosymbionts (nitrogen fixing)

27 Epithemia Valve view Girdle view turgida

3 or fewer rows of striae “th”l“moustache” only goes between Endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria part way up valve edge fibulae

28 Epithemia turgida Ehrenberg (Kützing) Epithemia adnata

Fibulae

3 or more rows of striae between fibulae

Girdle view

Valve view

29 Epithemia adnata (Kützing) Brébisson Epithemia sorex

‘moustache goes all Cyanobacteria the way to the top endosymbionts

Girdle views

Valve view

Sexual reproduction

30 Epithemia sorex Kützing Rhopalodia (looks like a canoe in valve view)

Endosymbiotic cyanobacteria

Valv e v iew Girdle v iew

31 Rhopalodia gibba var. gibba Kützing Brébisson Ehrenberg (O. Müller) Cocconeis pediculus Cocconeis placentula

Raphe valve Raphe valve Cocconeis spp.

“saddle shaped”

Rapheless Rapheless valve valve

Cocconeis placentula var.32 lineata girdle (Ehrenberg) Van Heurck Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg Cocconeis Cocconeis pediculus Cocconeis epiphytic on reproduction Cladophora

33 Cocconeis associated rust spots on Cladophora Rhoicosphenia

Valve view

Focus 1: Focus 2: Middle in focus ends in focus Girdle view: ‘bent’ or curved

34 Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema spp

stalk

stigma

keisou.hp.infoseek.co.jp/.../gomphone.html

35 Gomphonema sp 1

stalks Girdle view “triangle, not bent” Valve view

36 Gomphonema sp 2

Valve view stigma stigma

Valve view Valve view Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg Gomphonema sp 4 GhGomphonema t runcat um Ehren berg

Girdle view Valve view Girdle view

37 Gomphonema sp 5 Gomphoneis sp

Valve view

Line running along Girdle view length of valve face

stigma

38 Cymbella Cymbella tumida?

1

2 Raphe curves up Girdle view Valve view

Stigmas on ventral side 39 Cymbella cistula complex Encyonema

Raphe curves down 40 (compare with Cymbella) craticula.ncl.ac.uk/.../images/raphe_lateral.jpg Centric diatoms valve view ½ cell (one valve) whole Melosira cell

auxospore

Melosira varians Agardh Girdle view www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Melosira_varians.jpg Cyclotella

valve view gidlirdle view

41 Diatoma (two species)

Girdle view

Valve view 1

Diatoma tenuis Agardh.

2

www4.eas.asu.edu/.../Diatoma-r12-1-girdle.gif

42 Diatoma vulgaris Bory Fragilaria sp 1 (most common)

Girdle view – many cells

Valve view

Other Fragilaria sp

43 Synedra (or Ulnaria) sp.

Girdle view

Valve view

44 Navicula spp

Sp2

Sp 1 (larger and more heavily silicified relative to Sp 2 which is faint

45

N. meniculsus??? cryptotennala?? Navicula sp. 3 Note pinched ends

46 Navicula capitoradiata??? 4

Nitschia spp Valve view - Be sure to optically dissect the diatom to see the raphe (up on a keel) on both sides 5 1 3 Girdle view

1

2 Raphe on keel 7 47 Planothidium

Same specimen

Rapheless valve Raphe valve

Same specimen “horseshoe”

48 Miscellaneous Gyrosigma diatoms

Amphipleura Achnanthidium minutissimum

49 50