EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This study deals with “A critical study of Economic and Administrative policies of Nanasaheb peshwa. The following three chapters have been completed so far. The brief summary of the completed chapters are given below:
Chapter – 1
Introductory chapter discusses the outline and aims of the study. It discusses while studying history, era of Shivaji and Peshwa are supposed to be the most important reign in the history of Maratha Power was planted in the reign of Shivaji and it was grown in the form of tree in the reign of Peshwa. The First four Peshwas shaped it in to imperialistic state.
During the reign of shivaji, position of King was not given by hereditary. From the period of Shahu, position of Peshwa remained with only same dynasty. Bhat disguised in the Maratha power in the form of peshwa and it remained with that dynasty till to the end. Generally, the period from 1713 to 1818 is considered to be the period of peshwa. During this period most of the peshwas have shown their political diplomacy and administrative skill. They brought glory to the Maratha power by defeating the enemies from south and North.
In the reign of Chattrapati Shahu Balaji Bajirao alias Nanasaheb Peshwa supposed to be the third Peshwa. In this era, he established vast empire which was never established before. During the span of 21 years Maratha had committed blunders. We find these blunders in the events o Raghuji Bhosale, Tulaji Angare and Panipat.
He was known as skilled administrator. He gave financial stability by adopting the economic policies of agriculture, industry and land revenue system. This research work sought to analyze the economic and administrative policies of Nanasaheb Peshwa.
In the history of Maratha’s, era of Peshwa has got immense importance. This era is considered to be the period of expansion of Maratha power. It began from 1713. It should be considered as revolution. Peshwai actually transformed from pingale dynasty to Bhat dynasty. Peshwa founded Pune as capital of Maratha. Pune has got importance, due to the peshwa. All the credit goes to peshwa dynasty. Educational, Social, Cultural, industrial development took, place due the the efforts of Peshwa. The Social life of Maharashtra was affected, due to the economic, Social, political and religious policies of peshwa. Generally the period of peshwai is considered from 1713 to 1818. During this period many peshwas showed diplomacy. They expanded the Maratha power. They established Maratha power in South & North India; with this point of view, it is necessary to study the policies implemented by the peshwa. Pune considered as cpital for political diplomacy of Peshwa. Nanasaheb Peshwa strengthened this capital with diplomatic way, instead of the power of sword.
While expanding the Maratha power they also gave rise for the new dynasty. They used Maratha soliders for the freedom and security of their own and established their strong Maratha power. They established power for the security, from north enemies like Nijam, Haidarali & Nawab. They also grabed one fourth part of their power. Even they also fought against Jat & Rajput in the north and brought glory to the Maratha power, so this period or era has got immense importance in the history of Maratha power. During this period it becomes essential to study the different facts of the personality of Nanasaheb Peshwa alias Balaji Bajirao. During the span of Nanasaheb Peshwa, expansion of Maratha power was so vast that never happened in the history of Maratha. He was skilled administrator than the solider. He was known as diplomatic in the history of Maratha power. The political power of Peshwa occupies twenty year of long period, which began for 1740-1761. During this span of 21 years Nanasaheb Peshwa acquired faith of chatrapathi Shahu. He attacked the four major provinces during the period of 1740-1748. These places were as following (1) Malwa (2) Bhelasa (3) Newai (4) Bengal.
The responsibilities of the North campaign was shouldered to his brother Raghunathrao Alias Raghobadada. During this expedition, Raghunathrao was assisted by many Maratha soliders like shinde and Holker. During the period of 1740-1748 queen Tarabai and Umatai Dabhade from Dabhade dynasty compplainted Against Nanasaheb Peshwa. Nanasaheb Peshwa was suspended from the position of Peshwa. After seeing the loyaiity of Nanasaheb, Chatrapati Shahu restored to him on the position of Peshwa. During this period he had also committed certain mistakes like destruction of military camps of Angre, betray with Raghuji Bhosle and the result was the rise of powerful British power. During this period, another important event took place and that was the third battle of Panipat. In this battle there were loss of human lives. Nanasaeb inherited the qualities of his if father but was lacking the qualities of warfare. He was diplomat, had quality to know others, and he was social so, he expanded the Maratha power from Delhi to shrirangpattanm and from Bengal to Gujarat. He was diplomatic. He signed pact with Sambhaji Second from Kolhapur and Chatrapati Shahu, because they had no sons for their dynasty. So wit adopton 1 point of view this pact has got immense importance. So, it is very essential to study the economic policies of Nanasaheb Peshwa han his political and social contribution. With above discussion researcher, Proposes to study facts of te economic policies and personality of Nanasaheb Peshwa with critical view.
Chapter II
Information and structure of revenue system in Nanasaheb Peshwa’s reign.
1st. 1740 to 1749 = 9 years
2nd. 1749 to 1761 = 12yesars
Total period consist of 21 years.
Power stability of second phase deals with his power of stability period.
Malikambers revenue system.
It deals with Impact of Malikambers revenue system on Shivaji Maharajs revenue system. Nanasaheb Peshwa – reorms of revenue system.
Pune Capital – He made Pune as Capital.
Plan the revenue system in 1758.
Land revenue parts
Revenue officers were appointed to take correct decisions.
Revenue Reformations were made in Kokan region. Even deserted land in Kokan region was brought under cultivation.
Desert Land (Konkan region)
Revenue rebate, tax, canal and tagai policy development economic factors city and increase in city market growth. Foreign businessmen were encouraged for trade and business. All the measures used to repay chh. Shahu’s loans. Reforms in- 1. Farming and revenue system after chh. Shivaji Maharaj Nanasaheb who was only a person reforms agrarian system. Flexible revenue system was Introduced
He help to disaster sufferers. He provided seeds. Pesticides fertilizers. He forms separate department to mitigate disputes. Opened Department of Fadnishi at Pune.
Chapter – III
1. About trade, trade on land, through sea, trade by the river.
Trade location was installed at west costal area. Mumbai, Surat, North costal area khambayat, south costal area, Bangal, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Vasai, Panvel, Kalyan, Bhivandi, Nanasaheb Peshwa small scale industry, war factory, industry related to farming. Vinkar industry, Timber industry, Metal industry, Hastidant industry, Potter, Gurhal industry, Jwellery industry, Gavashinga industry, Oil industry, ship making industry, Civil industry, Alchoholic industry, cloth & paper industry, Leather industry, Fishery, war weapon industry.
Nanasaheb Peshwa introduced Foreign trade policy to encourage trade and busenss. Industrial Trade Centre, Dabhol, Kalyan, Choul, Bhivandi, Rajapur, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg. Nanasaheb Peshwa’s internal trade centres and markets.
Tirthkshetra – Nashik, Paithan, Pandharpur.
Industry – Uewale, Solapur, Nagpur.
Trade Centre – Jounner, Nandurbar
Chapter IV
Chapter fourth deals with the policy about money lenders and credit society by Nanasaheb Peshwa. He brought control on financial policies. He was very skilled administrator and he took descison on financial matter with great care.
Chapter V
Chapter five deals with skilled administration of landlords and Nanasaheb Peshwa’s administrative policies for the uptlifment of society, His administrative body comprises of Holkar, Shinde, Dabhade and Gaikwad. He brought all administrative systems in single forum. He maintained all revenue with equal manner for the society. Chapter VI
After having gone through the above chapters we concludes that Nanasaheb Peshwa was skilled administrator and diplomat who adopted new economic and administrative policy for the welfare of the society. In his era, Maratha power was at appex because of his diplomacy. He also brought new revenue policies, small scale Industries and also foreign policy for trade. Battle of panipat was Nanasaheb Peshwa’s one political side besides that he has also structured administration in poona region and strengthed Maratha Kingdom. Within short span of his life, he achieved great success in administration and diplomatic affairs of his regime.
Dr. Gautam N. Dhale Assistant Professor, M.A. History, B.Ed., M.Phil.,Ph.D, SET. Smt. Gangabai Khivraj Ghodawat Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Jaysingpur