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A Ground Magnetic Survey of Kimberlite Intrusives in Elliott County, Kentucky

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A Ground Magnetic Survey of Kimberlite Intrusives in Elliott County, Kentucky Kentucky Geological Survey James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director University of Kentucky, Lexington A Ground Magnetic Survey of Kimberlite Intrusives in Elliott County, Kentucky John D. Calandra Thesis Series 2 Series XII, 2000 Kentucky Geological Survey James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director University of Kentucky, Lexington A Ground Magnetic Survey of Kimberlite Intrusives in Elliott County, Kentucky John D. Calandra On the cover: Photomicrographs of olivine phenoc- rysts: (top) a stressed first-generation olivine pheno- cryst and (bottom) a late-stage olivine phenocryst. Thesis Series 2 Series XII, 2000 i UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY Computer and Laboratory Services Section: Charles T. Wethington Jr., President Steven Cordiviola, Head Fitzgerald Bramwell, Vice President for Research and Richard E. Sergeant, Geologist IV Graduate Studies Joseph B. Dixon, Information Technology Manager I Jack Supplee, Director, Administrative Affairs, Research James M. McElhone, Information Systems Technical and Graduate Studies Support Specialist IV Henry E. Francis, Scientist II KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADVISORY Karen Cisler, Scientist I BOARD Jason S. Backus, Research Analyst Henry M. Morgan, Chair, Utica Steven R. Mock, Research Analyst Ron D. Gilkerson, Vice Chair, Lexington Tracy Sizemore, Research Analyst William W. Bowdy, Fort Thomas Steve Cawood, Frankfort GEOLOGICAL DIVISION Hugh B. Gabbard, Winchester Coal and Minerals Section: Kenneth Gibson, Madisonville Donald R. Chesnut Jr., Head Mark E. Gormley, Versailles Garland R. Dever Jr., Geologist V Rosanne Kruzich, Louisville Cortland F. Eble, Geologist V W.A. Mossbarger, Lexington Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Geologist V Jacqueline Swigart, Louisville David A. Williams, Geologist V, Henderson office John F. Tate, Bonnyman Stephen F. Greb, Geologist IV David A. Zegeer, Lexington William M. Andrews Jr., Geologist II Ralph N. Thomas, Emeritus Member, Owensboro Ernest E. Thacker, Geologist I George H. Warren Jr., Emeritus Member, Owensboro Geologic Mapping and Hydrocarbon Resources Section: KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY James A. Drahovzal, Head Warren H. Anderson, Geologist IV James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director David C. Harris, Geologist IV John D. Kiefer, Assistant State Geologist Brandon C. Nuttall, Geologist IV Donald C. Haney, State Geologist Emeritus Thomas N. Sparks, Geologist III ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Douglas C. Curl, Geologist II Personnel and Finance Section: John B. Hickman, Geologist II James L. Hamilton, Administrative Staff Officer II Steven L. Martin, Geologist II Jackie Silvers, Administrative Staff Officer I Jason A. Patton, Geologist II Clerical Section: Mark F. Thompson, Geologist I Amanda Long, Staff Support Associate II Anna E. Watson, Geologist I Jennifer Talley, Staff Support Associate I Xin-Yue Yang, Post-Doctoral Scholar Juanita G. Smith, Office Assistant, Henderson office R. Shawn Duncan, Geological Technician Michael P. Solis, Geological Technician Office of Communications and Technology Transfer: Carol L. Ruthven, Manager Water Resources Section: Margaret Luther Smath, Geologic Editor III James S. Dinger, Head Douglas W. Reynolds Jr., Geologist II, Communications Daniel I. Carey, Hydrologist V Coordinator for the Kentucky Board of Registration for R. Stephen Fisher, Hydrogeologist V Professional Geologists David R. Wunsch, Hydrogeologist V Terry D. Hounshell, Chief Cartographic Illustrator James C. Currens, Hydrogeologist IV Michael L. Murphy, Graphic Design Technician John F. Stickney, Hydrogeologist IV Collie Rulo, Graphic Design Technician Alex W. Fogle, Hydrologist III Shirley Davis Dawson, Staff Support Associate II Robert E. Andrews, Hydrogeologist II E. Glynn Beck, Hydrogeologist II, Henderson office Well Sample and Core Library: Dennis H. Cumbie, Hydrogeologist II Patrick J. Gooding, Manager Carlos M. Galcerán Jr., Hydrogeologist II Robert R. Daniel, Senior Laboratory Technician C. Douglas R. Graham, Hydrogeologist II Office of Geologic Information: Randall L. Paylor, Hydrogeologist II Bart Davidson, Manager Ron Counts, Geological Technician, Henderson office Richard A. Smath, Geologist II, Earth Science Information Gregory L. Secrist, Geological Technician Center Coordinator Steven E. Webb, Geological Technician William A. Briscoe III, Publication Sales Supervisor Geologic Hazards: Roger S. Banks, Account Clerk I Edward W. Woolery, Geologist IV Luanne Davis, Staff Support Associate II Theola L. Evans, Staff Support Associate I ii Contents Abstract 1 Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 Purpose 2 Location 2 Geologic Setting 2 Previous Work 5 Paleozoic Tectonic History and Principal Structures 8 Basement Complex 8 Lineament Survey 9 Field Study 9 Air Photos 13 LANDSAT Imagery 13 Results 13 Discussion 13 Petrography 19 Point-Count Analysis 19 Petrographic Descriptions 18 Laboratory Magnetic Measurements 25 Ground Magnetic Mapping Procedures 27 Collection of Data 27 Preparation of the Total Magnetic Intensity Map 29 Modeling and Interpretations 29 Preparation of Residual Total Magnetic Intensity Maps 29 The K1 Anomaly: Modeling 32 The K1 Anomaly: Interpretations 36 The K2 Anomaly 37 The K3 Anomaly 39 The K4 Anomaly 40 Summary of the K Area 42 The G1 Anomaly 43 The G2 Anomaly 48 The G3 Anomaly 50 The P1 Anomaly 52 The P2 Anomaly 53 Summary of the G and P Areas 55 Relation of Intrusives to Regional Structure and Theory of Emplacement 55 Age of Intrusives and Tectonic Framework During Time of Emplacement 65 Conclusions 68 References Cited 71 Appendix A: Positions of Total Magnetic Intensity Values 75 Appendix B: Computer Programs Used in Study 85 Map 1: Total Magnetic Intensity Map 90 Map 2: Index for Anomaly Maps and Distribution of Intrusive Models 91 iii FIGURES 1. Generalized map of study area 3 2. Generalized stratigraphic column for eastern Kentucky 4 3. Residual aeromagnetic intensity map 6 4. Map showing principal structural features of east-central and northeastern Kentucky 7 5. Gravity map for eastern Kentucky 10 6. Field sites with joint orientations 11 7. Contour diagram of equal area net showing the orientations of 75 joints in study area 12 8. Limits of area studied in aerial photos, and major structural elements within area 14 9. Lineament traces from air photos 15 10. Rose and cartesian diagrams for air photo lineament populations 16 11. Lineament traces from satellite imagery 17 12. Rose and cartesian diagrams for LANDSAT lineament populations 18 13. Location of survey lines and roads used to collect regional data 28 14. Interpolated position of total magnetic intensity contours used to define regional gradient in study area 30 15. Residual total intensity aeromagnetic map of Elliott County 31 16. Graphic illustration of removal of regional gradient 32 17. K1 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 32 18. K1 anomaly: computed residual intensity map with elevation corrections 33 19. K1 anomaly: observed profile and computed profile with elevation corrections along GG' 34 20. K1 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile with elevation corrections along GG' 35 21. K1 anomaly: computed residual intensity map without elevation corrections 36 22. K1 anomaly: observed profile and computed profile without elevation corrections along GG' 37 23. K2 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 38 24. K2 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 39 25. K2 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along JJ' 40 26. K2 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along JJ' 41 27. K3 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 42 28. K3 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 42 29. K3 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along GG' 43 30. K3 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along GG' 44 31. K4 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 45 32. K4 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 45 33. K4 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along EE' 46 34. K4 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along EE' 47 35. G1 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 48 36. G1 anomaly: computed residual intensity map for dike model 49 37. G1 anomaly: observed and computed profile for dike model along GG' 50 iv FIGURES (Continued) 38. G1 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile for dike model along HH' 51 39. G1 anomaly: computed residual intensity map for pipe model 52 40. G1 anomaly: observed and computed profile for pipe model along GG' 53 41. G2 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 54 42. G2 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 55 43. G2 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along JJ' 56 44. G2 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along JJ' 57 45. G3 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 58 46. G3 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 59 47. G3 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along AA' 60 48. G3 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along BB' 61 49. G3 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along AA' 62 50. G3 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along BB' 63 51. P1 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 64 52. P2 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 65 53. P1 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along GG' 66 54. P1 anomaly: model position, topographic expression, and computed profile along GG' 67 55. P2 anomaly: observed residual intensity map 68 56. P2 anomaly: computed residual intensity map 68 57. P2 anomaly: observed and computed profiles along JJ' 69 58. P2 anomaly: model position,
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