DOCSLIB.ORG

FULLTEXT01.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FULLTEXT01.Pdf ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter rörande Uppsala universitet C. ORGANISATION ocH HISTORIA 112 Editor: Ulf Göranson Peregrinatio medica Svenska medicinares studieresor i Europa 1600–1800 Bo S. Lindberg 2019 Bidrag till tryckningen har tacksamt mottagits från Maj och Lennart Lindgrens stiftelse för medicinhistorisk forskning vid Karolinska institutet och Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis © AUU och Bo S. Lindberg 2019 Layout: Martin Högvall, Grafisk service, Uppsala unversitet Huvudtexten satt med Berling Antikva Omslagsbild: Leiden vid 1600-talets mitt, se sid. 117. Försättsblad: Frederick de Wit, karta över Europa, tryckt i Amsterdam, slutet av 1600-talet (handkolorerat kopparstick), UUB. Eftersättsblad: Johann Matthias Hase, karta över Europa, tryckt i Nürnberg, 1743 (handkolorerat kopparstick), UUB. Distribution: Uppsala universitetsbibliotek Box 510, 751 20 Uppsala www.ub.uu.se [email protected] ISSN 0502-7454 ISBN 978-91-513-0546-2 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-371941 Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2019 Innehåll Inledning ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Grand Tour ............................................................................................................................ 9 Undersökningens källor ....................................................................................................... 11 Varför reste studenterna utomlands? ............................................................................ 13 Den medicinska undervisningen i Sverige på 1600- och 1700-talen ...... 13 Lärarnas egna peregrinationer .................................................................................... 15 Medicine doktorsgraden och numerus clausus .................................................. 15 Kirurgernas utbildning .................................................................................................. 16 Några skriftliga källor om peregrination ...................................................................... 19 Laurentius Gryllus ........................................................................................................... 19 Felix Platter ......................................................................................................................... 20 Thomas Bartholin ............................................................................................................ 21 Roland Martin .................................................................................................................... 22 Italien ............................................................................................................................................ 27 Padua ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Frankrike ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Angers .................................................................................................................................... 31 Montpellier ......................................................................................................................... 34 Caen ........................................................................................................................................ 35 Reims ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Paris ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Svenska medicinstudenter i Paris ....................................................................... 50 Strasbourg ............................................................................................................................ 58 Schweiz ........................................................................................................................................ 63 Basel ........................................................................................................................................ 63 Tyskland ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Berlin ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Erfurt ..................................................................................................................................... 68 Frankfurt an der Oder ................................................................................................... 68 Göttingen ............................................................................................................................. 69 Svenska medicinstudenter i Göttingen ........................................................... 71 Greifswald ........................................................................................................................... 75 Svenska medicinstudenter i Greifswald .......................................................... 75 Halle ....................................................................................................................................... 98 Giessen ............................................................................................................................... 100 Helmstedt ......................................................................................................................... 101 Hamburg ........................................................................................................................... 101 Jena ...................................................................................................................................... 102 Kiel ....................................................................................................................................... 103 Rostock .............................................................................................................................. 103 Wittenberg ....................................................................................................................... 107 Danmark ................................................................................................................................... 111 Köpenhamn ....................................................................................................................... 111 Nederländerna ........................................................................................................................ 113 Leiden .................................................................................................................................. 113 Svenska medicinstudenter i Leiden ................................................................ 116 Harderwijk ....................................................................................................................... 134 Svenska medicinare som disputerat i Harderwijk .................................. 135 Groningen ......................................................................................................................... 145 Franeker ............................................................................................................................. 145 Utrecht ............................................................................................................................... 146 England och Skottland ........................................................................................................ 151 London ................................................................................................................................ 151 Svenska medicinstudenter i London .............................................................. 152 Edinburgh ......................................................................................................................... 159 Sammanfattande statistik ................................................................................................ 163 Avslutande kommentarer ................................................................................................. 165 Olof Rudbecks peregrination och Uppsala universitet ............................... 165 Hur bekostades peregrinationerna? ...................................................................... 166 Religiösa motiv till val av studieort ...................................................................... 167 Peregrination för karriärens skull .......................................................................... 168 Fältskärernas eller kirurgernas peregrinationer .............................................. 169 Medicinarnas peregrinationer ................................................................................. 172 Tack ............................................................................................................................................. 175 Personregister ......................................................................................................................... 177 Inledning I den här boken kommer svenska studenters peregrinationer i Europa under 1600- och 1700-talen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Richard Bradley's Illicit Excursion Into Medical Practice in 1714
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PubMed Central RICHARD BRADLEY'S ILLICIT EXCURSION INTO MEDICAL PRACTICE IN 1714 by FRANK N. EGERTON III* INTRODUCTION The development of professional ethics, standards, practices, and safeguards for the physician in relation to society is as continuous a process as is the development of medicine itself. The Hippocratic Oath attests to the antiquity of the physician's concern for a responsible code of conduct, as the Hammurabi Code equally attests to the antiquity of society's demand that physicians bear the responsibility of reliable practice." The issues involved in medical ethics and standards will never be fully resolved as long as either medicine or society continue to change, and there is no prospect of either becoming static. Two contemporary illustrations will show the on-going nature of the problems of medical ethics. The first is a question currently receiving international attention and publicity: what safeguards are necessary before a person is declared dead enough for his organs to be transplanted into a living patient? The other illustration does not presently, as far as I know, arouse much concern among physicians: that medical students carry out some aspects of medical practice on charity wards without the patients being informed that these men are as yet still students. Both illustrations indicate, I think, that medical ethics and standards should be judged within their context. If and when a consensus is reached on the criteria of absolute death, the ethical dilemma will certainly be reduced, if not entirely resolved. If and when there is a favourable physician-patient ratio throughout the world and the economics of medical care cease to be a serious problem, then the relationship of medical students to charity patients may become subject to new consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Touching Anatomy: on the Handling of Preparations in the Anatomical Cabinets of Frederik Ruysch (1638E1731)
    University of Groningen Touching Anatomy. Knoeff, Rina Published in: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2015 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Knoeff, R. (2015). Touching Anatomy. On the Handling of Anatomical Preparations in the Anatomical Cabinets of Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731). Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, (1). Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
    [Show full text]
  • Listing People Author(S): James Delbourgo Reviewed Work(S): Source: Isis, Vol
    Listing People Author(s): James Delbourgo Reviewed work(s): Source: Isis, Vol. 103, No. 4 (December 2012), pp. 735-742 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669046 . Accessed: 08/02/2013 14:16 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and The History of Science Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Isis. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Fri, 8 Feb 2013 14:16:48 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions F O C U S Listing People By James Delbourgo* ABSTRACT Historians and commentators have long discussed tensions between specialist and lay expertise in the making of scientific knowledge. Such accounts have often described quarrels over the distribution of expertise in nineteenth-century “popular” and imperial sciences. The “crowdsourcing” of science on a global scale, however, arguably began in the early modern era. This essay examines the lists of specimen suppliers, the artifacts of a worldwide collecting campaign, published by the London apothecary James Petiver at the turn of the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions P.O
    Publisher of Journal of Herpetology, Herpetological Review, Herpetological Circulars, Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, and three series of books, Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, Contributions to Herpetology, and Herpetological Conservation Officers and Editors for 2015-2016 President AARON BAUER Department of Biology Villanova University Villanova, PA 19085, USA President-Elect RICK SHINE School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney, AUSTRALIA Secretary MARION PREEST Keck Science Department The Claremont Colleges Claremont, CA 91711, USA Treasurer ANN PATERSON Department of Natural Science Williams Baptist College Walnut Ridge, AR 72476, USA Publications Secretary BRECK BARTHOLOMEW Notice warning concerning copyright restrictions P.O. Box 58517 Salt Lake City, UT 84158, USA Immediate Past-President ROBERT ALDRIDGE Saint Louis University St Louis, MO 63013, USA Directors (Class and Category) ROBIN ANDREWS (2018 R) Virginia Polytechnic and State University, USA FRANK BURBRINK (2016 R) College of Staten Island, USA ALISON CREE (2016 Non-US) University of Otago, NEW ZEALAND TONY GAMBLE (2018 Mem. at-Large) University of Minnesota, USA LISA HAZARD (2016 R) Montclair State University, USA KIM LOVICH (2018 Cons) San Diego Zoo Global, USA EMILY TAYLOR (2018 R) California Polytechnic State University, USA GREGORY WATKINS-COLWELL (2016 R) Yale Peabody Mus. of Nat. Hist., USA Trustee GEORGE PISANI University of Kansas, USA Journal of Herpetology PAUL BARTELT, Co-Editor Waldorf College Forest City, IA 50436, USA TIFFANY
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Digital De La Selva Explicación Etimológica De Las Plantas De La
    Flora Digital De la Selva Organización para Estudios Tropicales Explicación Etimológica de las Plantas de La Selva J. González A Abarema: El nombre del género tiene su origen probablemente en el nombre vernáculo de Abarema filamentosa (Benth) Pittier, en América del Sur. Fam. Fabaceae. Abbreviata: Pequeña (Stemmadenia abbreviata/Apocynaceae). Abelmoschus: El nombre del género tiene su origen en la palabra árabe “abu-l-mosk”, que significa “padre del almizcle”, debido al olor característico de sus semillas. Fam. Malvaceae. Abruptum: Abrupto, que termina de manera brusca (Hymenophyllum abruptum/Hymenophyllaceae). Abscissum: Cortado o aserrado abruptamente, aludiendo en éste caso a los márgenes de las frondes (Asplenium abscissum/Aspleniaceae). Abuta: El nombre del género tiene su origen en el nombre vernáculo de Abuta rufescens Aubl., en La Guayana Francesa. Fam. Menispermaceae. Acacia: El nombre del género se deriva de la palabra griega acacie, de ace o acis, que significa “punta aguda”, aludiendo a las espinas que son típicas en las plantas del género. Fam. Fabaceae. Acalypha: El nombre del género se deriva de la palabra griega akalephes, un nombre antiguo usado para un tipo de ortiga, y que Carlos Linneo utilizó por la semejanza que poseen el follaje de ambas plantas. Fam. Euphorbiaceae. Acanthaceae: El nombre de la familia tiene su origen en el género Acanthus L., que en griego (acantho) significa espina. Acapulcensis: El nombre del epíteto alude a que la planta es originaria, o se publicó con material procedente de Acapulco, México (Eugenia acapulcensis/Myrtaceae). Achariaceae: El nombre de la familia tiene su origen en el género Acharia Thunb., que a su vez se deriva de las palabras griegas a- (negación), charis (gracia); “que no tiene gracia, desagradable”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Homoeomerous Parts and Their Replacement by Bichat'stissues
    Medical Historm, 1994, 38: 444-458. THE HOMOEOMEROUS PARTS AND THEIR REPLACEMENT BY BICHAT'S TISSUES by JOHN M. FORRESTER * Bichat (1801) developed a set of twenty-one distinguishable tissues into which the whole human body could be divided. ' This paper seeks to distinguish his set from its predecessor, the Homoeomerous Parts of the body, and to trace the transition from the one to the other. The earlier comparable set of distinguishable components of the body was the Homoeomerous Parts, a system founded according to Aristotle by Anaxagoras (about 500-428 BC),2 and covering not just the human body, or living bodies generally, as Bichat's tissues did, but the whole material world. "Empedocles says that fire and earth and the related bodies are elementary bodies of which all things are composed; but this Anaxagoras denies. His elements are the homoeomerous things (having parts like each other and like the whole of which they are parts), viz. flesh, bone and the like." A principal characteristic of a Homoeomerous Part is that it is indefinitely divisible without changing its properties; it can be chopped up very finely to divide it, but is not otherwise changed in the process. The parts are like each other and like the whole Part, but not actually identical. Limbs, in contrast, obviously do not qualify; they cannot be chopped into littler limbs. Aristotle starts his own explanation with the example of minerals: "By homoeomerous bodies I mean, for example, metallic substances (e.g. bronze, gold, silver, tin, iron, stone and similar materials and their by-products) ...;'3 and then goes on to biological materials: "and animal and vegetable tissues (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Anatomy and Clinical Medicine in 17Th-Century Europe by Rina Knoeff
    Dutch Anatomy and Clinical Medicine in 17th-Century Europe by Rina Knoeff The Leiden University medical faculty was famous in 17th-century Europe. Students came from all over Europe to sit at the feet of the well-known medical teachers Peter Paauw, Jan van Horne and Franciscus dele Boë Sylvius. Not only the lecture hall, but also the anatomical theatre as well as the hospital were important sites for medical instruction. The Dutch hands-on approach was unique and served as an example for the teaching courses of many early modern cen- tres of medical education. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Medicine in the 17th-Century Netherlands 2. Anatomy 1. Otto Heurnius and the Theatre of Wonder 2. Johannes van Horne and the Theatre of Learning 3. Govert Bidloo and the Theatre of Controversy 3. Clinical Teaching 4. Appendix 1. Bibliography 2. Notes Indices Citation Medicine in the 17th-Century Netherlands Until well into the 18th century Leiden University was an important stop on the peregrinatio medica, a medical tour to foreign countries undertaken by ambitious students from the late 12th century onwards (Leiden was particularly popular in the 17th and 18th centuries). The town of Leiden was an attractive place for students – it had excellent facilities for extracurricular activities such as theatre visits, pub crawls, horse riding and boating. The English student Thomas Nu- gent stated that Ÿ1 They [the students] wear no gowns, but swords and if they are matriculated they enjoy a great many privi- leges. Those that are above twenty years of age, have a turn of eighty shops of wine a year, and half a barrel of beer per month free of duty of excise.1 Unlike most universities, Leiden welcomed students of all religious affiliations and it was praised for its "great liberty, the freedom of thinking, speaking and believing".2 Additionally, the medical curriculum was significantly shorter than in other places, which more than compensated for Leiden's high living costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Frederik Ruysch and His Anatomical Collection
    FREDERIK RUYSCH AND HIS ANATOMICAL COLLECTION Электронная библиотека Музея антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН http://www.kunstkamera.ru/lib/rubrikator/08/08_04/978-5-88431-194-7/ © МАЭ РАН Preparations with Injected Vessels 1 Embryo Preparations 2 Ruysch’s “Cabinet” 3 The Art of Embalmment 4 Frederik Ruysch’s Technique 5 Frederik Ruysch and Albert Seba 11 Frederik Ruysch 13 34 Электронная библиотека Музея антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН http://www.kunstkamera.ru/lib/rubrikator/08/08_04/978-5-88431-194-7/ © МАЭ РАН FREDERIK RUYSCH Frederik Ruysch is often referred to as one of the most prominent researchers of his era. Due to his passion for anatomy and his art of dead bodies’ conservation techniques made a big leap forward. Before that, anatomists had always faced many problems related to the fact that dead bodies were decaying fast; and the need to hurry led to numerous mistakes during dissections and in descriptions. Frederik Ruysch (1638—1731) was born in The Hague in a civil servant’s family. He graduated from the University of Franeker where he studied to be a pharmacist. Later, when he already ran his own pharmacy, ▲ Skeleton of a two-headed, three-handed ▲ Child’s skeleton – a specimen newborn – a specimen from F. Ruysch’s from F. Ruysch’s collection collection on a stand that dates to late 17th century The anatomist mastered the art of preparing children’s skeletons in such a way so that The anatomist did not like to display freaks they remained bound by natural ligaments.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Endometriosis
    Central Medical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perspective *Corresponding author John L Yovich, PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia 6007, Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia; Cairns Fertility Centre, Cairns, The History of Endometriosis Queensland 4870, Australia, Email: [email protected]. au Submitted: 22 April 2020 Preceding Sampson Accepted: 08 May 2020 John L Yovich* Published: 09 May 2020 PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, Curtin University, Australia ISSN: 2333-6439 Copyright Abstract © 2020 Yovich JL Until recently historical reports concerning endometriosis begin with the 1860 publication by OPEN ACCESS the pathologist Rokitansky when he described “benign sarcoma” describing three phenotypes in the uterus among some of the females of his many thousands of autopsies performed in Vienna. Keywords The defining of adenomyosis, then endometriosis improved with ensuing pathologists providing • Endometriosis better descriptions brought about by the addition of improved microscopy for histological • Adenomyosis examinations introduced by Rudolf Virchow, Hans Chiari and Friederich von Recklinghausen, as • Hysteria well as advanced tissue specimen preparation, especially using the microtome with diamond • Suffocation of the womb cutting blades, used by William Welch, Robert Myer and Thomas Cullen at the Johns Hopkins • Strangulation of the womb Hospital in Baltimore, USA. So too did John Sampson continue with those advanced pathology • Demonic possession methods when he moved from the former location to Albany in New York. Of all those revered • History of endometriosis professors, only Cullen and Sampson were physicians, actually highly capable surgeons with a • Witchcraft strong interest in gynecology, and who focused their pathology reports on trying to explain the patient’s symptomatology and correlate their live operative findings.
    [Show full text]
  • Hendriksen Thesis A
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20301 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Hendriksen, Marieke Maria Anna Title: Aesthesis in anatomy. Materiality and elegance in the Eighteenth-Century Leiden Anatomical Collections Issue Date: 2012-12-18 Appendix I Making a preparation1 Ever since the start of my research on the Leiden historical anatomical collections in 2008, I had been wondering about the experience of making a preparation. Given the often miniscule details of the preparations, it seemed difficult to me, and that hunch was confirmed by historical anatomical handbooks, as we have seen for example in chapter 2. Yet these confirmations from historical sources were not entirely satisfying. I kept wondering what it would be like to attend or to perform a dissection, and even more, how it would be to make a preparation. After all, anatomical handbooks like Pole’s 1790 Anatomical Instructor do provide some instructions and guidelines, but also stress the impossibility of learning such tacit somatic skills from a book.2 Obviously, I am not the only historian longing for a more hands-on experience of her topic. As the historian Karin Dannehl has pointed out recently, ‘living history’, in the form of re-enactments, hands-on experience, and handling sessions can be helpful tools in understanding historical objects and practices. When dealing with material culture, she suggests, many gains may be had from using sensual knowledge.3 Dannehl does not specify what those ‘many gains’ might be, but I imagined understanding, and possibly even making explicit tacit knowledge would be possibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scholarly Atlantic Circuits of Knowledge Between Britain, the Dutch Republic and the Americas in the Eighteenth Century
    The Scholarly Atlantic Circuits of Knowledge between Britain, the Dutch Republic and the Americas in the Eighteenth Century Karel Davids On 30 August 1735, Johan Frederik Gronovius in Leiden wrote to his friend and fellow-naturalist Richard Richardson in Bierley, England, “You will remember that at the time you arrived here in town, you met at Mr. Lawson’s a gentleman from Sweden, that went the same night to Amsterdam, where he is printing his Bibliothecam Botanicam. His name is Carolus Linnaeus.” Gronovius went on to praise Linnaeus’ singular learning “in all parts of natural history” and the excellent qualities of his new taxonomy of minerals, plants and animals. Gronovius predicted that “all the world” would especially be “much pleased” with his “Botanic Table,” although he expected that it would take time “before one can know the right use,” and it might thus “be rejected” by those who would not be prepared to devote some time to study it.1 Gronovius himself was so impressed by the significance of Linnaeus’ achievement that he not only helped to see several of works of Linnaeus through the press in the Netherlands but also decided to reorder a survey of the “plants, fruits, and trees native to Virginia” sent to him in manuscript by John Clayton of Virginia shortly before, according to Linnaeus’ system of classification, and publish it as the Flora Virginica in 1739/1743. This was the first comprehensive overview of the flora in this British American colony to appear anywhere.2 The story of Gronovius, Linnaeus and the Flora Virginica illustrates the main theme of this essay, namely the increasing connectedness between circuits of knowledge in the North Atlantic in the eighteenth century and the prominent role of actors in the Dutch Republic in the emergence and evolu- tion of these networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Frederik Ruysch and His Repository of Curiosities
    FREDERIK RUYSCH AND HIS REPOSITORY OF CURIOSITIES By Peter Douglas Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731) was a Dutch anatomist and a pioneer in the techniques of preserving organs and tissue. He was born in Den Haag and studied medicine at the University of Leiden, obtaining his medical doctorate in 1664. His main interest was anatomy, which has been his passion since youth, when he would ask gravediggers to open graves so that he could make anatomical investigations. In 1666 he became “praelector” of anatomy for the surgeon’s guild in Amsterdam, and held many other posts in this field. Ruysch studied the art of making anatomical preparations in the laboratory of Johannes van Horne. In addition to his medical and scientific contributions, Ruysch was the first great exponent of the anatomical specimen. He specialized in the construction of artistic arrangements of his material. In several rented houses in Amsterdam he set up his own museum and visitors from all over Europe came to marvel at his “repository of curiosities” and the museum became a major attraction. As Amsterdam’s chief instructor of midwives and “legal doctor” to the court, Ruysch had ample access to the bodies of stillborns and dead infants, using them without consent to create extraordinary multi- specimen scenes. Among the bizarre displays were a number of dioramas assembled from body parts and fetal skeletons. Some of these were captured in meticulous detail by the engraver FREDERIK RUYSCH AND HIS REPOSITORY OF CURIOSITIES Cornelius Huyberts. These engravings were inserted as fold-outs in various early 18th century editions of Ruych’s works.
    [Show full text]