Understanding Endometriosis
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Richard Bradley's Illicit Excursion Into Medical Practice in 1714
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PubMed Central RICHARD BRADLEY'S ILLICIT EXCURSION INTO MEDICAL PRACTICE IN 1714 by FRANK N. EGERTON III* INTRODUCTION The development of professional ethics, standards, practices, and safeguards for the physician in relation to society is as continuous a process as is the development of medicine itself. The Hippocratic Oath attests to the antiquity of the physician's concern for a responsible code of conduct, as the Hammurabi Code equally attests to the antiquity of society's demand that physicians bear the responsibility of reliable practice." The issues involved in medical ethics and standards will never be fully resolved as long as either medicine or society continue to change, and there is no prospect of either becoming static. Two contemporary illustrations will show the on-going nature of the problems of medical ethics. The first is a question currently receiving international attention and publicity: what safeguards are necessary before a person is declared dead enough for his organs to be transplanted into a living patient? The other illustration does not presently, as far as I know, arouse much concern among physicians: that medical students carry out some aspects of medical practice on charity wards without the patients being informed that these men are as yet still students. Both illustrations indicate, I think, that medical ethics and standards should be judged within their context. If and when a consensus is reached on the criteria of absolute death, the ethical dilemma will certainly be reduced, if not entirely resolved. If and when there is a favourable physician-patient ratio throughout the world and the economics of medical care cease to be a serious problem, then the relationship of medical students to charity patients may become subject to new consideration. -
Structure and Gestalt Linguistic & Literary Studies in Eastern Europe (Llsee)
STRUCTURE AND GESTALT LINGUISTIC & LITERARY STUDIES IN EASTERN EUROPE (LLSEE) The emphasis of this scholarly series is on recent developments in Linguistic and Literary Research in Eastern Europe; it includes analyses, translations and syntheses of current research as well as studies in the history of linguistic and literary scholarship. Founding Editor: John Odmark t Volume 7 edited by Barry Smith Structure and Gestalt: Philosophy and literature in Austria-Hungary and her successor states STRUCTURE AND GESTALT : Philosophy and Literature in Austria-Hungary and her successor states edited by BARRY SMITH University of Manchester AMSTERDAM / JOHN BENJAMINS B.V. 1981 ©Copyright 1981 — John Benjamins B.V. ISSN 0165 7712 / ISBN 90 272 1510 3 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. PREFACE The majority of the papers in the present volume were presented at, or prepared in conjunction with, meetings of the Seminar for Austro-German Philosophy, a group of philosophers interested in the work of Brentano and Husserl and of the various thinkers who fell under their influence. One long-standing concern of the Seminar has been to trace the origins of present-day structuralism and related move ments in the thought of nineteenth-century central Europe. This task has been admirably performed by Elmar Holenstein for the specific connections between Husserl and Jakobson and the Moscow and Prague Linguistic Circles (see the bibliography to Holenstein's paper below). But the (broadly) structuralist currents exhibited in, for example, the work of Meinong's Grazer Schule and, before that, in the writings of Herbart, Bolzano and Zimmermann, in the early psycho logical writings of Ehrenfels, or in the works of Austrian economists and political theorists, art historians and novelists, have remained almost wholly unexplored. -
Meduni Wien Imagebroschuere
We shape the future Key numbers IN THE TOP 100 worldwide in the medicine category of leading university rankings 8,000 students outpatient treatments annually at Vienna General Hospital 5,750 employees operations annually, including 750 transplants Doing everything to support health Founded in 1365 as the medical faculty of the University of Vienna and made an independent university in 2004, today MedUni Vienna is among Europe’s most highly respected centres of medical training and research. 2 Focused programmes of study MedUni Vienna has an educational offering that ranges from undergraduate degrees to continuing education courses and PhD programmes. MEDICINE DEGREE DENTISTRY DEGREE PROGRAMME PROGRAMME MEDICAL INFORMATICS PHD PROGRAMMES MASTER’S PROGRAMME POSTGRADUATE APPLIED MEDICAL CONTINUING SCIENCE DOCTORAL EDUCATION COURSES PROGRAMME AND CERTIFICATE COURSES Measurable success Since its establishment as an independent university in 2004, research output has grown at MedUni Vienna. This can be seen in the university’s consistent upward progress in significant rankings including the US News Best Global Universities Rankings and the QS World University Rankings. 3 Gerard van Swieten Carl von Rokitansky Josef Skoda Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis Karl Landsteiner Róbert Bárány 4 City of Medicine Medical pioneers: the Vienna School of Medicine Modern medicine was born in the theories of Ignaz Philipp Jewish heritage or dissident Vienna. Gerard van Swieten, Semmelweis in clinical practice thinkers, and were murdered, personal physician to Empress for the first time anywhere in expelled or forced to flee by Maria Theresa, introduced bed- the world. In the 20th century, the National Socialist regime side teaching into medical edu- Karl Landsteiner and Róbert – among them Sigmund Freud, cation in the 18th century. -
Chiari Malformation by Ryan W Y Lee MD (Dr
Chiari malformation By Ryan W Y Lee MD (Dr. Lee of Shriners Hospitals for Children in Honolulu and the John A Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.) Originally released August 8, 1994; last updated March 9, 2017; expires March 9, 2020 Introduction This article includes discussion of Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari deformity, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. The foregoing terms may include synonyms, similar disorders, variations in usage, and abbreviations. Overview Chiari malformation describes a group of structural defects of the cerebellum, characterized by brain tissue protruding into the spinal canal. Chiari malformations are often associated with myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus, syringomyelia, and tethered cord syndrome. Although studies of etiology are few, an increasing number of specific genetic syndromes are found to be associated with Chiari malformations. Management primarily targets supportive care and neurosurgical intervention when necessary. Renewed effort to address current deficits in Chiari research involves work groups targeted at pathophysiology, symptoms and diagnosis, engineering and imaging analysis, treatment, pediatric issues, and related conditions. In this article, the author discusses the many aspects of diagnosis and management of Chiari malformation. Key points • Chiari malformation describes a group of structural defects of the cerebellum, characterized by brain tissue protruding into the spinal canal. • Chiari malformations are often associated -
Touching Anatomy: on the Handling of Preparations in the Anatomical Cabinets of Frederik Ruysch (1638E1731)
University of Groningen Touching Anatomy. Knoeff, Rina Published in: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2015 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Knoeff, R. (2015). Touching Anatomy. On the Handling of Anatomical Preparations in the Anatomical Cabinets of Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731). Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, (1). Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. -
Chiari Type II Malformation: Past, Present, and Future
Neurosurg Focus 16 (2):Article 5, 2004, Click here to return to Table of Contents Chiari Type II malformation: past, present, and future KEVIN L. STEVENSON, M.D. Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia Object. The Chiari Type II malformation (CM II) is a unique hindbrain herniation found only in patients with myelomeningocele and is the leading cause of death in these individuals younger than 2 years of age. Several theories exist as to its embryological evolution and recently new theories are emerging as to its treatment and possible preven- tion. A thorough understanding of the embryology, anatomy, symptomatology, and surgical treatment is necessary to care optimally for children with myelomeningocele and prevent significant morbidity and mortality. Methods. A review of the literature was used to summarize the clinically pertinent features of the CM II, with par- ticular attention to pitfalls in diagnosis and surgical treatment. Conclusions. Any child with CM II can present as a neurosurgical emergency. Expeditious and knowledgeable eval- uation and prompt surgical decompression of the hindbrain can prevent serious morbidity and mortality in the patient with myelomeningocele, especially those younger than 2 years old. Symptomatic CM II in the older child often pre- sents with more subtle findings but rarely in acute crisis. Understanding of CM II continues to change as innovative techniques are applied to this challenging patient population. KEY WORDS • Chiari Type II malformation • myelomeningocele • pediatric The CM II is uniquely associated with myelomeningo- four distinct forms of the malformation, including the cele and is found only in this population. Originally de- Type II malformation that he found exclusively in patients scribed by Hans Chiari in 1891, symptomatic CM II ac- with myelomeningocele. -
Listing People Author(S): James Delbourgo Reviewed Work(S): Source: Isis, Vol
Listing People Author(s): James Delbourgo Reviewed work(s): Source: Isis, Vol. 103, No. 4 (December 2012), pp. 735-742 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669046 . Accessed: 08/02/2013 14:16 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and The History of Science Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Isis. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Fri, 8 Feb 2013 14:16:48 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions F O C U S Listing People By James Delbourgo* ABSTRACT Historians and commentators have long discussed tensions between specialist and lay expertise in the making of scientific knowledge. Such accounts have often described quarrels over the distribution of expertise in nineteenth-century “popular” and imperial sciences. The “crowdsourcing” of science on a global scale, however, arguably began in the early modern era. This essay examines the lists of specimen suppliers, the artifacts of a worldwide collecting campaign, published by the London apothecary James Petiver at the turn of the eighteenth century. -
Chiari Malformations May 2011:Layout 1
A fact sheet for patients and carers Chiari malformations This fact sheet provides information on Chiari malformations. It focuses on Chiari malformations in adults. Our fact sheets are designed as general introductions to each subject and are intended to be concise. Sources of further support and more detailed information are listed in the Useful Contacts section. Each person is affected differently by Chiari malformations and you should speak with your doctor or specialist for individual advice. What is a Chiari malformation? A Chiari malformation is when part of the cerebellum, or part of the cerebellum and part of the brainstem, has descended below the foramen magnum (an opening at the base of the skull). The cerebellum is the lowermost part of the brain, responsible for controlling balance and co-ordinating movement. The brainstem is the part of the brain that extends into the spinal cord. Usually the cerebellum and parts of the brainstem are located in a space within the skull above the foramen magnum. If this space is abnormally small, the cerebellum and brainstem can be pushed down towards the top of the spine. This can cause pressure at the base of the brain and block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to and from the brain. Chiari malformations are named after Hans Chiari, the pathologist who first described them. Chiari malformations are sometimes referred to as Arnold-Chiari malformations (this name usually refers specifically to Type II Chiari malformations; see below). Another term sometimes used is hindbrain hernia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colourless fluid that surrounds the brain and spine. -
And His Studies on Clinical and Pathological Anatomy of Ocular Cancer
IJAE Vol. 123, n. 2: 179-186, 2018 ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY Research Article - History of Anatomy and Embryology Karl Stellwag von Carion (1823-1904) and his studies on clinical and pathological anatomy of ocular cancer Konstantinos Laios1, Efstathia Lagiou2, Maria Piagkou3, George Kitsos4, Marilita M. Moschos5,6 1Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 2Medical School, University of Patras 3Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 4Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Ioannina 51st Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 6Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens Abstract Karl Stellwag von Carion (1823-1904) was a very important figure of European ophthalmolo- gy during the 19th century. Besides his other contributions in ophthalmology such as ‘Stellwag sign’, coining the term ‘ectopia lentis’ for lens dislocation and fundamental studies on glauco- ma, refraction, accommodation and light polarization, his studies on ocular cancer were very significant but not highlighted by modern research. Key words Karl Stellwag von Carion, ocular cancer, glioma, melanoma, pathological anatomy of ocular dis- eases. Introduction Karl Stellwag von Carion (1823-1904) was born in Vienna. He studied medicine in Prague and Vienna and in 1847 he received his doctoral degree in medicine and, the same year, his license as surgeon in Vienna. In 1847 he started his internship in ophthalmology in Vienna General Hospital until 1851. In 1854 he was elected Dozent (lecture) in ophthalmology at the university of Vienna and Josephs-Akademie and in 1857 he received the title of ‘Professor extraordinarius’ of ophthalmology in the same university. -
Urban Developments in the Time Of
Urban Developments in the Time of Cholera: Vienna 1830-1850 by Ernst Visser Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Pr. Karl Hall Second Reader: Pr. Markian Prokopovych CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2011 Copyright Notice Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European University Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with these instructions may not be made without the written permission of the author. CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract The role of cholera epidemics in the urban development of Vienna between 1830 and 1850 is the main topic of this thesis. Especially the relationship between medical theory, development of urban infrastructure and the organization of scientific organizations is analyzed. I argue that the importance of medical theory was to a significant extent associated with economic interests, from the perspective of state and municipal authorities. Whereas in the 1830’s sanitary cordons were raised all over Europe, on a very large scale, to thwart the spread of cholera and thereby protect the economic category ‘population’, by 1850 this trend was changing. Sanitary cordons were erected in much smaller ‘pathological spaces’, particularly in urban environments. The concomitant urban developments resulting from especially miasmatic theories on disease fostered particular urban public policy projects, such as canalization, the increase of fresh-water supply and the realization that overcrowded residential areas were both a social and a medical problem. -
A Doctoral Thesis Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital
THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHIARI MALFORMATION TYPE I WITH RESPECT TO STATIC AND PULSATILE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE RADEK FRIČ A doctoral thesis Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet Oslo, Norway 2017 © Radek Frič, 2017 Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo ISBN 978-82-8377-141-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Cover: Hanne Baadsgaard Utigard. Print production: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo. CONTENTS Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………..7 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 8 List of original publications ....................................................................................................... 9 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 History ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Etiology of CMI .............................................................................................................. 16 1.4 Epidemiology of CMI .................................................................................................... -
Notice Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions P.O
Publisher of Journal of Herpetology, Herpetological Review, Herpetological Circulars, Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, and three series of books, Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, Contributions to Herpetology, and Herpetological Conservation Officers and Editors for 2015-2016 President AARON BAUER Department of Biology Villanova University Villanova, PA 19085, USA President-Elect RICK SHINE School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney, AUSTRALIA Secretary MARION PREEST Keck Science Department The Claremont Colleges Claremont, CA 91711, USA Treasurer ANN PATERSON Department of Natural Science Williams Baptist College Walnut Ridge, AR 72476, USA Publications Secretary BRECK BARTHOLOMEW Notice warning concerning copyright restrictions P.O. Box 58517 Salt Lake City, UT 84158, USA Immediate Past-President ROBERT ALDRIDGE Saint Louis University St Louis, MO 63013, USA Directors (Class and Category) ROBIN ANDREWS (2018 R) Virginia Polytechnic and State University, USA FRANK BURBRINK (2016 R) College of Staten Island, USA ALISON CREE (2016 Non-US) University of Otago, NEW ZEALAND TONY GAMBLE (2018 Mem. at-Large) University of Minnesota, USA LISA HAZARD (2016 R) Montclair State University, USA KIM LOVICH (2018 Cons) San Diego Zoo Global, USA EMILY TAYLOR (2018 R) California Polytechnic State University, USA GREGORY WATKINS-COLWELL (2016 R) Yale Peabody Mus. of Nat. Hist., USA Trustee GEORGE PISANI University of Kansas, USA Journal of Herpetology PAUL BARTELT, Co-Editor Waldorf College Forest City, IA 50436, USA TIFFANY