Orologists Will Be in Attendance. It Is Both Important and Desirable That

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Orologists Will Be in Attendance. It Is Both Important and Desirable That orologists will be in attendance. A. Fleming, General Secretary, Am- It is both important and desirable erican Geophysical Union, Depart- that American meteorologists assume ment of Terrestrial Magnetism, 5241 their full share in contributing to the Broad Branch Road, N. W., Washing- expenses of this meeting. I should ton, D. C., or, if preferred, they may like therefore to appeal to all mem- be sent direct to the undersigned.— bers of the American Meteorological W. R. Gregg. Member, Finance Com- Society to have a part in this note- mittee, American Geophysical Union, worthy undertaking. Contributions, (c/o U. S. Weather Bureau, Washing- or pledges, should be sent to Dr. John ton) . The Terms of Meisinger Award Announced The committee on the Meisinger ments of contestants, preference will Aerological Research Fund award, be given, other things being approx- appointed by President Gregg, in imately equal, to meritorious efforts of the younger students and workers in accordance with a vote of the Council, meteorology. announces the following terms gov- 3. Studies having for their purpose erning an award from the income of the application of free-air data to the Meisinger Fund:— forecasting problems are specially recommended, this being the line along "That the Society make an award which Dr. Meisinger was principally of $100 or awards totalling at least this amount, together with suitable engaged; but any other topics in the certificates or plaques, under the Mei- field of aerology are admissible. singer Aerological Research Fund at 4. The committee will consider dis- the Annual Meeting in December 1938 cussions of aerological subjects pre- for one or more particularly meritori- sented at a meeting of a scientific so- ous and outstanding research con- ciety or published. tributions in aerology, either theo- 5. The period in which these papers retical or applied. shall have been presented or published "The following terms and conditions must be that from December 27, 1937' are stipulated: to November 30, 1938, inclusive. 1. The award is open only to citizens C. F. Brooks, chairman of countries in the Western Hemi- W. R. Gregg, ex-officio sphere. D. M. Little 2. Although no restrictions are E. J. Minser named as to age or scientific attain- C.-G. Rossby (Committee.) 4 Bibliography Prepared by Mr. Richmond T. Zoch, Librarian, U. S. Weather Bureau (Continued from Oct. 1937, BULLETIN, p. SUU) QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL a contribution, pp. 85-95.—A. Walter: The METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, v. 6U, no. 273, climate of British East Africa, pp. 97-116.— January, 193S: Editorial, pp. 1-2B.—T. E. W. R. H. Weightman : The cyclone series in the Schumann: The theory of hailstone forma- Caribbean Sea, October 17-24, 1935, pp. 117- tion, pp. 3-21.—I. D. Margary: Report on the 119.—v. <U, no. 275, April, 1938: F. J. W. phenological observations in the British Isles Whipple: Modern views on atmospheric elec- from December, 1935, to November, 1936, pp. tricity, pp. 199-213.—E. W. Barlow and S. 21-22— H. Fairfield Smith: Report of a pre- Chapman: The auroral display of January liminary statistical investigation of flowering 25-26, 1938, pp. 215-221.—G. S. Callendar: The dates of plants recorded in the Phenological artificial production of carbon dioxide and its Reports of the Royal Meteorological Society, influence on temperature, pp. 223-240.—R. A. pp. 23-46.—C. W. B. Normand: On instab- Hamilton: The Oxford expedition to North ility from water vapour, pp. 47-70.—C. W. B. East Land, 1935-36. General meteorology, pp. Normand: Kinetic energy liberated in an 241-252.—G -Manley: Meteorological observa- unstable layer, pp. 71-74.—C. S. Durst and R. tions of the British East Greenland Expedition, C. Sutcliffe: The importance of vertical mo- 1935-36, at Kangerdlugssuak, 68° lo' N, 31° 44' tion in the development of tropical revolving W, pp. 253-276.—R. M. Poulter: Cloud fore- storms, pp. 75-84.—C. J. Boyden: The mech- casting: the daily use of the tephigram, pp. anics of the depression: Some criticisms and 277-292.—S. K. Banerji: Does thunderstorm Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 08:32 PM UTC rain play any part in the replenishment of the Kans., 1935-36, pp. 388-92.—J. H. Gallenne: earth's negative charge? pp. 293-299.—J. Disturbance in the Gulf of Mexico, November Bjerknes: Saturated-adiabetic ascent of air 23-26, 1937, pp. 392-3.—Bibliog., obs. and through dry-adiabatically descending environ- tables, pp. 398-410.—December, 1937: W. R. ment, pp. 325-330.—R. Bureau: Centres of Gregg and I. R. Tannehill: International thunderstorms and "centres" of sources of at- standard profections for meteorolopical charts, mospherics, pp. 331-335. pp. 411-15.—Irving F. Hand: Review of United States Weather Bureau solar radiation inves- MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW, August, tibations, pp. 415-41.—E. H. Fletcher: Floods 1937: Raymond Price and Robert B. Evans: in the Sacramento Valley, Calif., December Climate of the West Front of the Wasatch Pla- 1937, pp. 441-44.—J. P. Kohler: Preliminary teau in Central Utah, pp. 291-301.—Edgar W. report on tornadoes in the United States dur- Woolard: The geometric theory of halos, V, ing 1937, pp. 445-6.—Willis E. Hurd: North pp. 301-2.—Willis E. Hurd: Tropical disturb- Atlantic tropical disturbances of 1937, p. 446. ances on the North Atlantic Ocean, August, —Bibliog., obs. and tables, pp. 447-68.— 1937, pp. 303-4.—Bibliog., obs. and tables, p. January, 1938: Richmond T. Zoch: A brief 304-321.— September, 1937: Elsasser, W. M.: list of works on meteorology, pp. 1-3.—B. C. On some properties of the water-vapor spec- Haynes: Upper wind forecasting, pp. 4-6.— trum and their relations to atmospheric ra- Adalberto Serra and Leandro Ratisbonna: Air diation, pp. 323-326.—William H. Wenstrom: masses of southern Brazil, pp. 6-8.—R. J. On pilot balloons and sources of light for high Martin: Duststorms of May-December 1937 altitude upper-wind observations, pp. 326-331. in the United States, pp. 9-12.—J. P. Kohler : —Willis E. Hurd: Tropical disturbances on Weather of 1937 in the United States, pp. 12- the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of 14.—George W. Mindling : Note on early tor- Mexico, September 1937, pp. 332-335.—Pat J. nadoes in Georgia, p. 14.—Bibliog., obs. and Harney: Note on H. C. Huang's Investigations tables, pp. 15-33 .—February, 1938: W. J. of Frontogenesis in the North Pacific, pp. Humphreys: Springs that mysteriously ebb 335-37.—Charles M. Lennahan: Monthly ob- and flow, p. 35.—Bertram E. Hall: Geography served sunspot relative numbers for the pe- and rainfall of the Nebraska sandhills, pp. riod 1920-26, inclusive, p. 338 — Bibliog., obs. 36-38.—Giles Slocum: The normal temperature and tables, pp. 338-57.—October, 1937: Herbert distribution of the surface water of the west- Lyman: Serial numbers of weather bureau ern North Atlantic Ocean, pp. 39-43.—Charles publications, pp. 359-63.—Charles M. Heck: M. Lennahan: The effect of the magnetic Preliminary report on observations of air cells storm, January 22-26, 1938, on telegraphic in snowflakes and in other forms of ice, p. transmission, p. 43.—Willis E. Hurd: Auroras 364.—Thomas R. Reed: Further observations of January 21-22 and 25-26, 1938, pp. 43-44.— on the North American high-level anticyclone, Bibliog., obs. and tables, pp. 44-62.—March, pp. 364-66.—Bibliog., obs. and tables, pp. 1938: Horace R. Byers : On the thermodyna- 367-83.—November, 1937: Willis R. Gregg: Ad- mic interpretation of isentropic charts, pp. vances in international meteorology in 1936 63-68.—W. R. Stevens: Relation of pressure and 1937, pp. 385-387.—W. J. Humphreys: tendencies to cyclones and fronts, pp, 68-70.— A curious photographic cloud effect, pp. 387. Earl C. Thom: Temperature changes in North —A. D. Robb: Comparison of temperatures and South Carolina, pp. 70-73.—Bibliog., obs. from roof and ground exposures at Topeka, and tables, pp. 74-91. (To be c -4{ Corrigenda March, 1938, BULLETIN, p. 125, in heaters in use were designed as 2nd paragraph of the note on "Orchard smudge pots, at a time when smoke was considered desirable, so the Heating .. .", last line, for "$60,000" smudge nuisance is now acute when- read instead "$60,000,000". This er- ever there is a succession of cold ratum gave an unfortunately errone- nights". ous impression, in regard to which J. March, 1938, BULLETIN, p. 109, the B. Kincer writes: aerological data on which the curves "In fact 'smudging' was discarded in Figures 1 and 2 are drawn was in- years ago instead of the growers correctly copied or transmitted. The "gradually adopting heating". During following significant points should be the 1937 freeze about 82 million gal- lons of oil were burned, costing$4,000,- changed or inserted: in Fig. 1, Fair- 000 for the oil alone. With a saving banks ascent, at 1050 m the tempera- of only $60,000 as published, this ture was —4°, at 1450 m —4°, at would certainly be a 'losing game'. As 2550 m —10°; the Miami ascent, at a matter of fact the saving was ac- tually several times the cost of the 3420 m should be 3°; the Fort Smith entire operation, including that of the ascent at 2350 m was —24°, and at oil." 3500 m —28°. In Fig. 2, Omaha as- However in regard to smudging vs cent, at 3380 m the specific humidity heating, F. A. Brooks of the Califor- nia Agric. Experiment Station, writes was 2.1 g. that: "Unfortunately, most of the Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 08:32 PM UTC.
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE for RESEARCH in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
    2015 Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2015 annual report University of Colorado Boulder UCB 216 Boulder, CO 80309-0216 COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES University of Colorado Boulder 216 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0216 303-492-1143 [email protected] http://cires.colorado.edu CIRES Director Waleed Abdalati Annual Report Staff Katy Human, Director of Communications, Editor Susan Lynds and Karin Vergoth, Editing Robin L. Strelow, Designer Agreement No. NA12OAR4320137 Cover photo: Mt. Cook in the Southern Alps, West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island Birgit Hassler, CIRES/NOAA table of contents Executive summary & research highlights 2 project reports 82 From the Director 2 Air Quality in a Changing Climate 83 CIRES: Science in Service to Society 3 Climate Forcing, Feedbacks, and Analysis 86 This is CIRES 6 Earth System Dynamics, Variability, and Change 94 Organization 7 Management and Exploitation of Geophysical Data 105 Council of Fellows 8 Regional Sciences and Applications 115 Governance 9 Scientific Outreach and Education 117 Finance 10 Space Weather Understanding and Prediction 120 Active NOAA Awards 11 Stratospheric Processes and Trends 124 Systems and Prediction Models Development 129 People & Programs 14 CIRES Starts with People 14 Appendices 136 Fellows 15 Table of Contents 136 CIRES Centers 50 Publications by the Numbers 136 Center for Limnology 50 Publications 137 Center for Science and Technology
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Authors Cited
    Index of Authors Cited Aagard, K. 641 Alford, J.J. 308 Apostolov, E.M. 665 Abbe, C. 226 Alissow, B.P. 226 Apps, M.J. 459 Abbs, D.J. 153 Aliu, Y.O. 164 Arakawa, H. 21, 114, 125, 260 Aber, J.D. 523 Allaby, M. 657 Arendt, A.A. 643 Abercromby, R. 703 Allan, R. 587 Arens, E. 164 Aberson, S.D. 243 Alldredge, L.R. 699 Arimoto, R. 6 Acevedo, O.C. 685 Allen, C.D. 177 Arkin, G.F. 804 Ackerman, B.S. 777 Allen, J. 625, 665 Arkin, P.A. 120, 266 Ackerman, T.P. 794 Allen, J.C. 318 Arking, A. 667 Ackley, S.F. 52 Allen, M.R. 163, 266, 546, 552 Armstrong, R.L. 662, 663, 804 Adams, G.A. 390 Allen, R.G. 16, 94, 373 Arnell, N. 242 Adams, J. 571, 679 Allen, R.J. 153 Arnfield, A.J. 177, 777 Adams, J.B. 793 Alley, R.B. 53, 427, 546, 571 Arnold, M. 643 Adams, M. 323 Allison, I. 54 Aron, R.H. 500 Adams, R. 323 Alvarado, L. 188 Aronson, R.B. 306 Adamson, R.S. 787 Alvarez, W. 793 Arrhenius, S. 508 Adger, W.N. 269 Amador, J. 188 Arrhenius, S.A. 460 Adler, P. 266 Amador, J.A. 189 Arritt, R.W. 164, 242 Adler, R.F. 266 Jamason, P.F. 242 Arya, S. Pal, 282 Adolphs, U. 52, 54 Ambrizzi, T 53 Arya, S.P. 31, 761 Agaponov, S.V. 699 Ambrose, S.H. 793, 794 Asami, O. 164 Agassiz, L. 387, 412 Ames, M. 740 Asaro, F.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitivity to Resolution and Topography
    1DECEMBER 2019 V A R U O L O - C L A R K E E T A L . 8355 Characterizing the North American Monsoon in the Community Atmosphere Model: Sensitivity to Resolution and Topography ARIANNA M. VARUOLO-CLARKE School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York KEVIN A. REED Downloaded from http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/32/23/8355/4940054/jcli-d-18-0567_1.pdf by guest on 27 July 2020 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York BRIAN MEDEIROS National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado (Manuscript received 29 August 2018, in final form 25 August 2019) ABSTRACT This work examines the effect of horizontal resolution and topography on the North American monsoon (NAM) in experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. Observations are used to evaluate the fidelity of the representation of the monsoon in simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with a standard 1.08 grid spacing and a high-resolution 0.258 grid spacing. The simulated monsoon has some realistic features, but both configurations also show precipitation biases. The default 1.08 grid spacing configuration simulates a monsoon with an annual cycle and intensity of precipitation within the observational range, but the monsoon begins and ends too gradually and does not reach far enough north. This study shows that the improved representation of topography in the high-resolution (0.258 grid spacing) configuration improves the regional circulation and therefore some aspects of the simulated monsoon com- pared to the 1.08 counterpart.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Climatology and Dynamical Mechanisms of Rainfall in the Caribbean
    Climate Dynamics (2019) 53:825–846 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04616-4 Seasonal climatology and dynamical mechanisms of rainfall in the Caribbean Carlos Martinez1,2 · Lisa Goddard2 · Yochanan Kushnir1 · Mingfang Ting1 Received: 22 October 2018 / Accepted: 4 January 2019 / Published online: 14 January 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The Caribbean is a complex region that heavily relies on its rainfall cycle for its economic and societal needs. This makes the Caribbean especially susceptible to hydro-meteorological disasters (i.e. droughts and floods). Previous studies have investigated the seasonal cycle of rainfall in the Caribbean with monthly or longer resolutions that often mask the seasonal transitions and regional differences of rainfall. This has resulted in inconsistent findings on the seasonal cycle. In addition, the mechanisms that shape the climatological rainfall cycle in the region are not fully understood. To address these problems, this study conducts: (i) a principal component analysis of the annual cycle of precipitation across 38 Caribbean stations using daily observed precipitation data; and, (ii) a moisture budget analysis for the Caribbean, using the ERA-Interim Reanalysis. This study finds that the seasonal cycle of rainfall in the Caribbean hinges on three main facilitators of moisture convergence: the Eastern Pacific ITCZ, the Atlantic ITCZ, and the western flank of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH). The Atlantic Warm Pool and Caribbean Low-Level Jet modify the extent of moisture provided by these main facilitators. The expansion and contraction of the western flank of NASH generate the bimodal pattern of the precipitation annual cycle in the northwestern Caribbean, central Caribbean, and with the Eastern Pacific ITCZ the western Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes and Variability in Centres of Action of the Atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere in January and July
    IGU Regional Conference, Kraków, Poland 18-22 August 2014 IGU 2014 Book of Abstracts IGU2014 – 1175 Changes and variability in centres of action of the atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere in January and July Falarz M. Department of Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia There were analysed long-term changes and variability of centres of action of the atmosphere (CAA) in the Northern Hemisphere in January and July in the second half of the 20th century. The geographical coordinates, baric extent and the atmospheric pressure value in the centre of each baric system (Icelandic Low (IL), Azores High (AH), Siberian High (SH), North American High (NAH), Aleutian Low (AL) and Hawaii High (HH) in January, IL, AH, Siberian Low (SL), HH in July) were read in maps of mean monthly sea level pressure basing on gridded 2,5°x 2,5 data of Reanalysis Project of the National Centre for Atmospheric Research for the period 1948-2003. The baric extent of the CAA was defined as the absolute value of the difference between the sea level pressure value in the centre of baric system and the value of pressure of the last closed isobar not including the other CAA. There were investigated trends of each CAA features and these of differences of sea level pressure values in the centres of AH and IL (D1), SH or SL and AH (D2), SH or SL and IL (D3), AH and HH (D4), HH and AL (D5), IL and AL (D6). Moreover indices of location changing of CAA centres in 4 directions (E-W/W-E, N-S/S-N, SW-NE/NE-SW, NW-SE/SE-NW) were created and analysed in the investigated period.
    [Show full text]
  • Note to Users
    NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript and are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was scanned as received. 61,81 , & 82 This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON OVER ARIZONA A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Pamela Lynn Heinselman Norman, Oklahoma 2004 UMI Number: 3117196 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3117196 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 © Copyright by Pamela Lynn Heinselman 2004 All Rights Reserved INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY IN THE NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON OVER ARIZONA A Dissertation APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF METEOROLOGY BY Dr. Frederick Carr . ^ r. David Sch Dr. Michael Richman D^. Alan Sfiapiro . David S î^s fu d /I Dr. May Yuan Acknowledgments This dissertation arose from personal perseverance and support and encouragement from my Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle School Round 17 Page 1 ROUND 17 TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice J. J. Thomson Primarily Used What Instru
    ROUND 17 TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice J. J. Thomson primarily used what instrument to discover electrons: W) cathode ray tube X) torsion balance Y) interferometer Z) mass spectrometer ANSWER: W) CATHODE RAY TUBE BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In the early 20th century, physicists were unknowingly fissioning uranium by which of the following methods: W) bombardment with neutrons X) combining heavy isotopes of plutonium Y) exposing uranium to high temperatures Z) exposing heavy elements to immense pressure using explosive devices in heavy-walled containment vessels ANSWER: W) BOMBARDMENT WITH NEUTRONS TOSS-UP 2) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice It is the fate of all lakes and ponds on Earth to eventually become dry lands, bogs, marshes, or fens, through a process called: W) fossilization X) eutrophication Y) mineralization Z) oligotrophy ANSWER: X) EUTROPHICATION BONUS 2) EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Which one of the following 4 terms does not belong with the others: zone of accumulation; zone of wastage; snow line; frontal wedging ANSWER: FRONTAL WEDGING (Solution: frontal wedging is a meteorological term, others are glacial terms) Middle School Round 17 Page 1 TOSS-UP 3) MATH Multiple Choice The formula, SA = s2 + 2sl, where s is one side of the base and l is the slant height, is used to calculate the surface area of which of the following: W) right circular cone X) right pentagonal prism Y) rectangular solid Z) right square pyramid ANSWER: Z) RIGHT SQUARE PYRAMID BONUS 3) MATH Short Answer Giving your answer rounded
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Description of World Formation Types
    United States Department of Agriculture Classification and Description of World Formation Types Don Faber-Langendoen, Todd Keeler-Wolf, Del Meidinger, Carmen Josse, Alan Weakley, David Tart, Gonzalo Navarro, Bruce Hoagland, Serguei Ponomarenko, Gene Fults, Eileen Helmer Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-346 August 2016 Faber-Langendoen, D.; Keeler-Wolf, T.; Meidinger, D.; Josse, C.; Weakley, A.; Tart, D.; Navarro, G.; Hoagland, B.; Ponomarenko, S.; Fults, G.; Helmer, E. 2016. Classification and description of world formation types. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-346. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 222 p. Abstract An ecological vegetation classification approach has been developed in which a combi- nation of vegetation attributes (physiognomy, structure, and floristics) and their response to ecological and biogeographic factors are used as the basis for classifying vegetation types. This approach can help support international, national, and subnational classifica- tion efforts. The classification structure was largely developed by the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group (HRWG), which contained members from across the Americas. The HRWG was authorized by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) to devel- op a revised global vegetation classification to replace the earlier versions of the structure that guided the U.S. National Vegetation Classification and International Vegetation Classification, which formerly relied on the UNESCO (1973) global classification (see FGDC 1997; Grossman and others 1998). This document summarizes the develop- ment of the upper formation levels. We first describe the history of the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group and discuss the three main parameters that guide the clas- sification—it focuses on vegetated parts of the globe, on existing vegetation, and includes (but distinguishes) both cultural and natural vegetation for which parallel hierarchies are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Relationship Between ENSO and Its Extratropical
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The changing relationship between ENSO and its extratropical response patterns Received: 14 November 2018 Nicholas Soulard 1, Hai Lin 2 & Bin Yu 3 Accepted: 8 April 2019 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can infuence Northern Hemisphere seasonal conditions through Published: xx xx xxxx its interaction with the Pacifc-North American pattern (PNA) and the Tropical Northern Hemisphere pattern (TNH). Possibly due to Earth’s changing climate, the variability of ENSO, as well as the zonal location of its sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly, is changing. Along with this, the strength and location of the jet, in which these atmospheric patterns are embedded, are changing. Using a simple tracking algorithm we create a continuous time series for the zonal location of ENSO’s SST anomaly, and show that the relationship between ENSO and the PNA is linearly sensitive to this location, while its relationship with the TNH is not. ENSO’s relationship with both the TNH and PNA is shown to be strongly infuenced by the position of the Pacifc jet stream. The ENSO-TNH relationship is found to be linked to phase changes of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the resulting changes in SST and jet speed. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver for extratropical Northern Hemisphere interannual vari- ability, especially during the winter months. By inducing convection anomalies in the tropics, it can force atmos- pheric circulation patterns similar to the Pacifc North American pattern (PNA)1, and to the Tropical Northern Hemisphere pattern (TNH)2,3. Te ENSO related sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the tropical Pacifc sets up Rossby waves that propagate into the mid-latitudes, the structure of which is dependent on the location of ENSO’s SST anomaly, as well as the mean zonal fow4–7.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Conference Workshop November 17-22, 1975
    Living With Climatic Change: Proceedings, Toronto Conference Workshop, November 17-22, 1975 Authors Beltzner, Klaus P. Publisher Science Council of Canada (Ottawa, Canada) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 24/09/2021 17:26:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/303430 Ab Vea PROCEEDINGS TORONTO CONFERENCE WORKSHOP NOVEMBER 17-22, 1975. SCIENCE COUNCIL SU OF CANADA ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION AVAILABLE ON REQUEST FROM SCIENCE COUNCIL OF CANADA 150 KENT STREET OTTAWA, ONTARIO KIP 5P4 CANADA Cover photo of Western Hemisphere reproduced courtesy of NASA. LIVING WITH CLIMATIC CHANGE The Conference and Proceedings were financed by the Science Council of Canada 150 Kent Street Ottawa, K1P 5P4, Canada Chairman Dr. Patrick D. McTaggar t -Cowan Canadian Meteorological Society and past Executive Director, Science Council of Canada Co- Sponsors American Meteorological Society, Canadian Meteorological Society, Geophysical Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexican Geophysical Union, Science Council of Canada. Edited by Klaus Beltzner March 1976 1 LIVING WITH CLIMATIC CHANGE PROCEEDINGS Toronto, Canada, Conference held November 17 -22, 1975. TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES AND TABLES 5 FOREWORD 7 PREFACE 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13 CHAPTER 1 - PAST CLIMATE CHANGES IN NORTH AMERICA 15 1.1 - Climatic variability 16 1.2 - Short Period Variations 16 1..3 - Annual and Decadal Variations 18 1.4 - Changes over Centuries and Millenia 20 1.5 - Historical and Geophysical Evidence
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Description of World Formation Types
    United States Department of Agriculture Classification and Description of World Formation Types Don Faber-Langendoen, Todd Keeler-Wolf, Del Meidinger, Carmen Josse, Alan Weakley, David Tart, Gonzalo Navarro, Bruce Hoagland, Serguei Ponomarenko, Gene Fults, Eileen Helmer Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-346 August 2016 Faber-Langendoen, D.; Keeler, T.; Meidinger, D.; Josse, C.; Weakley, A.; Tart, D.; Navarro, G.; Hoagland, B.; Ponomarenko, S.; Fults, G.; Helmer, E. 2016. Classification and description of world formation types. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-346. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 222 p. Abstract An ecological vegetation classification approach has been developed in which a combi- nation of vegetation attributes (physiognomy, structure, and floristics) and their response to ecological and biogeographic factors are used as the basis for classifying vegetation types. This approach can help support international, national, and subnational classifica- tion efforts. The classification structure was largely developed by the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group (HRWG), which contained members from across the Americas. The HRWG was authorized by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) to devel- op a revised global vegetation classification to replace the earlier versions of the structure that guided the U.S. National Vegetation Classification and International Vegetation Classification, which formerly relied on the UNESCO (1973) global classification (see FGDC 1997; Grossman and others 1998). This document summarizes the develop- ment of the upper formation levels. We first describe the history of the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group and discuss the three main parameters that guide the clas- sification—it focuses on vegetated parts of the globe, on existing vegetation, and includes (but distinguishes) both cultural and natural vegetation for which parallel hierarchies are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Introduction
    Downloaded from SAE International by Kristopher Bedka, Monday, June 10, 2019 2019-01-1953 Published 10 Jun 2019 Analysis and Automated Detection of Ice Crystal Icing Conditions Using Geostationary Satellite Datasets and In Situ Ice Water Content Measurements Kristopher Bedka NASA Langley Research Center Christopher Yost Science Systems and Applications, Inc. Louis Nguyen NASA Langley Research Center J. Walter Strapp Met Analytics, Inc. Thomas Ratvasky NASA John Glenn Research Center Konstantin Khlopenkov, Benjamin Scarino, Rajendra Bhatt, Douglas Spangenberg, and Rabindra Palikonda Science Systems and Applications, Inc. Citation: Bedka, K., Yost, C., Nguyen, L., Strapp, J.W. et al., “Analysis and Automated Detection of Ice Crystal Icing Conditions Using Geostationary Satellite Datasets and In Situ Ice Water Content Measurements,” SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-1953, 2019, doi:10.4271/2019-01-1953. Abstract proximity (≤ 40 km) to convective updrafts were most likely ecent studies have found that high mass concentra- to contain high TWC (TWC ≥ 1 g m-3). These parameters are tions of ice particles in regions of deep convective detected using automated algorithms and combined to Rstorms can adversely impact aircraft engine and air generate a HIWC probability (PHIWC) product at the NASA probe (e.g. pitot tube and air temperature) performance. Radar Langley Research Center (LaRC). Seven NASA DC-8 aircraft reflectivity in these regions suggests that they are safe for flights were conducted in August 2018 over the Gulf of Mexico aircraft penetration, yet high ice water content (HIWC) is still and the tropical Pacific Ocean during the HIWC Radar II field encountered. The aviation weather community seeks addi- campaign.
    [Show full text]