UPSC Current Affairs December 2019 in English
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State Denial, Local Controversies and Everyday Resistance Among the Santal in Bangladesh
The Issue of Identity: State Denial, Local Controversies and Everyday Resistance among the Santal in Bangladesh PhD Dissertation to attain the title of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Submitted to the Faculty of Philosophische Fakultät I: Sozialwissenschaften und historische Kulturwissenschaften Institut für Ethnologie und Philosophie Seminar für Ethnologie Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg This thesis presented and defended in public on 21 January 2020 at 13.00 hours By Farhat Jahan February 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Schnepel Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Schnepel Prof. Dr. Carmen Brandt Assessment Committee: Prof. Dr. Carmen Brandt Prof. Dr. Kirsten Endres Prof. Dr. Rahul Peter Das To my parents Noor Afshan Khatoon and Ghulam Hossain Siddiqui Who transitioned from this earth but taught me to find treasure in the trivial matters of life. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to trace transformations among the Santal of Bangladesh. To scrutinize these transformations, the hegemonic power exercised over the Santal and their struggle to construct a Santal identity are comprehensively examined in this thesis. The research locations were multi-sited and employed qualitative methodology based on fifteen months of ethnographic research in 2014 and 2015 among the Santal, one of the indigenous groups living in the plains of north-west Bangladesh. To speculate over the transitions among the Santal, this thesis investigates the impact of external forces upon them, which includes the epochal events of colonization and decolonization, and profound correlated effects from evangelization or proselytization. The later emergence of the nationalist state of Bangladesh contained a legacy of hegemony allowing the Santal to continue to be dominated. -
National Parks in India (State Wise)
National Parks in India (State Wise) Andaman and Nicobar Islands Rani Jhansi Marine National Park Campbell Bay National Park Galathea National Park Middle Button Island National Park Mount Harriet National Park South Button Island National Park Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park North Button Island National ParkSaddle Peak National Park Andhra Pradesh Papikonda National Park Sri Venkateswara National Park Arunachal Pradesh Mouling National Park Namdapha National Park Assam Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Orang National Park Manas National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Centre) Nameri National Park Kaziranga National Park (Famous for Indian Rhinoceros, UNESCO World Heritage Centre) Bihar Valmiki National Park Chhattisgarh Kanger Ghati National Park Guru Ghasidas (Sanjay) National Park Indravati National Park Goa Mollem National Park Gujarat Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch Vansda National Park Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar Gir Forest National Park Haryana WWW.BANKINGSHORTCUTS.COM WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BANKINGSHORTCUTS 1 National Parks in India (State Wise) Kalesar National Park Sultanpur National Park Himachal Pradesh Inderkilla National Park Khirganga National Park Simbalbara National Park Pin Valley National Park Great Himalayan National Park Jammu and Kashmir Salim Ali National Park Dachigam National Park Hemis National Park Kishtwar National Park Jharkhand Hazaribagh National Park Karnataka Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) National Park Nagarhole National Park Kudremukh National Park Bannerghatta National Park (Bannerghatta Biological Park) -
Insightsonindia
Insights IAS | InsightsonIndia SERIES – 9 : EXPLAINATIONS (Days 33-36) 1. Which of the following statement is/are NOT correct ? 1. Karachi session is memorable for its resolution on Fundamental Rights and National PRELIMINARY REVISION CIVIL EXAM SERVICES INSIGHTS IAS TESTS FOR UPSC Economic Programme. 2. The Communal Award 1932, provided for a separate electorate only for the depressed classes. Select the correct answer using the codes below. a) Only 1 b) Only 2 c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Solution: b Justification: Karachi session 1931 It was held to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or Delhi Pact Reiterated the goal of Poorna Swaraj Resolution on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme (Hence statement 1 is correct) Background Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru had been executed six days earlier. Even though – Gandhiji had made every attempt to save their lives, there was anger among the people, 2018 especially the youth, as to why he had not refused to sign the Pact on this question. All along Gandhiji’s route to Karachi he was greeted with black flag demonstrations. The Congress passed a resolution drafted by Gandhiji by which it, ‘while dissociating itself from and disapproving of political violence in any shape or form,’ admired ‘the bravery and sacrifice’ of the three martyrs. Communal Award, 1932 expression of ‘Divide and Rule’ policy of British Award allotted to each minority a number of seats in the legislatures to be elected on the basis of a separate electorate that is Muslims would be elected only by Muslims and Sikhs only by Sikhs, and so on. -
Neo-Vernacularization of South Asian Languages
LLanguageanguage EEndangermentndangerment andand PPreservationreservation inin SSouthouth AAsiasia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 PUBLISHED AS A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA Special Publication No. 7 (January 2014) ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 USA http:/nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I PRESS 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822-1888 USA © All text and images are copyright to the authors, 2014 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License ISBN 978-0-9856211-4-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4607 Contents Contributors iii Foreword 1 Hugo C. Cardoso 1 Death by other means: Neo-vernacularization of South Asian 3 languages E. Annamalai 2 Majority language death 19 Liudmila V. Khokhlova 3 Ahom and Tangsa: Case studies of language maintenance and 46 loss in North East India Stephen Morey 4 Script as a potential demarcator and stabilizer of languages in 78 South Asia Carmen Brandt 5 The lifecycle of Sri Lanka Malay 100 Umberto Ansaldo & Lisa Lim LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA iii CONTRIBUTORS E. ANNAMALAI ([email protected]) is director emeritus of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore (India). He was chair of Terralingua, a non-profit organization to promote bi-cultural diversity and a panel member of the Endangered Languages Documentation Project, London. -
List of National Parks in India
www.gradeup.co List of National Parks in India Protected areas of India • These are defined according to the guidelines prescribed by IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature). • There are mainly four types of protected areas which are- (a) National Park (b) Wildlife Sanctuaries (c) Conservation reserves (d) Community reserves (a) National Park • Classified as IUCN category II • Any area notified by state govt to be constituted as a National Park • There are 104 national parks in India. • First national park in India- Jim Corbett National Park (previously known as Hailey National Park) • No human activity/ rights allowed except for the ones permitted by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state. • It covered 1.23 Percent geographical area of India (b) Wildlife Sanctuaries • Classified as IUCN category II • Any area notified by state govt to be constituted as a wildlife sanctuary. • Certain rights are available to the people. Example- grazing etc. • There are 543 wildlife sanctuaries in India. • It covered 3.62 Percent geographical area of India (c) Conservation reserves • These categories added in Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002. • Buffer zones between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserved and protected forests of India. • Uninhabited and completely owned by the Government. • It covered 0.08 Percent geographical area of India (d) Community reserves • These categories added in Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002. • Buffer zones between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserved and protected forests of India. • Used for subsistence by communities and community areas because part of the land is privately owned. • It covered 0.002 Percent geographical area of India Act related to wildlife 1 www.gradeup.co • Wildlife Protection Act 1972 • It is applicable to whole India except Jammu and Kashmir which have their own law for wildlife protection. -
Encoding of Ol Chiki in Universal Character Set Putting Santali Language Into the Computer
Encoding of Ol Chiki in Universal Character Set Putting Santali Language Into the Computer Prepared by R. C. Hansdah & N. C. Murmu Contents: v General Information about Unicode v Activities on Computerisation of Ol Chiki in Wesanthals E-group v A Revised Proposal for Encoding of Ol Chiki in Universal Character Set Date of submission: Date of presentation: First week of September, 2002 November, 2002 at UTC1 December, 2002 at ISO/IEC2 working committee Synopsis : This exploratory proposal has been planned to be submitted to Unicode & ISO/IEC for consideration of encoding of Ol Chiki in BMP(Basic Multilingual Plane) of Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set - ISO/IEC 10646 . In order to provide maximum information about the Ol Chiki script as well as about the Santal community who use it extensively, the proposal has been divided into three parts. First part deals with general information about the Unicode and its utility. For further details about the Unicode, readers are suggested to visit the website of Unicode http://www.unicode.org/ . Second part deals with the activities of wesanthals E-group for standardisation and computerisation of Ol Chiki. Third part gives the core part which is the revised proposal to be submitted to UTC & JTC1/SC2/WG23 . It contains brief report for naming of Ol Chiki letters, about Ol Chiki and its present status of implementation. The main objective of this draft is to solicite opinions, comments and corrections, if any, from scholars, writers and academicians of Santal community. There is also a need to put up a few references as it has been felt appropriate to include them in the final proposal, even though it is not mandatory. -
Journal of Threatened Taxa
The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Note Photographic record of the Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in southern Western Ghats, India Devika Sanghamithra & P.O. Nameer 26 June 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 7 | Pages: 18933–18935 DOI: 10.11609/jot.7013.13.7.18933-18935 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18933–18935 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.7013.13.7.18933-18935 #7013 | Received 20 December 2020 | Final received 27 April 2021 | Finally accepted 25 May 2021 NOTE SMALL WILD CATS SPECIAL SERIES Photographic record of the Rusty-spoted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. -
Ol Chiki Script in the UCS Source: Michael Everson Status: Individual Contribution Action: for Consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2005-09-21
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2984R L2/05-243R 2005-09-21 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation internationale de normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Final proposal to encode the Ol Chiki script in the UCS Source: Michael Everson Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2005-09-21 This is a revision of N1956 and N2505 and contains the proposal summary form. Introduction The Ol Chiki script, also called Ol Cemet’, Ol Ciki, or simply Ol, was invented by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in the first half of the 20th century CE to write Santali, a Munda language of India. Ol Chiki is alphabetic, sharing none of the syllabic properties of the other Indic scripts. The Ol Chiki script has received some official recognition and Raghunath has been honoured by the Orissan government. Ol Chiki has recently been promoted by some Santal organizations, with uncertain success, for use in certain other Munda languages in the Chota Nagpur area as well as the Dravidian Kud.ux language. According to the Ethnologue, Santali’s various dialects are spoken by 5.8 million people with 25% to 50% literacy, mostly in India with a few in Nepal and Bangladesh. The Ol Chiki script is used for the southern dialect of Santali as spoken in the Orissan Mayurbhañj district. While this dialect has only six vowels, the Santal Parganas dialect has eight or nine vowels. The extra Santal Parganas vowels are made by combining three vowels with the diacritic GAAHLAA TTUDDAAG. -
The Writing Revolution
9781405154062_1_pre.qxd 8/8/08 4:42 PM Page iii The Writing Revolution Cuneiform to the Internet Amalia E. Gnanadesikan A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 9781405154062_1_pre.qxd 8/8/08 4:42 PM Page iv This edition first published 2009 © 2009 Amalia E. Gnanadesikan Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Amalia E. Gnanadesikan to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. -
Bringing Ol Chiki to the Digital World
Typography and Education http://www.typoday.in Bringing Ol Chiki to the digital world Saxena, Pooja, [email protected] Panigrahi, Subhashish, Programme Officer, Access to Knowledge, Center for Internet and Society, Bengaluru (India), [email protected] Abstract: Can a typeface turn the fate of an indigenous language around by making communication possible on digital platforms and driving digital activism? In 2014, a project was initiated with financial support from the Access to Knowledge programme at The Center for Internet and Society, Bangalore to look for answers to this question. The project’s goal was to design a typeface family supporting Ol Chiki script, which is used to write Santali, along with input methods that would make typing in Ol Chiki possible. It was planned that these resources would be released under a free license, with the hope to provide tools to Santali speakers to read and write in their own script online. Key words: Ol Chiki script, typeface design, minority script, Santali language 1. Introduction The main aim of this paper is to share the experiences and knowledge gained by working on a typeface and input method design project for a minority script from India, in this case Ol Chiki, which is used to write Santali. This project was initiated by the Access to Knowledge programme at the Center for Internet and Society (CIS-A2K, whose mandate is to work towards catalysing the growth of the free and open knowledge movement in South Typography Day 2016 1 Asia and in Indic languages. From September 2012, CIS has been actively involved in growing the open knowledge movement in India through a grant received from the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). -
Upsc Cse Pre 2020 Gs (Paper - 1) Answer Keys (Set – A)
UPSC CSE PRE 2020 GS (PAPER - 1) ANSWER KEYS (SET – A) Q1. Consider the following statements: 1. Aadhaar metadata cannot be stored for more than three months. 2. State cannot enter into any contract with private corporations for sharing of Aadhaar data. 3. Aadhaar is mandatory for obtaining insurance products. 4. Aadhaar is mandatory for getting benefits funded out of the Consolidated Fund of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and3 only Answer: (b) Explanation: Supreme Court had ruled that Aadhaar metadata can not be stored for more than six months. This nullified the provision in the Act, which allowed storage of such data for five years. Therefore, statement 1 is not correct. The Supreme court in the Aadhaar verdict had defined the welfare schemes as those funded from the consolidated fund of India. And it upheld the validity of Section 7 of the Aadhaar Act which states that Central or State Governments can make possession of an Aadhaar number or Aadhaar authentication mandatory for receipt of subsidies, benefits or services funded out of the Consolidated Fund of India. Therefore, statement 4 is correct. The same 2018 judgement also held making that Aadhaar mandatory for other services apart from welfare schemes as unconstitutional. This includes availing financial services, including insurance or even to prevent money laundering in such services. Subsequently, IRDAI issued an advisory in January 2019 that clarified that aadhaar is not mandatory for obtaining insurance and withdrew its earlier policy of 2017 to make Aadhaar mandatory in insurance for preventing money laundering. -
Intelligence Report Ening Regional Peace and Snubbed China for Its Offer to Mediate to Resolve the Kashmir Issue, OUR CORRESPONDENT the Locals
millenniumpost.in RNI NO.: WBENG/2015/65962 PUBLISHED FROM DELHI & KOLKATA VOL. 3, ISSUE 190 | Friday, 14 July 2017 | Kolkata | Pages 16 | Rs 3.00 NO HALF TRUTHS pNIFTY 9891.70 (+75.60) pSENSEX 32,037.38 (+232.56) pDOW JONES 21,557.46 (+25.32) p NASDAQ 6,275.18 (+14.01) qRUPEE/DOLLAR 64.45 (+00.09) pRUPEE/EURO 73.41 (+0.19) pGOLD/10GM 28,050 (+160.00) pSILVER/K 38,000 (+100.00) KOLKATA PUBLICATION OF BREXIT BEGINS: PEOPLE SHOULD KNOW POLICE URGE NRC: ASSAM CM UK SETS OUT WHERE TO DRAW LINE: ALL ‘TO STAND SONOWAL FACES SC BILL TO END EU KIRTI ON ‘INDU SARKAR’ FOR TRUTH’ PG4 WRATH PG6 MEMBERSHIP PG10 CONTROVERSY PG16 India snubs China’s CM HAD SPOKEN OF ‘OUTSIDE HAND’ IN DARJEELING No change in Pak stand on offer for ‘constructive consular access role’ in Kashmir Maoists helping Gorkhas carry to Jadhav: India MPOST BUREAU NEW DELHI: India on Thursday asserted that cross- border terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir was at the “heart” of the matter that was threat- on agitation: Intelligence report ening regional peace and snubbed China for its offer to mediate to resolve the Kashmir issue, OUR CORRESPONDENT the locals. insisting it was a bilateral matter between it and The report states that around Pakistan. KOLKATA: Maoists from neigh- 93 tea gardens have closed just India’s strong reaction came a day after the bouring Nepal are extending sup- due to the violence taking place Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson said port to the agitators in Darjeeling in the Hills.