How the "Gang of Four" Used Party and State Power

PEKI 6 Februory I, l9T t

How the "Gang of Four" Used lI Shanghai as a Base to Usurp 4 Party and State Power llang Hung-wen'$ $cheme to Throw A China lnto llisorder Exposed

-fu C.M.E.A. Ridden With Difficulties PEKING Vol. 20, No. 6 Februory 4, lgTt

Published in English, French, Spanish, ,h 4 A.e Japanese and German editions

CONTENTS

THE WEEK 3 Porty Centrol Committee Colls for Upsurge in Leorning From Toching Three Leoding Members of Communist Porty of Brozil Mourned lmportont Roilwoy Hub Revitolized :

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS How_the 'iGong ol Four" Used Shonghoi os o Eorc to Ururp Porty ond Stotc Power 5 Erposing Wong Hung.wen's Scherne to Throw Chino Into Disorder-the Moss Criticism Group of the Stote Copitol Construction Commission 10 2nd Notionol Leorn-From-Tochoi Conference (1): Tochoi Fights the Anti-Porty Gong - Kuo Feng-lien 14 The Tochoi Brigode ond Tochoi-Type Counties 17 A Genuine Fighter Going Agoinst the Tide 19 C.M.E,A. Ridden With Difficulties n 1976 in Revieriv: Soviet Union Runs lnto Snogs in Middle Eost 23 . Sugor Exporting Countries Step Up United Struggle Agoinst Hegemonism 25 New Tsors' Deeds Don't Motch Words n Wormly Greeting Comrode Huo Kuo-feng Assuming Posts of Choirmon of C.P.C. Centrol Committee ond Choirmon of lts Militory Commission 28

ROUND THE WORLD 29 D.P.R.K.: 4-Point Notionol Solvotion Proposol . Czechoslovokio: "Chorter 77" Polestine: Twelve Yeors ol Armed Struggle lsroel: Economy in Complete Mess

ON THE HOME FRONT 31 New Troctor i'lont Two Out of One First County-Wide Focsimile Communicotions New Generol Petrochemicol Works Dinosour Foss'lls on "Roof of the World"

hrblirheci fter Fridoy bv PEKING REVIEW, Peling (37), Ctino Post Office Reqislrotion No.2-14 Frinted io the Peooie's ReOublic of Ching : \\\\\N\\\\\N\\\\\-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ THE WEEK

developing industry, a road which is completely opposite to Party Gentral Gommittee Galls lor that of capitalism and revisionism. t Upsurge in Learning From Taching "In industry, learn from Taching" was a wise decision by tTrHE Central Committee of wards realization of the strate- Chairman Mao, the circular I the Communist Party of gic policy decision by Chair- says.. Our esteemed and be- China recently issued a circular man Hua to.bring about great Ioved Premier Chou En-lai al- regarding holding a national order across the land and a ways paid great attention to conference on learning from great event that the working building up Taching as an ad- Taching in industry class and other people in the vanced unit. He personallY country have long hoped for. ' The circular calls on aII in- summed up and enthusiasticallY dustrial departments and enter- Taching is a red banner per- propagated its experience. The prises in all localities to earnest- sonally raised by Chairman Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao "gang ly study Chairman Mao's work Mao. The country's first big of ..four," however, with the On the Ten Maior Relo- oilfield, it was opened by the intention of subverting the dic- proletariat and iionships, Chairman Hua's working class at high speed and tatorchip of the Speech at the Second Na- with top quality in the early restoring capitalism, wantonlY of tional Conference on Learning 60s when China's economy had attacked the red banner From Tachai in Agriculture met with temporary difficul- Taching and unscrupulouslY un- movement (see Peking Revieto, No.. 1, ties, the Soviet revisionists dermined the mass 1977) and the important direc- stopped oil exports to China to learn from it. . tives of the Party Central Com- and Liu Shao-chi slashed in- . The circular points out: The mittee on the criticism of the dustrial and mining enterprises two hegemonic powers, the So- "gang of four," penetratingly and construction projects. To viet Union and the United expose and criticize the start .the undertaking, the States, now are engaged in gang, bring about an upsurge Taching oil workers conscien- rabid arms expansion and war in the learn-from-Tac:hing tioqsly studied and applied preparations. Soviet revision- inovemeht and grasping rev- in Chairman Mao's works On ism has massed a million trooPs promoting produc- olution and Practice and Oa Contrad,iction along China's borders, still not ''tion, and greet the coming na- and persisted in arming them- giving up its wild ambition to tional learn-from-TacNng con- selves with Mao Tsetung subjugate China. How can we ference with outstanding Thought. Through self-reliance have great economic strength achievements. and hard struggle, Taching has, and strong national. defence decade or The circular says: The C.P.C. in the last .more, capabilities and how can we Central Committee has decided rapidly raised crude oil output defend and consolidate the dic- to convene the conference be- to an average annual increase tatorship of the Proletariat fore May Day this year. Its of 28 per cent. This has con- without pushing' forward agri- purpose is to mobilize the. whcle tributed greatly to China's so- culture and industry and giving Party and the Chinese working cialist construction and enabled full scope to the role of the lat- class to push the revolu- our country, formerly depen- ter as the leading factor? There- tionary mass movement to dent on foreign oil, to export fore, learning from Taching in Iearn from Taching in industry crude oil and petroleum prod- industry is a very Pressing to a new stage and strive to ucts. Adhering to Chairman fighting task. Party committees briild taching-type enterprises Mao's line on running socialist in all localities and departments throughout the country. This industrial entErprises, Taching must strengthen their leadershiP will be an important step to- has taken China's own road for and draw up'an overall Plan

Febru.arg 4, 1977 for the movement to learn from the movement to learn from the "gang of four," is turning Taching. The chief leading Tachai in agriculture. swiftly for the better. comrades in' every province, The C.P.C. municipality and . autonomous Central Commit- Located in the central China tee ealls on cadres and masses plain, region should take class strug- this bureau is in charge on the industrial front to rally of a large network known as gle as the key link and pay at- closely round the Party Cen- the "heartl' of the country's tention agriculture and to both tral Committee headed by railway transportation, where industry. They should firmly Chairman Hua Kuo-feng, so as three trunk lines meet the grasp the movement to learn to gre€t the national learn- Peking-Kwangchow, Lienyun-- from Taching in industry and from-Taching conference .with kang-Lanchow and Chiaotso- ensure its'succesg as they do splendid achievements. Chihchiang Railways. It un- dertakes the task of transport- ing coal to over ten provinies Ihree Lerding ilemhrs ol hnmunisl Prrty . and municipalities. 0f Bnzil llourred In the first ten days of January, the daily average number of cars loaded was 12.8 ,flHE Central Committee of the revolutiron. Undoubtedly, their per cent higher than that of last I Communist Party of China deaths are a major loss for the year when the "gang of four" on January 24 sent alessage of revolutionaqr cause of the held sway, with coal shipments deep condolences to the Central Brazilian people. But no one up by 25.7 per cent. In the sec- Committee of the Communist can stem the historical cur- ond ten days, increased 22 Party of Brazil on the brutal rent'of the Brazilian revolu- it per cent over the days, assassination by the Brazilian tion. first ten with coal transport 20.3 per cent reactionary authorities of Com- The people and the Commu- higher. Besides, been rades Pedro Pomar, Angelo there has nist Party of Brazil have a a marked increase per- Arroyo and Joao Batista Drum- in the glorious tradition of struggle. centage mond, leading members of the of trains running on For half a centur;r, they have time and a steady improvement Central Committee of the Com-, fought heroically against class other technological stand- munist Party of Brazil. The in enemies, both internal and ards. message read: ex- ternal, for the attainment of We are shocked at the news independence and national For many years, Chairma.n of the brutal assassination by liberation, advancing in waves Mao and Premier Chou had the .Brazilian reactionary upon waves and carrying the shown great concern for the authorities of Comrades Pedro revolution forward con- Chengchow Railway Bureau. Pomar and Angelo Arroyo, tinuqusly. We are convinced Since 1975, Comrade Hua Kue feng has issued many Members of the Executive Com- that so long as the peo:- irnportant directives mittee of the Central Com- ple's revolution in Brazil ad- concerning its work. mittee, and Comrade Joao heres to the Marxist-Leninist But the "gang of four" tried by Batista Drummond, Member of revolutionary line and persists hook and by crook to throw it the Central Committee, of the in mobilizing and relying on the into chaos. Chiang Ching once instructed who Communist Party of Brazil. We broad masses of people, it will a timeserver had hereby express'our deep con- surely be able to overcome all wormed his way into the Party dolences. difficulties and obstacles and committee of the bureau to cut win final victory. off railway communications. Comrades Pedro Pomar, Appropriating the power he Angelo Arroyo and Joao lmportant Railway Hub had usurped, thls man knock- Batista Drummond fought ed together a clique to Revitalized for a long time against pursue its selfish interests and imperialism, revisionism and The situation at the Cheng- instigated workers to stop reaction and laid down their chow Railway Bureau, which precious lives for the Brazilian was once seriously affected by (Continued on p. 13.)

4 Peking Rersiew, No. 6 How the "Oang of Four" Used $hanghai a$ a Base to Usurp Party and $tate Power

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q HANGHAI, China's largest industrial city, period." He raved he would write a book en- n was for many years an important base of titled Arwtgsis of the Classes in the Sociolist the "gang of four" in plotting to usurp Party Penod, i.n China to serve as the "basis for for- and state power. They practised revisionism, mulating future policies." Actually, he was created spl.its , and engaged in intrigues and trying to change our Party's basic line com- conspiracies, thereby committing atrocious pletely. crimes behind the backs of Chairman'Mao, the The "gang of four" also distorted and tam- Party Central Committee and the city's 10 pered with Mao Tsetung Thought. They negated million people. For a long time in the past the people of Shanghai bitterly hated their evil the expositions by Chairman Mao and Chair- man Hua concerning transition the sys- deeds and resisted and struggled again^st them. the in With the exposure and downfall tem of ownership in the people's communes* of the "gang ,spread of four," the whole city erupted like a volcano, and the nonsense lhat the change in place under venting their long-repressed indignation against the system of ownership could take politicdl They this anti-Party gang's countless crimes. any economic and conditiohs. tried to bring out quickly . a book similar l; Creoting Counter-Revolutionory to The Socialist Upsurge in Chinaos Countrgside Opinion which, edited by Chairman Mao, has served as a guide to China's agricultural collectivization The great leader and teacher Chairman And they wanted to write a preface and editor's Mao pointed out: overthrow a political 'To notes to the book and make it "authoritativel' power, it is always necessary first of all to and "philosophical." They alleged: "The So- create public opinion, to do work in the ideolog- cialist Upsurge in China's Countrysicle came ical sphere. This is true for the revolutionary ' out too late. The upsurge was already over by class as well as for the counter:revolutionary the time it was published. So we must start .class." The "gang of four" used the cultural and propaganda media to manufacture rumours to hoodwink the masses. * Iir most parts of China, the rural people's present First, they the communes' system of "three-level owner- tried to dish up ship (people's commune, production brigade and so-called "Chang Chun-chiao thought" as production team), with th6 production team as the the "theoretical basis" for usurpin! Party basic accounting unit," is in the main in harmony and -state power and restoring capitalism. with the growth of the productive forces in the expansion of Chun-chiao i:alled countryside today. But, with the "Chang thought," as they Iarge-scale socialist agriculturg and especially with it, was counter-revolutionary ideology pure the growth of the economy at the commune and and simple. Chang slandered Mao Tsetung brigade levels, this system of ownership will Thought as 'ooutdated," saying: "After reading gradually move on to the system of ownership with the production brigad'e or even the commune Chairman Mao's Anolgsis of the Closses in, as the basic accounting unit when conditions are " Chinese Society, I'm still not clear about the ripe. In the still more distant future, the people's classes in Chinese society." He also slandered commune will advance fpom the system'of collec- that the basic line Chairman Mao formulated tive ownership to the system of ownership by the whole people and then from the socialist system folour Party did not solve the question of of ownership by the whole people to the com- "changes in the class relations in the socialist munist system of ownership by the whole people.

February 4, 1977 early and bring. ours out before the upsurge at Chairman Mao. Another artiele was a short arrives." They went so far as to laud so-called biography of Thiers, a l9th-centur5r French' "Chang Chun-chiao thought" as a "develop politician. It was accompanied by a caricature ment" of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung of Thiers resembling. Teng Hsiao-ping. Ttre Thought, the "fourth milestone" in the history article said that Thiers was so fierce because of the development of Marxism after Marx, he had the powerful backing of the 'riron chan- Lenin and Chairman Mao. AII this shows that cellor" Bismarck, an insinuation against Premier the "gang of four" was a .bunch of traitors to Chou. . There were other articles attacking scibntific socialism and out-and-out counter- rPremier Chou and other leading comrades. revolutionary revisionists. When Chairman Mao proposed that Com- Second, in Shanghai the gang fabricated rade Hua Kuo-feng be appointed First Vice- a history Chinese Communist Party Chairman of the Party Central Committee and of the 'thereby behind 'the .backs of Chairman Mao and Premier of the State Council, estab- the Party Central Committee. They completely lishing Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as his successor, negated the proletarian revolution4r5r cause .the "gang of four" deliberately had a series of undertaken by our Party under Chairman articles published .on how Khrushchov, Chiang Mao's leadership, saylng: "The Long March Kai-shek aad Yuan Shih-kai (a Northern war- is insignificant and does not mean much." They Iord who plgclaimed himself emperor on De-

smeared all the veteran proletarian revolution- cember 12, 1915, but was forced to give up the ' aries as "bourgeois democrats" who have title on March 22, lgt6_ Tr.) came to power. become "capitalist-roaders" under the dicta- In doing so they were attacking Comrade Hua torship of the proletariat, and they decked Kuo-feng by innuendo and tryrng to replace themselves out as "pioneers" of the socialist him. revolution. They openly told the writers of Fourth, the "gang of four" used other the said Party history: "Don't mention methods to prettify themselves. On the pretext Premier Chou, Chu Teh, Yeh . Chien-ying, of studying the history of the struggte between Chen Yi and others in the Party history. the Legalist and Confucian Schools,'Liu Chiang There are no final verdicts for some of them Ching raved: "After the death of Pang yet! Give more space to Chiang Ching and (who founded the Han Dynasty in 206 B.C. - write her up." As a result, Chiang Ching's ?r.), his wife Empress Lu carried on the Legal- name appeared ten times in this book and this ist' line." Here, Chiang Ching was comparing big careerist and conspirator was palmed off as herself to Empress Lu and dreaming of becom- "directly leading the great struggle in the ideo- ing an "empress" in our time. (See "Chiang logical field and the revolution in literature and Ching and Empress Lu" in our issue No. 52, art." Some chapters of thiS book had already 1976. Tr.) The gang instructed its follow- been included in university and middle and ers to- write a nurnber of articles glorifying Em- primary school textbooks. press Lu, saying: "After Liu Pang's death, only Empress Lu could carry his unfinished cause "gang ordered Third, the of four" that ar- through to the end." They ordered the depart- ticles, books plays vilify and be written to ments concerned in Shanghai to compile a "col- Chairman Mao, Premier Chou and Chairman journal lection of speeches" by the "gang of four"- in Hua. The Stud,y and. Cri,tici.szn under the Great Cultural Revolution and collect and direct control lvas crammed with reac- their reproduce their photographs. They hurriedly tionary articles. One these articles was of produced a reactionary film, The Gronil'Fes- about the "pigtailed marshal" Chang Hsun who tiual, praising Wang Hung-wen and Chang brought back Pu Yi, the last Ching Dynasty Chun-chiao. It was their intention to release the emperor, to the throne to restore the feudal, celebration plot dynasty in 1917. The purpose of this article film in of the success of their to usurp Party and state power was underscored by Chang Chun-chiao who said: The "pigtailed marshal" was not Chang Fifth, after the passing of Chairman Mao, Hsun himself but the system, the emperor.. So the gang thorlght the time was ripe for them to he openly directed the spearhead of his attack usurp supreme Party and state leadership. They

6 Peking Retsieut, No. 6 t6"

forged Chairrnan Mao's "last 1ve1ds" - "act according to the principles laid down" and issued a counter-revolutionary- mobilization order for the usurpation of Party and state power. (See "A Desperate Move Before Destruction" in our issue No. 52, 1976. ?r.) After the Party Central Committee- headed by Chairman Hua had crushed ' the 'lgang of four," a few trusted followers of the gang in Shanghai, though already knowing this through a secret channel, ordered loeal newspapers to continue publishing articles on the theme "act according to the principles laid down" and the local radio stations' to keep broadcasting the song Act For Erser According to the Principles Laid Dorpn. All this was part of their effort to stage a counter-revolutionary armed rebellion.

2. Recruiting Deserters ond Rene- godes for Their Orgonizotion In selecting and promoting cadres, the "gang of four" set such require- ments as: "The leadership should know them well," !'they should be supported by the masses" and "they should cherish deep feelings." Any monster or. demon acquainted with the "gang of four,l' ssPPorted bY them or having Big-character posters by Shanghai dock workers of four." deep feelings for them would invariably denouncing the "gang be given an important post, while those who refused to follow the gang were all kick- knew their ugly background and opposed ed out and struck down, whether they were them for their licentious tife. One cadre new or old cadres. who knew something about Chiang Ching's shameful history in the 30s and talked about Chairman Mao taught us: "Throughout our it in the 40s and 50s was taken into custody national history there have been two sharply and branded a counter-revolutionary by order contrasting lines on the subject of the use of of Chang Chun-chiao. Another cadre was im' cadres, one being to 'appoint people on their prisoned for several years because he had dis- merit,' and the other to 'appoint people by Chun-chiao when the latter favouritism.' The former is the honest and the agreed with Chang a villa of Lin latter the dishonest way." (Tlte Role of the wanted 2,000 metres of cloth for to Chinese Communist Party in the National War.) 'Piao's. Such examples are too many The "gang of four" formed a faction, replaeing enumerate. The cadres and masses of Shanghai the Party with it and placing it above the Party. suffered a great dial at their hands. They lorded over people put it the and Shang- The "gang'of four" vainly hoped'to "form hai under their fascist rule. a cabinet." Time and again they instructed They ruthlessly persecuted those comrades their followers in Shanghai to look for suitable who upheld Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, candidates for their "cabinet." Wang Hung-wen

Februarg 4, 1977 and Chang Chun-chiao ranted that it was counter-revolutionary activities. They interfered necessaqr to. promote cadres in a daring way in .the affairs of various ministries under the and map out a plan to this end, and they added State Council arid created confusion there. They that consideration should be given to such needs clamoured: "Only two and a half ministries in both Shanghai and the.country as a whole. under the State Council are reliable. Alt the They listed dozens of persons for the posts of bigwigs in the rest of the ministries are no ministers and vice-ministers and directors of good." They installed their faithful followers in depa.rtments and bureaux under the ministries. important posts in some ministries, and sowed Sorne had already been appointed. discord and created splits in others; they spread rumours to vilify some ministries and tried to 3. Activities to Split the Porty rnake "breaches" in others so as to usurp su- The "gang of four" acted agains! the three preme Party and state leadCrship. basic principles laid down by Chdirman Mao, Third, the'gang adopted the counter-revo- namely, "Practise Marxism, and not revision- lutionary tactic of Shanghai, creat- ism; unite, and don't split; be open and above- "stabilizihg ing turmoil other places and seizing power board, and don't intrigue and conspire." They in amidst the chaos." So they; did their utmost to worked energetically to split the Party. When interfere in the affairs of other places and tried the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese to overthrow a large of leading com- Communist Party was in session in 1969, they numhr rades in the various locaiities and then proceed collaborated with Lin Piao to forge the "his- tories" of 14 leading comrades of the central to attack their l'behind-the-scene bosses," directing their spearhead of attack at the Party authorities and accused them of having opposed Central Committee and the State Council. The Chairman Mao. Prior to the election of the Cen- gang was overjoyed early last year when they tral Committee, Wang Hung:lysn openly urged received letter from Kiangsi the delegates from Shanghai not to vote for an anonymous Province viciously attacking the provincial Par- these comrades. After the convocation of the ty committge. Chiang Ching herself arranged Tenth Party Congress in 1973, they became to find out the writer the letter and incited more than before in scheming to of .unbridled gang's split the Party. him to stir up trouble in Kiangsi. The followers in Shanghai sent their men to the First, they resorted to the tactics of secret various provinces and municipalities to collect agents and compiled "dossiers" framing charges information, and invited people from other against leading comrades in the Party. Wang places to Shanghai to read big-character posters Hung-wen instructed. his secretary to fabricate slandering leading comrades at the central and false charges against Premier Chou whom the local. levels, and instigated them to attack the Chinese people hold in high esteem. In Novem- provincial'Party crommittees. ber l9?5, they prepared 19 copies of so-called "charges" against central leading comrades. In l. Plotting Counter-Revolutionory December, they prepared another 20 copies in Armed Rebellion print and four in manuscript "expming" Chairman Mao long ago pointed out: "YYith- leading comrades among the central authorities. out a people's army the people have nothing." They also collected speeches by 12 leading com- (On Cootition Gooernm,eat.) The "gang of four'' rades, including Vice-Chairman of the Party regarded the People's Liberation Army as the Central Committee and Vice:Premiers. Quoting main obstacle to their plot to usurp Party and them out of context or purposely distorting state power. More than once they said discon- thbm, they classified and compiled these 'speeches solately: "We have only the pen, but no gun." under l8 categories, printed and dis- Wang Hung-wen said: "The army is not in our tributed them to various dep4rtments through- hands. We have no men in the army. That's my out the city as "material for criticism." Such biggest worry." He added: "The army is not material was also sent to some provinces and reliable. It is most dangerous." Chang Chun- other cities. chiao said: "If the army turns the gun against Second, the gang had established extensive us, what shall we do then?" They therefore contacts with various departments in their tried by every possible means to control the

8 Peking Reoicu, No. 6 ariny. W.hile they interfered in its affairs in an forbade the cadres and masses on the outskirts Lttempt Xp create chaos and splits, they geized of Shanghai to learn from Tachai. As early as holtl of the militia and tried to make it a "second 1968, they issued the order that anyone wishing armed force" independent of the P.L.A. and turn to visit Tachai had to have Chang Chun-chiao's it into a tool for carrying out their schemes. approval. f,his in fact meant banning all visits to Tachai. They faked a so-called directive of Chair- man Mao's on the "transformation of the mili. Comrade Hua Kuo-feng made a summing- tia" and established an independent apparatus up report at the First National Conference on for its leadership. Wang Hung-wen brazenl5r Learning From Tachai in Agriculture in 19?5 said: "It's Chun-chiao and I who set up the and issued the great call "Mobilize the whole Shanghai militia." He told his trusted associates Party, make greater efforts to develop agricul. that "to build our militia into a strong contin- ture and strive to build Tachai-type counties gent is a matter of winning leadership" and that throughout the country," thw pushing the "our militia must.got be commanded by others.l' learn-from;Tachai movement to a new stage. They refused to let the P.L.A. Shanghai Garrison But the %".rg of four" slandered the report as Ileadquarters exercise control over the militia a "revision of Marxism-Leninism" and as and forced it to hand over arms and funds to the "advogating the theory of productive forces," militia. They set up a separate militia head- and forbade Shanghai to implemenl this call. quarters under their direct control and indepen- They also declared: "We've rbad and dis- dent the P.L.A. garrison. And they even of cussed the document of the learn-from-Tachai planned to set up a national general militia conference. Even though the Chairman has headquarters in opposition to the Military Com- checked the document off, it does no,t necessarily mission of the Party Central Committee. More mean he approves it. We'll wait and see. Let startling was the fact that when Chairman Mao him to Coinrade Hua Kuo-feng] per- was seriously i11, they wanted to "immediately [referring form." They poured torr€nts of abuse on leading distribute" weapons to the Shanghai militia and comrades of the central atithorities. All this were ready to strike at any moment. clearly reveals their bitter hatred for Chairman Mao, Chairman Hua and the Party Central Com- Undermining the lrtoements to 5. mittee. Leorn From Toching ond to Leorn From Tochoi Not only did the gang oppose the movement ' Taching and Tachai are two red banners to learn from Tachai in agriculture, they oppos- and sabotaged whole series Chairman rai,sed by Chairman Mao himself. ed a of Mao's principles and trrclicies on agriculture. They smeared and attacked Taching in Chairman Mao had formulated the generpl prin- every conceivable way. Chang Chun-chiao eiple of l'taking agriculture as the foundation shouted: "What's all this about learning from and industry as the leading factot'' for devel- Taching? I doubt. its usefulness." Wang Hung- oping the national economy, but the gang tried wen cried: "Taching is only a unit while Shang- by every means to weakeh this foundation. They hai is a large area"; "We must sum up the whole slashed investments earmarked for agriculture series of experjence Shanghai has gained.l' This and withheld materials for farmland capital fully showed their effort to tear down the red eonstruction, This seriously impaired the build- banner of Taching that Chairman Mao had ing of water consbrvancy projects, farm mech- raised and to suppress the movement In indus- anization and rural construction as a whole. try, learn from Taching that he had initiated. On the question of.commune- and brigade-run The "gang of four" also viciously attacked industrial enterprises, the gang peddled the Tachai. .One of them said: "I simply look down notion that these enterprises be allowed to find upon Tachai." They openly opposed Chairman their own markets and develof according to Mao's instruction: "In agriculture, learn ftom their own wish. They advccated that commune Tachai." Ching Chun-chiao said on several members working in these enterprises be given occ€urions: "We can set up our own models. "high work-points, high standards of living and Why should we learn from others?" They high subsidies," thereby enlarging the gap in

Febru,ary 4, 1977 distribution among commune membets. This whieh was formerly the "gang of four's" bas6 carxed discontent among commune members for usurping Party and state power has now be- doing farm.work. come a vast ocaan to drown them. Whether in the city or in the rural areas, the cadres and the The 'lgang of ifour" also opposed grasping masses are conscientiously studying works by revolution, promoting production. While they Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and by Chairman no knowledge of produetion and themselves:had Mao and holding criticism meetings. Big- did not take part:in production, 'they opposed character posters denouncing the "gang of four" others doing so. are everywhere. The people's long-repressed The "gang of four" committed all kinds of enthusiasm for socialism has now gushed out, evil in Shanghai. They represent the landlords and the drive to grasp revolution and promote and the trourgeoisie as well as the imperialists, production is gaining momentum. They are :revisionists and all reaction;'they are a pack of determined to carry the struggle against the counter-revolutionary revisionists and the sworn "gang of four" through to the end. whole Party, the whole army and enemy of the (Baseil on a speech bg Wang Yt-ptng, people the the of all nationalities throughout Vice-Chairm,an df the Shonghai Mu- country. nicipot Reoolutionary Committee, With. the kind attention and under the cor- at the Seconcl National Conference rect leadership of Chairman Hua and the Party on Learning From Tachoi in Agri- Central Committee heade.d by him, Shanghai culture.)

Exposing' Wang Hung-Yven's Scheme To ThroYv China Into Disorder , by the Moss Criticism Group of the Stote . ' CopitoJ Construction Commission

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,THE great revolutionary teacher Lenin pointed because of the 'rgang of four's" interference aad I out that in a revolutionary tide "ever5r sabotage. r,'In lBlaces under their control, scoundrel Iikes to array himself in 'red' gar- bad eggs and rifiraff were on the rampage, and ments." (What the "Ffienils of the Peopl.e- Are cormption, embezzlement, speculation and black attl How They Fight the Sociol-Demooots) marketing spread unchecked. Polarization resulted. among the people. Tht ol iour," A typical representative of the newborn "gang lVang Hung-wen in particular, w€rs respoi'rsible bourgeois elements, Wang Hung-wen is just for all this. such a scoundrel who .dressed himself up as "a "rebel," a. l'leader of the qrorkers" and a. It was through his henchman Wen$ Shen' "newborn force." . ho* that, Wang llung.wen succeeded in ptunginS t ond A henchman of the "gang of four" in Che- Cousing HoYoc in Chekiong klang who sneaked lnto the Party in the Great Other Ploces Cultural Revotution. Fostered by the gang, he became vice-chair,rnan of the revolutionary comfnit- Known' is the "land of fish and rice," tee of the Hangchow Silk Printing and Dyeing Com- Chekiang was. China's first province to get an -plex, vice-chairman of the provincial .trade unlolt couneil, member the provincial Pafty per-hectare yielct alternate o{ av€rage grain of over 7.5 tons. committee and a.rnember of the stahdltg corfimlttde For a period of time, however, it was in a mess of the provincial revolutioaary committee.

lo Peking Retsteu, No. 6 Chekiang into disorder. In the moverne-l*lto thugs in Chengchow did everything they icize Lin Piao and Confucius in f9?$'thb Weng"ritjl.tr,.il'ihis could to paralyse railway transport and under- Shen-ho advocated "ignoring the rFi ' com- mihe the country's economic constructibn. Irr mittee in making'revolution" and heaetually did the frontier areas the gang deliberately sowed so. Adding fuel to the flames, lVang Hung-wen discord among various nationalities and disrupt- said Weng's "general qrientation is correet'!,aiid.;1, IEd the unity of the Chinese nation. In Hunan, called on the Chekiang provinciel'Fafty cdrn'-' he even made use of his pawns thereto oppose mittee to support him. IIe also dema.nded that Chairman Hua. In a word, he was bent on .stirring Weng be allowed to attend meetings rol the up trouble.in the whole eountry. Wher-'was standing committee of the provincial Pa"t5r *m- ever his sinister hand reached, there mittee, thereby enabling Weng to seize rilirrt of , disorder. the Party and government powet in Chekiang. ,Cousing Disarroy,Among .Centrol Under Wang Hung-wen's aegis and on his ' 'r'-1 Author-ilicr, instructions, Weng became so wild tliat'he opbn- ., ly called for "organizing some armed forces of , - 'jWangl }trung*wen not'only made a mess of our own." He took over control of the "militia thiugs in the.various localities, but also created command" and engaged in coercing and beating disorder in various leading organs'under the up people and in smashing and looting. Rashly central authorities and tried to split the Party admitting people into the Party and promoting Cent(al Committee. Behind the baclrs of Chair- new cadres at the double-quiek, he recruited mCn,Mao and the Party Ce4tral eommittee, he thugs and placed them in important posts in and Chang'Chun-chiao, Chiang Ching and Yao organs of the proletarian dictatonship. He 4ls Wen-yuan conspired and passed around among spread counter-revolutionary fallacies such as: themgelyes repgrts and other inforination con: "Don't produce for the erroneous line" and !'the cerning rnajor P*ty, goyernment and army Confucianists engage in production while the .. mattefs and wrote directives on them, He arbi- Legalists engage in rebelling," thtrs causing pro- trarily-,sxlsnded his power i4to areaS not under duction stoppages in some places. his responsibility and,meddled in the affairs of sorne ministries under the State Couneil in an This Weng Shen-ho was not only a newborn attempt to seize the leadership there. Abustng counter-revolutionary but also a big embezzler. the power he had usurped, he signed doctrments In an important directive, Chairman Mao point-' and wantonly issued instructions to bring pres- ed out that Weng was a bad element. But the sure to bear on some central departments.' Ttre "gang of four" deleted his name from it. policy of exporting oil was made by Chairman Why did they make this change in Chairman Mao himself, but lVang Hung-wen arrogantly Mao's directive? Because they renlized that if slandered it as "selling off resources." He fLa- people knew Chairman Mrc had expced Weng grantly denounced importing machinery and Shen-ho for what he was, it would imperil trIang equiprnent Chairman Mao had approved of as Hung-wen and the "ga4g of four" as a whole. practising "the philosophy of servility to things Wang Hung-wen w€rs not merely Weng Shen- foreign.l'..His attack was aimed directly at' . ho's behind-the-scene boss but the political Chairman Mao. represendative of Weng Shen-ho and his like. At a meeting.on planning work convened Through hEnchmen like',Weng Shen-[o, by the State Council, he personally came out Wang Hung-wen not only brO0ight tUrmoil to to stir up trouble and secneUy instigated Chekiang, but to Paoting in Hopei Provinee, his henchmen to open up a surprise attack, Chengchow (the provincial capital of Honan), clamouring that "there are quite many capltalist- Hunan, the {rontier regions and other places as roadersl' in the central department in charge, of well. :

In Paoting, he supported seizing weapons Unbeknown to the Political'Burenu of ,t$re frdm the army, grabbing food and grain and Party Central Committee, Wang Hung-wen robbing warehouses, so that fighting and "civil went, on the eve of the Foufth National People's war" went on there for a long time. He and ConSrgss, to see Chairmal Mao,o-n lehalf'of the

Febnrary 4, 1977

I '!ang of four" and levelled fars-e charges against would cgme to power and they themselves could Pnemier Chou and other central leading com- then usurp Party and state leadership. In 195? rades. Their attempt was to take advantage of when he exposed the policy of the bourgeois the 4th N.P.C to form their own "cabinet," but Rightists in their frantic attack on the Party, they were rebuffed by Chairman Mao. And it Chairman Mao pointed out: "It was a policy was lVang Hung-wen who ordered without au- designed to topple the Communist Party arid thorization that documents and minutes of created utter confusion everyrvhere to facilitate meetings of certain departments under the a take-over." (The Bourgeois Oriantntion of central authorities be sent to him for "perusal" "Wen EIui Bao" Sh.oul.il Be Criticized.) This was while actually he used them to fabricate charges also the policy of the "gang of four'l'- a bunch against a large number of Party and state of ultra-Rightists in the Party. ,leaders. Again it was: he who, immediately I after Chairman Mao's passing, used the VUong Hung-wcn'r True' Feotures name of the General Otfice of the Party It was under the signboard of a l'rebel" that pBntral Committee to issue orders to various Wang Hung-wen tried to bring chaos to the pro- provinces, municipalities and autonorhous letarian state and seize power. But what is a regions, trying to control the whole Party and rebel? By rebelling we mean to rebel against the whole country and sever the links between reactionaries. In the past" the revolutionary the Party Central Committee headed by Com- cadres of the older generatt'on followed Chair- rade Hua Kuo-feng and the local Party com- man Mao in making revolution and some Laid mittees. It was he who, after the death of down their lives in the fight to overthrow im- Chairman Mao, directed the attack on Chairman perialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism Hua and the Party Central Committee headed that weighed down on the Chinese people like by him. three big mountainsr Following this, the socialist Wang Hung-wen's resolve and careful plan- New China was founded. In the Great Cultural of ning to,create disorder among local and central Revolution, the Red Guards in their tens proletarian rev- authorities constituted an important tactic and a millions and the broad masses of great banner vile scheme of the "gang of four" to usurp the olutionaries, holding aloft the "ft supreme leadership of the Party and state. is right to rebel aglainst reactionaries," rose in the Disorder is a manifestation of class struggle, and rebellion against revisionism and toppled there is the question of who will be thrown into two bourgeois headquarters of Liu Shao-chi and disorder: the proletariat or the bourgeoisie. Lin Piao. They all are revolutiondries and rebels Chairman Mao always taught us to throw the who have performed meritoriotts deeds for the enemy into disorder and not vice versa. But, Chinese revolution. out of their fear that the cogntry should remain What kind of a rebel was Wang Hung-wen? stable, the "gang of four" shouted again and He rebelled against the dictatorship of the pro- again that "the more serious the disorder the letariat and against Chairman Mao and the Party better" and that disorder "brings vigour" and Central Committee. Over and over again Chair- "benefits." But what did they want to throw man Mao admonished him not to form a "gang into disorder after Bll? They wanted to cause of four" and get tied up with Chiang Ching. disorder in the Party, the army and among the However, he went to Chang Chun-chiao, Chiang people and plunge the proletarian state into Ching and Yao Wen-yuan to co4sult with them chaos. They said: "To cripple a factory means about everything. More than once Chairman putting another noose round the neck of the Mao enjoined 5i6''rtrptactise Marxism, and not secretar.y of the provincial Party committee," revisionism; unite, and don't split; be open and "overthrow those who can be overthrown, drive aboveboard, and don't intrigue and conspire." them away if they cannot be overthrown," "to But he still went his own way and conspired, seize the Wuhan Iron and Steel Company means created splits and framed charges against good taking over the city of \[uhan," and so on.and comrades. Flaunting thg banner of . "rebelling," so forth. All this laid bare their criminal aims. he not.only created counter-revolutionary opin- When there was disorder, they could shift the ion such as "so long as you gppose the leader' blame on to. others, bad elements of atl kinds ship, your general orientation is correct," but

12 Pekhq Revi,eu, No. 6 organized @unter-revolutionary contingents. the historical period of socialism in China, Facts prove that Wang Hung-wen was not a rev- there still exist the soil and conditions olutionary rebel at 4t, frri a dyed-in-the-wool engendering hew bourjeois elements, and counter-revolutionary .ultra-Rightist, a bour- it is not at all strange that a few scoun- geois careerist and conspirator of the Khrush- drels like Wang Hung-wen should emerge. chov type and an unrepentant capitalist-roader As a typical representative of the newborn bour- still on the capitalist road! geois elements, Wang Hung-yysn is a very good Was Wang Hung-wen a "leader of the work- teacher by negative example. Wearing the cloak ers"? He deliberately recruited from among the of a revolutionary, he was an dpportunist seek- workers undesirable persons and the dregs of ing his own gains, and he regarded "rebellion" society, riffraff, hooligans, thieves, despots and as something that could bring him .enorrnous plug-uglies, and banded them together to split profit. As tlme went by, he became greedier the ranks'of the working class and undermine and greedier and his ambition knew no bounds. 'socialist revolution and cronstruction. This fully In order to usurp the Party and state power and shows that Wang Hung-wen was a working- restore. capitalism, he teamed up with Chang class .renegade and a seab who betrayed its Chun-chiao, Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-yuan interests. to form a "gang of four." Was Wang Hung-wen a "newborn force"? Before his death, Chairman Mao saw No! He was an out-and+ut newborn bourgeois through the schemes of Wang Hung-wen and his elemeirt! After usurping a portion of -the power gang, and had made arrangements to smash of the central authorities, he grabbed everything them. Carrying out Chairman Mao's behests, the he could lay his hands on either through deceit Party Central Committee headed by Chairman or by force, and he committed all kinds of evil. Hua shattered the "gang of four" with one blow. He never read any books or newspapers but was As for Wang Hung-wen, he has been stiipped of interested only in trashy films. He lived a most his masks of a "rebel," "leader of the workers" extravagant and licentior.rs life; in fact, he out- and "newborn force" and exposed for what he did the capitalists ia '\is respect. He himself is - an ultra-Rightist. The fond dream of the knew he had already becone a bourgeois to the "gang of four" to throw socialist China under core.. Once he admitted, vrithout any sense of the dictatorship of the proletariat into disorder shame: "W'hen I'die, Marx will not receive me." came to naught. The fact that "pests" like Eve1y. great revolutionar5r movement in Wang Hung-wen have been constantly eliminat- history hns trire and pboney revolutionaries ed precisely shows that our Party, our state involved in it. lbis is unavoidable. in and our eause are thiiving.

(Cottinued from p. 1-) port As a result, the enthu- and worked together with siasm of the 100,000 workers workers. Despite subfreezing work.' 'This caused a seriousr .railway jarn and staff members for building temperaturas, workers traffic and adversely af- socialism was brought into full did their best to load and unload fected production both and the play. While taking an active goods faLter and load the trains people's livelihood irr many part areas. !n the mass movement to with more cargoes. t expose and repudiate the "gang Now scenes of bustling acti- of four| and that accomplice of After smashing the "gang of vity can be seen all atong the theirs in the bureau, they were four," Chairman Hua and the lines under this bureau. Both determined to make up for the Farty Central Committee cadres and workers pledge to losses caused sinister promptly made the decision to. by this greet gang. the national conference Strengthen the bureau leader- on learning from Taching in ship and bring about a rapid Leading cadres at various lev- industry with outstanding development of railway trans- els studied, criticized the gang achievements.

February 4, 1977 13 Znd Notionol Leorn-From-Tochoi Confercnce (l)

Tachoi Fights the Anti-Porty Gang

by Kuo Feng-lien

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The Second National Conference on l*orn- Guided W Choirmon MA,'.s reoolutiorwnt ing Frarn Tachai in Agriculture conueneil lrllst trlne, tlrc Tachai, Brigaile hai iteaelopil and' December'lU-27 by the Party Central Conm'ittee prospered through uaging ' u fierce stnqgle utos a conlerence of major significance. Clwir- against the cotnlter-reDolutionary rersisionist man IIu.a ilelfuqed an Lmportant speech ond. ti,ne ol Liu Shao-ehi anil Lin Piao. ln the pgst Vice-Premier Chen Yung-kuei gaue a report ot year or so it fought ielentlesslg against the the conference. lsee '|Peking Retsieu" Nos. I "gang .bf four)" Beloan aie ercetpts from the os.il 2, 197?.) speechbg Kuo Feng-lien, secretar! of the Tachai A series of artictes will be Wblisheil in this Bri,laile's Partg bronch, ot the second national weekty e*posing tlte "gang o! four's" ottenpts coriterence in uhich ehe recalled the Tachai ta sotiotage the ntoue'tnent to learn frow Tachai. peoptle's ogatuwt this gong. Eil. 'itt fight - ogriculiure anil ta buitd, Tachai-tgpe counties tlwowhout the country. The articl.es ill also rflHE Learning the achieocniatts attained since the First National Conference on &eierlbe I Tachai Agriculture, authorized by ','&r*l Noti,o*,al Conference on Leayding From From in great Mao,iwas held in idfui,held', in S epti'iib er-O ctob er I 97 5 ottd the our leader Chairman '*tril* potpects alter the of the September-October 1975. The conference which gJW fatl al !w,r."' was presided oven by Comrade Hua Kuo-feng was a mmPlete success. It set off a nationwide mass movernent to build Tachai- type eotmtics. The situation in our Tachai, too, was decidedly one oJ leaPing forward. However, for a whole Yeaf, we had to Put uP with interlerence and sabotage ; by the anti-PartY "gang of fgur." Tachai is a tinY mouri- tain village'of eightY-three househol&. Under the lead- of Chairman Mao and "".f,ipthe Party Central Committee we have siRce . liberationl I soul 'Ifuo Fotr8i-llGn (2tlit trotu right) strcklng cobs. worked heart' and t4 Pekirt4 Rer|iz.w, Ifo. 6 for the revolution and for building socialism. In 1964 our great leader Chairman Mao received in Peking our Party branch secretary Chen Yung-kuei, and issued to the whole country the great call: "In agriculture, learn from Tachai." Premier Chou, whom we hold in hi!1h esteem and whom we loVe, visited us three times. And despite his heavy work-load, Chair- man Hua in 1975 found time to go around.over all Tachai and give us most helpful instructions. Tabhai has grown in stature under the care and concern of Chairman Mao, Premier Chou and Chairman Hua. The poverty-stricken Tachai of the old society has changed beyond recognition. It is now quite well-off 'and has a flourishing socialist collective economy. Total output and per-hectare yield last year were more than five times those of 1953 and total income was 20 times higher.. Brigade members earned five, and a half tirnes more than they'did in 1g5S. As the socialist collective economy devel@ed, there was more and more marketable'grain,for the state each year. 'We bere contributing,otir share to the socialist rcrcIution and socialist construction Tachal Brigade membcrs tevcl hills and flU However, the Wang{ha[g{hiang-yao in gullles io bulld ..matr-made phfnc.; "gang of fdur" cane out againsf. Tachai and turiously attacked us in recent years, particu- herself high and mighty and was therefore en- larly ' from l9?5 on- ' ' titled to very special prerogitives. When pre. mier Chou came to factrai, he occupied only a Chiog Cl*rg Drop: Hcr Msrk two-room suite. But Chiang Ching took over the tourist bqreauls hostel.Iarge In September lgl5, when the cadres and enough to ac: commodate more masses of Tachai wcre prepa.ring for the upclom- than a hundred foreign guests, Our Premier Chou always ing national learn-trom-Tactrai cpnference, we cautioned us to guard extravagance wdre suddbnly told that Chiang Ching would lgainst and waste. Chiang Cfrini;' however, demanded this and that, and there se€med to be no end to her ishims. Now she played premier We'had host to'our Chou wanted her rooms sprayed with perfumA then and many other leading comrades from the cen- she wanted more carpets on the floor, and for tral authorities, but we had not met her before. curtains she wanted to have special ones of A, We thought Chiang Ching who was a Member particular dark colour. kemier Chou always in- of the Political Bureau of the party Central sisted that his visits must not in the ieast dis- Committee would help us by way of advice and turb the people or productio"- n"u Cii."l instructions as Premier Chou and other leading Ching slapped down six bans as soon as she comrades had done. Imagine our surprise when arrived: no blasting in farmland capital con- ure saw'she wars not like them at ail. Our first struction within 15 kilometres, no broadcasting impression was that she was so pompous and thrbugh the rediffusion network, no motor vehi- haughty. She came by special trairr agcompanied cles (except her own) should enter the village, by a retinue of more than a hundred, and no'blowers should be used in the "o-*rrrrity there were truckloads of food and lug- kitchen, no one should laugh or talk loudly and gage in addition to four fine horses toi riOing. no one was to be heard moving aSiiut where O\rr next impression was that she considered she lived. February lgl1 4, 15 While in Tachai, Chiang Ching did not do Everr w-hile she was talking to us about the any physical labour, did not go among the mass- book, we smelled a rat. And we were right. es and did not make any investigation and A few days later, we heard that Chairman Mao study. Instead, she sought every opportunity had given instructions not to publish or distri- tci show off. Every time she went up.figer bute her talk after Comrade Hua Kuo-feng had Head Hill she tucked a basket ulder her arm reported to him. So we did not organize our to pose for photos of her:under our wild pep- brigade memtrers to discuss her talk, nor did we pef trees, apple trees and among the vines. One print lVe just ignored what she had saifl. day she came out with the most extraordinary it. idea cjf digging, anrair-raid shelter on the hill, t Tochsi to give the imprbssion that she was "working" Robid Attocks on place in Tachai. Our is full of culverts and On her finst visit, we saw first-hand what . gullies, all excellent shelters. But Chiang Ching Chiang Ching was like. She was really an anti- insisted on digging a shelter and, of all the Party element. And we saw thbt within the places she could have picked, she wanied to dig struggle, but the strug- one in the middle of ,our ripening millet! We Party not only was theire were not too. happy at that. \[e uranted our gle probably was very intense. So we were not mitlet. We finatly managed to steer her to tlre surprised when a malignant wind sprang up tobacco patch. We quickly pulled up the tobac- not long after the conference. Tachai was at- co and let her dig. Actually,. thq shelter was tacked, the conference came under fire and the dug. for her. All she did was pose for tJre movement to build Tachai-type Countie was reporters to photograph and write her up sabotaged. Chiang Ching's three anti'Party "workingl' in Tachai. gangsters Wang Hung-wen; Chang Chun-chiao joined Another outrageous idea of hers was for and Yao Wen-yuap the attack against us to build a large suite of cave-dwellihgs for us, labelling us as followers of the "theory 6f het' exclusive use on Tiger Head Hill. She an- productive forces" because we were going all nounced that she would be coming to Tadrai out to build socialism and saying our slogan once a year. I said to myself: We are working "1vsrk hard to swiftly boost production" was "a to restrueture the land for production. \[Ihy reactionary slogan.'? But we were not intimidat- should we build a country villa for her here? ed. We continued our criticism of revisionism Moreo-ver, she said ihe was'couring only once and capitalism. We proclaimed more loudly than a year, why should we go 1e sU that bother? ever the slogan 'tstudy Marxism-Leninism, So we did nothing. criticize revisionism, fight capitalism, build socialism and head for communism!" We set to One day Chiang Ching called all our lxlor work determinedly to transform Tiger Head and lower-middle peasants to hear her qreak Hill, speed up farm mechanization and improve about the book Woter Morgin. We had just and increase our water @nservancy projects. heard what Chairman Mao had said about it: "The merit of the book l{'ater Margin lies pre- That anti-Party element Chiang Ching sud- cisely in the portrayal of capitulation It servcs denly descended again on Tachai last Septem- as teaching mqterial by negative example to ber 3. help all the people recognize capitulationist*" Before, we had always been too happy and Chiang Ching, however, told us: "The crux of excited to sleep wherrever we expected Premier the book WateylUlargtin was to make Chao Kai a figurehead-*" present,l' she added, "there "At t peasant war are people in the Party Central Committee who Woter fulorgin is a novel about a tornards the end of the' Northern Sung Dynasty are trying to make Chairman Mao a figure- (960-112? A.D.). Chao Kai is the leader of a,peasant hbad." She was blatantly cuntradicting Chair- uprising in this novel. After Chao Kai's death, Sung Ctriang, a representative of the landlord class who man Mao and directing her attack against some wormid his way into the ranks of the peasant in- Ieading comrades of the Party Central Com- surgents, usurps the. leadership and surrenders to rnittee. , the emperor.

16 Peking Reuicto, No. 6 Thorrght in the },ead, the spirit of hard struggle and self-reliance and the com- The Tachal Biigade and","' muniit style of loving the country and the collective." Tachai-Trpe Countiec After Chairman Mao issued the call, .6 TIHE Tachai Producti,on Brigade in the whole crountryside began learning from I north China's Shansi Province is the Tachai. This mass movement snowballed pace-setter on China's agricrrltural front. and many Tachai-type brigades and com- In 1975 it had 83 hor.rsetrolds numbering munes soon appeaied in.various parts of 450 people. Prior to tiberation, it was poo. the'aountry. In 19?0 Hsiyang Count5r, where rnountain village. 'After liberation, " Chen the Tachai Brigade is located, launched Yung-kuei, then secretary of the Tachai the learnJrom-Tachai movement in all its Party branch and now Member of the. communes and brigades. Grain output that year doubled that of 196? and Hsi- Political . Bureau of the Party Central yang County became China's first Tachai- Committee and Vice-Prerrier of the State t5rpe county. Ttre State Council convened Council, led the whole village in resolute- in 1975 a national conference on learning ly taking the path of socialist collectiviza- from Tachai in agriculture during which They worked persevering: tion. hard and Comrade Hua Kuo-feng delivered the re- Iy and succeeded in turning Tachai into a port "Mobilize the Whole Party, Make thriving and prosperous village. A funda- Greater Efforts to Develop Agriculture mental change took place in the mental and Strive to Build Tachai-Type Counties outlook of the people and farm production Throughout the Country." The movement rose swif[ly. trn 198( Chairman Mao called surged to a new high. Although the on the whole couatr5l: "In agriculture, movement met with interference and learn from Tachel- Premier Chou sabotage from the "gang of four," its summed up the basic experience of achievements were very great. Ttre num- Tachai in building a socialist nerri/ ber of Tachai-type counties increased village as follows: "Adherence to from some 300 in 19?5 to upwards of 400 principle putting the of . proletarian poli- in 19?6 which saw the country reap its tics in command and placing Mao Tsetung 15th consecutive rich harvest.

Chou, Chairman Hua and other'leading corn- she roared at me. "Why have you built a sty rades, but when we heard she was coming, here? Do you realize the polltical significance anxiety kept us awake. We of the Tachai Party of my airyraid shelter? Why didn't you Bend me branch knew no Gouurx)n language existed be- a report before you levelled it? How dare you!" tween her and us. .tLs sure as eggs is eggs, She worked herself up into a dithering rage, her coming boded no gd. slapping labels on right and l,eft. "firis is a political qluestion, erasing my ihelter! You've As soon as she stepped out oi her car, she b€come Tachai has politically belligerently said tb me: 'I(now what I've come conceited! becrome ,for? 'Fight the revisionist line!" backward!'! She not only cursed me and made \ me write, a self-criticism; but she wanted to She first of all deuranded to see hei "air- find the person backing us in what we had raid shelter.l' She probably expected to find done. the place fenced off and a sign singing her praises, She hit the roof when she found a Then she told us to take her to the chufa pigsty there. 'lWhere is my air-raidrshelter?" patch. She had brought chufa seeds the last

Febraary 4, 197V 17 time and wanted me to grow them. She also as if she hadn't a care in the wi:rld. Two hours . wanted a report from me on, them every'ten were spent packing her bags for.her and even days. I had handed the seeds over to our scien- after they were sent off she continued ,playing tific research team but had never sent any re- cards for another half hour. port to her. As soon as she had a look at the she yelped: You've over- chufa, "Terrible!.. Doun With thc "Gong Four," planted!" glared and shouted at me: 9f She Up With Prcduction "I got those seeds for yori and chose them myself. Why didn't you grow them yourself? Is Four d.ays after she left Tachai, we were this the way to treat me?" Muttering and curs- stunned" to learn that the great leader and ing, she grabbed a hoe and waded into the chufa teacher Chairman Mao had passed away. Every patch. She grubbed about a bit and then this Party member, ever;r poor' and lower-middle pampered bourgeois element, who only knew peasant and every commune member was how to have a good time and not to work, cried: plunged into inconsolable grief. We were also "Oh, I'm so tired. Why, I'm perspiring! Will filled with deep anxiety for the future of our someone take over irom me?" As I was stand- Party and our country. At this critical moment, ing behind her I offered to' but she snapped: the Party Central Committee headed by Chair- "I don't want you, You can't represent me!" man Hua adopted and put into action the bril- After that she headed for the lield where liant decision to smash the Wang-Chang-Chiang- we were experimenting with intercropping Yao anti-Party "gang of four." When the news. wheat with maize. The wheat already had been of victory reached us in Tachai, there was great gongs, harvested and maize plants with two ears each rejoicing. The sound of drums and fire- joy, were growing sturdily. Chiang Ching plunged crackers filled the air. Wild with all agreed right into the maize and began pulling off the that nothing could be better than having Chair- man lower ears which were smaller. She stormed: Hua as our leader. a mess you've made of your experimental "What The fall of the "gang of four" came as a these back to show the bri- field! I'm taking huge relief to us. It was like shedding a mon- gade What a mess your experiments members! strous. weight afound our necks. Of course we are. You're backward! Cbnceited!" She even were all for bringing them down. Our fight get whole Tachai work force threatened to the against this gang was a continuation of the fight out to pluck the lower ears from dll 40 hectares 1{ against the counter-revoluti,onary revisionist of maize. line of Liu Shao-chi and Lin Piao. It was a This was how Chiang Ching blustered when life-and-death struggle between the proletariat she was in Tachai. She hurled all sorts of and the bourgeoisie. We are determined to turn chirges at us and would have demolished Tachai this struggle to expose and criticize the counter- at. one blow if she c.ould have done it because revolutionary .crimes of the "gang of four" into she hated us so much. a movement for studying Marxisfn-I-eninism- Mao Tsetung Thought and use it to educate our Everywhere she went, Chiang Ching always cadres and. masses in the Party's basic line and loudly proclaimed: "On behalf of Chairman spur farm production. ! Mao, I. . .." But her actions belied her words' Her deeds showed how deep-seated her hatred -Exposure and criticism of the "gang of four" was for our grgat leader Chairman Mao. F.ot- over the past month or so have greatly.stimu- instance, when she received an urgent sum!6d9 lated the socialist enthusiasm of the cadres and from the central authorities to return imrntdi- brigade members and quickly brought about a ately to Peking on- the evening of September 5, new tipsurge in building socialism. Even when what did she !o? She knew very well that we were.busy bringing in the'autupn harvest, Chairman Mao was pritically iII but she behaved a team was irut to work on farmland capital

18 Peking Rersiew, No, 6 .i.1 . : constructi&ilii;tn !,few days the Date Orchard are deterxrined to carry fhe struggle to expose w88 gi\ren A,thorough golng-over and work be- and crittdze the anti-Party "gang of four" and gan on building renreral "man-made plains" and the struggle to criticize revisiorrism and capital- water conservancy projects. It ie freezing up ism through to the end, We wilt carry for"ward on figer Head Hlll but the work there goes on the revolutionary spirit of self-relibnce and at a firrious pace. hard work and, together with the people of the We know how big are trhe responsibilities whole country, fight valiantly for the early ac- we have to Sfoulaer in"the coming days. Guided complishment of the comprehensive moderniza- by the spirit of tho Second National Conferenc.e tion of our. country's agriculture; industry, na- or, t From Tachai in Agriculture, we tional defencre and science and technology. "*ir,g

A,,Genulne,,Fighter Going Agoinst

fhe Tide ,

q HOWING a hrgh g6se of revolutionary passing of Comrade Chen Yi "ls a great loss to L, reslrcnsibi[ty 8nd a tr€roic spirit ol going our Party and oup army." Even after this, against the tide, Cmrade Chu Chin-to of the Chang Chun-chiao and his followers continued Shanghai Yuehchu Op€ra Company wrote three to attack Comrade Ctren Yi and other leading letters to Chairman lf,ao and the Party Central comrades of the central authorities. This Committee between JuIy 19iI3 and August lg75 made Comrade Chu Chin-to even more in- posed exposing the anti-Party crimes of Chang Chun- dignant. Ttrat the "Bang of four" the Shanghai militia against the People's Liberation ctriao and Chiang Ching. Army also aroused .Gomrade Chu Chin-to's In a speech in Shanghai in 196?, Chang vigilancre. Chun-chiao openly posed as a "revolutionary Restudytng Chairman Mao's instruction Leftist" and vilified and attacked Comrade "Practise Marxlsm, and not revlsionism; unite, Chen Yi, who was then a Member of the Polit- arrd,don't split; be open and aboveboard, and ical Bureau of the C.P.C. Central Committee don't lntrlgue and conspire" reminded this and Vice-Premier of the State Council. Ttris young man of Chairman Mao's fervent hopes despiqpbte act lncensed Chu Chin-to and for the younger generation. So he decided to many other comrades in the opera company. write a letter to Chairman Mao. When Comrade Ctrcn Yi passed away in Jan;rary t972, Chairman Mao attended the Moin Contcnts of thc Lctter memorial D€€tlng in the capital. In his memorlal speedr kerrier Chou pointed out that He rvrote his first letter on July 28, l9?3. "Comrade Chen Yi was an exoellent member of In it he exposed how Chang Chun-chiao had the Chinese Communist Party and a loyal attacked Comrade Chen Yi and other leading fighter for the Chinese people't and that the comrades of the central authorities.

Februarg 4,7977 19 the Part5/s current poliey on litcratnre ud art;" Tlying to strangle the filq.so. that thsT ould negate Tar*rinA- a banner put up by Cbairman

, Mqo on the industrial front ' the ltrang4hary-Chianlg- Yao anti-Patty dique label- ted the f*fi xrith tea accusa- tions. ,This instriiction of Chairman Mao's 'dealt * heavy blow to the "ggng ol four.t',

When this happy lrews was spread, the people were Cbn .chlarac (ft** from lelt) .nd hr cornradcs wrltin3" \ elated. However, it was only big-c&*rretc! postcrs demuncing -gang..ef thc lour,.,, under strong pressure from . rln the masses that the followers his second-letter to Chairman Mao on of the "gang of four" in Shanghai's literary engGt 3, 19?5, he made the following points: and art circles were forced to relay Chairman l) Chaug Chua-chiao is ncit open and Mao's instruction. Chu Chin-to and his com- aboveboar{ notwithstanding that he is a Com- rades drew strength from it. muaist Party memler. He is aetually a base in the P4rty for Lin'Fiao to restore capital- Chu Chin-to and his comrades in the ism, 2) The organizational structure and equip- yuehchu opera company discussed these ques- ment of the Shanghdi militia should be made tion-s: Why,is there someone who wants to take known to Chairrnan Mao an$ all the oomrades all the credit of literary and art achievements for in the Political Bureau. The leadership in herself and style herself the ..standard-bearer,' militia work shotild unconditionally belong to of the ievolution in literature and art? Why do the Party Central Committee headed by Chair- some people want to kill the film pioaeers while man Mas. 3) $ome people often pretend.to be it really enjoys the acclaim of the masses? Why .acting in a positive role although they actually are literary and art workers'classified into so play a negative role. They are merely gather- many different ranks and grades, with the ing strength and are sure to make ilouble majority suppressed and persecuted, while a when the time eomqs. We must pay attention few are entitled to special rights, and.someone to this. 4) The life and security of Chairman bven could have become a vice-minister of the Mao'and Premier Chou should becorire a major State Council issue about which the whole Party and ihe after being in one opera? Is Chiang people of the whole country strould be eon- Ching the root cause of all this evil? cerned. At no time should we relax our Why does Chiang Ching take so much interest vigilance against plots by conspirators and in Empress Lu (wife of Liu Pang, first emperor careerists. of the Han D;nrasty, who for a time usurpgd state power after Liu Pang's death)? Why does On July 25, Chairman Mao 1975, ehang Chun-chiao .Iaud Chiang Ching to the a written 'instruction on the film skiq'? Is there a bigger scheme behind all this? "There is no [ig ertor in this film. it be approved for distribution- Don't On August 26, Lg75, inspired by Chairman Mao's instruction on the film, Chu Chin-to again is.going tbo far. It hampers the adjustment of wrote a letter to Chairrnan Mao in which he

20 Peking Retsieu, flo, A gave his views on Chang Chun-chiao and Chiang He said: "It was Chairman Mao wtro trained me Ching. He wrote: Chairman Mao; how are you? ' to be a revolutionary litenary and art worker When your instruction on the film Pioneers was and Chairfnan Hua who liberated me frqtf the rhhde known to.us on the 23rd of this month, shackles of the 'gang of four."' Witli deep many thoughts filled my mind. Ttrere is one hatred for the "ga!g of_ four," he and his com- question which perplexes us. Why do some peo- rades immediateljr,plunged theirrselves into the ple always extol Chiang Ching? Why do they struggle to extrrcse and criticize the gang. acclaim her as perfect? Do they do it out of Renmin Ribao published a commentary r'A respect and love for Chiang Ching? It seems Genuine Fighter \Mho Goes Agalnst the Tide" not. They may do it out of ulterior motives. on the story of Chu Chin-to. It said: Possibly they want to dominate the country, "Going against the tide'is a Marxist-Leninist principle." with.her as "Empress Lu." \f,Ie are a new gene,r- There are two kinds of tides according to the ation nurtufed and brought up by the Party direction of the flow. One is revolutionary and and Chairman Mao. We won't let the great progrcsive, the other reactionary and retr+- cause pioneered by the revolutionaries of the gressive. When an erroneous tide rises, a Com- older generation be lost. We mtrst, at all times, munist or revolutionary must act without: watch out for a restoration of capitalism and a consideration of self, fear neither imprisonment the coming to power of revisionism- It is easier the guillotine come forward to handle problems $te[ during yorrr lifetime. nor and bravely to expose and repudiate errors. These are valu- While we treasure today, we also keep a vigilant ed qualities heroie Revolutionary eye on the days to cpme. and conduct. teachers like Marx, Lenin and Chairman Mao are all brilliant. example-s of goihg against the Persistcnf SUugglc . tide. Under their lnspiration, this revolution- The "gapg of four' discovered that.Chu ary spirit is guiding the concrete action of the Chin-to had writteo letters to Chairman Mao, revolutionary people in China. So they used the povcr they had usurped to It is the revisionists''trick to use Marxist sabotage Party ,licdpline and the law of the phraseology to oppose Marxism. Like many state and trample th people's legitimate rights other revolqtignary slogans, "going against the underfoot. They iltegrlty accused Chu Chin- tide" was taken over by the of four" to to of being a "ounter-rwolutionary" and put "gang serve their purposes. Under this slogah, they him into cr.rstody and tnder investigation. Even passed themselves off as "heroes going against the omrades around hirrr yer€ tracked dorvn. the tide" and wanted to strike down this one DuriDg his traaotb imprisonmeqt, today and that one tomorrow. They opposed Cmrade Chu Chin to redoubled his efforts in anyone who refused to accept their views. In rufiltng (luirorn lro's works, especially their lexicon, this slogan meant going against ,(hdirnan ferfr critkim on the chieftains of the tide of revolution. the ogryctmirt IirE tr tbe Party like Wang All reactionaries are idealists. The "gang Ming and Ctang Kuo{ao. Tlris made Chu see of four" believed that China would be theirs if rnore clearly the r€eidonist features of Chang only they took over the slogan of "going against Chun-chiao and Chiang Ching. He was con- the tide" and suppressed the revolutionary peo- vinced that this gang of revisionists wpuld ple who act on the slogan in its real meaning. some day be hauled into the dock by the people. Contrary to their expectations, the more wildly Last October, eaf,rlring or.rt Chairman Mao,s. they carried out their anti-Party activities, the behests, the Party Centrat Committee headed more fighters going against the tide emerged; by Chairman Hua smashed at one blow the They could only end up by drowning themselves "g ng of four's" qchemes to usurp the Party in the va$t.ocean of the surging struggles of the and state power. Chu Chin-to was liberated- people's revolution.

Febtway 4, 1977 21 C.M.E.A. Ridden With Difficulties

ililllililrtlililnll!illlllllilllll!ililIlItttilililllllilllllllililililnllllllllllllllllllllIllllt rftOUGH going in industrial production, harvest often find they do not have enough to do at I shortfalls, heavy grain imports, price rises, the factory." inflation, slqyrocketing foreign debts and mount- ing trade'deficits-these are the disastrous I Crgp Foiluree consequences brought to some East European Agricultural production in East European countries by. the "economic integration," "in- countries has 'also_ been enormously affected. ternational division of labour" and "specializa- - Serious crop failures occurred in some of these tion in production" enforced by Moscow within countries last year. The years 1975 and igZO the framework of the Qouncil for Mutual were recorded as "the worst years in (Polish) Economic Assistance (C.M.E.A.) to intensify agriculture." Poland has had poor harvests three Soviet control and plunder. years running, resulting in a los.s of 90,000'million zlotys in agriculture and livestock breeding. Dislocotion in lndustry Grain imports have spiralled in the country with The Soviet Union has drawn large amounts a population of less than 35 million people. Po- of manpower, funds and eguipment from land imported about one million tons of grain an- East European industry to exploit its natural nually in the 50s but in the 60s the figure rose to resources and undertake new projects. This has about two million tons. It has even imported gravely affected economic construction in some more than seven million tons of grain annually countries there. in the past two years, more than 200 kilogram- mes for every PoIe per year. Animal husbandry In Poland, the investment growth rate has has fared no better. In 1975, the number of hogs slowed down in the past few years and construe- in stock was riearly 900,000 below plan and that quite projects tion of a few has stopped halfway. of other big animals 250,000 less than the plan- In Hungary, some of the major targets for ned figure. The meat procurement plan fizzled economic development set in the 1976 state plan and meat fell short of supply in the market as were not met and investments in a number of a result of another drastic reduction in the major projects failed to be made as planned. number or hogs and other 31i6els in stock last Similar failures took plaee in other countries. year. Once noted for its meat exports, Poland' imported more than 55,000 tons of port hst year. Since 19?5; the Soviet Union has sharply pushed up the prices of fuel and raw materials Grain, potato and sugar beet output in the Republic was one-third less exported'to the East European eountries arid cut German Democratic than planned last year. The G.D.R. was forced to baek on their export quotas. For example, the borrow more than 1,000 million West Gersran price of petroleum rose 130 per centrin 19?5, 8 marks for grain purchases beca.use the Soviet per per year. cent in 1976 and 22 cent this This Union failed to meet its needs. has led to drastic inereases in costs of manufac- production tured goods in the East European countries and Czechoslovakia did not fulfil plans grain, fodder, sugar beets, potatoes forced them to export more machinery and for and other farm products in 19?5 and 19?6. It agricultural produce to Mescow to pay lor the had to earmark several thousand million korunas raw dearer Soviet oil. Owing to the shortage of last year for'prrrchases of graln from abroad, materials and energy, quite a number of fac- the West in particular. In 19?6, Hungary had a tories in these countries have stopped work or reduced output of autumn crops. Plans for are operating under capacity. An article in a vegetables and potatoes failed to materialize. U.S. magazine noted that "all through Poland, in fact, 800,000 workers fail to show up for U.S.-compiled statistics show that total work every day. One reason cited is that they grain purchases by Poland, the G.D'R. and

22 Peking Renicrtt, No. 6 Szecltqslovakia, fur the world market rose frorn flation, thus further increasing the burdens on 9.4 rnl lion tgns in 10?3-74 to 11.9 million torrs the workiug people. Last July the Polish authori- ' 'commodi- in 19?5-?6 and ari anticipated l3.i million tons ties raised retail,prices of a number of in 19?6-??. ties. The average.price of feed rose 45 per cent, trabtors 30 per cent, cement 60 per cent and . H;ov, Forcign Debs timber 45 per,cent. Many of these commodities As a result of heary Soviet erploitation, are partly imported from the Soviet Union- In foreign debts incuri',ed by the East European 19?5, for instarice, prices of wheat, cement and countries are rapidly. rising- Poland, the G.D.R., woocl imported from the Soviet Union went up Hungary Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria have 45, 74 and 12 per eent respectively compared obtained more than 20,000 million U.S. dollars with 1974. in loarx fiom the West, including some short- The Hungarian authorities have announced term loans with high interest rates. Poland now price rises six times sinie January 1975. For owes tlie West 9,000 milliou U.S. dollare, while. instance, retail prices of meat and fish rose 30 exports of certain hard crrrrenry earners have per cent on an average and sugar 50 per cent. ddclined as some of them have now to go to the With the big hike in the price of Soviet crude oil Soviet Union instead of to the West. On the early in 19?5, the prices of kerosene, engine oil other hand, there has been a girowing need'of and benzine in Hurrgary were upped accordingly. foreign exchange for importing grain and raw In some East European countries, according to materials. AII this has kept increasing Polish a Western press report, "the factory manager debts. resbrts to hidden pric,e increases. Allegedly 'new' Meanwhile, foreign trade deficits of certain or 'improved' products are launched, under new, East European countries have markedly gone up. higher prices of'course." This is quite comrnon fhe Polish deficit in fyIS and 1976 was more in these countries. than 2,000 million U-S- dollars each, with 1976. \ What Moscow has done in East European being "the most difficrrlt 5rtat'' in foreign trade.' countries has aroused ever stronger resentment among the people; Commenting on the situati,on Shott.tlorb Srfplier there, the Western press recently pointed out Poor industrial ad rgdcultural production that economic strains a'dding to political un- and financial diffiqrftEs have resulted in short certainties 4re plaguing certain countries in ma*et suppliec, in rtfrocleting prices and in- Eastern Europe.

,976 ia Revfor $viet Union Runs lnto Snags ln.,tliddle East

f ASf year, the Soviet Union stepped up ag- men in the Caucasus Region adjacent to the Mid- r-r gression in the lfliddle East to intensify its dle East to threaten the countries there by force- €ont€htioh with the United States. Moscowfs In April, Soviet warships sailed into the Gulf infiltr4tiott and subversion in the countries of Aden in a show of force to the countries on thei€ W€fe accompanied by military expansion the Arabian Peninsula. Then in mid-year, a and intimidation. large number of military vessels induding land; Early in the year, it staged military exer- ing ships with many marines aboard and the cises involVing tens oI thousands of officers and first Soviet aircraft car-rier Kieu were dispatched

Februory 4,1977 $r9p ttre Black Sea via Dardanelles and Bos- "is in fact an imperialist country" and a "most hqtrs to reinforce the Soviet fleet in the Medi- t,,, dangerous enemy." tgrtanean. At one time the number of its : warships jumped to over ?0 far outnumbering Blow for Blow the U.S. Sixth S'leet thi:re. This se:iously ag- More and more Middle East countries gravated the Middle East situation and threat- waged a,tit-for-tat struggle against Soviet hege- ened the security of the oil sea rouG from the monisrtr in 1976. Egypt resolutely abrogated Middle nuut to E rop", the Americas and idpan. its "treat5r of friendship and c'o+peration" with the Soviet Union in Marr:h and then cancelled Joint Dbf,ence Strengthened port facilities for the Soniet navy. Ttre Middle East people came to see mone Adhering to ,t't anti-imperialist, anti- from actions that the root clearly the Soviet colonialist and anti-hegemonist stand, the 'the cause of Middle East turmoil lies in the Sudanese Governrnent.'became an obstacle to contention.betwqen the two hegemonist powgrs, Soviet infiltration and expansion in tb,e Middle the Soviet Union and the Unit€d Stateg the .East and Africa. fhis.is why the Soviet Union former being the more dangerous. Therefore, ., repeatedly carried out subversion against the the Midd1e,East countrles all cal€d for strength- country. tn JUly, the Soviet chieftqins once ening national defenee and safeguarding na- again had a hand in an ,armed subversive con- tional security. Confronted by the real threat, spiracy against the Sudanese Government and some countries took measures to strengthen . were strongly condemned by Sudanese leaders tlreir unity in a joint struggle against the ag- and public opinion. gression and eNpansion by the two superpowers.. In order to realize the old tsars' dream ot joint Egypt and ,the Sudan signed a deferrce thrusting southward into'the Persian Gulf, the agreement; it was decided at a summit con- new tsars tried to blackmail hnd intimidate ference countries and Saudi Arabia of the two Iran.. Ttre Soviet propaganda machine clamour- strengthen co-operation and mutual to their ed that Iran had. "no justification" for buying political, support'in the military and ecronomic arms'to reinforce its defences. In meeting the The organization fields. of "regional @pera- : Shahanshah of Iran on instructions from hiS tion developmentl' Iran,,Pakistan and for of Kremlin bosses, the Soviet ambassador blatant- Turkey held a1 summit conference a amidst ly declared that the Soviet Union was "uneasy" qharp The rise of the Soviet threat. struggle of ove1 Iran's purchases of weapons. The Shah- Mediterranean countries make the Med- the to anshah angrily asked the Soviet ambassador iterranean their sea and that the Red Sea of to inform Brezhnev of Iran?s Fdoncern" about region eountries to safeguard the security of the " some Soviet acts which l'Iran would not toler- gathered momentum. Taking tlreir cpmmon inate," Then, i4 the capltal iof East Azerbaijan terests into account, the Gulf countries and the Frovince bordering on the Soviet Union, the Arabian Peninsula solved countries on the Shahanshah issued a militant call to get pre- Iongstanding problems among themselves pared for a nationil and patriotic war against through friendly consultatiorls and beefed up aggfession. . : their forces in the united struggle against hegemonism. Leaders of many countries frequently Ttre pgople of the Middle East in 1976 also exchanged visits last year to d€9"S their im- saw more clearly the truth of the Soviet Union's portant questions ilclgdine the Ctruggle against sham support but real betrayal of the just cause hegemonism, the Soviet' threat' in particular. of the Palestinian and other Arab people. Ac- fne tirst meeting of the Gutf countries' foreigf tually, the Soviet Union does not want to settle ministers in Noyember was an inspiring new the Middle East and Palestine guestions. What step in their joint struggle against hegemonisrn- it seeks is to carry out expansion in the Middle Publie ppinion in more and rnore Arab cpuntries East, overpower the United States and dom- unequivocally pointed out that the Soviet Union inate the area by tat

24 Peking Reuicus, No. 6 sion and turmoil there. Seizing the opportunity But the Arab unity which was tempered in of last year's U.S. preoccupation with general the October War represents general 'earth a strong elections, it raised a hue and cry for convening trend no force on can hold back. the Geneva conference to realize an "overall Smashing Moseow's interference arrd sabotage, and radical political setUement in the Near the government heads of Egypt, Syria, Saudi East." This Soviet move was rejected by Arabia and Kuwait held a conference in June. various quarters concerned. It also opened the A summit conference of Syria, Lebanon, the eye.s of more Palestinian people to the Soviet PLO, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in Oc- scheme to sell out the Palestine cause. The tober, was followed, by the eighth Arab summit Soviet attempt to inveigle and coerce the Pales- confeience. These conferences fully displayed tine Liberation Organization (PLO) into recog- the Arab people's spirit of mutual understand- nizing Israel which still occupies the Pales- ing and accommodation and friendly consulta- tinians' homeland was firmly opposed by the tion, which puts common interests above every- PLO. One PLO leader angrily declared that thing else. The agreements reached constituted this point in the Soviet "initiative2' "cannot be a good start for solving the Lebanon question accepted." by the Arab countries"themselves. As a late arrival on the scene, Ssviet social- Divisive Plotr Rrilcd imperialism is more ferocious, crafty and avari- The experience gained in the struggle cious than old-line imperialism. Elowever, during the year made the Arab people realize countries want independenee, nations want with greater clarity the importance of unity. liberation and the people want revolution- this The Soviet Union, however, has a deep hatred has become an irresistible trend. Soviet ag- for Arab unity. It classifies some Arab coun- gression and expansion in itself bears the seeds tries "progressive" and others "reactionary," .in of failure. This was borne out by the fact that order to sow discord amons them. By directly Moscow was exposed and defeated in the Mid- interfering in Lebanon's internal affairs, Mos- dle East in 19?6. A Western news agency cow supported one party in attacking another pointed out that Soviet fortunes in the Middle one day and did the relverse the next, changing East had descended to their lowest point in near- sides three times in te1 days: Even alleging ly a decade. One 'fsenior source" in'the Soviet that "the hostiiities in Lebanon are being fanned Union sadly said: "We have been reminded up by Arab reaction' it tried to incite Arabs again of the extent to which we cannot control to fight one anot'her our Arab friends."

Sugar Erporting Countries Step Up United Struggle Against Hegemonism

*tHffl about 25 per cent and over 50 per cent of the 197 6 J:T,,X',,,1I" ffi: world's total sugar output and exports respec- tries in their struggle"'ffi to defend their interests tively. For many years, however,. countries in sugar exports and against control of the there have b.een made victims of exploitation world sugar markets by international monopoly and plunder by the international monopoly capi- capital groups. This is an important aspect of tal groups controlling the world sugar markets, the Latin American countries' united struggle bringing heavy economic losses to them. To against hegemony in the economic field. shift their economic crisis burden, international monopoly eapital groups have so manipulated Economic Losses sugar prices that in the past year or so, the One of the world's major cane-sugar pro- world market prices have sharply declined. ducing regions, Latin America accounts for From late December of lg?5 up to the end of

Februarg 4, 1g?7 25 19?6, the raw sugar price in the London market countries constitute an important force in the dropped 25 per cent and in the New York market third worldls joint struggle against hegemonism defending prices prlmary prod- 46 per cent. Raw sugar was priced at only 7 and for the of American Philippine U.S. cerits a pound, far below the cost. As a ucts. The Iberian and set up result, the Latin American sugar exporting Sugar Cane Producers Confederation was in Mexico City in FebruarSr lasi year. The sugar countries suffered great losses, their foreign ex- cane grolVers of nine Latin American sugar pro- greatly foreign change earnings declined and ducing countries and the Philippines forming trade imbalance worsened. Countries whose the confederation expressed determination to sugdr was their principal export item were the co-oidinate actions with their governments worst hit. The Dominican Republic whose su- in the struggle for rational sugar prices. gar exports used to make up two thirds of its prices foreign exchange earnings is an example. Be- At a time when sugar fell drastically on international markets, the U.S. Governroent cause of the lowered sugar price, the value of suddenly announced last September the increase sugar e;

26 Peking Revieu, No. 6 New Tsors' Deeds Don't Motch Words

f,|EFORE the U.N. General Assembly closed its the establishment of regional nuclear-free zones, r-, 31st Session towards the end of 1g?6, the had for a long time actually refused to sign representatives of 97 countries at the First Com- Additional Protocol II of the Treaty for the mittee, by an overwhelming majority, adopted Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin a resolution agairi urging the Soviet Union to America. "This attitude of the Soviet Union's sign and ratify Additional Protocol II of the is a typieal example of saying one thing and Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons doing another," the statement said. Gromyko's in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco). "memorandum" makes this "typical example'l In 1967, 2l Latin American countries even more striking. approved this treaty under which the world's Why does Moscow refuse to sign Additional first nuclear-free zone as defined in the form Protocol II? Because it does not want to be of a treaty was to be set up. This expressed the restricted in its expansion and infiltration in strong desire of the Latin American countries Latin Aoerica. This is obvious from its actions. to maintain security and regional peace. Addi- As early as 1962, the Soviet Union tried to in- tional Protocol II to this treaty requests nuclear- stall nuclear weapons in the Caribbean region. weapon states to respect the stipl'lations in the As part of its accelerated military expansion all treaty, not to perform any acts of violation nor over the world in recent years, the Kremlin has to use or threaten to use nudear w@Inns ., set up logistic support bases in the Latin Amer- against the coatracting inrties of the treaty. ican region for its nuelear-armed naval and Nuclear-weapon states indurling Chino, Britain air units. Soviet nuclear-armed flotillas have and Erane have one after theother signed and been active in the Caribbean and, since the ratified Additional kotocol II, expressed their ' Angola incident, have extended direct military rcspest for this auclear-free zone and pledged threats to the western coast of the South to this end. Nearly t€n years have passed, but Atlantic. ^Union the Soviet has all ilong stubbcirnly The new tsars'intensified military activities refused. to sign the protocol in the Latin American region are a direct At the beginning of the 31st Session of the menace to the nuclear-free zone tfrere and have U.N. General Assembly last September, Soviet caused growing apprehension and vigilance in Foreign Minister Gromyko submitted for dis- the Latin American countries. The vote in the cussion a "Soviet memorandum on the cessation First Committee of the U.N. General Assembly of the arms race and on disarmament." Article is another merciless exposure of the new tsars' 7 of the "memorandum" contains the captivating "peace," "disarmament," "detente" and similar profession of Soviet "support" for the pro- cheap propaganda. posals of countries of various regions in the Moscow's adamant attitude towards the world for the establishment of nuclear-free nearly lO-year-old Treaty of Tlatelolco shows zones and "readiness to co-operate in putting that it would be illusionary to expect real "sup- into effect these proposals." What real value port" and "co-operation" of the Kremlin in is there in these high-sounding words? In a setting up peace zones in such regions as the In- statement on May 19, 1975, the Agency for the dian Ocean, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin Africa, and Southeast Asia zones the third America (known by its Spanish aeronym world countries have eagerly proposed- establish- OPANAL) sharply pointed out that the Soviet ing. It would be like expecting to catch fish in Union, while talking glibly about supporting a tree, as the old Chinese saying goes.

Febraary 4, 19?7 27 Uarmly Greeting Gomrade llua f,uofeng lssuming Posts of Ghairman of G.P.C. Gentral Gommittee lnd Chairman ol lts ililitary Commission

Messoge From Choirmon letter tb Chairman Hua Kuo-feng on N

28 Peking Reoi.eu, No. 6 pledged to fight for democratic ROUND freedoms in their Soviet oc- THE WORLD cupied nation." In commentaries, the Moscow paper Izuestio and TASS at- D.P.R.K taken out forthwith and U.S. troops withdrawn. tacked "this campaign" in 4-Point Notionol Solvotion Czechoslovakia as "publicly di- Proposol 3. The source of discord with- rected against the Soviet Union The Workers' iarty of Korea, in the nation must be removed and trying to write off the sb- the Korean Democratic Party, and an atmosphere of great na- cialist gains of Czechoslovakia." the Chondoist Chongu Party, tional unity created. Freedom They declared that it was an the Central Committee of the of speech, assembly, etc., must attempt to "resurrect counter- Democratic Front for the Reuni- be ensured to those desiring revolution," meaning the Czech- fication of the Fatherland and peaceful reunification and oslovak people's opposition 14 other political .parties and patriots and democratic person- to the Soviet occupation of their public organizations rriet on ages arrested and imprisoned country in 1968. The London January 25 in gongyang to must be released. paper Obseruer reported that discuss such questions the Soviet ambassador, who as the 4. A north-south political prevention of a permanent split had just returned from Mos- consultative conference com- in the nation, the elimination cow, "has begun consultations posed of representatives of all of the danger of war and an with Czechoslovak leaders." political parties, public organi- early realization of the indepen- zations and people ol all strata Under Kremlin pr

2. Tenslpn between north Moscow's rulers are worried. PAL€STINE and south must be eased and Western news media have the danger of a nudear war pointed out that the charter Tvelve Yeors of Armed removed. Struggle The nuclear base in "coincided with the growing . south Korea muSt be dismantl- unrest in Poland, East Germany January 1 was the 12th anni- ed, all weapons of destruction and the Soviet Union" and versary of the Palestinian including' nuclear wealnns those who signed it "are armed struggle. In the past

Febru,ary 4, 1g?? 29 12 years, the Palctinian ference on .a "political solu- The economy is in a complete guerrillas have grown steadily tion" and thus make them a mess. Last year's inflation rate in strength and dealt the enemy pawn in its contention with the was over 40 per cent, the heavy blows. Particularly dur- U.S. imperialists for the Mid- foreign trade deficit reached ing the two Middle East wars dle East. 3,5fi) mill.ion U.S. dollars and of 1967 and 1973, they made an The Palestinian . people's the unemployment rate rose indelible contribution by fight- struggle for the return to their from 3 per cent to 5 per cent. ing behind the enemy lines in homeland is insepa.rable from Particularly noteworthy is that support of the struggle by the the struggle of the Arab coun- Israel's foreign ddbt has gone as troops of Egypt, SYria and tries to recover. their Iost ter- high as 10,?00 million dollars, other Arab''countries against ritories. Co-ordinating clcely the gross Israeli aggression. which equal to with each other, the two armeC nati,onal phoduct in 1978. The Israel has eEain and again forces pounded the enemy like foreign debt for tle population Stricken sent troops to attack Palestinian two 1rcwerful fists. of 3.3 million thus comes to an with panic, the superpowers and guerrilla bases in an. attempt to average of more than 3,0fi) dol- Israel used various tricks to remove all of them. It is not lars per person, at all strange that,the IJ.S. im- sow dissension in the relations perialists support Israel in its between the Arab countries 'Life is very hard for the attack on the Palestinian armed and Palestine and undermine people. The lowest household forces. Citting itself the "nat- their solidarity so as to knock living costs averaged 910 Israe ural ally" of the Arab people, them down one by one. U pounds in 1968, while in the Soviet Union is even more 19?5 it rose 3,8?0 pounds. ISRAEL to insidious. It labetled the Fales- Last year's retail price index, tinian people's armed struggle Economy in Complete however, went up over 40 Mess as "adventurist" with the aim per _ cent. Workers in many of strangling it in the cradle. .Israel again devalued its cur- factories time and again have When this failed, it came up rency by 2 per cent on January gone on strike in protest against with another gimmick: While 16. Before and since then, soaring living costs. professing support for the Pa1es- 7,000 Israeli employees in the Huge military expenditures tinian armed forces, it des= tax department went on strike perately advocated a "political demanding higher wages and have aggravated Israel's eco- solution" of the Middle East improved living conditions. noinic difficulties. Military ex- problem in an effort to induce Three thousand vegetable and penditures took up 42 per cent and force the Palestinian people fruit merchants and pedlars of budget last year. The countrY to abandon their armed strug- struck in protest against the is now eating the bitter fruit gle and bring them into the or. government's increased tax on of long years of wanton 3ggres- bit of the so-called Geneva con- them. sion and expansion.

I ' (Contlnued Irom p. 26.) GLACSEC io wage a common struggle. At meetings held recently in Washington, the rep- Caribbean countries over this matter. They resentatives of sugar exporting countries one made it clear that common efforts will be made after another expressed opposition to this self- to keep up sugar prices and oppose the increased seeking measure of the United States. U.S. sugar import tax. The Councii of Minis- ters of the Caribbean Community met in The joint struggle of the. Latin American Guyana, and decid.ed to lodge a protest with the sugar exporting countries against economic U.S. Government. They also decided to contact hegemony is continuing to unfold.

30 Pelcing Reoieus, No, 6 of four" thoroughly and go all ON THE HOME FRONT -- out to grasp revolution and promote production. Neo Teactoa Plant Shantung Province, the plant rnHE Shantung Tractor Plant, has a designed capacity of Dirct CountU-W-rdc I a large modern enterprise 10,000 tractors a year. The Facsltntlc Cornntunlea- built through self-reliance, was major parts such as engines tlone and gears are rnade by itself. put into operation on December SINGLE-CHANNEL facsi- It is now produeing the 2E A 26 last year. h.p. r r communications "Taishan" tractor designed mile net- by work for public Located in Yenchow County Chinese technicians the was com- and work- pleted in the southwestern part of ers. in Itu County in central 'south China's Hrrpeh Province. Ttre first of its kind in a county, this network links the county seat and its oommunes as well as the different communes. Fac- simile csmmunications from ltu to Wuhan and Peking and to the Inner Mongolian Autonomoue Region and other border areas has also been successfully tried out.

Facsimile communications irs a modern technique in pet and communications. It can rapidly transmit documents, newapa- pers, letters, photos Al assembly llne and charts at the Shantung from one place to another in Tractor Plant. their,original form. In the past, when telegrams sent within ltu County were relayed by tele. phone or code, mistakes were apt to occur and timely delivery could not always be guaranteed. The facsimile transmitter now in use does quick and acrurate work. It takes only six minutes Ttoo O:t of Osc Kailan Coal Mine in Hopei to transmit a document the -size Province. of a sixteenmo. f\ OLLIERIES under the Yang- The Party committee of the \,r chuan CoaI Mining Bureau Neu Gencru.l Yangchuan Coal Mining Bureau Petrochetnicul I[-orka in Shansi Province aII achieved held a celebration meeting at their plans for doubling the which messages of greetings rnHE Shengli General Petrp- designed capacity of 6.21 million from the Ministry of CoaI In- I chemical Works, a large tons of coal on December 28, dustry and the Party Committee modeirn petrochemical complei, 1976. They turned out- 12.47 of Shansi Province were read was completed in Shantung million tons, or twice their out. The workerr and staff ex- Province. yearly output quota. pressed their determination to It consists of an oil refinery, ansvrer the call issued by the No. 1 and No. 2 chemical fer- This is the second large coal Party Central Cofnmittee tilizer plants, a catalysts plant mining bureau to double its headed by Chairman Hua to and a synthetic rubber plant. output, the first being the expose and criticize the "gang They produce over 30 kinds of

Febru,arg 4, 1977 31 Prefecture 4,200 metres above sea level. This is the first time tL ,t in China and in the world that n zuch fossils have been found at it * this altitude d )t,. Ftom five spots in an area of x, i some ten square kilopetres, the s scientists excavated more than four tons of dinosaur and fish *il- fossils including vertebras, ribs, z limbbones, fragments of skull + and a large number of teeth. It n has been confirmed that the E E dino.saur faxsils belong to 11 * species, mainly the Sauropoda trL dating from 160 140 million *r The Stc*dt GcDertl tsGtro6hcElcrl Workr. to , years ago. ,t comlletion and commissioning A petrocheinicals including gas: t olene, kerosene, diesel oil and of the complex marks a new The new discovery is of great development province's tar. in the significance in studying the I )L petrochemical industry and will causes for the rise of the Ching- The project began in April help boost its industry, agricul- was hai-Tibet Plateau, the history of = 1966 . and the oil refihery ture and transport. put into operation in October geological development, the 1967. Other factories have gone Dinoaarur /torgdflrt on evolution of ancient plants and up successively since 19?0. The c.froot ol thc Verldt? animals, the geographical envi- No. 2 chemical' fertilizer plant /'t HINESE scientists have dis- ronment, climate and topo- turns out 300,000 tons of (-r covered a number of dino- . graphical features in ancient synthetic ammonia a Year. The saur fossils in Tibet's Changtu , times.

(Continueil from p. 28.) strengthened in the future. Unswervingly loyal to Marxism-Leninism and the principle of pro- glorious and coprect Marxist-Leninist Party. Ietarian internationalism, the Marxist-I,eninist Not only has it been leading the Chinese revolu- Communist Party of Greece will unite more tion, but it has made tremendous contributions closely with the Communist Party of China and to the international communist movement. devote all its energy to the victory of the com- We Marxist-Leninists in Greece /tgard mon struggle against imperialism, social-im- the Communist Party of China as the great perialism, modern revisionism and iaternational defender .of Marxism-Lerrinism and the van- r€action. guard lighter for the revolutionary cause of the worJd proletariat, the oppressed people and tt* nations. Messages were also received from the Com- There are longstanding revolutionary ties munist Party of India (M-L), the Labourers' between Greek and Chinese Communists. We Movemerrt for Socialism of Italy and the Revo- are eohvinced that such ties will be further lutionary Communist Movement of Greece.