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Reform Government in Ontario : Eight Years' Review : in An : »» L REFORM GOVERNMENT I2nT OlsTT^IRIO kEIGHT YEARS' REVIEW HON. ADAM CROOKS, MINISTER OF EDUCATION, IN AN ADDRESS TO THE ELECTORS OP THE SOUTH RIDING OF OXFORD. Coronto ROSE & CO., 25 WELLINGTON STREET. 5012 3 87fc < (Purchased fir ike Xww Pitra (^(kdtum^ at Quun/s Unwzrsibj OKmt : REFORM GOVERNMENT IN ONTARIO. EIGHT YEARS' REVIEW HON.- ADAM CROOKS, MINISTER, OF EDUCATION, IN AN ADDRESS TO THE ELECTORS OF THE SOUTH RIDING OF OXFORD. TORONTO PRINTED BY HONTER, ROSE & CO., 25 WELLINGTON STREET. 1879. TO THE ELECTORS OF THE SOUTH RIDING OF OXFORD. You will be called upon shortly to discharge the important duty of electing a Representative to the Legislative Assembly of the Province. At the Convention of Reformers, held at Mount Elgin on the 24th day of April, 1878, for the express purpose of nominating Candidates for the Dominion Parliament and the Local Assembly, it was resolved that I should be nominated as the Candidate for the Local Legislature. All parts of the Riding were fully represented at this Convention, as will appear from the list of delegates from each municipality. At the annual meeting of the Reform Association, held at Mount Elgin, on Monday, 30th February, 1879, it was resolved " that having " heard the letter of the Hon. Adam Crooks read, this meeting approves 11 of the sentiments therein expressed, and begs to thank him for his 11 services as Representative of this Riding, and as Reformers take this " opportunity of expressing their continued confidence in the honesty, " integrity and administrative ability of the Reform Government of On- "tario led by the Hon. Oliver Mowat, of which Mr. Crooks is a '* member." There was a large number of members in attendance, and the ma- jority of those present decided that no other Convention was necessary for nominating a Candidate for the Local Legislature than the one which had nominated Col. Skinner and myself on the 24th day of April ' 1878. In accordance therefore with the nomination made on the 24th April, 1878, and the expression of confidence by the meeting of 30th Feb- ruary, 1879, I am again before you in the responsible position of your Candidate on the present occasion. NX. 4 ADDRESS. I will take an early opportunity of placing in your hands a full re- cord of the administration of the Hon. Mr. Mowat during the last four years, and that record will, I am sure, fully warrant you in sustaining his administration, and renewing my services as your Representative. It will also be my duty at such times as may suit your convenience, to explain personally and in public discussion all the acts of the Reform Administration, as well as such as concern myself specially as your Representative. Recognising fully the honour of serving one of the constituencies of what has been justly called the " garden county of Ontario," I have the honour to be, until I have the pleasure of meeting you personally, Your obedient servant, ADAM CROOKS. Education Department, Toronto, April 9th, 1879. — REFORM GOVERNMENT IN ONTARIO. EIGHT YEARS' REVIEW. " It was on my progress through the Province of Ontario that I first learnt "to appreciate the good qualities of the Canadian people, their loyalty to the " Queen and Mother Country, their self-reliance, their energy, and the " mighty industry which has enabled them to convert what a century ago "was a vast wilderness, into a glorious group of rich, prosperous and well " cultivated English counties." [Lord Dufferin's reply to the Address of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, St. Petersburgh, March 2nd, 1879.] August, 1875, 1 submitted for your consideration, in a concise form, INa retrospect of four years of Reform Government in this Province, since which there has been four more years of experience. I propose, therefore, to place before you, in similar form, a review of this whole period, and invite the attention of the electors of the South Riding of Oxford to the record thus exhibited of the labours of the Reform Gov- ernment, in which throughout I have been a member. Under our system of Responsible Government, the opportunity is now given to every elector in the Province to express his individual opinion at the polls as to whether the Government can be said to have deserved well of the country so as to merit a continuance of its confi- dence. The fairest and only proper test of this, is an examination of the policy and principles, and the legislative and administrative acts consequent thereupon, during the period in which the duties and re- sponsibilities of Government were being discharged by Reformers. In order to ensure an intelligent consideration and judgment of these matters* it is necessary to understand the functions of a Provin- cial Government under the Constitution as defined by the British North America Act of 1867, and the first inquiry here is as to the nature and extent of the jurisdiction granted to the Provinces as distinguished from that of the Dominion of Canada. This has become especially important at the present time, when the party in power at Ottawa, under the stimulus of victory gained by no legitimate expression of a political principle is affecting to make light of our Provincial system in order to consolidate their power and to govern the whole Dominion with one Parliament and Ministry. Ever since the year 1791, when the Province of Upper Canada was first created " 6 REFORM GOVERNMENT IN ONTARIO. out of portions of the former French Province of Quebec, it enjoyed a Constitution under the Imperial Act (31 Geo. III. chap. 31), by virtue of which the Crown, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Assembly of the Province, had full power " to make laws, for the peace, welfare and good government of the Province," the func- tions of the Crown being exercised by a Lieutenant-Governor for the time being appointed by the Crown, and the Legislative Assembly being composed of members chosen by the qualified electors from the differ- ent districts or counties of the Province. When the Union Act of 1840, between Upper and Lower Canada, was passed by the Imperial Parliament (3rd and 4th Vic, chap. 35), Her Majesty was empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Assembly of the united provinces, " to make laws for the peace, welfare and good government thereof ; and representation in the Legislative Assembly of these Provinces, was, through an equal number of representatives for each Province, elected for the counties and ridings therein mentioned. By the British North America Act, 1867 (30 & 31 Vic, cap. 3), it is recited that the different Provinces had expressed their desire to be federally united into one Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Bri- tain and Ireland, with a constitution similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom ; and this involved the continuance of the like powers which formerly existed in the Province of Upper Canada, and in the Pro- vince of Canada under the two former Constitutional Acts, as well as such further powers as were conferred by the Imperial Act of 1867, "in " order to conduce to the welfare of the Provinces, and promote the in- " terests of the British Empire." Ontario thereby assumed again its former position of a separate Province, and Executive Governments and Dominion and Provincial Legislatures were constituted with the respective powers and authorities conferred by that Act. The nature and extent of the executive authority of each Government would in general be co-extensive with, and incidental to, the Legislative powers conferred on the respective Legislatures, and when these powers are as- certained, those of the Executive would necessarily follow. It will be seen by reference to particular sections of the Constitutional Act, as well as from its method of arrangement and general provisions, that the powers and authorities vested in the Executive Governments and Legislatures of the Dominion, and of each Province, are alto- gether sovereign in their nature, and in no sense municipal or sub- ordinate to any other than the paramount authority of the Imperial Parliament, but on the contrary supreme within the limits of the subjects assigned to each respectively for the government of each Province. The two systems combined together exercise complete sovereignty in all matters in Canada. But there is a distribution of the powers attached to each and the Act determines this by defin- ing the line of separation between the two jurisdictions through an enumeration of classes of subjects, under which the Queen, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of EIGHT YEARS REVIEW. 7 Canada, and of the Legislative Assembly of the Provinces respectively, is empowered to make laws for the peace, order and good government of Canada, and, in matters exclusively assigned, of each Province. The classes of subjects by the Act assigned exclusively to the Legislatures of the provinces are expressly excepted from the jurisdiction of the Do- minion ; and the power of the Provincial Legislature in regard to such matters is declared to be the " exclusive " power of making laws. Within the category of subjects exclusively provincial, is found the power of direct taxation in order to raise a revenue for provincial pur- poses, and borrowing money on the credit of the province ; of managing and selling the public lands, timber and minerals ; of establishing, maintaining, and managing all public and reformatory prisons and hos- pitals, asylums, charities and the like institutions ; of regulating the whole
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