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CHAPTER XVI I Nevcrtheless, the Outlook Could Hardly, Have Been Gloomier Than When Parliament Again Met on the 19Th February. Th

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CHAPTER XVI I Nevcrtheless, the Outlook Could Hardly, Have Been Gloomier Than When Parliament Again Met on the 19Th February. Th 1b CHAPTER XVI I THE UNION UOOMEO--nEAI)IACK AGAIN KING TIIE year 1864 must evcr remain a memorable one in Canadian. history. It opened in political gloom and closed in potitical sunshine . It was a remarkable one not only for the two provinces of Canada, but for every foot of territory in America over which floats the British flag . It proved a great turning-point in, our 'history, for a series of political events took place pregnant with imlxortancè to the whole I?mpire, and which reflccted the highest credit on the statesmen and statesmanship not only of 4lpper and Lower Canada, but of all the other British provinces on this continent. Nevcrtheless, the outlook could hardly, have been gloomier than when Parliament again met on the 19th February. The deadlock in the Legislatüre between the two provins was now almost absolute. The Macdonald-llorion Government had only 4 majority-of one or two, and no important legislatio n was possible . Governrnenx of any kind had, as al- , ready stated, become well-nigh impossible, and some leading s .~atesmen befian to entertain fears that 'scenes of violence, p,ossibly bloodshed, might unexpectedly occur. l'UI3LIC MEN ANI) PUBLIC LII-T, IN CANADA T'he Hon M r•. CotteS ' hublicly declared that the differences between the two provinces were flot un~ like those which preceded the American Civil War, and might also end in violence, and the I Ion . I)'Arcy McGee also pointed out the elements of danger to the public peace. The fion. George Brown, ever, since his return from Europe, had been exceedingly anxious ti) get these constitutional difficulties settled . I have reason to know that, both for the country's sake .and on personal grounds, he had bec'ome deeply. in earnest to encl, the strife between the two provînccs, and was prepared for any reasonible public or personal sacri- fices to accomplish it . Doubtless many others also felt the gravity of the situation, but a remedy for the dangers which men- aced the Province had been so long sought for in vain that few of the people's - representatives went to Ottawa with much hope of a new and better ordcr o f things. When the Houses met, His I?xccllçncy's Speec h from the Throne promised very little legislation, and what little the Government did promise they couldn't carry. They had a solid majority, of one or two, but members were afraid to leave the Chamber, even for an hour, lest a vote of ,non-confidence might be carried in their absence. This peculiar position gave rise to not a few amus- ing jokes. T1& standard one was that " Sandfield Macdonald didn't possess even a drinking majority that a man darcn't go out to drink for . fear the Min- istry wcpld be defeated before ,he got back'! " I n . 198 THE UNION I)OOMF.U-1)I;AI)LO(,K AGAI r , N . Gict, one notable attempt was made by a- western Conservative member, who re(resented 'a riding not a thc ►usand miles from the town of Stratford, to defeat the Government in this way . IIe hired a carrial;e and invited two or three Reform rnembers from ridings adjacent to his own, to view the beauties of the Ottawa river generally. and the town of Aylmer in particular. They accepted, and had a pleasant time at various hostelries . But whilst the enjoyment was at its best, the waggish entertainer quietly slipped off with the carriage, leaving the Ministerial supporters nearly tell miles from the Parliament Buildings, and a vote on a non-confidence motion about to be taken . The Government and its supporters had to speak for hours against time until their "drinking majority It could bè huntçd up .• But.. their friends searched th ~• city for them iri vain, and i}- wa.ti only at the last moment, whc»l hope~ of their appearance that nil ;ht had been almost givert up, that thç missing members walked into the• Ilouse, footsore and wcary, having, on the discovery of . the trick played upon them, walked all the way Uack from Aylmer to the city. It need scarcely be added, the slicakinb stoppccj abruptly, the division bells resciundcd throu gh the lobbies, and the Goverii mcnt again was saved by its • famous maj ority of,onc. The I(on. John Sandfield Macdonald was a man not only of ability, but of marked individuality and in- dependence of character, and finding his Go vernment and legislatiori blocked by persistent votes of non- „)g 4 confidence and other enibarrassing devices oii the part of the CcNiservative leaders, Messrs . Macdonald and Cartier, lie and his colleagues resigned office on the 21st March, although still in possession of their slender majority. The crisis which resulted it once revealed the gravity of the situation. Neither thé Reform nor Conservative party could command a majority of th . The Reformers had a large Upper Canadia ne I louse majority, but few Lower Canada supporters ; the Conservatives had a large Lower Canadian majority, but few Upper Canada supporters . In othclî''iVords, the majorities of the two provinces were hopelessl y ~ arrayed against each other. Nor would either part), give way or compromise . It soon became known that Her Majesty's reprc- sentative, Lord Monck, felt much embarrassed by the gravity of the situation. There seemed, howCver, no other course for him but to attempt another patch-up. • IIe first tried a reconstruction of the•late Administra- tion, with the Fion. A . J . Fergusson Blair as Premier. Mr. Blair was unable to succeed .'. Then His I:xcel- lcticy applied to the Ilon . Geo. E. Cartier. He also failed. The third attempt proved a trifle more suc- cessful . Sir Etienne Taché, a member of the Legis- lative Council, at the Governor's earncst request, succéeded in forming a new Cabinet, but only afte r several days' delay and much difficulty. Premier Taché invited the lion . John A. Macdon- ald to form the Upper Canadian section, and most of I ' h ° I °"'''•"' - °•' . .`' - ` --ned, the Cartier-Macdonal d 200 ' . lt THE UNION . l)OOMI?1)-1)1?AI)I,OCK AGAI N Ministry were soon again installed in office . The only notable -changes were the appointment of the lion. D'Arcy . McGee as President of the Council, and of the Hon. M. H. Foley, as Pcistmaster-General . Both qf these gentlemen had•previously been promi- nent in the Reform ranks, but for personal reasons, well understood at the time, Mr: Sandfield Macdonald flatly refused to include them in his' reconstructed (Macdonald-Dorion) Cabinet, at which both gentle- men took fnortal offcnçe.* The new ministers 'were sworn into office on the _ 30th March, and the next day l'arliament consented to adjourn till• the 3rd May, in order to allow them time for re-election and to niaturè their programme. It was.during thi5 interregnum that I first made the acquaintance of two gentlemen already promi- nent, but destin .1 to reach• still higher eminence in public life, and whom their opponents, dubbed "~eorl;e Brown's lieutenatits," in consequence of the close political and personal intimacy, existing between the three gentlemen . These were. Mr. Alexander Mackenzie, M .P.P. for Lambton, and Mr. Archibald McKellar, M .P.P. for Kent. They were invited to North Waterloo to oppose the Hon . Mr. ,, • There as a good deal of conviviality among some of the leading public men at the seat of Government at this period, and it was com- mon report that the Iion. John SandfielA Macdonald's action in this matter arose from these grounds . Mr. DicGee at this time joined the Conservative party, and never afierwards acted with the keformers. Mr. Foley (lid not survive many years, having died quite suddenly At his home in the town of Simcoe,'on the 9th April, 187a jlie was lwrn in Sligo, Ireland, in 18t9, and was only in his fifty-first year . 201 PUBLIC MEN AND YUhLIC LIFE IN CANADA Foley's re-election as Postmaster-General, and con- sénted T h~ do so. As already stated, Mr. I-()k,y had long been a .promii cnt ~cfc,rmer, : and for scve"ral months the parliam/~ntary leader of the plrty, but was persuaded at his time bj, the H on. John A . Macdonald to thro% in his lot with his old p;)litical opponents. `~ , ' Thé Cor iservativ leader, as has already appeared , was one of the adroitest' of party tacticians,' and a good st,ory was long current apropos of his inter- view with the member Ar North Waterloo when he akrced to join the Tach&Macdonâld Administration . Having sent for the latter to meet him in one of the upper rooms of ,the Yarliameiit Buildings,, " John A .," as he was almost universally 'called, pYoposed without any circuhocution that Mr. Foley shbuld accept the Yostmastcr-Generalship in the new Cabinet . Whpther from the suddenness of the . offer, or some qualms at the thought of finally leaving hi s old political friends, Mr. Foley. temporarily hesitatèd . .' He asked . questions, And particular)y, insisted on knowing what the policy of the new Administration wastobê. Slapping his intRrrogator on the knee with his open hand, in his usual off-hand, impulsive way, Air., Macdonald is reported to have replied : . " D -n it; Foley, join the Government, and ihen ;help to maké the`poRy ." This story was generally regarded a s correct, and a characteristic illustration of the tactful, iiersuasive way in which thé Conservative leader suc- ' ceeded in bringing so many of his party intrigues to a successful tërmination .
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