O F T H E

BUREAU O F ARC H VES

FO R TH E

PR O V I NC E O F O NT A R I O

BY ALEX A NDER FRAS ER ARCHIV I ST

‘ PRI NT ED BY ORDER O F LEG ISLAT IVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO

T O R O N T O

C O N T E N T S .

PAG E .

Letter o f T ransmiss ion

Scope o f the Bureau Plan o f Work

Selections from Co rrespondence On the Deve10p1n en t o f His torical Research Histo ry o f a To wnship

FI RST R EPORT

O F T H E

E E BU R A U O F A RC H IV S .

The H o n o u r a b l e G OR G O S S R . &c . E E W . , LL D ,

o P r emi er of On ta ri .

S I R —I n u to b the i r R e , have the ho o r su mit to you following Prelim na y _ port in connection with the recently established Bureau of Archives for the

Province of Ontario . b I have the honour to e , Sir ,

Your obedient servant ,

ALEX AND E R F RAS E R ,

’ ’

Pr ov i n ci a l Ar chzm st . R N Bl 903 st 1 . TO O TO , December ,

' Ex reb us a nfi m s erml il io m'ia q uer .

R E P O R T

O NT A R I O A R C H I V ES ;

Pre fa t o ry . The documents appertaining to the history of a country are now classed a u b i m mong its most val a le possess ons . But history has assumed a new ean in t g with the advance of civiliza ion , and , to day , the Records of Government , ’ o im m nce the student s richest mine , share their portance with the ephe eral ’ memorabilia which concern the life of the people . The historian s point of d view has undergone a radical change . A knowle ge of the social conditions o f a nation is a first requisite to the study o r writing of history ; hence the high value now placed upon family papers , diaries , account books , etc . , which f n contain the humble records o social and family life . This change has arise ' naturally from the g i a d u a l widening of the political su il i a g e a n d it s 1 e a c u on

. t h e m upon legislation The laws reflect e public n eds , and order to legislate ‘‘ m wisely and intelligently , the social atmosphere and environ ent , the se u en c b t i m o r t n c o f e . a e q s in social development , must e known Hence also he } documentary history in which a traveller ’s j ournal may rank with a political r m m despatch ; and the eason why papers fro private sources , unicipal , edu c a ti o n a l n , and ecclesiastical reports and documents o the one hand , and t v r i . S ate papers on the other , are given a place among public a ch es The o n the e is the raw material for the general historian , the other for history of ' f 1 a m public af airs . Legislation s the expression in legal form of the hopes , b t t n i i ions , and necessi ies of a people . The public archives should fur sh material t o show how political and social exigencies influence the 1 a w s a 1 (1

how 1 ff t he . in tu n , the laws a ect common weal

K IN G S F OR D : Looking forward to a time w hen Canadian Archives would v receive further recognition at the hands of the Go ernment , Kings 1 1 m 0 1 . ford wrote (Arch . pp . It is mere co monplace to point o u t that every country acts but with ordinary prudence , and fulfils Sim n a ple duty , when it preserves it archives and the writte ma t er i al on s for its history . So much depends the fact that history be h o f a onestly and truthfully written . Much our person l liberty of

the presen t time comes from the consideration of the past . We are

ne ver so wise as when we profit by the teaching of experience . Everything to be permanent must be sl owly and gradually pro t d u ce d n h a i . Constitutio s may be granted , but t ey can alone ob n H nce “ c s r t {1 0 m m a n d . . e t eng h ti e usa cge They grow to maturity 1 e 1 1 m in n a n d st q m tl e eans of st u dy g their advanceme t , we be watch the i nt u re by kn o wing perfectly the trials and difficul t ies of forme r When the sources o f original info r ma h on

- 1 a t u ssi h i s t mu t i s l c t ( all , nquiry is i la ed by it , and the historical st udent w ho has in du stry t o see k

o a inv e st i a t 1 o n . u t f cts , pushes g into the remotest sources N T H E R E PO RT O F T H E o . 48

8 B r m ne r m B R YMNE R : As far back as 1 8 2 Douglas y , the late Do inion

v s m . Archi ist , foreshadowed the establi h ent of Provincial Bureaus “ In his report for that year he says : The policy of ha v 1 ng one gen era l collection of historical documents a t the seat of the Federal c h Government , and one special to each Province in ea m 1 t s Pr ov m c ia l Capital , is of importance fro various po n V o f of iew . In respect to investigations a general

, natur e , all the documents should be together classified

t , and accessible , so hat , at the least possible expense those who t o o f desire to study the papers relating the history British, North America should be able to d o so without being compelled to make

long and tedious j ourneys in search of the information wanted . the On the other hand , the records of each Province , being in f o r possession of the Provincial Government , are available the use e of those who only seek t o make a special investigation . But ther

is another and even more important end to be served . The posses c r sion of documents in dupli ate is a guarantee , to a la ge extent . of fi v . their preser ation from destruction by re Experience , and not t he m the least that of Canada , shows risk fro this cause , by which u t s doc men s have been lost that can never be replaced , and it seem almost impossible to collect again the printed records of the past the history which have thus been destroyed . By the burning of m 1 849 of House of Asse bly at Montreal , in , the whole collection printed and manuscript records contained in the library and depart m ents in the building were swept away . It was only by the greatest exertions and by appeals to the liberality of those who possessed collections o f the papers that single copies of many of them could i m be secured for the Parl a entary Library . The destruction of the o f m public buildings at Fredericton , New Brunswick , the Custo o f the House and of the Court House at Quebec , are other instances

danger to which attention is called . In respect to printed docu m ents the loss is very serious , but it need scarcely be pointed out

’ that it is much more so when original manuscripts are destroyed o f ” i ex l sts wh ch no copy .

O S C P E o r TIIE B UREAU .

m tm v v e st a b l ishm en In assu ing the duties of my appoin ent , in ol ing the o f A e s t i n a "e n t e m a Bureau of rchives for Ontario , the adage f see ed and the few months which have elapsed ha ve pro m v i pressed by the wide field , and with the a r iet ter est s c con erned , and it has been obvious tha t broadly laid in order hat our civil , political , re i - o f m a m N r h story showing the full progress our life y be built upon the . b '

' s f o r v mu t genealogical data be overlooked , the history o f a n indi idual m y im o f m un have an portant bearing upon the events a co m ity . Useful sugg s

' tl ou e have been found in the systems prevailing in Great Britain and in ‘ of o f v most the States the Union , as well as in the course pursued by the G o ernment f s o Nova Scotia and Quebec ; but most o f all have I been aided by the 0p 1 n i ons received from students of Canadian history whose accompli ent l tl e d m ments the to be heard with respect . Selections from their e e rie s ' pon d en ce t R e o r t a t t e e will be given in his p h pr per place . The scheme a r rl v ed at I S as follows

(1 ) The Bure au is equally related and attached to all the m v Depart ents , and shall recei e papers and documents B U R E A U O F A RC H I V E S

no t u e n b v interest , in current s , from all bra ches of the Pu lic Ser ice V ' V hen oss ib l b p e these documents shall e classified and calendared . The Bureau shall devote attention to : (2) The copying and printing o f important Ontario records lying in the

Canadian Archives at Ottawa , in the State Departments there and

elsewhere . 3 o f ( ) The collection documents having , in , the widest sense , a bearing n upo the political or social history of Ontario , and upon its agri m m cultural , industrial , com ercial , and financial develop ent . 4 r ( ) The collection of municipal , school , and church reco ds . 5 ( ) The collection and preservation of pamphlets , maps , charts , manu m m n scripts , papers , regi ental uster rolls , etc . , beari g on the past

or present history of Ontario . (6 ) The collection and preservation of facts illustrative of the early set — — — tl emen ts o f Ontario pioneer experience customs mode of living — — — t — s . prices wages boundaries area cul ivated homes , etc The collection and preservation of correspondence—letters from and n to settlers , documents i private hands pertaining to public and afia i r s t social , etc . , reports of local events and historic inciden s in m b the fa ily or pu lic life . 8 b o f m m ( ) The rescuing from o livion the e ory of the pioneer settlers , b to o tain and preserve narratives of their early exploits , and of the O part they took in pening up the country for occupation . (9) C o - Operation with the Historical Societies of Ontario and societies m to - an d kindred to the , help to consolidate and classify their work , f 0 1 1 as far as practicable direct local ef ort given lines .

V n T H E PLAN or V o K .

It is pre posed to adopt the following plan of work as one on which the T o the various Archives can be easily classified and catalogued , viz . divide h f 1 867 istory o Ontario until Confederation , , into its political periods , ar m a teri l in ranging the a secured chronological order , and giving each period

of . a series Reports Thus , the work can be carried on in all the divisions v m simultaneously , and when sufficient material shall ha e accu ulated in any ‘ o f them m s one , it can be utilized either by the publication of docu ent or calendars in the annual reports without undue delay . From Confederation o f t o e onward , the larger quantity material be dealt with , and the probabl o m absence f sweeping constitutional changes to ark eras , suggest a chrono logical rather than a political basis of division . The periods are : 1 1 763 m ( ) T o the close of the French Regi e , or the period of French

Discovery .

2 79 1 ( ) 1 T o the organization of the Province of Upper Canada . 3 841 ( ) 1 To the Legislative Union of Upper and Lower Canada . 4 1 86 7 ( ) To Confederation .

(5) 1 900 T o the end o f the Nineteenth Century .

v m t o its In each of these Di isions there is uch work be done . Each has d l t i n t 1 d e nt s c i v i 1 n c . own e feature , and there is abundance of m nor

(1 ) F o r the m aterial belonging to the French Regime I beg to dire c t e - C o l t attention to an xtract from a letter from Lieut . . Ernes Crnik ’ 33 o f on 3 6 t o . . shank page , and Mr Coyne s letter , page this Report They have dealt with the subj e c t so fully that I need n ot refer to u h h c a d d a s a n m a a o f it f rt er ere , ex ept to , i port nt work , portion T H E R E PO RT O F T H E

“ t the Mémoire pour Messire Francois Bigot , which con ains what " seems to be an excellent summary of the commerce and condition of

all the Western trading posts at the time of the Conquest . In t he period between 1 763 to 1 79 1 the feature is the Loyalist immi e m l m the grati n , with its acco panying sett e ent , and conditions and circumstances influencing the form of government adopted f o r

Upper Canada . 841 (3 ) From the organization of the Province to 1 . Here we have the c c o u real ommen ement o f r Provincial history , the introduction of c m onstitutional government ; the work of the Legislature , so e of whose early records are lost ; the outbreak of the War of 1 81 2 ; the m o f progress o f settle ent , and the development municipal , educa ti c h a l mm v t o , and co ercial institutions ; the resti eness leading the Rising of 1 83 7 and the c oncessions made to Responsible Govern m ent . mm m The period of Legislative Union . I igration , settle ent , and m m o f ig ration are pro inent events , while the introduction railways , m m o m o f the i prove ent f waterways , the settle ent many great poli c o tical , educational , and ecclesiasti al questions , lend to this peri d m unusual i portance . (5) From Confederation onwards the periods suggested are fruitful of m t o docu entary history , but at such short range it is unnecessary th u a indicate e special events of unus l interest .

The extent and characte r o f the documents thus collected would deter r m o f m a te r ia l c mine the a range ent for annual publi ation . Probably a topical l v m v g rouping wou d ser e best , but there should be no pre ature decision arri ed a m m t in this i portant atter .

O CATI N G ATERIAL L M .

t m m In pursuance of his plan , I have ade a beginning by fa iliarizing m l c c o e yse f with the haracter of the papers , et . , dep sited in the sev ral De a r m p t ent s ; with the contents o f a few of the m ore interesting ; and with the o i afie c ti n ff ce routine g correspondence , accounts , etc . The result will be round in brief paragraphs relating to the branches of the p ub l ic service w i v c m a h ch I have o ertaken , and whose publi ation here y be useful as indi c at l n v t m re g to the in estigator where cer ain docu ents a to be found . I n order to organize the Province o n a comprehensive scale a letter has t o m m o f t been addressed every e ber the Legislature , containing a reques that

m - he no inate o n e or tw o correspondents t o c o Operate with m e in his consti t u en c y . m The response has been very pro pt and encouraging , the nominees a . c t o n o w lmost without exception onsenting act , These are being asked t o m m na e a correspondent for each township , and at the ti e of writing 1 1 7 have a t m m greed to correspond wi h the Bureau , trans itting infor ation as to l o ca l

v , i l o f c l e ents locat ng col ections papers , books , histori al va ue , and ke ep l n c mm A g the Bureau in direct touch with their o unities . list of these m m correspondents when ore co plete will be published .

, of the Mayors Reeves , Clerks Municipalities , Clerks of Peace , Regis t e of rar Deeds , and other publi c o fficers are being c omm unic ated with f o r f statements o records under their care and for c e pies of interesting docu s u ch ments where can be given . o f Secretaries Synods , Dioceses , and Conferences , Clerks o f Presby t l , o f l m l er es stated officials re igious deno inations general y , and Public School to fo r m Inspectors are also being written infor ation , returns , and reports o f i c d a wh ch they are usto i ns . B U R E A U O F A R C H I V E S

National and social societies and public clubs possess information in t heir papers and minute books regarding the settlement of their countrymen m i a r the e . in early ti es , and concern ng obj ects they united in promoting An eflo r m fi o f the u b l i c t is being ade to util ize this source for the bene t p . Interest in loc al history has been manifested by some o f the Old ’ m Boys Associations which have m ultiplied in recent years . It is i portant t hat their efforts should follow a definite plan ; and the papers and surveys obtained from the D urham Association through the kindness of Professor S a n d i b quair , published in th s report , furnish a Model which may profita ly

m A be adopted for si ilar w or k b y kindred associations . The importance of the early collecting of data concerning the business d v e elopment of the Province has been urged by several correspondents , and in consequence of the representat ions m ade to me I have begun a collection m of papers , aps , pamphlets , reports , surveys , etc . , in connection with the

m n / n t ti o pro otion a d c o s r u c n of railways and canals in Ontario , and the hearty co -operation promised by those with whom I a m in communication s ‘ hows a keen interest in this line of research . In the same way a beginning has been made of a collection o f m aterial respecting electric railways and t he m t develop ent of electric power in Ontario . S eps have also been taken — for the gathering together o f facts regarding the I N D U S TRIAL including the — interests of capital an d labor the C OMMER C IAL and the FIN AN CIAL in stitu t ions of the Province and r en d er in g ' them accessible to the student of economics . b k a n d It is known that the minute oo s , reports , papers of the Quarter Sessions of the Peace are rich in local history and besides contain much that i r m of llustrates the operation of the gene al law . But it is known that any a r e these interesting books and papers have been lost or in private hands , so t m o hat few districts have complete collections of the . At the suggestion f

’ the Honourable Mr . Justice Garrow , Osgoode Hall , I have begun an enquiry in order to obta in fuller information o n this subj ect than we n ow possess ; a n ‘ d . if possible to trace and collect whatever may be available .

The foregoing has entailed a heavy correspondence , but it is satisfactory t o be able to report that not in a single case has a letter be en denied full m d m s co r consideration , while al ost every person ad ressed has responded o t d ial l s y and has indicated considerable interest in these labour , Arrangements have been made whereby a large number of newspapers c will be received regularly , and local biography and history lipped from t he m and systematically filed . At Confederation the policy pursued , in assigning the public docu m m t o b e ents to the Do inion and to the Provinces , was entrust as few as possi l t o the n e Provinces and to retain as many as possible for the Dominion . Co s q uently there a re large collections of Provincial documents lying in the Sec ’ ret a r of y of State s Departmen t and other offices at Ottawa , copies which o n we sh uld at least possess , failing possession of the origi als . I am in corre sp on d ence w m concerning these ith the , view of obtaining more infor ation n o than we w possess as t o their extent and character . I have also given some attention to the completion of a l ist of the docu ments touching Ontario to be found in the annual calendars of the C anadian B r mn er of Archives , by Dr . y , respecting the period the French Regime , copies of which it is intended to procure for an early report . A collection of the reports of the Departments a n d Public Institutions i s being completed ; the nucleus of what I hope will be a valuable collection Of ol d an d new maps o f Ontario has been formed ; and friends have kindly b o f contri uted copies pamphlets , interesting photographs of persons and of a cknow l ed places , and original papers value ; but the formal listing and g T H E R E PO RT O F T H E

. ’ m ment of these must remain until next year s report , when the nu ber will no doubt j ustify the publication of a calendar . 0 Steps have been taken to provide f o r the safe custody o f all material n deposited in the Bureau of Archives , a d the public are assured that papers , his t or ieaLm a ter ial fo r f i books , or other which are valued personal or am ly W b , i e reasons , will , at least , be preserved from destruction by fire and ll rendered useful historically if transferred to the trusteeship of this Bureau .

OFFICES IN WHICH AR CH I V E S ORIGINATE .

T H E LE G I S LATI V E A S S EM B LY .

T H E C LE R K OF THE H O U S E :

The Clerk of the House has charge , 1 th m c m i e ( ) Of e Scroll of Parlia ent , the do u ents known by that t tl being the notes and memoranda m ade by the Clerk o f the rout ine it proceedings of the Hous e during s sessions . (2 ) The original signatures of the members of the Legislative Assembly ” subscribed to the Oath of Allegiance when Sworn in as members

m o n m . Of th e Asse bly . The signatures are written parch ent (3 ) Copies of the Statutes in the form in which they have b een assented - e to and signed by His Honour the Lieutenant Governor . Thes c opies are printed on good paper , and after having been assented m th c to beco e e originals of the Statutes in for e . 4 a C O l ( ) The origin l py pertainin g to the Conso idated Statutes .

T H E CLE R K o r R ECO RD S :

l o f The C erk Records receives and fyles away , 1 m a A ( ) The anuscript of all Session l Papers not printed . ( Sessional c t Paper is a return alled for by order of the House , whe her printed or n o t ; a n d the Reports o f Departments and all branches of the c c publi servi e presented to the House . ) (2) The original s of all Petitions presented t o the House (these are n ot

printed ) . (3 ) The originals of all Bills in the form in which they are presented to the House ' and copies o f Bills as amended during their passage t hrough the House . The original copy of Sessional Papers whic h are printed is returned with the to a m fic m proof sheets the Dep rt ent , or of er issuing the sa e .

T H E LE G I S LATI V E I B RA R Y L .

v a d In the Legislati e Libr ry there are recor s , printed or typewritten , of t he i e o f proceed ngs of the Legislatur s Upper Canada , Lower Canada , Prov i of Ca n a d a m the nce , Do inion of Canada , and Provinces thereof from the . o , i i i c t o nst tut on of ea h of those bodies its dissolution , or to the present time

f o r the v e a r s 1 793 1 79 8 except y between and , and for the years 1 81 3 and l 81 5— ic , c wh h so far as is known , are not in existen e . l f There is a so a set o the Offi cial Gazettes exc ept f o r the v e a rs between 1 809 1 822 f o r 1 5 and , and the year 82 .

c 1 792 to 1 Also Pro lamations of Lower Canada , 836 ; documents relating to the Seignorial Tenure ; j ugements e t d el ib era ti on s d u Conseil Souv era in ‘ 6 ’ ' de la Nouvelle France , Vols . Edits e t Ordonnances d u Conseil d E ta t d u R o a l e y concern nt Canada . There a re n o m a nuscripts in the Lib r a r v B U R E A U O F A R C H I V E S

H E X C U TI V U N C I L T E E E CO .

Provision for an Executive Council f o r Ontario is made by B . N . A . 1 897 o . Act Section 6 3 (See as t Ontario Revised Statutes Ontario , Cap o f The Prime Minister is the head o r Chairman the Executive Council ,

a n d . , as such , presides at the meetings thereof The Premier and two mem un b o f or bers form a quorum of Co cil . During the a sence the Premier , Act m i o f s . ng Premier , four me bers the Council con titute a quorum thereof All matters r eq u ii in g Executive action are brought before the Council upon the recommendation o r report of the Minister having the subject matter in o r t o charge . The recommendation report is addressed His Honour the

- - Lieutenant Governor in C ouncil . The Reports of the Committee of Council n are signed by the Premier as Chairman , a d countersigned by the Clerk or . e s i - for Assistant Clerk , and are th n ubm tted to the Lieutenant Governor his “ approval , which is indicated by his signature under the words approved and ordered endorsed on the margin thereof , and thereafter the document be comes and is known as an Order o f His Honour the Lieutenant - Governor i h - i s - in - ff u b l ic Council . Effect given to Orders Council a ecting the general p by the promul g a m ation of them in the Ontario Gazette ; otherwise by the trans mission of copies certified by the Clerk o r Assistant Clerk to the Departments h reco mmen d a or persons concerned . The original Orders (toget er with the tions , reports , and papers upon which they are based) , after being recorded b n i of by eing e tered in special j ournals , are fyled n the vault the Depart n a n u of k me t d a re under the c stody the Clerk and Assistant Cler . The Executive Council Office is attached to the Department o f the Attorney

e G neral .

P R TM NT OF E ATTORN Y - N R L DE A E TH E G E E A .

It would appear that the office of Attorney - General existed as far back 1 763 A o f its as . fter the cession Canada , with all dependencies , by France ’ t o f - Great Britain , there was an O ficer called the King s Attorney General . o 1 7th 1 764 What is kn wn as the Great Ordinance Act was passed Sept , , in t ro d u cing into Canada all the criminal and civil law of England . This Act empowered the Governor to appoint all Officers necessary f or the proper ad ministration of the afi a irs of the Province . The appointment of Attorney General was then made on the recommendation of the Imperial Governmen t b and c onfirmed y the Governor by Commission under the Great Seal . Mr . u i 1 7 4 Ma sere i 1 7 f l 6 . s 66 . o George S ckling was so appointed n , Mr n Then b i Act 1 91 1 774 7 . lowed the Que ec Act n , and the Constitutional in The latter Act divided Quebec into the two Provinces of . Upper and Lower Can a d a c n of b n , a separate onstitution a d representative form government ei g f t of - f or granted to each . The manner o appoin ment the Attorney General th - n b each Province , namely , by e Lieutenant Governor thereof , o ehalf of ‘ 1 84 . 0 3 4 the Crown , continued Under the Union Act , ( Vic . , Cap . ffi - m on the O ce o f the Attorney General beca e a statutory e . On the formation of n i su b se the Ministry u der the sa d Act , William Henry Draper , who n b A f o r que tly ecame Chief Justice of the Court of Error and ppeal Ontario , n - n o was the first Attor ey General fo r Upper Canada . As the law w stands the Attorney- General f or Ontario is a member of the Executive Council and appointed by the Lieutenant - Governor under the Great Seal o f the Province

' r id e 1 34 R 1 89 7 . . . S 1 4 . . . O . , Cap . (for previous legislation B N A Act , sec , 1 877 1 887 - 1 . . 4 . . R . S O . , Cap . , R S O , Cap The Lieutenant Governor b - in - m m t o o f At may , y Order Council , fro ti e time prescribe the duties the tornc - D m y General , and of the epart ent over which he presides , and of the ff c O i e rs and Clerks under him . T H E R E PO RT O F T H E N o . 48

m : I n ter al ter m , the following atters are dealt with by the Depart ent o f im i t i i 1 . The supervision of the Administration Cr nal Jus ce n the Prov

m ac .

m f , s , 2 . Recommending the appoint ent of and advising Sheri fs Regi trars

Ju d ic ia of , , l Officers , Justices the Peace , Coroners Crown Attorneys and fo r a ffi Clerks of the Peace ; Notaries Public and Commissioners taking

davits fo r use in Courts of Ontario . t f a . 3 . The cons idera tion o pplications for bail and at endance thereon

ns o f . 4 . The co ideration and argument Crown Cases reserved f or r e i 5 . Hearing applications the granting of flats Petitions of Right , Cr m I m to a nd inal information , ndict ents , actions set aside Crown Patents

a . actions to recover fines and pen lties , etc

o f i fi n . 6 . The consideration applications for the rem ssion of nes and pe alties t 7 . The administra ion of estates of deceased persons dying without known

relatives .

8 m n o f m b . . The appoint e t of Counsel for the conduct Cri inal usiness ” 9 c Of R e . Arranging the cir uits and regulating the work of the ficial Court

porters . 1 0 O f Ofli ce s o f . The supervision the Osgoode Hall in connection with the

Supreme Court o f Judicature . 1 m a d mi sson i 1 . The exa ination of papers in connection with the and d scharge

of lunatics to and from Asylums . 1 2 . The consideration of legal questions arising in cases coming before the In spector of Prisons and Pu b l ic Charities in respect of the m anagement ’ of lunatics estates and also in the preparat ion and revision of convey a nc e s where sales are made . 1 m 3 . Of The consideration atters of a public nature , such as proposed legis

lation , etc . 1 d 4 . A vising on legal questions arising in the various Departments of the i Publ c Service . 1 D 5 . ra w m g special conveyances , etc . in connection with the sale or pur chase Of property under the Public Works Act o r otherwise

of v re t The following branches the Public Ser ice a , at presen , attached ’ to the Attorney - General s Department : 1 . Inspector of Insurance and Registrar of Loan Corporations , Inspector and J K . l 1 1 . t s 88 . Registrar Mr ohn Howard Hunter , C . , appointed April ,

2 . c i K . a . C Inspe tor of Reg stry Offices , Inspector Mr Donald Guthrie , . , p t 2n d 1 895 poin ed May , . ’ 3 . u Neglected Children s Branch , S perintendent and Inspector Mr . John

28th 1 89 1 Joseph Kelso , appointed June , 3 . 4 ’ " . s Provincial Municipal Auditor Branch , Auditor Mr . John Burnett Laing , ’ e 23 r d A l 1 897 r i . appoint d p , 5 . i i n Cr m nal Investigation Branch , Chief I spector John Wilson Murray , I st 1 appointed July , 875 . 1 st March 1 885 Inspector Joseph Edwin Rogers , appointed , . Inspector m r 1 st 1 89 Willia G eer , appointed April , 2 .

’ OF F I CE R S or THE ATTORNEY- G ENER AL S DE P AR TMENT

A - H o n . K C O fi l t ttorney General , John Morison Gibson , . . , assumed f ce 2 s t 1 899 Oc ober, .

- Deputy Attorney General and Clerk of Executive Council , John Robison Cartw r i ht K . C . 3 0th 1 8 9 g , , appointed March , 8 . o i m s K C a Ass stant Clerk Executive Council , Ja e Lonsdale Capreol , . . , p i 1 1 th 1 87 po nted March , 6 . La w ret ar m m K C y , Allan Malcol Dy ond , . . , appointed 30th March l ggg , B U R E A U ~ O F A R C H I V E S

ATTORNEY S - G EN ERAL S IN CE C ONF E D ER ATION :

S a n d fiel 1 86 1 d 6th . Hon . John Macdonald , July , 0th m 1 871 H en 2 . . Adam Crooks , Dece ber , H o n 25th t 1 872 . Oliver Mowat , Oc ober , .

H on 1 4 1 896 . . Arthur Sturgis Hardy , th July , H on i 2l st 1 899 . John Morison G bson , October , .

DE P U TY ATTO R NE Y S - C E N ER AI AN D C LE R K S o r E X E C U T I V E CO UN CI L S INC E CON F EDE RATION R t d th 1 8 G 6 6 7 . ober la stone Dalton , July , J G a l l o W i S co t 24th 1 870 a t . ohn y , October , m c u l 0th Ja es Lonsdale Capreol , Assistant Clerk , Exe tive Council , 1 876 March , . t d 1 88 2n 5 . Ebenezer Forsyth Blackie Johns on , October , 1 89 30th 8 . John Robison Cartwright , March ,

NE G LE C T E D AN D D EP END ENT C H ILD REN : During the past fifteen years the care and protection of neglected l and dependent children has received a good dea of attention in Ontario , and the example and good work of this Provin c e have been extensively t copied , not only hroughout Canada , but by the United States and

Great Britain . m 1 8 1 8 . 8 5 . 8 6 The origin of this ovement only goes back to In , Mr J n m es John oseph Kelso orga ized the Toronto Hu ane Society , which po u se d the cause of neglected children as wel l as the kind treatment of m 1 887 dumb ani als . In , he brought into existence the Toronto Fresh ’ d 1 89 1 t h Aid of e . Air Fun , and in , Children s Society Toronto The . ov a m 1 89 1 R l Commission appointed by the Ontario Govern ent in , to u d m so st y problems of cri e and pauperism , reported strongly in favor f ’ c preventive work among children that the Ontario Children s P rotec A U On w . tion ct a s drawn p by the Hon . J . M Gibson , and passed the 1 89 t 3 . tario Legislature in May , , Mr Kelso being appoin ed the following

month as general superintendent , a position which he has held to the

present time . The records of the office , dealing as they do with children m b any of whom become reputa le and successful citizens in after life , t o . are treated as private , and are practically inaccessible the public

I S E CR E T R Y D E PAR T ME NT OF THE PROVINC AL A .

Of h m From the nature of the functions t is depart ent , records of documents p er ta inng to a variety o f interests are included among its ‘ h v distin ti v e t n : papers . T e c du ies co nected with the portfolio are Pro

- v inc . ia l Secretary , Provincial Registrar , and Registrar General Branches of the service at present attached to the Department are : u ch B Public Institutions , s as Hospitals , Asylums for the Insane , efor m a to r ie G t Ad s , aols , Chari able Institutions , the License Branch , the o f ministration o f Justice Accounts Branch , Provincial Board Health ,

etc .

The Office of the Secretary is the medium of communication . through

- His Honour the Lieutenant Governor , between the Provincial , Do su ch minion , and Imperial Governments , and all correspondence is

o f . m s b registered and copies the despatches kept , All com i sions earing ' “ the G rea t Seal of the Province are issued by the Secretary , and are regis t ere O t d in his ffice , as are also all appoin ments made by His Honour the t - - - Lieu enant G o vernor in Council requirin g the issuance of a commiss ion . N T H E R E PO RT O F T H E o . 48

- i l i Charters of Incorporation , Licenses for extra Provinc a Compan es

i i i , d oing business in Ontario , and Marr age L censes are ssued here and e for applications from municipalities for change of boundari s , water

. i . works , electric l ghting , gas supply , etc , are dealt with d The office receives annual returns from all Chartered a n Licensed i ia e Companies ; and collects the fees for Charters , and for Mar g License tw i i m , i for s issued , and the moneys so received are deposited e a week n su m 1 903 o t o t he Provincial Treasury . The for am unted m The late Mr . George Edward Lumsden , whose appoint ent as As , 1 880 1 1 th . s i stant Secretary was dated . Nov , , was succeeded in that office K 1 903 m . C o n the 1 6th Nov . , , by Tho as Mulvey ,

HE G I S TR R : Or r i cr. o r T R E A

In the vault attached to this office will be found the Re cords of all Crown Land Patent s (of lands in Ontario) issued by the late Provinces

l ein ' d a ted o f Upper Canada and Lower Canada , the earliest record g 1 795 o o f s u May , ; als , the Records all Crown Land Patents is ed by the

Government of Ontario , and all Mining Leases and other Deeds and — o f in Le ases relating to the Public Lands , Records all Letters Patent c o ora tin t m n m p g J—oint S ock Co pa ies , Insurance Co panies , and Loan a ~ of f Comp nies , Records of all Commissions Public and Legal Of ices , ff M such a s Sheri s, Registrars , Crown Attorneys , Coroners , agistrates ,

- r . License Commissioners , License Inspecto s , Notaries Public Records o f of Warrants removing Lunatics from Gaols to Asylums , Records

e . . Warrants discharging Lunatics , and other Public Docum nts Mr John Frederick Campbell Ussher was appointed Deputy Reg istrar l st 8 9 1 873 o 1 6 . February , , having j oined the service in N vember ,

O F F I CE o r THE REG I STRAR - GEN ERA L :

The vit al statistics o f the Province are kept by the Registrar - Gen 1 8 9 fi 6 . of eral , whose of ce dates from From the organization the Prov ince until 1 849 marriages were recorded in the parish and c ongrega t ion a l th registers kept by clergymen , in e Minute Books of the Quarter m k f Sessions of the Peace , and in the Me orandum Boo s of Justices o the

. t o f Peace In addition to this , fairly comple e records birth were made ‘ in the baptismal registers , and of deaths in the j ournals of clergymen , w ho the f o r recorded deaths of parishioners congregational purposes . o f n r Many these old books , however , have bee either lost o destroyed , o r 1 49 their disposition is not known . In 8 provision was made in the Municipal Act enabling the municipalities to make provision by B y- law of for the registration births , marriages , and deaths , and a dvantage was t of v n i aken that statute to a ery considerable exte t . From the pass ng o f that law in 1 849 until 1 874 all records of marriages in the Province

were returned to the City and County Registrars , who be came their

o ffiC I al 1 - custodians . In 869 the office of the Registrar General w as e s n tablished and compulsory registration of births , marriages , a d deaths o t intr duced . Un il 1 874 the returns were still sent to the County and C ity Registrars but since 1 874 they have been s ent direct t o the Regis — ’ ffi trar General s o ce . The work o f transcribi ng these returns and pre ‘ serv m g them in proper form has been p roceeding for years ; and the d u , o f f oc ments books , and statistical papers the of ice , which are in s afe k i o f eep ng , form an invaluable collection archives . - ne 1 869 to 1 89 1 The Deputy Registrar Ge ral from was Hugh S . , ; 1 89 1 t o m ' . . D Crewe and from the pre ent ti e , Peter Henderson M A M . . s , ,

T H E R E PO R T O F T H E No

d for services in grouped counties ; accounts for all legislative elections a n t e i w th those arising o u t. of con roverted election trials , and in conn ct on i

the system o f Provincial Police . These accounts often disclose interesting facts ; and the correspond -f : en ce and documents connected with them sometimes throw a vivid light of a ar in on conditions existing in certain sections the country , p rticul ly a m s e unorganized territory , where affairs are in preli inary tag . The documents are preserved in fire -proof v a ults and can be easily refe rr e d

l a Ma cLa u ri n . I . u e to . The nspector and Auditor is Mr E gene A ex nd r , i 872 vchose appointment dates from 1 .

E THE TREASURY D PARTMENT .

The Treasurer of Ontario has been generally entrusted with se ve ra l important Branches of the service in addition to the duties o f his ow n F or r t o a s Department . instance , Ag iculture was attached the Tre ury h for b . T e o c many years , with the collateral ranch of I mmigration ffi e

“ i o f u W at a n d s the repository all the p blic accounts , herever origin ing , from a documentary standpoint is a treasure - house of va luable infom e t b b e n es be a s the ba ro e er o f a ion . The pu lic accounts have e d cri d m t ’ c ountry s success ; and it is s atisfactory to kn ow that those of Onta r io ar a n of ru n e well housed and reasonably secure from y danger dest ctio . x s m a n d no n d a The inde ystem adopted is si ple , diffic ulty is experie ce i tra c it s e ing an entry through official routine to s ourc .

n t he e rs a e be n : Since Co federation , Provincial Tr asure h v e

H on m 1 . th Ed und Burke Wood 6 July , 1 867 2l s De 1 8 Alexander Mackenzie t c . , 71 25th 1 87 Adam Crooks Oct . , 2 1 9th Ma 8 Samuel Casey Wood rch , 1 77 m 2 n d 1 88 Ja es Young June , 3 Ma cLa an ss 2 nd No v . 1 883 Alexander g Ro , l th 1 890 Richard Harcourt 6 Sept . , ss Premier 1 7t 1 h . 899 George William Ro ( ) . Oct ,

s c 1 5 v m e 1 904 ha s b n Mr The Deputy Treasurer in e th No e b r , , ee . al e n W t r Nicol A derson .

T H E SUCCES S ION DUTY OF F ICE

w office a s established a s the res ult of the p a s s ing o f the S u e . This oe ssmn 1 892 a m Duty Act , , which c e into force on the l et o f July of tha t year . There are now kept on record affidavits made by the a pplica nts o n i i. all appl cat ons for letters probate or letters of administration in the Prov m ce showing the value , as at the date of the death of ’ a deceased person , of such person s estate with a g e n l s o f era tatement the d istribution thereof . These affidavits P ‘ made were first req uired in all cases in November , 1 902 . rior to m a nd this ti e since then also there have been required and a re on file a , i of n p pers ncluding copies of wills , affidavits value , bo ds and o ther documents which in particular c a ses have been furnished in order tha t the a o f m t mount succession duty payable , in cases liable to pay ent , migh

be ascertained . These documents are not generally accessible to the u l a s p b ic , they relate to the private c oncern s not only of decease d b u t "i f B U R E AU O F A R C H I V E S

l f f t ree iving persons . The o fice and documents are under control o he T s of i s a b ra nch urer the Province , and the Succession Duty Office , which

o m e s ur . f the Treasury Depart ent , is in charge of the Solicitor to the Tr a y o w a McD ou al l rr iste -a t When the ffice s established Mr . Alfred g , Ba r La w er 1 902 , was appointed the Solicitor and held office until Octob , , d - at - the res w a . when he s succee ed by Mr Francis Ford , Barrister Law , p en o cc a nt t up .

DEPARTM ENT OF AGRICULTURE .

The records concerning the Agriculture of the Province prac tical ly at e ar b egin in 1 846 . From the organization of the Province until th y ’ a a n d o e b f irs were held in many localities were , as a rule , well supp rt d y the c ommunities in which they were held ; but it soon became evident ’ that a s ystem which would produce combined effort would be a d vanta eo us an d 1 846 a u e ion of the g , in this ide fo nd mbodiment in the format n n m of Provi cia l Agricultural Associatio . Fro it grew the Board Agri c u of an d 1 856 con lture and the Bureau Agriculture . a report issued in ’ ta in o f re n t ea re e d the records the p vious ten years work . Si ce tha y r b e s s e s u n for a ar a nd po rts have e n y t matically is ed , though ot one e ch ye , a a u b 1 86 9 the m terial of gre t val e is to e found in their pages . In Agri e l t e u ural a n d Arts Association was formed . This body gave considerabl a ttention to the Mechanica l Arts a n d Manufactures as well a s to Agri c u n H w n of e a n . a lture . At Co f der tion the o John Carling s Commissio er A r a n ub n o t me t o g iculture d P lic Works . As the Legislature had t a i for 1 86 7 n ot e t n a stafl make ppropriat on , he did appoint his d par me t l

n b n o 1 868 a nd . u til the egi ning f , when Professor George Buckland Mr

William Edwards were appointed Secretaries .

’ fi o k of w as to re a re for su b missidn to the The rst w r the latter , p p e t o un n o L gislature the Bill incorporate the Provincial , Co ty , a d T wn ’ ship Agricultural a n d Horticultural Associations ; the Mechanics I n ’ stitu tes an d the Ontario Association o f Mechanics Institutes ; the Ou ’ ta io of s - m r Society Art ; the Dairy , Poultry , Fruit Growers , and Ento o l o V X X X . a i t e 1 ic . . . al r gic l Soc e i s (3 , Cap I ) Mr Edwards was so Sec e ta r o f ra c 1 870 t o 1 873 th e y the Immig tion Bran h from , when e lat Mr . a D vid Spence was a pp o inted t o th a t office . 1 869 a n d 1 870 i rn o b In , for the nformation of settlers , retu s were ta ine d from all the municip a lities of cleared and uncleared fa rm s a nd

“ f o f n land or sale . A return was also obtained all swamp lands eed ing t o

b e drain ed . m t At this ti e interest in echnical education arose , and the Depart m ent took up the question . The manufacturers and others interested n were commu icated with , and replies were obtained from m any hundred s o f correspondents as to the benefits that would a ccrue from the es ta b l ishm ent o f o f a School Technology . It was thereupon forme d a n d

u . . ho sed with Dr Wm . H Ellis in charge , in the building ne w occupied

by the Public Library . This school was turned into the present School o f m Practical Science . When the school beca e congested and larger quar te n s a es rs ece s ry , influential repr entations were made in favour o f placing th institu tio w ithi f e n . n o v o f the j urisdiction the Uni ersity Toronto . ’ T n o t his view , however , did prevail , and the School o f Practical Scien c e w a s o o f therwise established . The idea technical education in Onta rio is t of of much older han the beginning the School Technology , an d Me ’ ch anics Institutes were conducted in the larger centres fo r ma ny yea rs b ef 1 7 s ore tha t time . In 8 1 teps were taken t o provide an Expe rimenta l ‘ T H E R E PO R T O F T H E No . 48

m o f Farm and Agricultural College , eventuating in the establish ent the - 1 881 Agricultural College and Experimental Farm at Guelph . In the m i ss mn Report of the Ontario Agricultural Co m was issued , conta ining

much interesting information respecting the townsh ips then settled . The Agricult ural and Arts A ssociation continued as an auxil ia ry until o f i t 1 888, when it was taken over by the Department Agr cul ure then

. m . for ed , with the Hon Charles Drury as Minister After the retirement

of the Hon . John Carling , agricultural interests were attached to the

Department o f the Provincial Treasurer , in connection with which they

8 1 890 . 8 . remained until 1 8 Mr . Drury was succeeded in by the Hon

t . . . John Dryden , the present Minis er The Deputy Minister is Mr Chas

A m . 1 891 . m M . . Canniff Ja es , , whose appoint ent dates from June The two most conspicuous branches under the immediate j u r is d ic tion o f the Department are the Bureau of Industries and the Ag r icul

tural College and Experimental Farm at Guelph .

BUREAU OF IN DU S TRIE S : m 1 882 m This branch was for ed in , and its work has been very uch

appreciated by the public . It issues statistical reports annually , dealing m c . u with agricultural and uni ipal interests M nicipal statistics , includ m fi m ing assess ent gures , population , areas a ssessed , taxes i posed , annual d receipts and expen itures , assets and liabilities , chattel mortgages , etc . , have proved of great commercial and financial value to the public gen er l l m t n a t o . y , as well as of great i por ance municipal debe ture holders c a v Oc asionally l bour statistics ha e been furnished , and supplements n s u ch b dealing with various labour questio s , as la our organization ,

- labour legislation , strikes and lock outs . 1 896 1 89 7 m of In and supple ents to the reports the Bureau , con ‘ taining original papers on munic ipal a nd agricultural s ubj ects viewed m mainly fro a statistical standpoint , and having much historical interest ,

were issued .

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AN D E X P ER I MEN TA L FARM :

The experimental work carried on by the College is outlined in the fi w m of cial bulletins , hich have an enor ous free circulation among the farmers of the Province ; copies are also s ent for reference to public i m c ’ l braries , echani s institutes , and to all agricultural and electoral s o C I et i e s . U m s sually as any as copies of each is ue are distributed , and in the course of a year the number o f reports and bulletins some m ti es reaches copies . These reports and bulletins are a pract ical to m o f u guide the far er , and are devoted to the needs the passing ho r , thus furnishing a history o f practical agriculture as it exists year by i year n the Province .

DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS . m i The Depart ent conta ning the largest quantity o f historical data re t of lating to Ontario is hat the Crown Lands . It is the successor to the offic e o f - , o f 1 7 4 Surveyor General dating back to the cession Canada . In 6 Samuel a o m ted pp . m Mr Holland was for the Province of Quebec In the sa e year .

p p - fi n Holland a ointed John Collins as Deputy Surveyor General (the rst) . I 1 78 l 4 . Mr Hol and app ointed Philip R . Frey t o be o n e o f the Deputy Sur v yo rs the of o f e e in Upper District the Province Quebec , his t rritory being ‘ i . 1 788 m Che tt N agara and Detroit In Willia w e , Patrick McNiff James and , B U R EAU O F A R C H I V E S

Mc Do n el l w ho a n d f o r Hugh , Alexander Aitkin , were then some time pre v i o u sl y engaged as surveyors , were appointed by John Collins Deputy Sur v e o m fi y rs to receive clai s and applications fo r land . In the same year the ve e ol d Districts were formed , including Gasp , surveys proceeded and the rec m m ords of settle ent began to accu ulate . t h m At e organization of the Province , David William S ith was Sur ve o r - n h t C ew e t . y Ge eral , and was succeeded by Messrs . and Ridout conj ointly 1 802 l in . Then fol owed Charles Burton Wyatt and Thomas Ridout , W . Chew t n m 1 832 J 1 83 6 e t (acti g ) and Sa uel P . Hurd in , ohn Macaulay , Ken

- a m 1 840 m 1 84 1 t he a te d neth C eron , Tho as Parke , when office was consolid w it ' m the Depart ent of Crown Lands .

COMMI S S TL YE R S or C RO W N LAN D S :

m o f R o b in gon w a s The first Co missioner Crown Lands was Peter , who “ a m s 1 7th 1 827 m n ppointed by Com is ion dated July , , Co missio er for the sale a nd m anagem ent o f Crown Lands in the Province of Upper Can ” f ada , and his instructions from the Lords o the Treasury were da ted 1 8 1 8 27 . th July , T o the Commissioner o f Crown Lands was committed the manage

' — ment and disposal o f all p u b l i c lands r ep orte d b y the Surveyor General t f o be open or sale . The purchase moneys of these lands when received ' were carried to the credit o f the funds to which they belonged in distinct b the R e ooks , under heads of Crown Lands , Clergy Reserves , Military

serves , Six Nations Indians , Big Island Indians , Port Credit Indians , I n Munsee Indians , Mississauga Indians , and the Wyandots and other o n An of f or dians the Huron Block . account the moneys received a n f licenses d timber duties wa s likewise kept in his o fice .

- n The Hon . Robert Baldwin Sullivan was appointed Commissioner i t 1 4th 1 836 succession o Mr . Robinson , on the July , , and he held the o f office up to and subsequently t o the union the Provinces . The following is the list of Comm issioners from the U n i oii to the

. o f : present time , with dates appointment H on m 1 0th 1 841 3 0th . Robert Baldwin Sullivan , fro February , , to June , 1 841 .

23 rd 1 841 1 2 1 842 John Davidson , from July , , to th October , . m 1 3 1 842 1 th m Augustin Norbert Morin , fro th October , , to 1 Dece b 1 843 er , . m 3 r d m 1 844 7 Denis Benj a in Papineau , from Septe ber , , to . th De mb e r ce 1 847 . , e m 8th m e 1 847 to 1 0th John Alexand r Macdonal d , fro Dece b r , , March , 1 848 .

Ma rch 1 848 m 1 1 th 27th 1 851 . John Harvey Price , fro , , to October , 28 1 8 1 3 0th 1 853 th 5 . John Rolph , October , , to August ,

1 7th 1 853 to 26 th 1 853 . Louis Victor Sicotte , from August , , August , A m 3 l st 1 853 t o 26th ugustin Norbert Morin , fro August , , January , 1 855 .

h m 27th 1 855 to 3 0th 1 857 . Joseph Cauc on , fro January , , April , é 1 8 7 n l 6th 57 t o 24th 1 85 . Etien e Pascal Tach , from June , , November 2 t 1 857 1 5 h st 1 858. Louis Victor Sicotte , November , , to Au 0gust ,

mé 2n d 1 858 6th 1 858. Antoine Ai Dorion , from August , , to August , V a n Kou linet m 7th A 1 858 Philip Michael Matthew Scott g , fro ugust , , t o 1 8 1 862 . th March , 2 7th 1 862 t o 23 r d 1 862 George Sherwood , from March , , May , Mc D o u a l l m 24th 1 862 to 29th 1 William g , fro May , , March , 864 . am m 3 0th 1 86 4 30th 7 1 86 . Alexander C pbell , fro March , , to June , T H E R EPO RT O F T H E No . 4

SI N C E CONF E D ERATION

H 1 st J l 1 86 7 to 25th , on . Stephen Richards , u y , , July 1 1 5th 1 87 1 t o 2 l st e , 67 Matthew Crooks Cameron , 2 July , , Decemb r , 7 1 t o 30th o emb er 2 l st m 1 8 , , R icha r d W il l i am Scott , Dece ber , N v 1 873 .

873 1 9th a 1 889 . 4th . 1 , Timothy Blair Pardee , December , to Janu ry 9 1 6 . 1 1 889 1 4th , 8 Arthur Sturgis Hardy , 9th January , , to July 1 899 21 st 1 896 , . John Morison Gibson , July , , to October

1 st 1 899 S . Elihu James Davis , 2 October , ; till holds office

TH E A S S I STAN T COMMI S S ION ER S DURIN G THE SAME PERIOD H AVE B EEN :

t 1 850. B ou thil l ier l 9 th 1 841 t o 3 0 h , Tancred , August , , April 1 69 8 . n w u ssel l 1 8th 1 857 t o 20th , A dr , R , July , , August 7 1 869 to 8th r 1 88 . 2l st s t . Thomas Hall Johnson , Augu , Janua y ,

1 st 1 887 . Aubrey White , February , ; still holds office The Commission o f Crown Lands has control o f the sale o r ma n a g e ow o f ment of Cr n , Clergy , School , Free Grant , and Mining Lands , the sale , b t o m tim er berths , issuing licenses cut ti ber , collecting timber dues , ground ts r c m t , ents , etc . Atta hed to the Depart en are the Surveys Branch the Paten

f e t e u r o f M a n , O fic , h B eau ines , the Bureau of Colonization and Immigr tio f and the Bureau o Forest ry . SUR VEY S BRAN CH The material o f historical interest in this Branch is excee dingl y va b to b r d of ried and exceedingly valua le . Here are e found the ecor s th of n an d r s e surveys the Province ; the original maps , field otes , dia ie o f of n k relating to the survey all the Townships the Provi ce , dating bac to 1 784 t o f the , and reports of all the explora ions made within the limits Province since that date ; reports showing the planning o u t a nd sur veys of e th the old military roads , such as Dundas Street , Yonge Str et , e ' e e an d a er in c n P n tanguishene and Kingston Roads , the p p s o nection G a ra f ra x a with the surveys of the Talbot Road , the Huron Road , the

Road , the Toronto and Sydenham Road (Owen Sound) . There is much v m aluable infor ation in the notes concerning these pioneer roads . This Branch also contains plans o f all the ol d I ndian Reserves of the Pro v ince a n d reports indicating the condition of the Indian Settlements o n these reserves ; also of the ordnance surveys in the Province pertaining to land grants to old settlers ; plans of the military reserves and pl ans shew m o f t g the location and groundwork the early forts . Besides hese there are the original surveys o f all the lands acquired by the Canada ’ of to s f Company and those granted King College . A collection o much i mportance is that embracing the diaries or j ournals o f David Thomp son , the A m 6 6 1 784 to 1 850 strono‘ er Royal , covering a period of years; from , m ’ and making about fifty volumes . Tho pson s famous map s hewing the i t o cont nent from the Atlantic the Pacific , and from a little south o f the ’ iii Great Lakes to Hudson s Bay , is carefully preserved the collection . ’ Thompson s j ournals and map have furnished interest ing material to s o f . tudents our early history They have been used by Mr . C o u es in his “ i on the h- b work ent tled New Light Great Nort West , and have ee n f ’ ’ found use ul in connection with the editions o f H enry s a n d Thompso n s l m ’ Journa . Co petent authorities regard Thompson s work as most v alu a b l e to the State , especially in the fixing o f boundary lines ; b u t o f little O l m a ess I port nce are the field note s and dia ries o f many o f the early sur ve o rs n ot m y t erely for topographi cal re asons but o n account o f the d e t a i i m n led nfor ation give . h T e o f r i s e . G r n l Director Su v ys Mr eo ge Brow ey Kirkpatrick . B U B E AU O F ARC H I V E S

P AT ENT S RAN CH : k - n B Chief Cler , Lieut . Col . Charles Stephe Jone s .

Deposited in this Branch are many valuable and interesting docu u m ’ ments , incl ding the United E pire Loyalists lists , the Records o f G n t o Land ra ts Immigrants , to Discharged Soldiers , and the Militia G o f t o o to n rants warrants discharged tro ps , U ited Empire Loyalist s ,

Volumes of Land Board Certificates , returns of Locations compiled for m - n d the Quarter aster General , Fiat and Warra t Books , Domes ay Books , i O i o f conta ning r ginal entries every lot that is patented , and extending to twenty - six l a rge volumes ; Descriptions and terms or references on i wh ch patents and leases are issued ; Patents for Crown Lands , Mining a Lands , Free Grant Lands , and Mining Leases . There are also series o f v of Maps the Townships of the Province as surveyed , which ha e this t a advan ge over those in the Surveys Branch , that the names of the orig

inal holders and settlers are entered on each lot or block o f land . These ’ maps shew the grant made to King s College and the lands allotted to

the Canada Land Company . The historical value of these records is in f o r of estimable , without them the settlement the Province could not

be traced or shewn .

‘ B R R E A U OF MIN E S :

The Bureau of Mines was es tablished in connection with the De a tm n 1 89 1 8 o f r e t of . p Crown Lands in the year , by Chap the Ontario t “ of . o Statutes that year The obj ect , as declared in the Act , was aid n ” in the promoting of the mi ing interests of the Province , and it was provided that the head of the Bureau should be known as the Director of the Bureau of Mines and should act un der the direction of the Commis s ion r f d NO b of e O Crown Lan s . dou t the action the Legislature in creat ing the Bureau of Mines was due to a recommendation by the Royal Commission o n the Mineral Resources o f Ontario in its report published ’ in 1 890 o f b , which gave a complete account the progress made y the m o s u e s ining industry in Ontari to that date , and made a number of g g tions with a View of promoting the welfare of the industry and the de ’ v el o m n p e t of the Province s mineral wealth . The following extract from the introduction t o the Eleventh Report o f the B ureau of Mines will convey an idea o f the methods adopted by w hich its energies are employed : “ No form al plan o f operations was outlined f or the Bureau by the to of the Legislature , which left means and methods the dis cretion head

' o f the Department and o f the Bureau for the time being ; b u t the eff o rt has been t o m a ke the work o f the Bureau as practical and useful fo r e b conomic ends as possi le . “ ’ Doubtless the Bureau s princip al function is the collection a nd n p ublication o f information which will be of ser vice t o those actually . e b o f m gaged in the usiness mining as prospectors , miners , or ine owners , as well as to promoters and capitalists looking f or Opportunities of ’ t eresting and investing money in the development o f the Province s n a mi eral resources . Such information embr ces a very wide range of

’ " s u know l ed e of bj ects , but at its foundation lies a g the geology and min er a l o o f m g y the Province , without which any atte pt to exploit and de ‘ - ve1 0 p the mineral wealth o f the country w b ul d be mere groping in the

d . fi o ark . This knowledge can only be obtained at rst hand by actual w rk fi m o f o f of the in the eld , and as a atter fact there is much the geology

Province which is yet unknown o r known only in the most general way . T he G eological S u rvey o f Canad a ha s the whole of the D o m l nio n under T H E REPO R T O F T H E

of ha s e te its care , and though probably a fair share attention b en devo d v in Ontario , there are yet extensive districts in the Pro ince whose rock formations have not been studied even in the most superficial manner . 1 9 00 The s urveying expeditions sent into Northern Ontario in by the Government of the Province made us somewhat more familiar W ith the the outcropping rocks north o f the C a nadian Pacific Railway , but from nature of things the expeditions returned with much more Information respecting the timber and agricultural capabilities o f the soil than of n o r of of . I the geology of the region , the existence valuable minerals

' i no t t o m m , t deed , in the li ited ti e at the disposal of the parties was be expected that search for mineral deposits would be made . “ th of Nevertheless , e labours the Geological Survey and the Bureau o f Mines have resulted in accumulating a considerable body o f useful knowledge respecting the geological phenomena of the more readily a o cessible portions of the Province , and in various districts the way has been cleared for more detailed exam ination and the tracing o u t o f min - m o f eral bearing formations or known mineral belts . A nu ber such dis tr icts have been visited and explored by competent geologists o n behalf of the Bureau ; characteristic occurre nces of o r e have been studied and described ; geolo g ical and mineralogical conditions favorable to the ex i sten ce of o r e bodies have been carefully noted ; geologically colored m e maps o f ineral regions have been pr pared and published , and much other information acquired of a kind likely to aid the prospector in his o r o r d to of search for mineral veins deposits , in other ways calculate be m d use in the ining in ustry , especially in its early stages . The results of these labours have been given to the public from year to year in the the Reports of Bureau , for which there has been a steady and active de o f mand , not only in Ontario , but throughout the whole Canada , from t n a n d m . Great Bri ain , fro the United States and other foreig countries of o u t These Reports , too , have given the yearly statistics the mineral o f n n v m put the Provi ce , by mea s of which the de elop en t of the industry o f t F o r . e or any branch of it can be raced several years past , figur s . show m g the quarterly output o f the metalliferous mines and works of the v b c d Pro ince have also , in accordance with the Mines Act , een ollecte v and gi en to the public .

’ ' T he field of the Bureau s Opera ti on i s very far from being ex n on the c O ha sted ; ontrary , pportunities to extend its work increase and i m o f r v O mult ply with the general develop ent the P o ince . The pening up ‘ o f the u b l i Northern Ontario is a question deeply occupying p c mind , ‘ and the settling upon the waste l ands o f the Crown of a hardy and pro . d u ct i v l e popu ation is a prime necessity if Ontario is t o keep in step with the progress o f the continent o r maintain her pre - eminen c e among the v m confederated Pro inces of the Do inion . That there is a grea t m inera l - wealth in the northern and western portions of Ontario can no longer be doubted , and upon its utilization in the ne a r future m ust to some extent m o f depend the speedy develop ent these districts , especially where the IS land not well adapted for agriculture . t ' But i i s not in Northern Ontario only that there is s c ope fo r the

- best energie of the Bureau . The pal aeozoic rocks o f the south western . s l f peninsu a dif er greatly from the Huronian formations o f the north and north -west portions o f the Prov ince in the character of the econom ic i ic m m nerals wh h they contain ; but the petroleu and gas wells , the salt a d m m ‘ n gypsu beds , the li estone and s andstone quarries aff orded by the i i o f S lur an and Devonian formations settled Ontario , as well as the beds

T H E R E PO RT O F T H E ND . 43

' Collections of m inerals and samples are made r epresent ativ e of the v ar on in f or ious portions of the Province , and these are kept hand cases re exhibition o r are displayed at fairs o r exhibitions when occasion q uires .

B B R E AU OF FORE STRY

The Ontario Bureau of Forestry was created in 1 895 by direc tio n of

o f . the late Hon . Mr . Hardy , then Commissioner Crown Lands , Mr m Tho as Southworth being appointed Director . 1 883 be m w as Previous to this , in , the late Ro rt Willia Phipps appointed under the title o f Clerk o f Forestry t o issue pamphlets or a t o reports on tree pl nting and forest preservation , and conduct a cam pa ig n of education among the individual landholders of the settled part of r b i to the Province , where it was felt that the count y was e ng o rapidly m f to the of . o cleared of trees , detri ent agricultural interests The Clerk

Forestry was attached to the Department o f Agriculture . ’ 1 883 o f Mr . Phipp s first report was published in , under the title v ” The Necessity of Preser ing and Replacing Forests . Subsequent e o n 1 884 1 885 r ports were issued by Mr . Phipps much the same line in . , 1 886 o n e 1 887-8 1 889 - 9 1 89 1 0 . , and in , in , and in 1 882 a a fo r On the death of Mr . Phipps in , the office rem ined v cant s m i n of ome ti e , and was subseq uently filled by the appo ntme t the late H on 1 894 s ea r . Christopher Finlay Fraser in , whose udden death ly in 1 89 O 5 rendered the ffice again vacant . O 1 895 o f o r s r and a ce The ffice in May , , was made a Bureau F e t y pl d ‘ f o f n the under the direction o the Commissioner Crow Lands , Director

to to d on c w o rk r being required undertake , in addition the e ucati al p eviously ou t of o f s e carried , a study the question reforestation and fore t pres rva v o n t o a n a r c aci to ation the lands of the Crown , and act in dviso y ap ty t o the Commissioner of Crown Lands in developing a practical fore stry f or policy the Government . 1 896 1 89 7 1 898 1 899 Reports have been issued from the Bureau in , , , , 1 900- 1 1 89 8 m w o m . f a s c In a Royal Com ission o Forestry appointed , o f n osed the late E . W . Rathbun , Deseronto , Chairman ; Joh Bertram , ‘ po r onto K . irkw oo d D e a rtme nt o f B McW il l iam s ; Alex , p Crown Lands ; J . . , S o f of uperintendent Forest Rangers , Peterborough ; and the Director of m r as a n Forestry , Secretary . Their preli ina y report was published a t o 98 and a s ub ppendix the report of the Bureau of Forestry in 1 8 , s mm 1 99 equent report of the Co issioner in 8 . In 1 899 the Director of Forestry was appointed to act as S u perin tendent o f the Forest Reserves created under the Forest Reserve s Act of 1 898 . These Reserves at the present time include the Eastern Re ser ve i o f of n the Counties Frontenac and Addington , approximately acres ; the Sibley Reserve o f acres on the north shore o f L a ke S Tema a mi o f s co n uperior ; and the g Reserve in the District Nipi sing , i ta ning acres .

B B I E AU o r COLON I " ATION

With the confederation o f the Provinces in 1 86 7 a distin ct bra n ch of G v m v of mm fi s to the o ern ent ser ice Ontario was I igration , attached r t m o f o n t o the Depart ent Public Works , but later transferred the Treasury e Department . Originally considerabl sums were annually expended in s o ne this serve , year reaching over Of late years , howev er , the annual expenditure had been reduced to a su m sufficient to defray . the o n e a expenses of office in Liverpool , England , and distributing office B U R EA U O F AR H I V E S C .

for immigrants maintained in the ol d Parliament Buildings o n F ront S 1 9 02 t o treet , till their demolition in , and then removed the Uni on S a t tion , Toronto . 1 873 t o 1 9 02 mm w From , when his death took place , I igration a s in ch o f r fo r arge the late David Spence , Sec etary that Department . to H n o . With the accession the Premiership of G . W . Ross , in 1 899 , it was decided to create a Bureau of Colonization t o take charge of m I mig ration and also of land settlement in Northern Ontario . The B ureau of Colonization was placed under the direction of the Co s n mmi sio er for Crown Lands , and Mr . Thos Southworth was appointed

Director . o f m The work the Bureau , in addition to Im igration , consists in r t the f p eparing litera ure concerning various land districts , and af ording a to k b n dvice as desirable locations to intending settlers . This wor has ee ' m g reatly taken advantage of b y the public and has beco e very extensive .

M P DEPART ENT OF UBLIC WORKS .

Public Works and Agriculture were associated from Confederation

1 878 m b t . until the close of , when the for er ecame a separate Dep artmen TI h S f l e Annual Reports how the dates of the erection o Public Bui dings , B k m m the con ridges , Loc s and Dams , the i prove ents to waterways and s o f s truction colonization roads , railways , and the extent of these interest ma b : y e j udged from the , following facts The Architect h a s charge of construction and maintenance repa ir o f a b out 400 Institution s and other Public Buildings . The Engineer has charge of 6 Navigation Locks and Dams ; about 1 00 m t b al Reserve Da s ; 1 0 Swing Bridges over navigable s reams , esides sever fixed bridges ; a lso about 50 Timber Slides and 75 Piers and Booms in c b onnection with naviga le water . The Superintendent of Colonization Roads keeps accounts fo r the m b 50 21 ns aking and maintenance of a out 450 Roads , Bridges , Drai ,

e tc o i . . , in the unorganized p rt on of the Province - c fi a n d oc u The title deeds , plans and spe i cations , contracts , maps d an d v al ments relating to these institutions and works , making a large u h d to a b k . a le collection , are ept in this Department The Branches ttac e it r f b u . a e those o Highways , Fisheries . and the La our Burea

The dates of service of the several Commissioners are as follo w s :

n o 1 867 . Hon . John ( w Sir John) Carling July , 1 87 2 . Archibald McKel l a r January ,

‘ h h 1 874 . C r istp o er Finlay Fraser April , 9 1 8 4 . William Harty June , 1 99 b 8 . Francis Robert Latchford Octo er ,

The present Departmental Officers are as follows :

n . Commissioner H o . Francis Robert Latchford

l m m . Asst . Commissioner Archibald Wil ia Ca pbell

Secretary William Edwards .

Consulting Architect and Surveyor Kivas Tully .

Accountant and Law P aw s on Edwards .

Architect Francis Ryley H ea kes .

Engineer Richard Purdom Fairbairn .

t o f . Sup . Colonization Roads Henry Smith T H E R E PO RT O F T H E

HIGH WAY S BRAN CH The Highways Branch was organized in 1 896 under the Department of Agriculture and was transferred to the Department o f Public Works m mm o f e 1 90 . in 0, Mr . A . W Ca pbell being Co issioner Highways sinc of the . office was created . The work this Branch deals with general high m t o r way i provement , engineering advice and services with respect oad and bridge construction being given t o Municipal Councils and officials

throughout the Province .

B UREAU OF LAB OUR

of 1 900 By an Act passed at the Session of the Legislature , a Bureau for o f of Labour was established for Ontario the purpose collecting , as m n to m t sorting , and publishing infor ation relati g Employ en , Wages ,

‘ f Co - O o r Hours o Labour , throughout the Province ; peration , Strikes

other labour difficulties ; Trades Unions , Labour Organ izations , the t o relations between Labour and Capital , and other subj ects of interest to workingmen , together with such information relating the commercial ,

industrial , and sanitary conditions of wage workers , and the permanent o f the prosperity the industries of Province , as the Bureau may be able O m to gather . In developing the bj ects ai ed at by the Bureau , statistics of n b e and other data regarding the conditions the people , the relatio s t m ween capital and labour , facts relating to trade , co merce and industry have been accumulated and already form a collection o f considerable ‘ d G l o e kl in extent . The Bureau is under the irection of Mr . Robert g , and m of is attached to the Depart ent Public Works .

DEP ARTMEN T O F F I S HERIE S :

In consequence of the Government of the Dominion of Canada hav ing assumed that Fisheries and Fishing rights and the property therein the m throughout Do inion were vested in the Dominion generally , and under such assumption of right had collected revenues in respect o f such i F sheries and Fishing rights , notwithstanding a continued and vigorous — protest o n the p a rt of this Province and probably by other Provinces t o f tw o and private li igation having arisen , and the inconvenience im n m on cla ants to the property havi g been realized , it was ulti ately , t o pressure by Ontario , deemed necessary and expedient obtain the de r i o f m t to l sion the Supre e Court of Canada , wi h appeal the Judicia ’ mm o f n ot t o v Co ittee Her Maj esty s Privy Council , only as the respecti e rights of the Dominion and the Provinces as to Seacoast and Inland Fish b u t eries , also as to the proprietorship of the ungranted public lands with i m n Canada (whether they were Do inion or Provincial property) , in respect of which proprietorship Ontario contended that the question o f w a s l i h D o m . t t o fishery rights argely affected respect Fisheries , the i i c m i m c a h i n on lai ed that , under the Brit sh North A eri Act , aut or ty was vested in the Dom inion Parliament t o legisl ate respe cting Seac oast and F i sher ie s a n d s Inland , that consequently Parliament could not enact law with respect to Fisheries without reference to either Dominion or Provin C I a l ownership of the bed o f the lake o r river itself ; and that the ‘ right o f r control , including the issue o f licenses f o fishing privileges in the W a s waters mentioned , so far as they ere within Canadian territory , w therefore vested in the Dom inion Government ; and in respect o f waters m m b flowing over ungranted public lands , the Do inion clai ed a solute title , a n d v n v Th including the lakes rivers , na igable and un a igable . e B U R EAU O F A RC H I V E S .

m ’ Supre e Court , however , and subsequently Her Maj esty s Privy Coun C l l — , swept away the greater part of these contentions w h ich Ontario had opposed , except always admitting to the Dominion the right to leg i sl a te s m the respecting close easons and the i plements of capture , and general right of the Dom inion for the purposes of revenue to tax fish ing , as it could by legislation impose a tax on any business . The Judicial Committee by their advice t o Her Maj esty held That the beds of all rivers and lakes (which had not been granted) were the property of the Province in which they were situated ; s e That the waters of uch rivers and lakes and the fish therein , wer also Provincial property ;

That the sole right to issue fishery leases , licenses and permits to

fish , and to receive fees for such leases , licenses , and permits , was vested in the Pro vinces exclusi vely ; That a Provincial Legislature is not empowered to enact fishery . t o r regulations and restrictions , ei her generally unless and until the Dom inion Government sees fit to deal with the subj ect ; That a Provincial Legislature is empowered to deal with fisheries in so far as they fall within the description of property and civil rights ,

‘ or within the description o f any other subj ect assigned to Provincial Legislatures ; and That a Provincial Legislature may impose a license duty on fis hing P in order to raise a revenue for rovincial purposes . o a th of m S on fter e receipt the Privy Council j udg ent , the Ontario Governm ent declared to t he Federal G overnment its readiness t o assume the duties which the j udgment had determined to devolve upon the

Province , and several conferences between the Honourable the Minister

’

n L . of Marine and Fisheries (the H o . Sir ouis H Davies) and the Hon

’ o u r a b l e the then Premier of Ontario (the Hon . Mr . Hardy) were held on e at Ottawa and Toronto . At of these conferences the various pro i v isions o f the j udgment , so far as they referred to fisher es , were taken i t m m a d if up and d iscussed s er a i . Though there y have been a slight ’ ference of opinion as to their Lordships meaning on some points , it was " ' m on the w hol e considered by the representatives of the tw o Govern ents that the prerogati ves o f the respective Governments had been so clearly defined by their Lordships that there need be n o serious apprehension

t . of any conflict o f authority in the exercise of their several func ions i In 1 897 the Legislature o f the Province passed a n Act respect ng on - Fisheries , to be brought into force such day as the Lieutenant Gov

er n or - in - Council by a proclamat ion might appoint . The Act had , how of ever , been framed in accordance with the decision the Supreme p , Court , and before the ap eal to the Privy Council had been disposed of and it was therefore deemed necessary that some amendments should be

made before the Ac t could be put into operation . An early session was

m , a ss m convened f o r the purpose , a ong other things of p g the needed

legisl ation to bring the Act into operation , to provide for the establish t he o f mi i s ment o f a Fisheries Department , taking over Do n on record s , , . , fi and documents , the granting of leases licenses etc as rst step exer towards developing this recently recovered valuable property and

cis ing oversight over the s ame f or its perpetual preservation , by the establishment of such a policy as would commend itself to the fishermen i i a t whose livelihood depends upon its preservat on , and the commun ty b of i s large , and y requiring a strict observance the laws and regulat on

enacted for that purpose . W i Ou Mr Samuel Tovel Bastedo , who had been connected th the . ‘

T H E R E PO RT O F T H E Ne . 43

of ri va te ta rio Civil Service for nearly twenty years , in the capacity P Secretary to the Honourable Sir Oliver Mowat and the Hono ur a ble w a of e Arthur S . Hardy , s charged with the organization the D part m of Mr m 1 898 e . ent in , under the Com issionership the Honourabl f ff of m r a nd five Hardy . The o fice sta consists a Deputy Co missione ff of m 1 20 he s . T assistants , besides an outside sta o e officers under pay of a u e a nd ub n e res d ocuments o f the Branch are consider ble vol m p lic i t t .

o DEPARTMENT r EDUCATION .

The archives of the Department of Education are naturally vo lum ino u s m d o rn r b , co prising as they annual retu s conce ning pu lic sc hool s , l and a rs high schools , col egiate institutes , colleges and universities , p pe S o has n e reaching as far back as 1 846 . rich a mine found an i defatiga bl

. . b c ompiler in John George Hodgins , LL D , the Li rarian and H en to r istoriographer of the Departm t , whose massive documentary His y th b t t o has now reached its 1 0 Volume . Dr . Hodgins has also rough gather a collection o f Canadian books which students find useful in his

to ric a l research .

THE CANADA COMPANY .

The papers of the Canada Company are interesting historica lly on account of the large areas of land held by them for settlers upon which

fl i ro w n . Villages , Towns , Cities , and ourishing commun ties have g c et w A omplete s of the Annual Reports of the Company from 1 826 , n o r f of a ra e , is in the Toronto Of ice and duplicates the despatches re sto re d n s v in the Head Office , London , England . The collection co tain ery va b f or u r s s lua le material , but while carefully indexed office p po e , no fi r nding list o calendar has been attempted .

M ’ ST . ICHAEL S PALACE .

of - of n The archives the Arch diocese Toronto , which ar e d ep os ited i ’ . o f in ac St Michael s Palace , are extensive and full interest , reach g b k t o of m as they do the days before the erection the diocese , and e bra cing o c o f fficial orrespondence the Church as new settlements were formed . v e fi b Mr h The archives ha e b en partially arranged and classi ed y . Hug F r s b of l a er Macintosh whose work has een a labour ove , a n d is a tr to hi s t o ibute industry and devotion a good cause .

TORONTO PUBLIC LIBRARY .

Durin g the p ast 20 year s the Toronto Publ ic Library ha s a cc u m u a l ted a large collection of documents and letters in ter estin to the s f o of o f i i nt rgst to the tudent the early history Ontario , and espec al e o f f m City Toronto ro the connection of the writers with its early hi s

to . g p p of fi v — a l . ry Amon these are the a ers the rst Sur eyor Gener , D . W Sm o f ith ; Chief Justice William Dummer Powell ; William Jarv i s fi , c of o f H o n b n rst Se retary the Province , and the . Ro ert Bal dwi , At n - . n tor ey General Altogether these collections , with a umber of small er l o s t o m 300 l m , v , u l l o u n a n d i d d t amount so e o u es caref y b d n exe , a n d as ce ss to ible all students . B U R EA U O F AR C H I V E S

CANADIAN INSTITUTE .

The Library of the Canadian Institute is devoted almost exclus i vely to the Arts and Sciences . But while the papers read at the meetings of the Institute a n d published in its j ournals are generally o f a s cienti i s t rather than an historical character , there are s ill m any valuabl e co b a ntri utions among them to the history , arch eology , and physiography f a o Ontario . A few years g o a bibliography of these papers was com il d b e s . . h s is p , y Profe sor D R Keys and publis ed , and a list of accession being prepared f o r publication which will provide a usefu l finding l is t to the investigator .

VE S I Y TORONTO UNI R T .

While the loss t o the University of Toronto by the destructive fire ’ of 1 89 l l i f 0 has been in many respects irreparable , a large do ect o n o b b n ooks has een made since then which form a valuable library , atur a f n d d lly o greatest interest to the University student . Papers a ocu Of fi on ments the University , however , mostly escaped the re , acc ount ’ of a b o s h ving een h u ed in the Bursar s quarters , which , at that time , n o n ow were t connected with the University building , and are deposited

fi u . in the muniment room , which is reproof and commodio s Among many papers of int erest are those concerning the grants of land to ’ King s College and the correspondence concerning t he allotment and ’ b te sa le of these lands to settlers . King s College lands were distri u d n thro ugh many Townships , and the papers connected with each Tow o ut of s al ship are grouped separately , and each transaction arising the es b o f to is eas ily tracea le . The charter the College , recently presented

the University of His Lordship the Bishop of the Diocese , and s ome v n e an d a to ery interesti g early documents , lett rs , ancient books are lso e b e found her .

f rts The Archives o f the Law Society , o the various offices and Cou of i i s a t Osgoode Hall , and the, Municipal Archives Toronto , n wh ch mo t to not no r e in teresting documents are be found , I have yet reached, hav S er v m n ot re I had time to examin e the other branches of the Publ ic e rr t i e ed o above .

A CK N O WLEDGMEN T 0 The courtesy f o r which the officers of the Civil Service of Onta rio n x n to me in a re oted has been generously e te ded n The officers and clerks a t the Departments have offered every facil ity in their power , often to these re s om e inconvenience to themselves , enable me to conduct p i d a itu e l ifnin a ry enquiries , and I gratefully acknowledge their k n ly tt d

rs . and des ire t o aid me in my labou T H E R EPO RT O F T H E

DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS .

The following reports are published and distributed by order of the Legislature : SE S S ION AL NUMB ER AN D TITL E OF PAP ER :

1 The Report o f The Public Accounts . m 2 The Esti ates . m 3 The Report of The Crown Lands Depart ent .

4 The Report of The Director of Forestry . l 5 The Report of The Bureau o f Mines . c 6 The Report of The Queen Vi toria Niagara Falls Park . ‘ 7 The Report of The Commissioner of Public Works .

8 The Report of The Inspector Of Factories .

- 9 The Report of The Registrar General .

1 0 The Report of The Inspector of Insurance . m 1 1 The Report of The Registrar of Loan Co panies .

1 2 The Report of The Education Department .

3 . 1 The Report of The Toronto U niversity .

1 4 The Report of The Agricultural College . 1 m 5 The Report of The Experi ental Union . ’ 1 6 The Report of The Fruit - Growers Association.

1 7 The Report of The Fruit and Experimental Stations . 1 8 m The Report o n The Fu igation Appliances . 1 9 m The Report of The Ento ological Society . ’ 20 The Report o f The Beekeepers Association . 2 1 o f The Report The Poultry Association . ’ D a i r m 22 The Report of The y en s Association . 23 The Report of The Live Stock Association . ’

Pr i n t ed o r di s tr ib u ti o n on l . 24 Hand Book Women s Institute . ( f y ) 25 m ’ u The Report of The Far ers Instit tes . 26 The Report on Ontario Fairs and Exhibitions . 27 of The Report of The Bureau Industries . 28 c - m The Report of The Instru tor in Road aking . 29 The Report of The Bureau of Labour . 30 m m The Report of The Ga e Co mission . 3 1 o f m The Report The Depart ent o f Fisheries . 32 m m s . The Report of The Te iska ing N . O . Ry . Commi sion 33 of o f v The Report The Inspector Di ision Courts . . f The Report of The Inspector of Legal O fices . 35 The of Report The Inspector of Registry Offices . 3 6 t The Repor of The Board of Health . 3 7 o f. c The Report The Provin ial Secretary and Registrar . 3 8 of o f n n d The Report The Inspector Lu atic a Idiot Asylums . 3 9 o f o f The Report The Inspector Prisons and Reformatories . 40 o f o f The Report The Inspector Hospitals and Refuges . 41 o f The Report The Institute for The Blind . 42 b The Report of The Institute for The Deaf and Dum . 43 o f f The Report The Superintendent o Ne g lected Children . 44 of c of The Report The Inspe tor Liquor Licenses . 45 o f c The Report The Muni ipal Auditor . 46 Elections .

T H E R E PO RT O F T H E N o 48

o f m v unicipal councils , or of various societies ; the proceedings of arious f o r mm . o r courts , co issions ; parish registers , etc , should all be secured

the Archives , in copy at least . But such material need only be calen t t o f dared as a guide to i ts con en s . On the other hand , narratives ex t n o f the ploration , accoun s of the life and experie ces the people in early of v of settlements , reports arious bodies on the condition the country , etc , should be printed in full , as having a general interest . m m m As to the collection of aterials , it ust be re embered that it is n o i m t in accordance with the best traditions , either n Europe or A erica , that the originals of the various his torical records of the country should m be collected into one centre . There are any places where quite valu able historical material is‘ duly prized by the people of the locality for m t o local and personal reasons , and the re oval of this material a distant centre would tend to deaden rather than to stimulate and diffuse inter

. At m so . est in historical matters . the sa e time , long as these scattered m o records re ain unique , there is always the possibility of their destru m m . fo r tion , fro one accident or another It is , also i possible the student o o r a v i l him o f the history of the country as a wh le to either discover , a o f o f self , these scattered sources , within reasonable limits time , energy , c m . or eans It is , therefore , necessary that at least authentic opies of all documents having a historical value should be provided within one : o f m t central depository . As sources historical infor ation , accura e

‘ c m co mm on l ni u c h opies are quite as valuable as original docu ents , and y w ho s DO more legible , as those will well appreciate have con ulted the m o f t minion Archives , the ost valuable portion whose treasures consis o f copies .

The Historical Manuscripts Comm ission in Britain has rendered an . m v c n ot t o r to im ense ser i e , only that count y , but the world at large , in making known t he historical treasures which are distributed throug h o u o f t scores private libraries in Britain , and in furnishing in a mple h calendars t e gist of their contents . m v v Thus , in the Do inion Archi es at Ottawa , in arious public and m c educational libraries , throughout the Do inion , as well as the Provin e , m V m and in any private collections , there are to be found aluable anu m im script records , as well as quite unique printed atter , dealing with r of o u r o f c to po tant phases Provincial history , which opies ought be v c t obtained for the Provincial Archi es , thereby rendering these s at ered m o aterials available in ne centre and reducing the risks o f loss . F o r m t o m o f so e years co e , I should consider that the publication s pecial volumes of Provincial records should n o t be allowed to interfere with the far m ore urgent work of the Archivist in attending to the dis . c o v er O o f v c a y , collecting ; opying , arranging , and calendaring Pro in i l

historical material of every available kind and of every period . I trust that yo u m a y b e given every f a cil itv for the adequate ac c omplish v ment of this ery necessary work.

Yours truly ,

ADAM S H ORTT .

EV R . PROFESSOR WM . CLARK , TRINITY COLLEGE ,

TORONTO . — DEAR MR I F R A S E R z Regarding the establishment o f a Bureau o f c v for o u r i m b Ar hi es Province , I cannot agine that there can e two op in i a s to on ons its value , provided the work be pursued correct lines . Even n ot o f to he 1 n if we had the lead other countries follow , t necessit y d B U R E AU O F AR C H I V E S

h o u r d o c ui ne nts etc . utility o f provision for t e preservation of public , , b would e evident . n o i t v e w ho I need t go nto de ails . They will occur to e eryon is com m the petent to form a j udg ent on subj ect , but I j oin in the general wish t hat you m ay be successful in building up an important department .

Yours most truly ,

XVI I L I A M C LARK .

L X . E N D D . D ) . . L . REV . PRINCIPAL CA , , , KNO COLLEGE

R : a DEAR M . FR A S ER I m glad that Ontario has followed the ex m Of v A a ple older communities in ha ing established a Bureau of rchives , ’ and that our Province is n o t to be subj ect to reproa c h as i n cu mosa sn or u m . The Bureau will collect and safely preserve the material of his f tory , taking history in the widest acceptation . O ficial documents of

value , legislative , j udicial . municipal , educational , etc . , will then be r placed in safe keeping , and will be available when the historian o t o m legislator wishes consult the . A reasonable expenditure f or such

a purpose will not be grudged by an intelligent people . There must b e a suitable place for the custody of the documents —a m nd collected , place which shall give sufficient room , free fro damp a r well ventilated . There are doubtless othe requisites of safe preservation m which those who have experience in such atters will readily suggest .

W M A EN . . C V

B R V VAS H D D U . . REV . CHANCELLOR , , VICTORIA

UNIVERSITY .

R A S E R — DEAR MR . F z I t g ave m e great pleasure to note yo ur a p pointment by the Ontario Government to the important office which o u l e a s i1 r n b y now hold . That p e has bee increased y the fact that the w ho Office has been placed in the hands of a man is a scholar , a man of e r b o f n lit ra y a ility , and deep interest in historical questions . I can ot say t o o m uch as to the importance and value to the country of the work a t o f which yo u are placed in charge . Nothing is more imp ort nt o a ' fo r t t e country than it s history , i is our pas history which creat s the public sentiment and moulds the patriotic character of our entire oiti s

z n hi o f . e s p . We have a history in Ontario well worthy preservation The fathers and buil ders o f this Province were men and women to b e t he o u r proud o f , and foundations of civil , social , intellectual , and re l ig io u s institutions were laid in deeds of heroic sacrifice which deserve

remembrance throughout all generations . The attention o f the Ontario

‘ t o Government has been none too soon directed this important subj ect .

Our historical societies , and such labourers in the field as Dr . Hodgins , know ful l well how rapidly the most valuable early materials are per hin f o r o f am G i s g want care , and I sure that the overnment of Ontario will be amply j ustified in the most liberal measures to secure at once the preservation and publication of whatever historic al material can

mm m , n ow be secured . Your progra e is a most co prehensive one and I can only wish y o u the m ost compl ete success in the task which ha s

be en assigned t o y o u . u Yo rs sincerely , UR A N . B W S H . T H E R E PO RT O F T H E

A . B MR J . H . COYNE , . . , ST . THOMAS , ONT .

E EK- RE S IDEN T TARIO I S TORICAL OCIETY P ON H S .

T o the H o n o u ra b l e the P r emi e r :

1 898 m a S ec ia l m In March , , at a eeting of p Co mittee named by me , under the authority of a resolution of the Pioneer and Historical Asso c ia tion o f the Province of Ontario , for the purpose of considering the re - o f As organization the sociation , I read a memorandum in which I o of re - utlined the work the proposed organized Society . It was printed of m is in the Report the Special Co mittee , but as that Report , I think , o f out print , I shall repeat that portion o f the memorandum which o u t ’ I lines the Society s work . t seems to me that the duties as signed to ’ " . Mr Fraser could easily be made to fit in with the Society s work , and o this , I understand , is also your w n wish ; In the memorandum referred to I said : The work of such an Association naturally divides itself into the : following classes , arranged chronologically (a) Archaeological :

m - Including the Exa ination of Mounds , Ossuaries , Ash heaps , and other Pre - Historic Remains ;

This work is already so well attended to by Mr . David Boyle , that it ’ m ay for the present be om itted from the scope of the Association s

operations , except so far as incidental to its other obj ects . (b) Aboriginal History : This includes an inquiry as to the original savage occupants o f On

tario , their origin , migrations , traffic , and intercourse ; their langu o m - age , t pographical no enclature , folk lore , and literature , the v m origin and de elop ent of their clan , tribal , and national organiza tion ; the history and results of European contact ; their present

c . ondition , capabilities , and tendencies (0) History o f Discovery and Exp loration : fi This includes the study of of cial records , printed and MS . books , m m o f pa phlets , correspondence , the reports and aps early F rench d r m and British explorers , tra e s and issionaries , soldiers and sur E m v e o rs U . . . y , down to the Loyalist im igration History o f Settlement : 1 l o f u ( ) Official , as contained in pub ic records , reports s rveyors , i c om records of Crown lands , munic pal , court , and registry offices , 2 e missions , public correspondence , etc . ( ) Unofficial , as contain d in o l d m pa phlets and newspapers , private j ournals and letters , monu

m o f . ents and epitaphs , and the recorded reminiscences pioneers The History of Settlement and Population may be worked out along the following lines :

(1 ) Ethnological and Linguistic .

(2) Religious and Ethical .

(3 ) Political and Municipal . 4 c ( ) So ial and Industrial .

(5) Military and Naval .

- (6 ) Folk lore .

(7) Educational , Literary , and Artistic . Incidental work : The climate and physical conformation o f a country profoundly a d of u1 no t affect the type n character its inhabitants . It wo d be outside the scope of the Association ’s operations if some attention B U R EA U OF A RC H I V E S

to mete orol o c " were given the physical geography , geology , and o f f i topography the various portions of the Province , as af ecting ts

historical development . s This will , perhap , be a convenient classification for practical

purposes , although there may be some overlapping . Reminiscences of Pioneers : The o f work of recording the reminiscences the pioneers , who are

fast passing away , is one which cannot safely be postponed . It should on m be carried upon syste atic lines under competent expert direction ,

- o f . and with the aid stenographers Some of the neighboring States , ‘ Mi chi a n a n d m such as g Wisconsin , have expended considerable su s in t m his direction . Their published records beco e increasingly valuable o f a each year , and to future generations will be priceless value . On d o f count o f the danger further delay , the work involves considerable

expense , and should therefore be assisted generously with publ ic funds . Early History and Topography : A large part of the early history of the Province is written o r printed in the French language and Should be translated into Eng , M of o l d lish . uch it is in departmental records , in fading ink , r o f fast becoming illegible . Many wo ks great educational value are locked up from the public in rare and costly publications within b reach of the few only . The best of these should be made availa le m m u n f or the community at large . A ongst many books and uch to printed material relating the early history of Ontario , which m o r ight by translation , transcribing , publication , reprinting , as o f far as they relate to Ontario , be placed at the disposal the student f the : o Ontario history , following may be mentioned ’ o f S a g a r d s Country of the Great Lakes , his History Canada , and

the Relations or Reports of the early Missionaries . ’ (2) G a l in ée and Dollier de Casson s Journal and map of their j ourney f from Montreal to the Sault by way o the St . Lawrence and the -7 Great Lakes in 1 66 9 0.

O s . (3 ) Extracts from the archives f London , Pari , Ottawa , Albany , etc

Writings of other early explorers and travellers , such as Hennepin ,

La fit a u , . La Salle Joliet , , Lahontan , Charlevoix , De Kalm etc , . ’ k on of i ts (5) Po u chot s Memoirs is a wor of special importance account wealth o f historical and topographical detail . 6 The valuable records of the Detroit Land Board from the close of ( ) . the Revolutionary War until the surrender of Michigan by the

British in 1 79 6 . in m n . , (7) Original court records , assess ent rolls , minutes of cou cil , etc

the various districts and counties .

f i i , , (8) Documentary histories o the Essex , N agara , Long Po nt Talbot a s of Canada Company McN a b and other settlements , as well the , ,

various national societies a n d religious and other communities . The above outline embraces a considerable volume of work for the — Association to undertake on e involving many years of steady and con m of i m i tin u o u s labour , and , doubtless , i portant classes histor cal ater al ' of have been overlooked in the list I have given . If a very small part c o n e it is ac omplished satisfact orily in any year , we may well feel that

- we hav e n ot laboured in vain . t a A very pressing work is that o f s ending out Circulars o newsp pers , 1 , i r i o f , n municipal bod es , professo s , teachers , nspectors schools Gover ment Prov 1 n ce and municipal officers and others throughout the , urging the , .

c areful collection and preservation of h istoric records , manuscripts , ’

T H E R E PO RT O F T H E N o . 48

t a re m t e c . letters , j ournals , aps , portrai s , , and also of arch eological m i s af a ns . Another is that of covering the Province with societie in

fil ia ti on with the Provincial Association . The above schem e o f work was adopted upon the r e - organization of “ the c n m , On Pioneer and Histori al Association u der its new. na e The ” m t o me tario Historical Society . It see s , that the Provincial Archivist could m ost effe ctively c o - Operate with the Historical Society in carrying it out . m t c The arrange ent , classifica ion , and alendaring of the Provincial him archives would naturally be undertaken by at an early date . The m c m Crown Lands Depart ent ontains , perhaps , the ost valuable , but the other Departments at the Parliament Buildings have also most import th ant archives from the historical standpoint . At Osgoode Hall and e City Hall will also be found valuable archives extending back to the o f ol d b e foundation the Province . The records of the Land Boards , o f o f 1 79 1 ginning before the passage the Constitutional Act , are in m t m the Crown Lands Depart en . I have exa ined those of the Detroit Of v t o Land Board , and know that they are alue students on both sides t o the international boundary line . The others are equally valuable th m o f c e student of the early settle ent the Provin e . c c The Archivist , in arrangin g , lassifying , and alendaring the s the o f the the archive , will have benefit experience of others such as m v a n d c v i of late Do inion Archi ist , the Ar hivists of the ar ous States c m o f Am Hi s t o r i ca l R ev i e w the Union . In a re ent nu ber the erican , I Observe references to tw o papers which m a y be o f service : “ T h v ” e Archi es of Oregon , by Professor F . H . Young , in the u a r t er l c 1 902 Q y of the Oregon Histori al Society for December , . “ The First Annual Report o f the Director O f Archives and His the a o f the tory , in Vol . VI . of Public tions Mississippi Historical

Society . t The Carnegie Institu ion , at Washington , has undertaken the pub l ica tio n the c o f the m of a guide to Ar hives U S . Govern ent . It is under the c . . v dire tion of Dr C H . Van Tyne and W . C Leland , and will gi e a general description of the sundry collect ions o f historical and admin i stra ti v e c the v m re ords belonging to Go ern ent . m to m d t h l e c . b m v a Infor ation as etho s , , s ou d e gathered fro the ri a n d m A c v ous State Do inion r hi es .

a c a c The org nization should be upon su h s ale , and with such c lerical a smst a n ce , l A v n as would enab e the rchi ist to do substa tial work . His it m a y v energies will be largely wasted , . be feared , if de oted entirely t o t he m c drudgery of ere lerical work . The experien c e of Gre a t Britain in this line o f work will be o f great s er vme ' . u v h m f o r I nderstand that pro ision is t ere ade the removal , t o ' l ‘ what we wou d call the Archives Dep art ment o f all departmental p c t a l l a v apers down to a er ain period th t ha e a historical character . The reports o f the v a r io ti s Histori c a l Records Comm ission s should be d ff t o m stu ied for the information they a ord as ethods . “ ’ ” S a g a r d s o f 1 632 Country the Great Lakes , p ublished in , is not y e t i s . c translated into En g lish It the first publi ation dealing . it m ight

. cl v n o w be said ex usi ely with what is , Ontario . It was followed in 1 636 hi s y o f with Histor Canada , which has also yet t o be p u t into English : The Ontario Histori c al So c iety mi g ht well undertake this

c , o f c a work whi h will course , take onsider ble time , if adeq uately done. It mig ht be well to take the early French records and publish them in c l hrono ogi cal order . The G a l in ée Narrati ve and Map made a good b e B U R E AU O F A RC H I V E S

of to of ginning in this line work , as relating the first exploration the of n m n ew boundaries old Ontario . The earlier steps in exploratio ight be taken up as opportunity and means will allow . b at on ce l The Land Board Records could be pu lished , , as they wil

. the not require editing At least , editing could follow in future y ears . ’ m me ff But it see s to that the Archivist s e orts should be devoted , in t he fi fi rst place , to the arrangement , collection , classi cation , and calen daring of the Provincial archives ; whilst aiding the Ontario Historical , a n d o fi Society , generally , in such ways t such extent as he nds possible . The vast stores of m aterial in the Government departments should be m to f a mil ia ri z ade available historical students , and Mr . Fraser , while m b t o ing hi self with the archives , can render most valua le aid others w ho of 0 desire to make use them . A E S YN E J M H . CO .

0 . . . . MR . C JAMES , M A , TORONTO .

RE IDEN T N ARI I S RICA CIE Y P S O T O H TO L SO T .

T o t he H o n o u r a b l e the Pr emi er

. o u t I quite agree that , Mr Fraser should lay a plan of covering our i of e Prov nce in a series pr per historical sequence . Our Historical e Society has laid the foundation for such a series in Galin c . We have o n several occasions discussed the propriety of publishing an English ’ t o f F e ranslation ouch t s Narrative , which would be a connecting link between the first days of white exploration and the beginnings of Brit m t a 1 759 - 60 o . ish rule . It see s me that Mr Fr ser should begin with , a nd give us a vol um e or two on the period down t o 1 783 : say one volume

- - 1 783 1 760 1 776 m 1 776 . , and the second volu e Following these would c m E o e the U . . Loyalist settlements , and the later British immigration m f or m e . ovements , in their pr per sequence The aterial the volume

- 1 76 0 1 776 can be got m ainly in the Archives at Ottawa , and it would ’ t o m be necessary for Mr . Fraser go over the sa e , which he could readily d o with the help of the Indexes and Abstracts annually printed by the h Dom inion Archivist , and then ave copied those that he desired to i i u print . The M chigan Pioneer and Historical Society have ss ed sev

eral volumes o f western records thus copied at Ottawa . There would “ I m i be , presu e , no obj ection to the use of the Dominion collection in th s

way . u m o u t While these two or three vol es were being put , the Archivist c ould be gradually accumulating material in reference to the ‘ n o t the and the later township settlements . I have least doubt that m m aterial would come t o him fro unexpected sources , if it were known

that he had a safe place in which to keep it , and if it were thought that o u r ex eri some day it would see light in his annual reports . That is p m m ence in the Ontario Historical Society . We have ore aterial in sight

than we c a n afford to print . - : Yo u Another su g g estion for a first class v olume are , perhaps , aware that I have worked up a paper on the First Legislature o f Upper to m the f or , Canada . I a now preparing Second the press and I hope

continue with the Third and Fourth . I beg to suggest that the Arch of for s i vi st issue , in one volume , the Journals the Legislature the fir t

on . , eight o r twelve years , with all the Statutes passed and notes same f H e c ould reprint my pers onal sketches o the Legislature as an Appen T H E R E PO RT O F T H E

' Th J o u rn al - n ot dix . e s are typewritten , are rapidly fading , and are m of the readily accessible . There are not ore than half a dozen copies t m . early Statutes available in all Canada , and most of these are inco ple e In connection with the office it might be well to have some statutory t m au hority for collecting early unicipal records . I have seen town 1 9 — n ow ship minutes going back t o 7 0 these are in private hands , and are likely t o be lost by fire o r other cause . There should be authority

'

n m . f or the Archiv ist to call these i , and deposit the in his vault of Mr . Boyle , the Secretary the Ontario Historical Society , has sug

gested that Mr . Fraser be appointed Secretary in his place , thereby unit ing the two offices . I can see many advantages in that , and have con ho o . w su l te d of . . two my colleagues , Mr C yne and Mr G R Pattullo , ° c u o u r S o ciet heartily oncur in the s ggestion , p rovided the work of y be not merged in that of the Archivist . If we had room available for o u r storing books and reports , and if there were a definite assurance v that the two lines of work would be kept distinct , I belie e the results

in m . would be very beneficial to both . Mr . Fraser could , his ovements _ v about the Pro ince , stir up local societies to better work , and the two

' branches together could accomplish a great deal in the way o f saving o u r m a n d local records , sti ulating further research , in the publishing of m aterial that will be not only interesting but stimulating to our ' national pride .

AME S . C . C . J

U . MAJOR J . A . C RRIE , TORONTO the H o n o u r a b l e the Pr e mi er : Some time ago I observed that steps had been taken to collect the of m archives this Province and atters pertaining to its past history , set tl ement f b t o e , etc . , and I understand an o ficer has een appointed tak

charge of this work . The records of the Crown La n d s D ep a rtment are a mine wherein . , n ca be found records of settlement of the land , who took it and settled etc b u t of mm l it , surveys , . , none the Provincial records contain the co una b life of the early settlers in the various townships . In order to esta lish c h a t m a ba kbone for t is work , and sound basis o com ence upon , I would Suggest that steps be taken to procure and have deposited in some suit i n c u st o d v of v able place , the Pro ince , the minute books of the various m 1 8 unicipalities dating from 8 5 back to the beginning . These minute books are records of the communal life of the townships or m unicipal

s . m itie No doubt , in any cases , they will be meagre , but will furnish

the groundwork for further research . Later on these minute books may t o m be lost , and now is the time take steps to secure the , and should they be required by the municipalities at any time the archives officer

appointed could readily give a certified copy o f the extract required .

In taking up the archaeology of the Province and its early history ,

“ my Opinion is that the firs t work should commence at a modern date and

should work back to the beginning , as that is the only way by which ' v of errors can be a oided . For instance , by beginning with the history m " the Province fro the Jesuit Relations , matters that might be accepted ‘ a at t m : as f cts in the early work of the Archivist , a later da e ight be m upset , whereas if the work is sketched and taken up fro . the present ,

' which is known , then the past can be more readily deciphered .

JOH N ALLI STER C URRIE .

T H E R EPO RT O F T H E N O . 48

a s Especially , if occasionally this would include n rrative of the

1 783 t . period prior to settlement in , ei her in French or English I trust that the accommodation granted for u se W l l l be ample for all purposes of storing and collecting papers . t But yo u have no doubt though these matters all out , and have d efinite plans for your Operations . — m I wish y ou all success as your success mean s the enrich ent of this Province .

Yours sincerely ,

JAME S BAIN .

D D . . . REV . JOHN GRAY , , ORILLIA , ONT

EAR MR RA SER z —W o u o D . F hile congratulating y up n your appoint m O ent to the ffice of Provinci al Archivist , as the right man in the right ' I w h m n place , is to e phasize the very great importance of your office , a d t he wide field of labour which you are called upon t o cover . o f Oh The future historians Ontario should , through your labours , tain ample materials for preparing reliable and interesting narrative s o f o f the progress and patient labours of the settlers , and their succes

. sors , who are still in New Ontario , continuing the mighty conflict An d you will find multitudes Of documents in the Departments Of m m m s the Provincial and Do inion Govern ents , as well as in many ho e t o o r throu g hout Ontario , which will require be preserved copied , and so placed and arranged that there will be easy access t o them . This brief and imperfec t statement o f what will be required from o u u o u y in connection with but a part of the duties devolving pon y , c annot b ut convince the m ost skeptical of the necessity for such an o fi a s m m the f ce yours , and at the sa e ti e impress upon intelligent mem ' ‘ o f m bers the Legislative Asse bly the n ee d of their aid and sympathy , a n d the ne cessity of granting such a su m from the Provincial Exchequer a s ou m will enable y to , perfor your important duties with efficiency and s uccess . o m Of Hoping that you will be able t ake your fice what you , yourself , a n d v hO e our friends , p and desire . I remain ,

Most truly yours ,

JOHN GRAY .

. A V . U PROFESSOR L E HORNING , VICTORI NI ERSITY .

MY EAR R R — M . RA S E v o n D F As you know , I ha e been engaged m c c ou r so e bibliographi al work in onnection with literature , and I as sure y o u it is no easy matter to get in formation on early books and o n m writers , or historical atters generally . People throw away or burn O Ol d O m l d ld letters , pamphlets , ld account books , old inute books , o m t m . o f or aps , etc , ake way new books , papers , etc . , which have not the v of m o r m O ol d S . O o u alue so e of ost f these things , I hope y will b e able to organize your work both in your o w n quarters as to fyling , in

. s o u m a b e dexing , etc , and al o in reg ard to collecting , that y y able to on t o t o ou lay your hands everything which ought o g y . T O o f t o make your collection use investi g ators , it will be necessary t o o f r publish lists accessions quite frequently , perhaps eve y quarter, an d to have al so a good in dex o f these ma de from time to time and kept B U R E A U O F A R C H I V E S

to . of up date Of course , everything printed by the different govern en a m tal dep rtments you will have such a lis t , but there ought to be o , n of b i a c py or eve two , all pu licat ons in Ontario put into your charge . ' m Of . i regard to your collections , you ight make use fraternal W th “ ’ soc 1 ” “ ’ ” et1 es , A Ol d Boys ssociations , and Teachers Associations . From these latter a man or woman from each township could be inter e sted m f or and a systematic search ade all valuable material . Indeed , ’ a dvantage might be taken of Teachers Conventions to give instruction o n the way to make collections . Then , too , there are a few Hi storical S OC ieti S , b here and there which might e, increased in number and put t 0 worIg

I feel very strongly the necessity Of setting to work a t o n ce to rescue ou r eo er th n i the fast perishing sources of history ; and y j g s of use . I wish yo u every success in the work t o which yo u have been a p

. I t of O pointed will be a labour love , I am sure , and doubtless ften of d t o isappointment ; but there is no more important work be done , as a O contribution to our history in all lines f development , and I do hope t o o u b see y succeed and succeed a undantly . Yours very sincerely; R I G . . O N N L E H .

P . , ROFES SOR J SQUAIR UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO .

MR DEAR . FRA S ER : The appointment of an Archivist f or Ontario is something f o r which everyone interested in the history Of o u r country

. of will feel grateful A good deal historical material has been lost , but enough stil l rem ains scattered here and there e v er the Province which o m ught to be collected and added to the Depart ental Archives . It is to be hoped that you will be able to stir up local historical societies and Old Boys ’ organizations to take a greater interest in all that pertains t o m our history . Doubtless when these societies co e to know your facil ities for preserving and publishing material their activity w il l be

q uickened . Wishing yo u much success in your new Office,

I remain , yours very truly ,

U A IR . J . S Q

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH .

Y D AV I D E I D EY N I E R S I Y LEGE R B R O N . K S , U V T C L , TO O TO

w O the m Ed ard A . Freeman , the historian f Nor an Conquest , and the m ost stimulating o f recent Oxford Professors of History , taug ht with char a o f O cter istic insistence that the greatest discovery that age f discoveries , the

O m . nineteenth century . was the discovery f the historical ethod Not only has this m ethod revolutionized the study of those Sciences which were form hiSt o ri ca l s erly called , such a law , philosophy , literature , and theology , but the applic ation Of the method to the so - called natural sciences has produced the m ost remarkable development and g iven to the study of nature a soli c i o f darity whi h it never had before . In short , the whole Darwinian fabr c s m t O the inv esti Evolution is ba ed on the application of the historical ethod , t O O S m o f g a io n f the facts f Biology . O inti ately is the idea evolution con m O s nec te d wit h the n a e of Darwin and the subj ect f natural cience , that it w ill probably be a surprise to many cultured readers to learn that this ide a T H E R E PO RT O F T H E N O . 48

o f studying the development of the m odern from the archaic was really an m O m application from the comparative ethod f odern philology , as taught by m m Of c O m b the early Ger an asters that s ience , f who the leader was Jaco

Grimm .

Let us trace the history of this historical method . Jacob Grimm got it ’ m m w ho r m fro the great Ger an j urist , Von Savigny , was G i m s Law Pro f ess or U m m ict o r at the little niversity of Marburg now fa ed as the ho e of V , Von th m t o the great German phonetician . Savigny had derived e i pulse m t o f O m this hi storical e hod study , which he applied to the subj ect f Ro an ” m Ol d o f G oettin e n Law , fro his own Law Professor at the University g ,

- i o An ti J a co bi n . n (or G ttingen) to quote from the Hugo , in turn , got his ’ spiration from the famous chapter o n the Roman Law (44) in Gibbon s h d B o ffin . W e a Decline a n d Fall . When Mr . was listening to Mr g g he no “ idea that the germ of the great scientific growth which produced the Ori gin O ” “ f Species , six years before Dickens wrote Our Mutual Friend , was a ’ “ ” S “ chapter in Gibbon s book . The world , ays Emerson , globes itself in a ” O to fin d drop f dew . It is both interesting and comforting that after all not only did our English Darwin make the greatest application of the m r . ethod , but our English Gibbon was its first source nearly a centu y before m “ int el l e c But , as in too any other cases , the Germans , with their greater c t o t he i t f o r t of a of tual a tivity , due ex s ence , cen uries , score universities de t o m d irec voted to the higher learning , were able develop the ger in many ” tions long before Darwin wrote his Origin of Species . In the case of mm O O Jacob Gri , in particular , the importance f the study f the early forms O O so a of law , of language , of literature , f institutions , and f religion was p parent that he found nothing t o o old or t oo trivial to be overlooked in his - m m w a s epoch aking investigations into the early life o f the Ger ans . He f m sco fed at f o r his devotion to the uni portant . He might have answered “ Of m O t r ifl s H is o n G enius is the power aking use f e . work , based his l aborious study Of every little scrap o f antique learning o r antiquated cus t o m a — Of m arked n era . It was the real German renaissance the rebirth the Ol d Teuton feeling which had been claimed in t he bonds Of an iron frost n ow loosened by the mellowing influence Of this enthusiasm for the things. O 1 8 6 m ’ t . 0 m f old In , Arni and Brentano , pro pted by Schlegel s regret hat

’ ‘ m n E n l a n d s Pe rc c a n d Ger any had othing like g y Ballads , ollected published that great m ine Of literary material known as Des Knaben Wunderhorn , “ ’ ” “ ” “ m The Boy s Magic Horn . Without it , says Paul , Ger an lyric poetry S O m of the nineteenth century would have been impossible . uch for his toric research in its influence upon literature . the Its influence upon life was yet greater . This research inspiring , Of poets with intense love fatherland they in turn , aided by the powerful influence which the German professors have always exerted upon their a t he t rdent and enthusiastic students , brought about , first , war of libera ion , f o r o u r and then the intense desire a united Fatherland , which own genera m bu i s tion has grown fa iliar with as an accomplished fact , t wh ch forty year l ’ ago ooked like a young man s v ision that n o Old m a n dreamed of seeing . While these momentous results were being brought about during the -Of course the last century , the ardor for historical study had led to an almost v incredible activity in in estigation and research . Every province in Ger m G r a n d d u chie s m many , to say nothing of the various kingdo s , , Dukedo s , so Ol d principalities and forth , into which the confederation was divided a l l s m m o f each and have their historical societies , is uing volu e after volu e O ic O ld records from the past , such as those wh h the Archivist f Ontario will r m c n . o n e m a i f o hen eforth endeavor to procure Here , in Toronto , y read m m O G Oerr the Canadian Institute , the historical e oirs f the e s Gesellschaft , B U R EAU O F A R C H I V E S

named after the Heidelberg professor mentioned , of the historical society for i of Of S x v a on . ar the Prov nces Posen , Lower of the Steierm k (Styria) , an i Austr an frontier province not much larger than Lake Ontario . In the i i b Un vers ty Library there are nearly fifty pu lications , added to which was ” a U - recent niversity Study on the Anglo Saxon Scop , or mins trel , of which fully half are German , some linguistic , others literary , others his t oric a l of , but all interested in a subj ect this antiq uarian nature . The mere list of these publications would give an idea of the extent t o which historical research is now being pushed in all civilized countries .

of Va n B ut Germany , the great intellectual workshop the world , leads the .

France spends many thousands of francs on this obj ect , though the great c o f B u chon P t ollections of early days , those Guizot and and eti ot , the last 1 3 1 m m f inf r in volu es , might see to give enough material . The amount O o mation published in connection with the French Revolution is enough Of ar Of itself to daunt the stoutest he t any but a German student . In Italy , of the home Academies , this work is being pursued with even g reater vigor Milton and Goldsmith were attracted by these Italian academies in the sev

n h . ow e n tee t and eighteenth centuries Every large city has its n academy , d t a n supports it with a civic pride to which we have , unfortuna ely , no par ' t o allel . Let the reader pay a visit the Canadian Institute and be convinced ’ G iottol o ico o f the wealth of material sent out by Italy . The Archivio g , Of Of formerly edited by Ascoli , the greatest Italian scholars , now in charge

S a l v i on i , his most distinguished pupil , is devoted especially to the history Of Of the language and literature , and ranks among the best such j ournals

I . in the world . ts twenty volumes are in the University Library

Nor are the smaller and less Opulent nations behindhand in this work .

Effete Spain has its Royal Academy of History publishing , a great volume every year ; immature Brazil has its histo rical annual ; both Russia and I n J apan are actively carrying on this historical rivalry . the northern n O e row n w ith i , ations f Europ , the impulse derived from Germany has g t me so that n ow there is n o less devotion to the study of antiquity in Sweden and

Norway than in Germany itself . But while all these countries are liberal in their support Of the work o f . n o f i an archivist , it is o this continent and by individual States the Un on that the most m u n ificent treatment has been accorded to the historical

, , i s tudent . New York , Pennsylvania , Michigan Wisconsin M nnesota are all showing an admirable Spirit Of liberality in looking af er the collection . t o f an d publication of the records of their past . The publications the Wis consin State Historical Society are , a credit to the State as well as to the ir learned editor . That man of these publications deal rather with Canadian history than o f with that of i sconsin does not lessen o u r appreciation this work , but should stir in us an ambition t o d o something for ourselves and at once set bout collecting those materials which are still availabl e Every C itizen of a . w o f t he ntario th a due sense of patriotic pride in the past history Pro O , w i vince must feel relieved to think that Ontario is taking her place Officially , in the list of those States a nd Provinces which recognize the importance Of collecting and preservin g the materials f o r historical research . T H E R E PO RT O F T H E B UR EAU O F A RCH I V E S

m il in t he H i t o r o f a T o w n hi S u gg est io ns a s t o Co p g s y s p .

0

A of t o b map the Township ought e fu—rnished . — Introductory : Origin of the Township c hanges in its ounda ries r — b brief references t o features of its industries anyt hing specu l re

lating to its urban communities , etc . s — u Chapter on physical feature nat ral history ; fauna , flora , geology ,

etc . o f History of people and places , illustrated if possible by pictures O f noted residents , dwelling houses , schools , churches ; beautiful a d O landscape n bits f natural scenery . co m l e te o f n A p list place ames with their derivation .

S I R FR AN C I S PALGRAVE “ O or o f i The history f a county a township , if properly invest

gated , disinters the most important facts with regard to the genera l v in Of state and condition of society , gi ing facts stead theories , O m ” figures instead f sur ises . S E C T I O N O F M AP O F C LAR K E TO W N S H I P . X R A C F R R CL A A I F R HE U N T Y r URHA T T OM O M T ON o r 1 792 O MI N G T CO o M . E P , D That the thirteenth of the said counties be hereafter called by the m on name of the County of Durha , which County is to be bounded the n of o f m n on east by the westernmost li e the County Northu berla d , the o f n south by Lake Ontario , until it meets the westernmost point Lo g 1 6 Beach , thence by a line running north degrees west , until it intersects the southern boundary of a tract of land belonging to the Mississauga t o Indians , thence along the said tract , parallel Lake Ontario , until it meets the north -westernmost boundary of the County of Northumber ” land .

N OT E S : The C o u n t o f D r ham 0 ) is divide d i nt o s i x t o w n s hi s v iz : Ho e b y u ( p , p ( ) a C avan c C la r ke d Manve s e Da rl in t o n C t w r i ht . ( ) , ( ) , r ( ) , g (f) , r g (g ) T w n h r r e e 1 7 Mc D o n e l l e r he To s i o f Cla ke w a s s u v d in 9 7 b A . D u t S u ve o p y y , p y y r G ene r al a N a d aft e C o u n t D u rham E la d b Af e r Li a m e r th . o f n n . t e t e n nt . ( ) e y , g ( ) u o e n r A f o r o r n o r A G ve n o r H H o e dmin ist r at o r G ve r C a let o n d u in ab se n ce . 0 ft e r y p , r g ( ) r t h C o u nt o f C avan I e lan d Aft e r Ma o r - e n e r al Al u re d C la e Lie u t e n ant e . G k y , r j r , G o ve r n o an ada 6 f ha rl es P r re o nt E a l Ma v A r r r f C A t e r C ie i n e s . ft e D l o . a ( ) p , r r (f) i n t o n n n ( I H i h r r r f f o n . C t w i ht n t i e A N E la d . n n r o c a d a a a v l a Y ) ho o o n . . g , g 0 R g , b y , , w h et t l d K n st on w r an dfat he o c a d J a ir i h . r t w r i o s e a t i a s o f H n . S R C ht Mi n g ; g r r g , i st e f Tr ad a n C o mme r c a n ada r o e d e fo r C .

T H E R E PO RT O F T H E B U R EA U O F ARC H I V E S

H " DUR AM : I COUNTY GEOLO G CAL FEATURES .

f or Except a few low outcrops of ancient shale and limestone b e

' n i - in n un lo g ng to Cambor Silurian times the souther part , Durham Co ty is covered With drift deposits belonging to the very latest period of the ’ . h1 st r o n . f world s y , the Pleistoce e At the close o the Ice Age , the edge o f o the great glacial sheet , which had c vered all eastern Canada , halted i n the front townships of Durham and piled up a great range of morainic of b m - k hills , partly oulder clay , often very stony , and partly ka e li e w ith sand and gravel . These rough irregular hills crossing the coun t r y from east to west , and sending a proj ection as far south as Newton i ville , form ts most striking geographic feature . When the ice had withdrawn farther but still filled the valley of

. n I b b the St Lawre ce at the Thousand slands , the asin now occupied y ak n of fi L e O tario was , course , lled with water from Niagara River , and k one o ha a larger and deeper la e than the present , Lake Iroqu is , as it s

been named , covered the southern edge of the county , cutting its shore i n“ the boulder clay hills of the ol d moraine and piling up beaches and ' f b l d b gravel bars across the mouths o ays . The o each is easily followed its shore cliffs and gravel ridges to the north of Bowmanville and 1bew ca stl e Oron r , o resting on a gravel bar ; but a great promonto y extends some miles to the southward near Newtonville which is at the foot of of un on the ol d cliff . In this part the co ty , the Kingston Road runs of H O e Iroquois gravel deposits . North P ort p , the shore recedes in a r off d eep ha y with a prominent island a mile o two shore . Where the ’ b s M idland Railway clim s the hill at Quay s gravel pit , the shore deposit

and cl ifi are very well displayed . Perhaps the most interesting feature of this ol d beach 1 s the fact that it is no longer horizontal but tilts u p toward the north - east at the b u ’ it i n rate of a out three feet t o a mile . At Q ay s gravel p its elevat o a bove Lake Ontario is 31 2 feet ; near Whitby , in the next county to the

26 1 bo . west , it is only feet a ve it - When the ice dam which blocked . the north west end of Lake i v the f or b n w a . I roq u o s thawed a lake was drained , and a time the asi th b f of . o e may have een at the level o the Gulf St Lawrence , th ugh n the water remai ed fresh . Finally , the continued elevation toward a north - east raised the outlet and enclosed the present L ke Ontario , bringing us down t o recent conditions . This may have taken place from a o the of I i u to years g , and commencement Lake roquo s m st of ol d La ke I ro u 0 1 s probably be placed twice as far back , the beaches q . . f or f orm a tl on of and of the present La ke Ontario requiring their most the time since Niagara Falls began to cut its canyon back from Queenston

Heights . E AN . OL M A P . C .

S ee sk etch map on next pa g e .

T H E E O R P RT O F TH E B U R EAU O F ARC H I V E S

TH E SETTLE MENT D H M ‘ OF UR A COUNTY .

d I real ize , in un ertaking to speak before Durham Old Boys about nn i n i ou I b the co ect o s of my fam ly with Durham C nty , that am pro ably a d d ressm g gentlemen who are far better acquainted with the facts of i nn o n b h story co ected with this c unty tha I am . But , e this as it may I shall take the , _ l iberty to discuss the settlement of my direc t ancestors in D or un , , fini n i n n urham Co ty more de tely speaki g , n Darlingto tow ship b in fi as e g the rst to settle in that locality . i an t u fi My d rect ces or , Roger Conant , who ltimately was the rst set D tler in urham County , lived in Massachusetts at the outbreak of the

u n . H tw o u American Revol tio e , unlike his brothers , ref sed to j oin the

. ha d b H , een u n patriot army e ed cated for the law , and had atte ded Yale University , and owned several thousand acres of land in Ma ssachu s etts and New Hampshire . Money was a scarce commodity and for his large property Roger Conant could only get together This he 1 obtained in gold , and in 777 he set out from the vicinity of Boston with

his family. Their conveyance was a covered wagon drawn by tw o - s, in n ox t n i u horse and follow g was a eam drawing a cart , lade w th ho se

o . H fi o at H hold g ods is rst st p was udson River , where he seems t o have f or ’ remained some time . But Governor Simcoe s offer of g rants of land in Upper Canada t o those w ho would come and occupy them hurried ’ Roger Conant s j ourney . Arriving at the mouth of the Niagara River n i i to o i i a d h r ng a flat scow c nvey h mself and his fam ly across , he landed n of n at Newark , the the capital Upper Canada . There he met Gover or w ho i i n Simcoe , tr ed to persuade h m to go up Yo ge St . to lands on Lake

. to n o he re Simcoe But , not wishing leave the shores of Lake O tari ,

u . f sed Following the lake shore , they at last reached the site of York , of n . 0 n then a cluster I dian wigwams But he did not st p here , and co of tinned his j ourney still farther east on the shore the Lake . u It was late autumn and provision m st be made for man and beast . r October was upon them and winter near . They ultimately eached a S e to n n b pot which se med suit their exact co ve ience , and this , ecause it provided foo d both f or the cattle and horses and for the settlers them ’ I t b s ek selves . was the mouth of a little creek , known as Bar er Cre , which flows into Lake Ontario about tw o miles east of the western o u nt f 5 of d y line o Durham County , and miles west Bowmanville har b n ot i the our . This creek , I think , does empty nto Lake Ontario at same place n ow as it did when Roger Conant settled there . It has some o l d can e what deviated from its course , but there still be traced the plac where it emptied into Lake Ontario when Roger Conant settled in that I w locality . t was a meado , and dense marsh grass grew there , which the ' ea rl y settler was quick t o observe would provide food f or his beasts An to during the coming winter . d , again , this same little stream was provide food f or himself and his family also . Salmon ascended the k n n; cree in November in great umbers , and this would serve as their wi ’ r fi b ter s food . He e they nally located and set a out building a log cabin , the fou n dation of which still remains close by the waters of Lake On g d i sta fi a tario . They brou ht their , and were , to certain extent , inde to o pendent of the whole world for their existence . Hemp seed they m p m i o n l y m brou g ht with the , last su mer while visiting the spot I found growin g there several stalks of the long hemp which originally they grew there .

’ a “Read b efore t he Du rh a m Ol d B o ys A sso cia tion . " T H ' E R E PO RT O F T H E N o 43

It was truly a grand existence . The virgin f orest around them still s o f , tood untouched by the hand the red man who , up to this time , had co s ntented him elf with hunting the beasts of the forest or catching the

fish in the streams . The region about them was a perfect result o f the

creation of God , as indeed is the whole of Durham County at the present

time . It was a new world , a world j ust to be opened to the influence c of ivilized man . The remainder of the fall they spent in building their cabin and in preparing for the severe Canadian winter which they knew was inev it a b l e . Roger Conant was a literary man , having graduated from Yale

1 765, in and he brought with him some books , which , no doubt , were c him n ompany for during the long winter months . Gover or Simcoe had fi told Roger Conant , when he saw him at Newark , that when he had xed

o n o " a location , he was to blaze the limits f the farm on the lake shore o he w uld like to have , and that he , the Governor , would see that he ot for so S o n g his patents the area blazed . , after the log cabin had bee c ’ ff b b ompleted , he , in accordance with the Governor s o er , egan to laze o u t to ow n n the land which he wished . But Roger Cona t w a s conten t c m 800 with o paratively little , and only blazed out some acres altogether .

It is to be regretted by myself , and indeed by a l l of his direct descend

. b b ants , that he did not laze out at least a township . The lots so lazed in 28 29 30 3 1 n b were, precisely speak g , lots , , , and i roken front , Da rl i n ton m g township , Durha County . The reason he did not bl aze more u n b b is undoubtedly beca se blazing i volved considera le la our , since a s l b b a b traight ine must e made out from l ze to laze , and again , the early s ettler did not have any thought of any future value of the land thus

. n acquired He did not , conseque tly , bother blazing more than 800 a cres . The blazing being completed , the settlers set about clearing e r s away the forest , and the whol winte was pent in logging . In the following autumn they reaped the bounteous harvest which the virgin s t s b e oil in i a undant fertility yield d . not to But Roger Conant was content live like this . He had n a brought considerable mo ey with him from New Engl nd , and this he

proposed to use to some advantage . Furs and furs only would bring so i to money , w th the capital which he possessed , he made his way Mont e 1 799 o real by canoe , and ther , about , had Durham b ats built . They b -b fiat b for or were road rimmed open oats , and strongly built rowing fi b towing . These he lled with lankets , knives , ammunition and the

f or . b n like , to trade with the Indians furs With these oats he retur ed ‘ o d t to Durham County and his home . He went north with his g o s o ra of S cu o n t de with the Indians , to the shores Lake g g i Durham

' Co u nty f Trading with the Indians generally b e g a n in the early morn ’ n of the ing , and the I dians were informed the trader s presence by

firing of three guns at sundown in quick succession . Upon this signal

the Indians would hasten t o the trader to exchange their furs . The n n dealing was necessarily very slow , as an India will trade o ly one skin

‘ a t m b a ti e , and the bargain concerning that skin must e fully completed fi of before he will enter upon another deal . But having nally disposed to t o a n all his , goods , Roger Conant would return the lake shore get other supply for trading purp oses . snfier in o f It was a hard life , but Roger Conant did not , be g a man b very remarka le physique . They generally arrived at the trading n n grou ds in the evening , and it was necessary to wait till mor ing before O m b f or b commencing perations . Therefore , having cut so e oughs a ed ,

they would soon be covered with their robes and , before long , sound

T H E R E P O RT O F T H E

tl ement began in Darlington , or more generally speaking , in Durham

County . The Burks and the Trulls settled in Darlington soon after the m Conants , and in about the sa e locality . These were the earliest pio w ho needs settled down in the then impenetrable forest . They built log m u d shanties with bark roofs , plastered on the inside with , and their only neighbors , or rather occasional callers , were Indians . They were m m never very troubleso e , but caused considerable anxiety , being ar ed and equipped ; But open hostilities were as a general thing avoided . h s T ey all took up land , and even at the pre ent time there are Burks ow n r e living in Darlington , who the very lands that were originally m claimed by their ancestors . These families are a ong the best and m most pro inent in Durham County . n Of the land which was originally possessed by Roger Conant , one is now owned by any Conant . There were four sons and two daughters m - . m m as in the fa ily Thomas Conant , y great grandfather , was foully n 888 sacred i 1 during the Canadian Revol u tion by a dispatch bearer .

This accounts for the fact that we , his direct descendants , do not pos sess any of the original property . However , we do possess at Port m of o c Oshawa , four miles west , so e the property which was owned and c u i ed A - in - p by David nnis , who was a brother law of Roger Conant , w ho and came from Massachusetts with him . m of n 1 94 The first actual settle ent Darlington took place i 7 , and of from this date onward the number settlers steadily increased . The a of grandeur of this p rt the country no doubt attracted many . A cen 9 e 1 1 8 - ffice sus in 1 82 shows there wer people in Darlington . A post o t e re b n was established h a out the same year , a d we already had the o f fi nucleus a ne township . n b of an Bowmanville , named after a ma y the name Bowm , a Mont w ho a r n real merchant , t Bowmanville owned a large prope ty , i cluding th e . mill privilege , sprang into existence soon after this It was incor t d 1 8 8 Now or a e 1 853 5 . p as a village in , and as a town in we have in

Bowmanville one of the finest towns of its size in Ontario , possessing a fine harbour and many substantial residences and superb schools . But to drive through Durham County at the present time and see the comfortable dwellings of the prosperous farmers and the well cul b o u r a n tiv ated land stretched o ut efore us , we are apt to forget that c est o rs alone are worthy of credit for this . They found Durham County a dense and impenetrable forest covered with heavy timber , but they on of fi left it a county which is e the nest in Ontario , both as to fertility o f b soil , and as to the large num er of its inhabitants , direct descendants w ho for a n d o f those , through diligent labour , opened up us this vast m fair do ain . RD N N AN O O O T . G D . C B U R E AU O F A RC H I V E S

H I I ‘ T E SETTLING OF THE RENW CKS N CLARKE .

i , to n 1 b The Renw cks of Clarke , came Ca ada in 833 . Her ert Ren W 1 k c , of o b Beatt ck , the head of the family , had been a su stantial yeo

man of Covenanting stock and Covenanting character , dwelling near Mofi at , Dumfriesshire . The social discontent of the period it was that seems to have moved him to leave his ol d home ; and he decided to go b i to Canada ecause there , in a land where the settler m ght , he was told , b b o tain fertile acres for the asking , he expected to be a le to provide i a for his grow ng f mily better than was poss ible in Scotland . S o in of a o i the spring seventy years g he and his good w fe , Sara Wightman , of ir disposed all their heavy furniture , packed the carpets , bedding , and an d fire - clothing , their china silver , their irons and fender , the works c — — of the family lock , uncased and stowed like a dead thing c andle

k u n s - stic s , cooking te sil , saddles , and spinning wheel ; gathered about n t w o them their eight childre and the dogs ; and set off to Annan , whence they crossed Solway Firth in a coal sloop to Maryport and took ” on tw o - t b of b passage the mas ed rig Argus Newfoundland for Que ec . “ ” - five After an uneventful voyage of sixty days , the Argus reached w a Grosse Isle , and her arrival s signaled by tossing up red and white

‘ b b in alls , dou tless accordance with a code . The health officers at Grosse ' to b n Isle seem have ee rather uncivil , and the proximity of a party of light -fing ered Irish immigrants in q uarantine caused the passengers of ” n n o the Argus further i convenience . I deed , s averse were our proud Scots folk to occupying a portion of the same poor quarters as their fel l o to ck ows fr m the Emerald Isle , that they preferred camp on the ro s u n r a n with their o tspread washi g for two whole nights . Afte detentio of o ‘ s me sixty hours they proceeded t o Quebec and landed there , going

' n n a nu mb er of r d later t o Mo treal . The ce the steerage passengers depa te B t ow n now k - b s for y , Ottawa , there to emb ar on slow moving Durham oat that would convey them to Lake Ontario by way of the Rideau Canal . ’ W 1 1 Possibly the Renwicks baggage accompanied them . However , as u n liam , who was the eldest boy of the family , tho gh as yet not seve

t o , teen was n ot well at the time , his father decided proceed westward , — for on taking that direction he was determined b y the more pleasant

' and expeditious means of stage and stea mer u p the valley of the St .

Lawrence . The party at last brought up at where is now Cobourg ; the house ’ a t of n i where they lodged Hull s Corners , north the tow , yet stands n

good repair . Cobourg in those days must have possessed for the re

moter settlers something of the glamour of a rural metropolis . Not i n n only was it on the stage l ne from Mo treal to York , and i regular com m u n i i ca ti on with the latter place by steamboat , but t had schools and of u 1 830 churches and was the seat a new Wesleyan College , fo nded in . ’ Leaving their family safely ensconced at Hull s Corners , Herbert Renwick and his son William set out on foot to prospect in the country t o b the westward , where unoccupied farms could proba ly be had nearer t o the lake front than in other parts , Clarke having been settled less it early , is said , than neighboring townships , owing to the more broken character Of its surface . At some spot between Port Hope and Newton ville the pedestrians fell in with tw o clergymen sitting on a log . These

s . gentlemen proved to be Reverend Mes rs Thornton and Proudfoot , ” on United Presbyterian missionaries , then their way to congregate

' Rea d b e fo re th e Du rh a m Ol d B oys A ssocia ti o n . E E F H T H R PO RT O T E N o . 48

c m tw o Port Hope , that is , to form a ongregation there . By the our wayfarers were directed to one who usually had a number of farms -for

l . sh h sa e Mr M I nto Mc I nt os . c . , . William , father of Dr , of Newcastle The immigrants seem to have been disillusioned by this time regarding

the current methods of granting public lands to settlers . They found

that there was an intermediary , the Canada Company , which shared a of H ow with the l bourer the generosity nature and the Crown . ” B eatock to a him the m o f ever , , as his friends used c ll , from na e his s Scottish farm , was not deterred from ettling in Clarke because land b b f or there had to e ought , he had with him ready money . The p osses

sion of coin of the realm was a considerable advantage in those days , “ ” k n B eatock n e when most people paid in i d , and did ot fail to recogniz

. sa n f or the fact They y that he so regularly i quired , when bargaining a purchase , what the lowest price was for cash , that he won for himself b of . . the nickname Renwick That , however , is y the way To - o return to the travellers , they obeyed the directions of their new f und s friend , and at length , after passing through Newtonville and Cran ’ ’ n McI nt o sh s dell s Cor ers , the embryonic Newcastle , they arrived at to store and house j ust beyond the town line in Darlington , next a

- - farm afterwards owned by the then seven year ol d Walter Renwick . M McI nto h a n b of s . . r . , ccompa ied by Mr R Fair airn , father the present o e of a - p stmast r Bowm nville , and others drove the home seekers out in a n to a n wago see farm i the fourth concession of Clarke . On the way , the party passed through the B utterfiel d settlement on the third line ’ n ear the crossroads now known as Trickey s Corners . The land here abo ut s eems to ha ve been owned at one time by a man named Butter l s b of fie d . It had been acquired the previous pring y a little colony the English Methodists that included Be llwoods , Middletons , Black b rn n n a o f u s , a d Hills . Mr . Bellwood invited all i to have cup tea , and it is significant of the l onesomeness that Oppressed the heart of the leader of our little Dumfriesshire band that this simple act of hospital

ity roused in him a feeling o f unfailing gratitude . In after years , the proximity of this little English community meant much to him and t o a F or n his whole f mily . the property , hundred acres in exte t , that Ren o u t o wick was then going to inspect proved s satisfactory that , the sixth of n n w a s September , for three hu dred pounds , Upper Canada curre cy , it m purchased . The previous occupant was one Eleazar Baldwin , yeo an , f of m m o Clarke , w ho had received the deed it fro the Canada Co pany on n of o f fift - ly ni e days before , in consideration the sum y six pounds , fi on b e ve shillings . The improvements the place had , dou tless , b en e mad by him already . tw o e The prospectors , after having thus select d their fa rm , re n of tur ed to bring up the rest their family . In Port Hope , they hired one of — fi team horses and bought another the rst , I have heard it said , e r O — m ve wned in Clarke and all ounted wagons to go to the new home .

The road was dry and good , but to the older pilgrims it must have been

. b o f a gloomy way Virgin forest clothed oth sides the track , being

- broken only here and there by the five , ten , or twenty acre clearing s o f m m about the log hou e and outbuildings so e earlier i migrant . There

no n o . of was Orono then , and road to it At the top the hill , j ust north ’

. n of where Mr Peter Stalker s house ow stands , the blazed trail swerved - , b to the north west crossed the creek below by the rudest of log ridges , ou t of m climbed the little valley of the strea , and ended with the ’

o . f family s j urney The arm to which they had come , and to which “ ” was given the name of Hopetown in remembrance of the benevolent B U R E AU O F ARC H I V E S .

, B ea to k Earl who owned the distant c , consisted of one hundred acre s , as stated above , and lay at the corner of the fourth line and the first Si - Of m de road west the present highway fro Newcastle to Orono . The clearing comprised two or three good - sized fields and on it were a log a n d cabin a frame barn . The cabin consisted of one room with an “ ” - - to . fire overhead loft and a lean Its place was of stone , but there w as a great hole in the back wall . The chimney was made of clay and sticks . Before winter the fire- place was repaired and three more rooms

. B were built From aldwin , besides cows sheep and pigs oxen had — , , , b n u . a nd a a in st~ these x n b ee p rchased With g o e the older oys strove , rn u u and lea ed to plo gh the soil and pull the st mps . The trees with to which they had contend were maple beech ironwood and bas swood , , . n n b A very few pines grew i the eigh orhood , and there were also in the

swamps , I surmise , some cedars . The . settlers lived however in a w , , o . hard o d bush And dense it was . On the farm to the east dwelt a

family named Perkins , but it was months before the Renwicks were “ of s aware their pre ence . Mrs . Renwick afterwards said the first smoke she perceived rising from that near-b y chimney was the pleasantest

sight she ever saw . But she and her older daughters can have had lit ’ F or tle time for repining . the country housewife s duties in those days in u n k cluded not merely sweeping and d sting a d coo ing , and darning n n i b b ki i k i n a d me d ng , ut a ng , carding , spinn ng , nitt ng , weavi g , tailor n k of bu i g , and the ma ing not tter only , but chees e and soap and c andles

and a variety of things more . Where the family got its footwear at d o not k u b n . this time I ow Later , it was the c stom to have a co bler call n k bo for o - a d ma e ots the wh le household before he departed . Out of oo n ex s i k d rs , the me , cept when tilling the o l and tending the stoc , were n l ow of b n i i n layi g the giants the forest , ur ing the r carcases , and , sea son b b u , oiling their lood to s gar . of The little ones the family and their dogs , meanwhile , enj oyed n n for n their new experie ces i tensely . A favorite resort wee Walter a d ’ b b ofi of on Eliza eth was Sa ine s sawmill , to the south their home the b of k creek a ove mentioned . Mr . Sabine was a man indly disposition ,

and spent many a spare hour making wooden dolls for his visitors . B ut before long the children found themselves under the necessity

of spending a large part of each day in school . To reach the little log - to k so b ta school house , they had wal two miles or through the ush what ’ b - n i later ecame Tr ickey s Corners . On the south easter corner t was o f W i m that Mr . Thompson , a Yorkshire friend the Bellwoods , th who m hel d sw a m he lived and at whose ho e he died , y over so e twenty or o thirty scholars : The dominie impressed himself upon my grand - aunt

Elizabeth as a man of very superior character . The incapacity of growing age compelled him to retire from his school in 1 845 or a l ittle

later . Sunday - school was conducted in the school - house weekly by the —1 833— —no Blackburns . At this earliest period there was no church — ’ P b f or i . res yterian church at any rate the Renw ck s to attend Sgon , . i , however , fortnightly services were begun by the Rev John Cass e of 1 837 i. . Port Hope , in Newtonville In , the congregat on of Newton G eor e La w ville obtained a pastor of its own in the person of Rev . g o

- fi i i , i not i rence , the rst Presbyterian m nister in that ne ghborhood f n the m of whole county , to receive a regular call fro the people the com

“ i ssie t u s : Mr C d a Mr . Ca h r f rs t o . 1 , ( h i s h i s tfl r o r th e F re sh t eri a n ( hum h 1 11 a na e e R v . Dr . re i n ) g , } “ a i 83 “ f h d A d h i w a s o rd a i ned a mi ssi o n a m to Ca na d n 1 4. a nd a s b er e e ns re . H e C a ssi e tsas a n ati v go Pe t e r ea . w ns f l rk d d h H 5 H e rea c h ed o nc e a fo rtni h t i n the o h i p o C a e . i n u ct e t o t h e c a rg e a t Po rt o pe i n 1 83 . p g T T H E R E PO RT O F T H E N O . 48

munity . Nevertheless , according to the rules of the Church , Mr . Law rence had first to spend a probationary year with his backwoods parish ioner s a ~ missiona r m as y . For this twelve onth he lived with Herbert i w a of - b e Renw ck , whose house s a kind lay manse always . Some time 1 838 1 41 t o tween and 8 a second congregation was established , and this

‘ body Mr . Lawrence ministered for many years . His church was erected o fi T om t n o . the fth line , near Mount , on property belonging Mr Thomas e o Wadd ll . The old graveyard still exists , though unused . Bef re their ' church buildings were erected , both congregations mentioned met in m convenient barns . Mr . Lawrence , it may be re arked , was a farmer as well as a pastor , and worked the property now occupied by Mr . James

of . Hunter , the fifth concession on But to return to the Renwick family , the thirtieth of September , a c u ir ed ' the on 1 835, Mr . Renwick q Perkins farm next him payment of fi s two hundred and fty pound . Perkins himself had not held the title of o n this farm for more than a few days , though he had lived the place B - w ho longer . The former owner was George all , Esq . , of Niagara , disposed of his property to Perkins for a fifth of what the latter received “ ” for it . On this new farm , which was named Rosebank , was con ’ structed the clapboard house that yet stands at Renwick s Corners , on t o the road Orono .

Soon after the removal thither came a time of anxiety , the period ’ of s Mackenzie s upri ing . William Renwick , as member of a Port Hope of c o u t f or n squadron cavalry , was alled service ; a d as every seventh b n b man capa le of beari g arms was eing drafted , it appeared as if the n x n n how e t son , Joh , might have to turn out too . He a d six others , n a n b b a to ever , had their ames withdr w from the allot y hiring man go of l ot u n instead of whichever them the might have fallen p o . I t o i i on Every man in those days , believe . had j o n the milit a , and on e day each summer all the men o f Clarke would muster for drill under s Captain Allan Wilmot . Nobody eems to have known much about sol d ier in f however , and training day was an occasion rather of r n of mer ymaking tha service . u on n n Th s the years moved , bri ging i creasing prosperity with a d v an in c . n 1 841 g age I , William Renwick was married t o Catherine G a ird ner — on e , a Lanarkshire lass , and moved into a new house the “ ” s — — till s—tanding at Hopetown . This house also s heeted with clap b not fi at of a n d b oards was nished the time the nuptials , the ridal pair spent their honeymoon in a neat l og cottage often used by other young b couples for a like purpose . This cottage was uilt nearer Orono then ” b b b M the Rose ank house , pro a ly by r . Ed . Billings , for his son . T he of i o f m of year the marr age the youngest me ber the family , t o n Ma cNa chta n of Elizabeth , the late Edmu d , Newcastle and Cobourg , was signalized by the introduction o f a new element of pleasure into the i l ves of the men of the neighbourhood . Where are Scotsmen , water , 1 85 . 0 and winter , there is curling In Mr . John Dickson , grandfather of M . c Mur r . ich of Mr W , B , Toronto , produced a pair of stones . On the model of these hardwood blocks were turned and the brooms were ’ soon swinging merrily on Sabine s pond . Later , curling was also en ’ j oyed higher up the stream across the Orono - Newcastle road on Trickey s o f of pond , evidences the existence which may still be seen beside the spot where that famous scion of Vulcan is fabled with hammer and t lathe to have made every hing under the sun . Even after this pond fi b u was let away and the smith had kindled his re y the next road so th , bonspiels were still held down at Bond Head . U E A U O F AR C H I V E S ‘B R

But such were the sports Of the younger generation , whose story I me a her t n e o . do not ‘ record The aged Herbert Renwick found a less u - re arduous , if eq ally exciting , pleasure in long winded and strenuous “ i io u in - f l s o . g discussions doors with Preacher Hill , the third He 1 869 89 1 857 passed away in August , , aged ; his wife had died in , aged

D WIN AMILTO N . A . E H

LEB A NONOGENARIAN SETT .

fin of l n iv it of o . A e example the successful settler and g y also , is Mr Ma c onn a chie ' the t n of m Duncan , esteemed ve era Bow anville . As the n Ma conna chie o f ame implies , Mr . is Highland Scottish descent , and - b C ant r e ninety two years ago he was orn in the parish of Killean , y ,

Argyllshire, Scotland . His father , a native of the same parish , was ’

Maconn a chie M Ma cNiv en . Mr . Peter , and his mother s name was ary Ma nn a ha idh b The name is a variant of t o c , or Ro ertson , and is one Th o f the most ancient in the Scottish catalogue . e Argyllshire Macon a n n chies appreciated their ancient lineage , a d the family reputation

was that they did their utmost to sus tain its best traditions . Peter Ma connachi n r i b e , was a large farmer i Ay sh re , a noted reeder o f k f or t with pure stoc hose early days , and was _ successful fi Clydesdales , cattle and sheep , nding the local markets of

rb b n b u sinse s , Ta ert , Camp elltown , a d Lochgilphead good centres f while Greenoc k and Glasgow were not beyond reach o the h more important sales and purchases . T us prosperity was wooed and

w o b n n fi , n , ut the family , ow umbering four sons and ve daughters must m i o , or i , b e prov ded for , and the news fr m Canada from A er ca as all the

, c ountry beyond the Atlantic was then , as now , generally spoken of

' Maconn a chi e promised glittering fortunes to all comers . So Duncan of in 1 835 i left the shores of C antyre for those Canada , and followed n

. the Wake of fellow -countrymen who had settled on the Georgian Bay

There is n ot much to be said of the voyage . It was like most of the ’ —a shi a n d f S i x i ; other voyages at that time stout p , a ive to weeks sa l i tri u m a ccommodation fair, victuals eatable , courage h gh , and hope of phant Yet looking back on that voyage , it was emblematic much . , that has pas sed over the stage of life in the many years Since the good on ship buffeted the waves and sailed safely to port . But these moods to and memoirs this is not the place to dilate . The mind turns them

' a an d n in . ol d g e loves to li ger over them Time but the impression deeper makes

As streams their channels deeper wear .

fi n The forms d o no t grow shadowy , nor the gures dim , and in his inety ’ o f i i - third year Duncan Ma conn a chie s vision of the scenes ch ldhood s as now a o m i m ressi y e clear as it was fifty years g , and they are ore p than

, then There w as the sacred family circle , the eident , diligent father . ’ i i mother ; the Highland hospital ty shared by fr end the tender , thrifty

, i i neighbour ; the school at the clachan the venerable m n ster of o the and neS eo d McB ri d e l l Auld Kirk with echoes o f MacL , , and other great , those days And the parish church " one of the oldest in the land , of . — to Si i storied with tradition , romantic as tuation and surround ngs who T H E R E PO RT O F T H E Ne . 48

could come under its spell in youth and forget it in old age " The m friends of childhood dead in the body live in the emory , and the feel

ings are refreshed by thoughts of them and their associations . But ’ there is another chap ter in the veteran s life which is read and re - read I again . n contrast t o the Old Land there is the New ; and who that ’ has wielded the pioneer s axe and laid the Lords o f the r Forest low , can forget the part he bo e in rescuing a homestead from the wilds and reducing nature to the great subj ection of man " 0 his So with our subj ect . N time in life yielded more genuine happi ness t o him than when acre after acre was being added to his farm and

the peace of a good conscience rested upon his arduous labours . M Ma conn a chie m At the Georgian Bay settlement r . re ained dur ' 1 835 1 83 6 n of ing , and then settled in in the Tow ship Clarke , Durham

. 400 a of n l ot 30 con County He purchased cres land , and resided o , “ 5 hi n x - n cession , naming s farm Gle elg . Th at was si ty ni e years ago , c un e u bu of l when the o try had to be Open d p . The ilding the dwe ling se the c of s b o f hou , learing the land , the tatute la our , the g rinding the n u n b e i o . wheat to fl ur , the domestic d ties , the marketi g , etc , may passed ' over ; they were much the same a s ' those which made up the avera ge ex erience Ma onn hi . c ac e w a p Duncan s a strong man , and strength was e k o a w a s an r quired for the wor f the d y . He enterprising man , and n n r b pioneer i genuity a d esource were necessary . Cattle had to e cared for b o b e , wolves to e guarded against , roads t constructed , and hard ’ enc u nt work to be endured ; but it was all in the day s darg , and was o e e u r d cheerfully and overcome successf lly . He helped to Open all the ’ r ke f n n 1 836 oo T ic s o o . roads from y Corners to n rth Oro o I , when he t k u n b u n r b not n p his land , he had only o e neigh o r i O ono , ut it was lo g a n n o n b w a s fter whe settlers streamed i , and a fl urishing eigh ourhood e b 1 f of sta lished . In 837 he met with a severe a fliction in the death his b e b w ho k b the of roth r Archi ald , was illed y a falling tree in process M Maconnachie the the clearing . As the land was cleared , r . widened ' sc of b o b ope his labours , and went in for the reeding of thor ugh red - e be r horses , specially the Clydesdale blood , and came a leading exhibito

at the Fairs without a break for thirty years . It is an interesting fact

° e that he exhibited at the first Provincial fair held 131 Ontario . At thes

Expositions he was very fairly successful in winning honours . fi 1 851 Twice was he married ; rst , to Christina Wilkinson , in , with c to 1 8 1 issue three hildren ; second , Mary Macneil , in 6 , who is still liv c i fi ing , issue five h ldren ; in all ve sons and three daughters . Maconn achi e - m Duncan , as ight have been expected from on e

brought up under the shadow of Killean , is a devoted Presbyterian of ol d f b the school , and still holds by the principle o the Esta lished Church

of Scotland as a State Church . He has not taken warmly to voluntary i sm b t o w n s - , u his kindly di position and broad m indedness have saved him m from the narrowness of sectarianis , and he finds the better , not the worse , element in systems whose foundations he cannot personally accept . A Scot o f the Old school also is he ; keen in his appreciation of the m p f Gospel , the history , the songs , and the custo s the land in which he r ev iv ifi was born , he has derived pleasure from them and ed his mind at l m . o d an of tOw n shi their fountain He is the grand Clarke p . Long i

. may his bow abide in its strength J . S . M .

A F A 8 A T H E R E PO RT O F T H E B U R E U O RC H I V E S N O . 4

MP LEMEN T S I .

Tools , machines , vehicles , etc . RO D U CTS P . i b Gra ns , grasses , fruits , roots , domestic animals etc . ; reeders , etc . RAD IN G T . d u c r e . Merchants , p p dealers , etc N D U TRIE I S S . Saw mills ; asheries ; flour mills ; distilleries ; tanneries ; brickyards ;

carding mills ; looms , machine shops ; foundries ; blacksmith . shops ;

cheese factories , etc .

ROAD S . b b Corduroys ; ridges ; gravel roads ; railroads , etc . ; statute la our ; “ ” n good roads moveme ts , etc . N PROF E S S IO AL MEN . et Clergymen ; teachers ; lawyers ; physicians ; surveyors , c .

CHURCHE S . When organized ; dates of disappea rance if extinct ; lists of pas t e c. b n tors , secretaries , ; endowments ; revenues ; stipends ; uryi g ’ grounds ; forms of worship ; Sunday Schools ; young people s so cie é ties ; prayer meetings ; revivals ; soir es ; choirs ; music , etc .

S CHOOL S . Earliest schools ; organization of sections ; trustees ; teachers ; s n pupils ; school meetings ; societies uch as spelli g , debating , and b of singing schools : school uildings , furniture , etc . , games child

ren , etc MUN I CI A U CI P L CO N L S . i i of i i V . Town meetings ; organ zat on townsh ps , llages , towns , etc ;

list of officials ; elections ; revenues ; expenditures , etc .

POLITIC S . i i i i i Ti i Elect ons (includ ng caucus , nom nat ons , etc . ) changes n d ngs , m lists of embers , etc . MIL IT IA . Efiect of war of 1 81 2 ; uprising of 1 837 ; Fenian raid of 1 866 ; Nort h West rebellions of 1 869 -70 and 1 885 ; training day ; drill sheds ;

tc . volunteer companies , e CIETIE SO S .

n . n Freemasons ; Orangemen ; Sons of Tempera ce , etc ; when orga i z ed e b ; when defunct , if extinct ; m eting places ; usiness ; program s mes ; public entertainments ; agricultural societies (show , plough

ing matches , etc . ) U E EN AM S M T S . Parties ; bees raisings ; tea - meetings ; picnics ; celebrations ; holi

days ; games ; singing ; music ; dancing , etc .

SERV ANT S . AB I OF E P E H TS P O L . of Working ; recreation ; eating ; drinking ; use alcohol , tobacco ,

etc . , curious customs ; superstitions , etc . Wages ; duties ; relations with masters ; manner of liv1 ng ; length of

engagements , etc . Correspondents are requested when furn ishing information on any of t o i n of s the foregoing topics , be as precise as possible giving names person f and in reporting the time and place o events . They are also requested not

m i f i . to confine the selves to noting the orig ns o inst tutions , industries , etc but t o continue their descriptions down t o the present or to the termination. f of the matters o which they treat . I N D E X .

Admi n ist rat ion of Crimin a l Just ice Account s Ag ricu lt ural a nd Art s Asso ciat ion

A r ic lt u a l C olle e a n d E x eriment a l Fa m G u el h g u r g p r , p

America . America n R evolut ion

An e so n W . d r , An i D n s , _ Archives an d Hist ory

D ep artment of D ominion 0

f . i t o o U . S G u de ,

Provin cial Archivist of Ont ario “ ” A u s The B i rg , r g Arg yllshire Arn im a n d Bre nt an o Ascoli

A kin Pa e s The s p r ,

t l nt ic The A a ,

B a D J ame in . , r s

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

B i ot F g , .

Bl c n The a kbur s ,

Bo ard of Agricu lture

B o u n dary Li n e s B o uq u et Pap er s

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o TH E R E PO R T O F T H E

B o le D a vi d y ,

B r az il

' B ro dhead a nd O C a ll a g ha n

B ce D P H ry , r . . . B r mner D y , .

Du cho n

B ure au o f Ag r icu lt ure

C o lon iz at io n

F o re stry I n d u st ries

Min e s

B u ks The r ,

B w a R v a cello N u sh e . Ch n . r , r B utt er fiel d

B yt ow n

am n K C e o . r ,

ame o n H o n M C . . C . r ,

C am ell H on Ale x . p b , . m C a ell A W . p b , . C amp bellt ow n

Can a da Lan d C om an La n d G ant s p y , r Lo w er

Upp er C u rrency

C anadian I nst it ut e

C anals C o nst u ct io n of , r C a nt yr e

K C . a eol J L . C . . pr , , C a l et on G ov r , .

lin H o n J . C a . r g , Ca ne ie I nst it t io n The r g u , a r W E H C t e . . . r , h K . C art w i t J R . C r g , . , H on S ir i h . c a J R rd . H n icha o . R rd Tow n ship of

a v J ohn C ssie R e . ,

C a chon H on . J . u ,

C avan Tow n shi of , p

av P in ci al Wm . C en R ev . , r p

la Re v P r o fesso r W m . C k . r , Clar k e Ma o - G ener al Al a t e d , j r C la ke Tow nshi o f r , p z Clar k e Tow nshi Se ct i o n o f Ma , p p of C obo urg

C ol eman P r o fe P , ssor A . .

C o lo n i al Office Re co r ds B U R EAU O F AR C H I V E S

C o na nt D , G . .

C onant o , R g e r o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Con a t Thoma n , s C o rresp on den ce Gé néra le C o u e s Elli t , o t

C o ne J ames H y , . ’ C r andell s C orne r s C ew e H S r , . .

C o o s H n D A . k o . . r , C iksha k E n est ru n , r u r i J lli C e . A st e r , r

Da r ling t o n To w n ship o f Darw in i n H Dav so o n . J d , . H D avies on i L . H S r . , .

Davi H o n J E . . s , . D e K a lm

D ep artment o f Agricu lt ure D ep a rt ment of Ag ricult ure B ure a u o f I n d ust r ie s

D e a t me t of A ic ltu e A r ic u lt u r al C olle e n E x al Fa p r n g r u r , g g a d p e r iment rm

D ep art ment of The Att or n ey ~ G ener a 1

D e a t ment o f The At t o ne - Ge ne al B anches U n der p r r y r , r

D e a t ment of The Att o n e - G ene al Office s p r r y r , r D ep art ment of Crown Lan ds

D e a t ment of C r ow Lan ds C ommissione s o f p r n , r

D e a t ment of C ow n Lan s Assist ant C ommission e r of p r r d , D e a tm ent of C o w n Lan ds S ve s B r an ch p r r , ur y

D e a t me n t o f C ow Lan d s Pat e nt s B anch p r r n , r

D e art me nt of C o wn Lan ds B u r e au of Mi nes p r , D e a t ment of C ow n Lan ds B e a u of F o est r p r r , ur r y D ep art me nt o f Crow n Lan ds Bure au of C olon iz at io n D ep art me nt Of E ducat io n D ep art ment of The Provin ci al S e cr et ary

D e a t ment o f T P ovi ncial S e c et a e ist a p r he r r ry , R g r r

D e a rt me nt f T P o vi n cial Se c et a e i st r a - ener al p o he r r ry , R g r G

D ep a r tme n t o f P u blic Works . D e a t me nt o f P lic Wo s Hi hw a s B r an ch p r ub rk , g y D e art ment f P blic Wo ks B u e a o f Labo p o u r , r u r

D e a t me n f P lic Wo s Fishe ie s p r t o ub rk , r D ep art ment o f The Tre asurer fli D ep art me nt of The Tre as urer The S u ccess ion Duty C ce D es K n ab en Wu n derho r n

D et roit Lan d B o ards

D o cum ent ary Hi st o r ies D o cument ary Hist ory o f N ew York

D o cu m e nt s C o in , py g

D o c u me nt P r ese r vat i o n of s ,

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