Elbeszélt Hit Az Ószövetség

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Elbeszélt Hit Az Ószövetség 2016 ELBESZÉLT HIT Az Ószövetség „nomád teológiája” Habilitációs értekezés Dr. Varga Gyöngyi Budapest 2016 Elbeszélt hit Az Ószövetség „nomád teológiája” Habilitációs értekezés Dr. Varga Gyöngyi Budapest 2016 Tartalom Előszó .......................................................................................................................................... 9 I. INDULÁS ........................................................................................................................... 13 1. Mozgásba lendítő narratívák ........................................................................................... 17 1. 1. A költői nyelv, a transzformáció és a mozgás ................................................................ 17 1. 2. Utaztatás vagy utazás? .................................................................................................... 19 1. 3. Isten mobilitása .............................................................................................................. 21 1. 4. Felhő- és tűzoszlop: Isten vándorlásának jelei ............................................................. 22 1. 5. Együtt az úton: a puszta tapasztalatai ........................................................................... 24 2. Istent hordozó történetek ................................................................................................ 27 2. 1. Isten elbeszélhető ........................................................................................................... 27 2. 2. „Portable God” – a hordozható Isten ............................................................................ 30 3. Az „élő” metaforák világa ................................................................................................. 32 3. 1. „Ez az” ............................................................................................................................. 32 3. 2. Az Ószövetség élő metaforái .......................................................................................... 34 4. Úton járás mint „élő metafora” ....................................................................................... 37 4. 1. Az „út” és az elbeszélés ................................................................................................... 37 4. 2. Exkurzus: A mesék útjain .............................................................................................. 38 4. 2. Erich Auerbach és a háttérrel telített bibliai narratívák ............................................... 40 4. 3. Útközben: az átmenet és a transzformáció folyamata .................................................. 41 4. 4. Mindig az úton ................................................................................................................ 42 5. Az úton járás szóképének árnyalatai .............................................................................. 44 5. 1. A konkréttól az elvontabb jelentéstartalomig .............................................................. 44 5. 2. Az úton járás narratív íve az Ószövetségben ................................................................. 47 II. LÉPÉSEK ........................................................................................................................... 53 6. Kezdetben voltak a nomádok? ......................................................................................... 57 6. 1. Az Ószövetség és a nomádok emlékezete ..................................................................... 57 3 6. 2. Nomádok, vándorok az ókori Keleten .......................................................................... 58 6. 2. 1. Városállamok hanyatlása ................................................................................................................... 58 6. 2. 2. A hegyvidékek nomádjai...................................................................................................................... 61 6. 3. Nomád életforma: a centrum és periféria kölcsönhatása ............................................ 63 6. 4. A nomád létformára utaló nyomok az Ószövetség szöveghagyományában ............... 65 6. 5. Nomádok Izráel látókörében ........................................................................................ 69 6. 6. Izrael eredete és a nomádok .......................................................................................... 73 7. „Nomád ideál” ..................................................................................................................... 77 7. 1. A puszta mint a vándorlás helyszíne .............................................................................. 77 7. 2. A prófétai tradíció és Izrael istenkapcsolatának „hajnala” .......................................... 80 7. 3. „Pásztor-ideál” ............................................................................................................... 84 7. 4. JHWH: Izrael pásztora ................................................................................................... 87 8. Utak a pusztába és a pusztában ...................................................................................... 88 8. 1. Egyirányú előrehaladás vagy visszatérés – narratív egyenesek, körök, spirálok ........ 88 8. 2. Mindig előre: narratív egyenesek .................................................................................. 90 8. 3. Narratív körök, spirálok ................................................................................................ 96 8. 3. 1. Ábrahám: Bétel – Aj ............................................................................................................................ 96 8. 3. 2. Jákób: Bétel............................................................................................................................................. 98 8. 3. 3. Mózes – Izrael: Hóreb/Sínai ........................................................................................................... 100 8. 3. 4. Ábrahám – Jákób – Józsué – Abimelek: A sikemi cserfa .......................................................... 101 8. 3. 5. Elizeus: Bétel – Jerikó – Jordán ....................................................................................................... 104 9. Veszélyes narratívák ........................................................................................................ 107 9. 1. A pluralitás dicsérete: töredezettség és koherencia az Ószövetség szövegeiben ...... 107 9. 2. Egy példa: Saul útja a szamarak keresésétől a királyságig .......................................... 109 9. 3. Mitől jó egy történet? ................................................................................................... 112 10. Az Exodus mint normatív narratíva és narratív normatíva .................................. 114 10. 1. Az Exodus mint veszélyes történet ............................................................................ 114 10. 2. Az Exodus-történet és a hit dinamikája .................................................................... 116 10. 2. 1. Az ideológia kritikája ...................................................................................................................... 116 10. 2. 2. Hangot adni a fájdalomnak: a nyilvánosság ereje ................................................................... 119 10. 2. 3. Az alternatív jövő: az útnak indulás bátorsága ........................................................................ 121 10. 3. Az Exodus teológiai üzenete ...................................................................................... 123 10. 3. 1. Úton a közös jó felé .......................................................................................................................... 123 10. 3. 2. A Szabadító JHWH „narratív portréja” .................................................................................... 126 10. 3. 3. Az önkritikus hang ........................................................................................................................... 128 10. 3. 3. A csodák és a maradandó csodálkozás........................................................................................ 129 11. A még veszélyesebb folytatás: Ex 32–33 .................................................................... 130 11. 1. A lázadás drámája és az irodalmi struktúra .............................................................. 130 11. 2. Khiazmus, kontraszt, párhuzam ................................................................................ 132 11. 3. Ki is a szabadító? ........................................................................................................ 134 11. 4. Exkurzus: Izrael hűtlensége ...................................................................................... 136 11. 5. Narratív dinamika: a szereplők interakciói .............................................................. 137 4 12. Az Exodus- és pusztai vándorlás-hagyomány egyes motívumainak „utóélete” ............................................................................................. 140 12. 1. Áthallások: Az Exodus- és vándorlásnarratíva motívumai a Biblia más szövegeiben ........................................................................................... 140 12. 1. 1. Kivonulás és vándorlás a Genezis könyvében ............................................................................ 140 12. 1. 2. Áthallások Exodus és Numeri könyveiben ................................................................................. 143 12. 1. 3. A Deuteronomium
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