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ARCH IV 45349 I •.;.11~·~ FJ ARCH IV 45349 I •.;.11~·~ FJ"oac-~tiiiJ 4 s ~ 11 ~ · L, "" .'* )~~/- I~ c fo~ I -\-="I L t':'- rJo, : 3 -A - ?:. "=/- - l.f Co O l I. ;• ? ,I ' ' -- _-.:... ---- -- \\ Fish Nutrition Research in.Asia Proceedings of the Third Asian Fish Nutrition Network Meeting Edited by S.S. De Silva 1989 1 1991 Published by the Asian Fisheries Society in association with the International Development Research Centre of Canada f\P(r\ IV (p~CL c\ (S\ 0,) -- --- -- ----- Fish Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the Third Asian Fish Nutrition Network Meeting Edited by S.S. DE SILVA 1989 Printed in Manila, Philippines De Silva, S.S., editor.·1989. Fish nutrition research in Asia. Proceedings of the Third Asian;Fish Nutrition Network Meeting. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 4: ~66 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Ml!Ilila, Philippines. " < ',... ,.· 1 . ~ ' . ·,/ ... Copyrigh~; 1989, Asian Fisheries '.s&iety, Philippines, and InteI)lational Develcipmerit Research Centre of Canada .... '.. ~~-.:L~:.:.:,_-·m ....- ISBN 971-1022-66-4 \\ Contents Foreword • F Brian Davy and T.E. Chua . ..... v Introduction• S.S. De Silva. .. ·vi Part I Nomenclature, Terminology and Definitions Appropriate to Animal Nutrition• C. Dev'endra . ............... ...... ·. .· l Protein Requirements of Fish and Prawns Cultured in Asia • T.J. Pandian . .............. ·" .... ~ ... 11 Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles in Aquaculture Nui:rition Studies• L.V. Benitez . ................. 23 Digestibility Evaluations of Natural and . Artifieial Diets • S.S.De Silva . 36 Considerations for Feeding Experiments to .Quantify Dietary Requirements of Essential Nutrients in Fish• Y N. Chiu~· . .... 45 Methodologies for Vitamin Requirement Studies • M. Boonyaratpalin . ~ . · . 58 Pond Experiment Methodology • Kok Leong Wee . .... · ... 68 Status of Shrimp Nutrition and Feed Development in Southeast Asia• F~P. Pascual . ........ ·. 80 Economic Parameters in Nutritional Studies • D. Attapattu and C. Mac.Cormac ..... ·. , . 90 Some Basic Concepts on Fish Disease for Nutritionists• M. Shariff . .. 101 Part II Nutritional Evaluation of Sri Lankan Artemia parthogenetica for Use in Larval Rearing • M. Kuruppu and S.U.K Ekaratne . 112 iii The Digestibility ofSeveral Feedstuffs in Red Tilapia • M.S. Kamarudin, K.M. Kaliapan and S.S. Siraj . ..................... ~ . 118 · Growth Response, Feed Conversion and Metabolism of the Air-Breathing Fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) to Different Dietary Protein Sources• A.K.Ray and B.C. Patra. 123 Effect of Feeding Regimes on Growth and Survival of Bighead Carp · (Aristichthys riobilis Richardson) Fry• C.B. Santiago and O.S, Reyes . ·. .. 130 Growth Performance of an Indian Major Carp, Cat/a catld (Ham.) of Fishmeal-Free Diets •.M.C. Nandeesha, GK. Srikanth, T.J. Varghese, P. Keshavanath and HP.C. Shetty . .... ~ . 137 Utilization of Aquatic Weed Mixture Pellet as Feed for Nile Tilapia (Ofeochromis niloticus) and Pig• S. Chiayvareesajja, C. Wohgwit, A; Cronin, K. Supamataya, C. Tantikitti and R. Tansakul. 143 Impr:ovementof Meat Quality of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Cuv. et Val,) •Lin Ding, MaoYongqing andLiaoXianghua. 148 Culture of Banana Prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) and Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by Using Aquatic Weed Mixtilre Pellet • S. ChiayvareesaJia andR. Tanasakul. ......... _ ..... , . 153 Summary of the Discussions .......... ~ .... : . 157 . Workshop Recommendations . • . 160 Annex: Asian Fish Nutrition Network. .. 162 List of Participants .... ·............... ; . 164 iv Foreword This publication provides a summary of the discussions held at the Asian Institute of Technology near- Bangkok, Thailand, 6-10 June 1988. This workshop was the third in a series funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) to develop a more coordinated regional fish nutrition research program in Asia. The workshop consisted of two parts: review papers on topics selected at the Second Fish Nutrition Workshop (Manila, 1986) and invited research papers from other scientists in the region. The review papers were part of an attempt to develop more standardized terminology and research protocols for the region. The invited papers were opportunities_ for some scientists to present their latest research results and seek critical inpys from their colleagues under ·the · workshop format. In addition, an economist (D. Atapattu) and a fish disease worker (M. Shariff) from the region joined the workshop to present papers related to nutrition and to make the nutrition researchers aware of issues from these related disciplines. It had been agreed -at the earlier workshops that broader issues need to be considered and this was a first attempt on this approach. Other disciplines will likely be encouraged to participate in future meetings. A variety of follow-up actions were- discµssed at ·this meeting- and these are summarized in the discussion sessions. A fourth meeting in ·12-18 months was one of the suggested future activities. The meeting agreed· to formalize an Asian Fish Nutrition Network (AFNN) to provide a - more formal structure for this activity. It is hoped that the AFNN can be affiliated with the Asian Fisheries Society initially as a study group and later as a section. IDRC has agreed to provide partial funding for some of the proposed AFNN follow-up activities. Asian fish nutrition scientists interested in collaborating with AFNN should contact Dr. S.S. De Silva_at the Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka. IDRC is very pleased with th<; developments taking place under the· AFNN. IDRC would like to thank Dr. T. Watanabe and Dr. C. Young Cho for acting as resource persons at this workshop, Dr. Kok Leong Wee for his assistance in making the· local arrangements at AIT and Dr. S.S. De Silva for most of the work in arranging the program,- scientific papers and producing the proceedings. - The Asian Fisheries Society wa~ a natural .partner for the Network in publishing these proceedings. The Second Finfish Nutrition Workshop from which many of the papers here were derived was held during the Society's First Asian Fisheries Forum and -this close linkage is expected to increase if-the Network forms a section of the Society in the future. _ This publication is the fourth in the Society's Special Publicatioµ series, which are provided free to members. In this way the Asian Fisheries Society _htdps its -members overcome the _ difficulties associated with keeping up with advances in their field. -- F. BRIAN DAVY CHUA THIA ENG Associate Director (Fisherie~) President International Development Research Centre Asian Fisheries Society Singapore Manila v Introduction More than 50% of the world aquaculture production i~ attributed to Asia, the· cradle of aquaculture. However, in most Asian countries. aquaculture is practiced at a subsistence level. · Conflicting demands for space and water in particular have called upon intensification of the traditional practices; supplementary feeding is basic to intensification. The highest recurring cost in intensified practices is attributed .to feed cost, and therefore nutritional research in the region is becoming increasingly important. · Development of suitable, low cost feeds .for fin· and shellfish species cultured in most of Asia is still in the early stages. Basic research into investigations on nutritional requirements are not known for many of the cultured species .in the region. Unlike in temperate waters the contribution from natural production in the ponds is likely to play a· significant role .in the nutrition of most cultured species; quantification of this component will enable a saving in the feed cost. This volume contains papers presented at the Third Workshop on Fish Nutrition held at the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok; Thailand in June 1988 .. The volume is divided into two parts for convenience and clarity. The first part includes presentations· made on basic_ nutritional requirements and methodologies related to experimental design iri the laboratory as well as in· outdoor facilities, .and the second part contains the presentations made in ongoing original nutrition research in the -region~ Attempts have been made to obtain a fairly representative cross­ section of the ongoing research on fish nutrition in the region, species-wise, depicting the : immediate nutritiml needs for intensification of the practices in the region. · Th,is volume, 1.ike its predecessors, does not claim . to be a treatise for . fish nutrition researchers. This is an addition to the· much needed relevant·and appropriate documentation for the growing number of researchers in the region. It is however, hoped that in the course -0f the next few years these .volumes will provide a. comprehensive reference work on fish nutrition . research in tropical Asia. I am thankful to Drs .. C. Young Cho, T. WatanaJ:>e, Kok Leong Wee and F. Brian Davy for their help in the editing.. The proceedings were edited when I was on attachment to the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore (NUS), and I am grateful to the NUS for giving me this opportunity. SENA S.DE SILVA vi Part 1· Nomenclature, Terminology and Definitions Appropriate to Animal Nutrition C.DEVENDRA Diviszon ofAgriculture Food and Nutrition Sciences International Development Research Centre Tang/in, P.O. Box 101 Singapore 9124 Devendra:, C. 1989. Nomenclature, terminology and definitions appropriate to animal nutritirin, p. ·1-10. /n s:s. De Silva (ed.) Fish Nutrition Research in Asia. Proceedings of the Third Asian Fish Nutrition
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