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Modernleşme Teorileri Açisindan Azerbaycan Modernleşmesinin Değerlendirilmesi

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Modernleşme Teorileri Açisindan Azerbaycan Modernleşmesinin Değerlendirilmesi T.C. İSTANBUL 29 MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SİYASET BİLİMİ VE ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI MODERNLEŞME TEORİLERİ AÇISINDAN AZERBAYCAN MODERNLEŞMESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ASSESSING AZERBAIJAN’S MODERNIZATION TRAJECTORY IN LIGHT OF THEORIES OF MODERNITY (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) Javadbay KHALILZADA Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Oğuzhan GÖKSEL İSTANBUL - 2016 İSTANBUL 29 MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SİYASET BİLİMİ VE ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI MODERNLEŞME TEORİLERİ AÇISINDAN AZERBAYCAN MODERNLEŞMESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) Javadbay KHALILZADA Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Oğuzhan GÖKSEL İSTANBUL - 2016 T. C. İSTANBUL 29 MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bilim Dalı’nda 030114YL01 numaralı Javadbay Khalilzada’nın hazırladığı Assessing Azerbaıjan’s Modernization Trajectory In Light of Theories of Modernity konulu Yüksek Lisans Tezi ile ilgili tez savunma sınavı, 21/07/2016 günü 14.00- 15.30 saatleri arasında yapılmış, sorulan sorulara alınan cevaplar sonunda adayın tezinin başarılı olduğuna oybirliği ile karar verilmiştir. Yrd. Doç. Dr. Oğuzhan GÖKSEL Prof. Dr. Michelangelo GUİDA İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi (Tez Danışmanı ve Sınav Komisyonu Başkanı) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zübeyir Nişancı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi DECLARATION I hereby declare that all information in this study has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Javadbay KHALILZADA Signature: ABSTRACT Name and Surname : Javadbay Khalilzada University : Istanbul 29 Mayıs University Institution : Social Science Institution Field : Political Science and International Relations Branch : Political Science and International Relations Degree Awarded : Master of Arts Page Number : IX + 96 Degree Date : 21.07.2016 Supervisor : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Oğuzhan Göksel ASSESSING AZERBAIJAN’S MODERNIZATION TRAJECTORY IN LIGHT OF THEORIES OF MODERNITY Modernization theories study a country to identify whether a country is developed or not, or to identify the development level of a country. There are three commonly used distinctive features to analyze and measure the modernity level of a country, which are introduced by classical modernization theory (CMT) as: secularism, economic development, and political development. According to CMT and neo-modernization theory (NMT) these features necessarily interact with each other, and if a country possesses all these features then it can be accepted as modern. However, multiple modernities paradigm (MMP) states that interaction between these features is not necessary and explains that the development of the three fields do not have to appear as in Western countries in non-Western countries. These three features are examined in the Azerbaijan case to identify whether Azerbaijan is a modern or non-modern country. Indeed, as the theories advocate different points of view, the study comparatively analyzes the theories and their application to Azerbaijan. In contrast to CMT and NMT’s Eurocentric modernity approach, MMP assumes a more universalized modernization viewpoint. By analyzing the modernization trajectory of Azerbaijan, this thesis illustrates that MMP is a more universally applicable theory than its counterparts. This thesis analyzes the social, economic, and political development of Azerbaijan and contributes to the literature on MMP by showing that these three features do not necessarily be positively correlated with each other. Key words: CMT, NMT, MMP, Azerbaijan, secularism, economy, democracy iv ÖZET Yazar Adı ve Soyadı : Javadbay Khalilzada Universite : İstanbul 29 Mayıs Universitesi Enstitü : Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Anabilim Dalı : Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bilim Dalı : Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Tezin Niteliği : Yuksek Lisans Tezi Sayfa Sayısı : IX + 96 Mezuniyet Tarihi : 21.07.2016 Tez Danışmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Oğuzhan Göksel MODERNLEŞME TEORİLERİ AÇISINDAN AZERBAYCAN MODERNLEŞMESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ Modernleşme teorileri bir ülkenin gelişmişliğini veya gelişme düzeyini değerlendirmektedir. Bir devletin gelişmişlik düzeyini belirlemek için, klasik modernleşme teorisi tarafından ileri sürülmüş üç özellik dikkate alınmaktadır: laiklik, ekonomik kalkınma ve politik gelişim. Klasik modernleşme ve Neo-modernleşme teorilerine göre bu üç öğe bir birini zorunlu olarak etkilemekte olup bir devlet bunların üçüne de sahip olursa modern devlet olarak kabul edilir. Çoklu modernlik teorisine göre ise, bu yapılar arasındaki etkileşim zorunlu olmayıp, Batı dünyası dışındaki devletlerde farklı şekilde gelişmektedir. Azerbaycan’ın ne kadar modern bir devlet olduğunu analiz etmek için bu üç özellik Azerbaycan örneğinde incelenmiştir. Teorilerin bakış perspektifleri dikkate alınarak Azerbaycan üzerine değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Avrupa merkeziyetçiliği savunan Klasik ve Noe modernleşme aksine, Çoklu modernlik teorisi daha evrensel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır ki, bu çalışma da Çoklu modernlik yaklaşımının Batı dışındaki ülkelere daha uygulanabilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Azerbaycan’ın sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal evrim sürecini anlatan bu çalışma, Çoklu modernlik teorisinin de savunduğu üzere bu üç özelliğin zorunlu olarak bir birini etkilemediğini göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler Klasik Modernleşme Teorisi, Neo-Modernleşme Teorisi, Multipl Modernleşme Paradigması, Azerbaycan, Sekülerşeme, Sanayileşme, Demokrasi v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my distinguished supervisor Asst. Prof. Oğuzhan Göksel for his invaluable guidance, advice, criticism, encouragement and his patience in the process of writing this thesis. I am also thankful to my jury member Prof. Dr. Michelangelo GUIDA for his support and advice during my education period in this department. I would like also express my sincere gratitude to David Reed Albachten, whom I have consulted for the English editing of my thesis. Finally, I would like to express my deepest concern and love to my beloved parents and wife for their support and understanding. CONTENTS THE CONFIRMATION PAGE ..................................................................................................ii DECLARATION........................................................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................iv ÖZET .......................................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................vi CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………………...vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................... 7 THEORIES OF MODERNITY.................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Classic Modernization Theory.......................................................................................... 8 2.2 Neo-Modernization Theory ............................................................................................ 13 2.3 Multiple Modernity Paradigm: Multiple approaches to modernity ................................ 17 2.4 Components of Modernity .............................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Modernity and social development: Religion and Secularization............................ 22 2.4.2 Modernity, Economic Development and Democratization...................................... 23 2.4.3 A Critique of mainstream Theories; Re-Conceptualizing Modernity and Modernization ................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................. 34 3.1 MODERNIZATION TRAJECTORY OF AZERBAIJAN ................................................ 34 3.1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 34 3.2. Social Change and Secularization ................................................................................. 35 3.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................
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