Marimo Moss Ball Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Marimo Moss Ball Culture Description: Marimo moss ball is the common name for a spherical form of Aegagropila linnaei, a species of aquatic green filamentous algae. Marimo is also known as Cladophora ball, which was the previous genus nomenclature before the species was returned to genus Aegagropila. Marimo moss balls are primarily indigenous to Iceland, Japan and northern Europe. The spherical form of this algae species developed in response to wave action & other environmental factors on the bottom of shallow, sandy lakes. Lighting & Location: Marimo grows best in low or medium indirect light. Direct sunlight should be avoided, as the water in a glass container can become too warm. Direct sunlight also has the potential of scorching or discoloring the moss ball. Temperature: Although Marimo is native to cold water habitats, it readily adapts to typical room temperatures of 17 C to 23 C. Nutrients: Marimo requires very little in the way of nutrients. The nutrients contained in agricultural runoff have proven detrimental to moss ball colonies in their native habitats. A small amount of calcium carbonate is beneficial to Marimo culture. This mineral can be provided by placing eggshells, sea shells or chalk in the moss ball vase or a supplementary water container. Water movement: Although this is not a requirement for Marimo culture, a small air stone can be placed in the moss ball container to provide modest water circulation and visual interest. The water movement can also help in retaining the spherical shape of the moss ball. Changing the water occasionally will prevent a murky appearance. Containers: Marimo can be grown in aquariums, fish bowls or glass vases. The container should be open at the top in order to provide a source of carbon dioxide from the surrounding air. Aquarium gravel can be placed on the bottom of the container for ornamentation. Jack Wootton Hawaiian Botanicals Inc .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Internal Microbial Zonation Assists in the Massive Growth of Marimo, a Lake Ball of Aegagropila Linnaei in Lake Akan
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.20.434239; this version posted March 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Internal microbial zonation assists in the massive growth of marimo, a lake ball of 2 Aegagropila linnaei in Lake Akan 3 Ryosuke Nakai,1,* Isamu Wakana,2 Hironori Niki1,3,¶ 4 1 Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National 5 Institute of Genetics, 1111, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan 6 2 Kushiro International Wetland Center, 7-5 Kuroganecho, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-8505, Japan 7 3 Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111, 8 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan 9 * Present address: Microbial Ecology and Technology Research Group, Bioproduction Research 10 Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1, 11 Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517 Japan 12 ¶ Correspondence to: Hironori Niki, Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Gene 13 Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411- 14 8540 Japan; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +81-55-981-6827; Fax: +81-55-981-6870 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.20.434239; this version posted March 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 15 Abstract 16 Marimo (lake ball) is an uncommon ball-like aggregation of the green alga, Aegagropila linnaei.
[Show full text]
Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name:______
Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name:_________________________ Compare and Contrast the following items (20pts): 1) spore vs gamete Spore: unicellular, must settle & grow, product of mitosis(Mt) or meiosis (Me) Gamete: unicellular, must fuse or die, product of mitosis(Mt) or meiosis (Me) 2) monoecious vs dioecious Dioecious- having the male & female reproductive structure borne on separate individual plants; said of the species -two houses Monoecious- having the male & female reproductive structure borne on the same individual plants -one house 3) phycoplast vs. phragmoplast Phycoplast: microtubules parallel to dividing plane -rare in algae Phragmoplast: double microtubules perpendicular to dividing plane-common in algae & land plants 4) haplontic vs diplontic Haplontic: 1N thallus, the zygote is the only diploid stage Diplontic: 2N thallus, the gametes are the only haploid stage 5) parenchymatous vs. coenocytic thallus construction Parenchyma – undifferentiated, isodiometric cells generated by a meristem Cells division in any plane , not filamentous Coenocytic – thallus made up of filaments, multi-nucleate, lacking crosswalls, siphonous 1 Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name:_________________________ Match with the correct Division: Chlorophyta, Heterokontophyta, both, or neither (12 points) a. Plantae __Chloro__________________ b. Chlorophyll A _Both___________________ c. Flowers _______Neither_____________ d. Phycobilins _____Neither_______________ e. Amylose ___Chloro_________ f. Thylakoids in stacks of 2-6 _________Chloro___ g. Bacteria ______Neither____________ h. Flagella ____Both_____________ i. Haplontic life history _____Chloro_________ j. 2 endosymobiotic event ____Hetero__________ k. Chromalvaeolates ______Hetero_________ l. Mannitol___________Hetero___________ Match the following Classes or Orders to the appropriate characteristic, term, or genus. Each term will be used only once. (10 points) Cladophorales ___C_____ A. parenchymatous thallus Ulotricales ___J_____ B. clockwise basal body orientation Chlorophyceae _____B____ C.
[Show full text]
Invasive Zebra Mussels Confirmed in Aquarium Product Sold in Iowa
3/9/2021 March 8 Iowa Outdoors FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE March 8, 2021 Invasive zebra mussels confirmed in aquarium product sold in Iowa The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has confirmed that a popular aquarium product sold at some aquarium supply stores and pet stores in Iowa may contain zebra mussels, a highly invasive species that can cause severe damage to the food chain and infrastructure if released in lakes and rivers. The affected products are moss (Marimo) balls, which are commonly sold in pet stores to help absorb harmful nutrients in the water and limit the growth of undesirable algae in home aquariums. Moss balls recently distributed nationwide were contaminated with zebra mussels. A container of Marimo balls sold as “Betta Buddy” was first found to be contaminated with an adult zebra mussel at a Petco store in Washington state on March 3. Since then, contaminated Marimo balls have been found in pet and aquarium stores in several states. Pet stores across the nation, including Iowa, have removed the product from their shelves. “State and federal law enforcement have been checking pet stores across Iowa and removing the moss balls if they hadn't been removed already,”said Kim Bogenschutz, aquatic invasive species coordinator for the Iowa DNR. Aquarium owners are urged not to purchase this product from stores or online. If you have bought this item in the last month, dispose of it properly and sanitize your tank(s) using the following guidelines to prevent the spread of zebra mussels from aquariums. Disposal and Sanitation Guidelines Place the Marimo ball in a sealable plastic bag and freeze for at least 24 hours, OR Place the moss ball in boiling water for at least 1 full minute, OR Submerge the moss ball in chlorine bleach, diluted to one cup of bleach per gallon of water, OR Submerge the moss ball in undiluted white vinegar for 20 minutes.
[Show full text]
A Geometrical Approach Explains Lake Ball (Marimo) Formations in The
OPEN A geometrical approach explains Lake SUBJECT AREAS: Ball (Marimo) formations in the green THEORETICAL ECOLOGY CONSERVATION alga, Aegagropila linnaei Tatsuya Togashi1, Hironobu Sasaki2 & Jin Yoshimura1,3,4 Received 5 August 2013 1Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa 299-5502, Japan, 2Department of Mathematics and Accepted Informatics, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan, 3Graduate School of Science and Technology and 4 23 December 2013 Department of Mathematical Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY Published 13210, USA. 20 January 2014 An extremely rare alga, Aegagropila linnaei, is known for its beautiful spherical filamentous aggregations called Lake Ball (Marimo). It has long been a mystery in biology as to why this species forms 3D ball-like Correspondence and aggregations. This alga also forms two-dimensional mat-like aggregations. Here we show that forming requests for materials ball-like aggregations is an adaptive strategy to increase biomass in the extremely limited environments should be addressed to suitable for growth of this alga. We estimate the maximum biomass attained by ball colonies and compare it T.T. (togashi@faculty. to that attained by mat colonies. As a result, a ball colony can become larger in areal biomass than the mat colony. In the two large ball colonies studied so far, they actually have larger biomasses than the mat chiba-u.jp) colonies. The uniqueness of Lake Balls in nature seems to be due to the rarity of such environmental conditions.
[Show full text]
No More Lake Balls (Aegagropila Linnaei Ku¨Tzing, Cladophorophyceae, Chlorophyta) in the Netherlands?
Aquat Ecol (2009) 43:891–902 DOI 10.1007/s10452-009-9231-1 No more lake balls (Aegagropila linnaei Ku¨tzing, Cladophorophyceae, Chlorophyta) in The Netherlands? Christian Boedeker Æ Anne Immers Received: 30 May 2008 / Accepted: 6 January 2009 / Published online: 23 January 2009 Ó The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Aegagropila linnaei, a freshwater green compared with different growth forms and habitats macroalga, had been abundant in several locations in from several other locations outside The Netherlands. The Netherlands before the 1960s. Both the ‘lake The sequences confirm the identity of the Dutch ball’ form of this alga and dense unattached mats material and indicate very little divergence both floating over the sediment have been described from between populations in different locations and these locations. After 1967, this species has not been between different growth forms. recorded anymore from The Netherlands. In 2007, several historical collection sites were surveyed for Keywords Cladophora aegagropila Á extant populations of A. linnaei. All habitats have Eutrophication Á Threatened freshwater algae Á changed drastically during the last 50 years and were Lake balls Á LSU rDNA Á Marimo Á affected severely by eutrophication. Populations of A. Molecular sequences Á Red list linnaei seem to have become extinct in all but one location (Boven Wijde, province Overijssel), where we found very small amounts of attached filaments. The attached form had not been reported previously Introduction from The Netherlands. Environmental conditions do not seem suitable anymore to maintain extensive The green macroalga Aegagropila linnaei Ku¨tzing unattached growth forms including the enigmatic (Cladophorophyceae) occurs in freshwater and some lake balls, and the species must be regarded as brackish environments and has essentially a palae- threatened in The Netherlands and we propose to arctic distribution (van den Hoek 1963; Pankow include A.
[Show full text]
Green Algae · Chlorophyta
GREEN ALGAE · DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA Introduction Of the approximately 16,000 species of green algae, 90% are restricted to the freshwater environment: damp soil, rivers, lakes, ponds, puddles, tree bark, and even the hair of polar bears. The marine representatives are limited to relatively few orders and are common in the intertidal and upper subtidal regions. Like vascular plants, green algae have chlorophylls a and b in addition to a variety of carotenes and xanthophylls that act as accessory pigments. Nutrition is autotrophic, with the reserve carbohydrates stored in plastids in the form of starch. Green algae exhibit a wide variety of thallus forms, ranging from single cells to filaments to parenchymatous thalli. In tropical and subtropical waters, many forms may be calcified. Reproduction occurs asexually by fragmentation or by the production of spores that develop directly into new individuals, or sexually by the union of two gametes. While the sexual gametes and asexual spores may look very similar, they can be differentiated by the number of flagella; sexual gametes have two flagella and asexual spores have four flagella. In many species the entire thallus becomes reproductive, a term called “holocarpic.” Systematics A few distinguishing characteristics separating key orders for marine Chlorophyta are below. Order Thallus Chloroplasts Reproduction & Life History Examples (asexual; sexual) Ulvales parenchymatous single, parietal, zoospores; gametes iso/ Ulva several pyrenoids anisogomous. mostly isomorphic stages Cladophorales coenocytic cells parietal, reticulate, fragmentation, zoospores; Cladophora, united end-end few to many biflagellate gametes Chaetomorpha pyrenoids Bryopsidales much branched, numerous, discoid, none; biflagellate gametes Codium, coenocytic, w/o pyrenoids Bryopsis nonseptate Morphology The green algae are well represented in the marine plankton and damp terrestrial environments, with many species occurring as unicellular organisms.
[Show full text]
Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Aegagropila Clade (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae), Including the Description of Aegagropilopsis Gen
J. Phycol. 48, 808–825 (2012) Ó 2012 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01145.x MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY OF THE AEGAGROPILA CLADE (CLADOPHORALES, ULVOPHYCEAE), INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF AEGAGROPILOPSIS GEN. NOV. AND PSEUDOCLADOPHORA GEN. NOV.1 Christian Boedeker 2 School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6140, New Zealand Charles J. O’Kelly Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA Wim Star Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands and Frederik Leliaert Phycology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium The Aegagropila clade represents a unique group Abbreviations: bp, base pairs; BI, Bayesian infer- of cladophoralean green algae occurring mainly in ence; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum brackish and freshwater environments. The clade is parsimony; s.s., sensu stricto sister to the species-rich and primarily marine Clado- phora and Siphonocladus lineages. Phylogenetic analy- ses of partial LSU and SSU nrDNA sequences reveal The Cladophorales is a species-rich order of ulvo- four main lineages within the Aegagropila clade, and phycean green algae with a siphonocladous organi- allow a taxonomic reassessment. One lineage con- zation that is widespread in marine and freshwater sists of two marine ‘Cladophora’ species, for which environments from tropical to polar regions. The the new genus Pseudocladophora and the new family Cladophorales have evolved in three main clades Pseudocladophoraceae are proposed. For the other (Fig. 1, Hanyuda et al. 2002, Leliaert et al. 2003, lineages, the family name Pithophoraceae is rein- Yoshii et al.
[Show full text]
Newsletter No
Newsletter No. 176 September 2018 Price: $5.00 AUSTRALASIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY SOCIETY INCORPORATED Council President Vice President Darren Crayn Daniel Murphy Australian Tropical Herbarium (CNS) Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria James Cook University, Cairns Campus Birdwood Avenue PO Box 6811, Cairns Qld 4870 Melbourne, Vic. 3004 Australia Australia Tel: (+617)/(07) 4232 1859 Tel: (+613)/(03) 9252 2377 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Secretary Treasurer Jennifer Tate Matt Renner Institute of Fundamental Sciences Royal Botanic Garden Sydney Massey University Mrs Macquaries Road Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 Sydney NSW 2000 New Zealand Australia Tel: (+646)/(6) 356- 099 ext. 84718 Tel: (+61)/(0) 415 343 508 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Councillor Councillor Ryonen Butcher Heidi Meudt Western Australian Herbarium Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Locked Bag 104 PO Box 467, Cable St Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Wellington 6140, New Zealand Australia Tel: (+644)/(4) 381 7127 Tel: (+618)/(08) 9219 9136 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Other constitutional bodies Hansjörg Eichler Research Committee Affiliate Society David Glenny Papua New Guinea Botanical Society Sarah Mathews Heidi Meudt Joanne Birch Advisory Standing Committees Katharina Nargar Financial Murray Henwood Patrick Brownsey Chair: Dan Murphy, Vice President, ex officio David Cantrill Grant application closing dates Bob Hill Hansjörg Eichler Research Fund: th th Ad
[Show full text]
Akvárium Praha
bulletin občianskeho združenia KLUB.AKVA.SK 20/2.11.2009/ Hypancistrus sp. L270 AKVARISTICKÁ JESEŇ 2009 v Bratislave AkvaEXPO Rychnov Akvárium Praha BIOTOPY: Pozo Azul pod vodou aquadesign – Ohlédnutí za Akvazimou 2008 Poecilia latipinna, alebo Poecilia velifera? Rejnoci v akváriu (1.) Pohádky o Aegagropila linnaei Poecilia obscura, Micropoecilia parae editoriál v y ch á dz a a ko d v o j me s a č n í k v el e k t ro n i c k e j po do be /f o r m á t .p df / Akvárium, číslo 20 KLUB.AKVA.SK editoriál Milé akvaristky, milí akvaristé, máte před sebou tradiční podzimní číslo Akvária, věnova- Připadá mi neuvěřitelné, že náš klub funguje už čtvrtý rok. né zejména reportážím z několika akcí, které jsme měli to ště- Pokaždé, když nad tím zaváhám, uvědomím si, jaké je číslo stí navštívit. Náš akvapodzim v KLUBu.AKVA.SK začal jako aktuálního vydání Akvária, a snadno si to spočítám. Na titul- obvykle výletem do Rychnova. To pro nás znamená dlouhou ní stránce nám teď září dvacítka... už druhé číslo ze čtvrtého cestu, dlouhé rozhovory se všemi kamarády a známými, také ročníku a zároveň poslední, které ukončuje dvě desítky vydání dlouhé bloumání mezi stojany u Papíka a ještě delší vybírání – nemyslím si, že jsme tenkrát v létě 2006 věděli nebo vůbec fotografií pro reportáž. Rychnov je jistota. Hned o týden poz- tušili, že by to mohlo takhle skončit. Slovo skončit je ovšem ději jsme si nemohli nechat ujít Heiko Blehera v Praze – v našem případě nevhodné. Jedeme dál. mimochodem je to ohromně charismatický člověk, který má Tak jako obvykle Vás vyzývám, abyste se nám ozvali a dali navíc o čem mluvit.
[Show full text]
Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancers
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer Andrew F. Olshan Editor Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer Editor Andrew F. Olshan, Ph.D. Professor and Chair Department of Epidemiology 2101B McGavran-Greenberg Hall Gillings School of Global Public Health CB#7435 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-1471-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1472-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1472-9 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010921593 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Head and neck cancer – defined here as cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx – comprises a fascinating tumor model. With two well established risk factors – tobacco and alcohol – and the potential for screening, these tumors provide unique opportunities for prevention and control.
[Show full text]
Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name
Marine Botany M id ter m 2 014 Name:_________________________ Compare and Contrast the following items (20pts): 1) spore vs gamete 2) monoecious vs dioecious 3) phycoplast vs. phragmoplast 4) haplontic vs diplontic 5) parenchymatous vs. coenocytic thallus construction 1 Marine Botany M id ter m 2 014 Name:_________________________ Match with the correct Division: Chlorophyta, Heterokontophyta, both, or neither (12 points) a. Plantae ____________________ b. Chlorophyll A ____________________ c. Flowers ____________________ d. Phycobilins ____________________ e. Amylose ____________ f. Thylakoids in stacks of 2-6 ____________ g. Bacteria __________________ h. Flagella _________________ i. Haplontic forms ______________ j. 2 symobiotic events ______________ k. Stramenopiles _______________ l. Mannitol______________________ Match the following Classes or Orders to the appropriate characteristic, term, or genus. Each term will be used only once. (10 points) Cladophorales ________ A. parenchymatous thallus Ulotricales________ B. clockwise basal body orientation Chlorophyceae _________ C. marimo balls Charophyceae ________ D. modern representative of ancestral green (most primitive) Trebouxiophyceae ________ E. one nucleus & radial symmetry Dasycladales________ F. e.g. Prasiola Caulerpales ________ G. broad band microtubule roots, closely related to land plants Fucales ________ H. monoecious or dioecious Prasinophyceae_________ I. group contains coenocytic mass-spawners Ulvales __________ J. Codiolum phase 2 Marine Botany M id ter m 2 014 Name:_________________________ Define the terms below (20pts): 1) algae: 2) physode: 3) hypnozygote: 4) saxicolous: 5) plurilocular sporangia : 6) functional anisogamy: 7) pneumatocyst: 8) holocarpic reproduction: 9) ectocarpene: 10) alginic acid: 3 Marine Botany M id ter m 2 014 Name:_________________________ Create a dichotomous key to separate the following genera: Fucus, Codium, Silvetia, Chlamydomonas, Cladophora.
[Show full text]
Os Nomes Galegos Das Algas 2020 4ª Ed
Os nomes galegos das algas 2020 4ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20204): Os nomes galegos das algas. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga!/wp"content/up!oads/achave_osnomes a!egosdas#a! as#2020#4.pd$ Fotografía: argazo (Laminaria spp. ). Autor: Jordi Colàs. %sta o&ra est' su(eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a&erto) con reco*ecemento da autor+a e sen o&ra derivada nin usos comerciais. ,esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/&-"nc-nd/4.0/deed. !. Licenza comp!eta: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/&-"nc-nd/4.0/!e a!code.!an ua es. 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont n este documento Na primeira edición deste documento (2015) fornecéronse denominacións para as especies de algas galegas (e) ou europeas, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ám ito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese culinario ou industrial, polas súas peculiaridades iolóxicas ou por seren moi com"ns noutras áreas xeográficas)# Na segunda edición (2018) agregáronse máis nomes galegos !ernáculos para algunhas especies, principalmente procedentes do galego de %sturias, e incluíronse no!as referencias i liográficas# Na terceira edición (2020) incorpórase o logo da 'ha!e ao deseño do documento e engádese algún nome galego# Na cuarta edición (2020) engádese a&nda algún nome galego máis, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas e reescr& ense as notas introdutorias# )áis completa *ue as anteriores, nesta no!a edición achéganse nomes galegos para 11+ especies
[Show full text]