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Trends in Bidi and Cigarette Smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by Age, Gender and Education
Research Trends in bidi and cigarette smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by age, gender and education Sujata Mishra,1 Renu Ann Joseph,1 Prakash C Gupta,2 Brendon Pezzack,1 Faujdar Ram,3 Dhirendra N Sinha,4 Rajesh Dikshit,5 Jayadeep Patra,1 Prabhat Jha1 To cite: Mishra S, ABSTRACT et al Key questions Joseph RA, Gupta PC, . Objectives: Smoking of cigarettes or bidis (small, Trends in bidi and cigarette locally manufactured smoked tobacco) in India has smoking in India from 1998 What is already known about this topic? likely changed over the last decade. We sought to to 2015, by age, gender and ▸ India has over 100 million adult smokers, the education. BMJ Global Health document trends in smoking prevalence among second highest number of smokers in the world – 2016;1:e000005. Indians aged 15 69 years between 1998 and 2015. after China. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2015- Design: Comparison of 3 nationally representative ▸ There are already about 1 million adult deaths 000005 surveys representing 99% of India’s population; the per year from smoking. Special Fertility and Mortality Survey (1998), the Sample Registration System Baseline Survey (2004) What are the new findings? and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2010). ▸ The age-standardised prevalence of smoking Setting: India. declined modestly among men aged 15–69 years, ▸ Additional material is Participants: About 14 million residents from 2.5 but the absolute number of male smokers at these published online only. To million homes, representative of India. ages grew from 79 million in 1998 to 108 million view please visit the journal in 2015. -
Trends in Bidi and Cigarette Smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by Age, Gender and Education
Research BMJ Glob Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000005 on 6 April 2016. Downloaded from Trends in bidi and cigarette smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by age, gender and education Sujata Mishra,1 Renu Ann Joseph,1 Prakash C Gupta,2 Brendon Pezzack,1 Faujdar Ram,3 Dhirendra N Sinha,4 Rajesh Dikshit,5 Jayadeep Patra,1 Prabhat Jha1 To cite: Mishra S, ABSTRACT et al Key questions Joseph RA, Gupta PC, . Objectives: Smoking of cigarettes or bidis (small, Trends in bidi and cigarette locally manufactured smoked tobacco) in India has smoking in India from 1998 What is already known about this topic? likely changed over the last decade. We sought to to 2015, by age, gender and ▸ India has over 100 million adult smokers, the education. BMJ Global Health document trends in smoking prevalence among second highest number of smokers in the world – 2016;1:e000005. Indians aged 15 69 years between 1998 and 2015. after China. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2015- Design: Comparison of 3 nationally representative ▸ There are already about 1 million adult deaths 000005 surveys representing 99% of India’s population; the per year from smoking. Special Fertility and Mortality Survey (1998), the Sample Registration System Baseline Survey (2004) What are the new findings? and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2010). ▸ The age-standardised prevalence of smoking Setting: India. declined modestly among men aged 15–69 years, ▸ Additional material is Participants: About 14 million residents from 2.5 but the absolute number of male smokers at these published online only. To million homes, representative of India. -
Internal Microbial Zonation Assists in the Massive Growth of Marimo, a Lake Ball of Aegagropila Linnaei in Lake Akan
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.20.434239; this version posted March 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Internal microbial zonation assists in the massive growth of marimo, a lake ball of 2 Aegagropila linnaei in Lake Akan 3 Ryosuke Nakai,1,* Isamu Wakana,2 Hironori Niki1,3,¶ 4 1 Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National 5 Institute of Genetics, 1111, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan 6 2 Kushiro International Wetland Center, 7-5 Kuroganecho, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-8505, Japan 7 3 Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111, 8 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan 9 * Present address: Microbial Ecology and Technology Research Group, Bioproduction Research 10 Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1, 11 Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517 Japan 12 ¶ Correspondence to: Hironori Niki, Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Gene 13 Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411- 14 8540 Japan; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +81-55-981-6827; Fax: +81-55-981-6870 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.20.434239; this version posted March 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 15 Abstract 16 Marimo (lake ball) is an uncommon ball-like aggregation of the green alga, Aegagropila linnaei. -
American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors
Volume 1, Issue 2 (December 2010) http://www.hawaii.edu/sswork/jivsw http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12527 E-ISSN 2151-349X pp. 1-18 ‘This Tobacco Has Always Been Here for Us,’ American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors Sandra L. Momper Beth Glover Reed University of Michigan University of Michigan Mary Kate Dennis University of Michigan Abstract We utilized eight talking circles to elicit American Indian views of smoking on a U.S. reservation. We report on (1) the historical context of tobacco use among Ojibwe Indians; (2) risk factors that facilitate use: peer/parental smoking, acceptability/ availability of cigarettes; (3) cessation efforts/ inhibiting factors for cessation: smoking while pregnant, smoking to reduce stress , beliefs that cessation leads to debilitating withdrawals; and (4) protective factors that inhibit smoking initiation/ use: negative health effects of smoking, parental and familial smoking behaviors, encouragement from youth to quit smoking, positive health benefits, “cold turkey” quitting, prohibition of smoking in tribal buildings/homes. Smoking is prevalent, but protective behaviors are evident and can assist in designing culturally sensitive prevention, intervention and cessation programs. Key Words American Indians • Native Americans • Indigenous • tobacco • smoking • community based research Acknowledgments We would like to say thank you (Miigwetch) to all tribal members for their willingness to share their stories and work with us, and in particular, the Research Associate and Observer (Chi-Miigwetch). This investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32 DA007267 via the University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center (UMSARC). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or UMSARC. -
Sacred Smoking
FLORIDA’SBANNER INDIAN BANNER HERITAGE BANNER TRAIL •• BANNERPALEO-INDIAN BANNER ROCK BANNER ART? • • THE BANNER IMPORTANCE BANNER OF SALT american archaeologySUMMER 2014 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 18 No. 2 SACRED SMOKING $3.95 $3.95 SUMMER 2014 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservancy Vol. 18 No. 2 COVER FEATURE 12 HOLY SMOKE ON BY DAVID MALAKOFF M A H Archaeologists are examining the pivitol role tobacco has played in Native American culture. HLEE AS 19 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SALT BY TAMARA STEWART , PHOTO BY BY , PHOTO M By considering ethnographic evidence, researchers EU S have arrived at a new interpretation of archaeological data from the Verde Salt Mine, which speaks of the importance of salt to Native Americans. 25 ON THE TRAIL OF FLORIDA’S INDIAN HERITAGE TION, SOUTH FLORIDA MU TION, SOUTH FLORIDA C BY SUSAN LADIKA A trip through the Tampa Bay area reveals some of Florida’s rich history. ALLANT COLLE ALLANT T 25 33 ROCK ART REVELATIONS? BY ALEXANDRA WITZE Can rock art tell us as much about the first Americans as stone tools? 38 THE HERO TWINS IN THE MIMBRES REGION BY MARC THOMPSON, PATRICIA A. GILMAN, AND KRISTINA C. WYCKOFF Researchers believe the Mimbres people of the Southwest painted images from a Mesoamerican creation story on their pottery. 44 new acquisition A PRESERVATION COLLABORATION The Conservancy joins forces with several other preservation groups to save an ancient earthwork complex. 46 new acquisition SAVING UTAH’S PAST The Conservancy obtains two preserves in southern Utah. 48 point acquisition A TIME OF CONFLICT The Parkin phase of the Mississippian period was marked by warfare. -
Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: the Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions
Syracuse University SURFACE David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Child and Family Studies - Dissertations Dynamics 5-2013 Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: The Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions Yan Wang Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/cfs_etd Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Yan, "Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: The Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions" (2013). Child and Family Studies - Dissertations. 67. https://surface.syr.edu/cfs_etd/67 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Child and Family Studies - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The etiology of smoking behaviors involves the interplay among multiple systems at the cultural, familial, and personal levels, but few investigations have explored the effects of multiple environments on adolescent smoking behaviors. Survey data were collected from 658 parent- child dyads of Chinese adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years from Jiande, Zhejiang province in mainland China. Using data from multiple informants, the direct and indirect roles of socio-cultural influences, parenting strategies, smoking-specific parenting behaviors, and smoking-related cognitions on adolescent smoking behaviors were examined. Results indicated that smoking-related cultural values, extended family members smoking, and parental psychological control had direct effects on Chinese adolescents smoking behaviors. Smoking- related cultural values, parent smoking, and health-related values had indirect effects on adolescent smoking behaviors through smoking-related cognitions. -
EXECUTIVE-AVIATION-CATERING-MENU-ALL.Pdf
EXECUTIVE AVIATION CATERING MENU BREAKFAST Bread Baguettes o French Baguette, 130gr €3.00 o Brown Baguette, 120gr €3.00 o Oat Fitness Baguette, 150gr €3.50 Sliced Bread o White Sliced Bread, 5 slices €2.00 o Brown Sliced Bread, 5 slices €2.00 Mini Bread Rolls o Mini Country Roll White, 40gr €0.80 o Mini Country Roll Brown, 40gr €0.80 o Mini Multigrain Square, 40gr €0.80 o Mini Pumpkinseed Square, 40gr €0.80 o Mini Poppy Seed Square, 40gr €0.80 o Mini Ciabatta White, 35gr €0.80 o Mini Ciabatta Brown, 35gr €0.80 o Mini Ciabatta with Olives, 35gr €0.80 o Mini Kaiser Roll White, 35gr €0.80 o Mini Kaiser Roll Brown, 35gr €0.80 o Mini Beetroot and Dry Nuts Bun, 35gr €1.50 o Mini Brioche Black Bun, 35gr €1.50 American Bagel, 142gr €4.00 American Bagel with Oats, 142gr €4.00 Wraps o Cyprus Pitta Bread, 1 piece €0.80 o Greek Pitta Bread, 1 piece €0.80 Bread Basket (2 persons) €12.00 2 Slices of white bread, 2 slices of brown bread, 1 Cyprus pitta bread, 2 white bread rolls, 2 brown bread rolls, 1 baguette Bread Basket (4 persons) €23.00 4 Slices of white bread, 4 slices of brown bread, 2 Cyprus pitta bread, 4 white bread rolls, 4 brown bread rolls, 2 baguettes Pastries Butter Croissant, 42gr €2.00 Praline Croissant, 45gr €2.50 Danish Pastry Maple Pecan, 42gr €2.50 Apricot Croissant, 45gr €2.50 Ham & Cheese Croissant, 45gr €2.50 Mini Sausage Roll, 25gr €1.50 Mini Fetta Cheese Pie, 25gr €1.50 Mini Chicken Pie, 25gr €1.50 Mini Olive Pie, 25gr €1.50 Mini Spinach & Cheese Pie, 25gr €1.50 Mini Apple Pie, 40gr €2.50 Mini Almond Pie, -
Lobby Bar Menu
LOBBY BAR MENU Square Nine’s lobby bar offers a wide selection of fine spirits, wines, cocktails, selected waters, Japanese beer and an array of other beverages, many of which can be tasted only at the Square Nine hotel. The intimate lobby lounge is the ideal spot for meetings, morning coffee, after dinner drinks or an evening of chatting with friends. The menu, aside from the stunning beverage list, offers a selection of light and classical dishes, from the Square Nine signature burger, to the classical club sandwich and caesar salad. To respect the privacy of all our guests, we kindly ask that you refrain from flash or intrusive photography. 1 ALCOHOL BY VOLUME SERVING MEASURES CHAMPAGNE 12%-13% 150 ML WINES 13,5%-14% 150 ML BEERS 4,8%-5,5% / VERMOUTHS 14,7%-18% 40 ML LIQUERS 20%-40% 40 ML GIN 37,5%-49,3% 40 ML VODKA 37,5%-45% 40 ML WHISKIES 40%-54,2% 40 ML COGNAC 35%-47,8% 40 ML EAU DE VIE 35%-45% 30 ML SHORT DRINKS SERVING QUANTITY 40ML ALL PRICES ARE IN RSD / 20% VAT IS INCLUDED SERVICE CHARGE IS NOT INCLUDED 2 3 BEVERAGE SELECTION ALL PRICES ARE IN RSD / 20% VAT IS INCLUDED SERVICE CHARGE IS NOT INCLUDED 2 3 CLASSIC COCKTAILS 1290 MARTINI GIN OR VODKA OF YOUR CHOICE COMBINED WITH DRY VERMOUTH AND GARNISHED WITH OLIVES OR LEMON TWIST. MANHATTAN BOURBON OF YOUR CHOICE CHILLED WITH SWEET VERMOUTH AND ANGOSTURA BITTERS. OLD FASHIONED ONE OF THE OLDEST COCKTAILS IN THE BOOK IS THIS COMBINATION OF BOURBON, DEMERARA BROWN SUGAR AND ANGOSTURA BITTERS. -
The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Life Expectancy Between 1980 and 2010: a Global Perspective E Rentería,1 P Jha,2 D Forman,1 I Soerjomataram1
Downloaded from http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ on June 30, 2017 - Published by group.bmj.com Research paper The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy between 1980 and 2010: a global perspective E Rentería,1 P Jha,2 D Forman,1 I Soerjomataram1 ▸ Additional material is ABSTRACT variation in the distribution of cause-specific published online only. To view Introduction Tobacco smoking is among the leading deaths5 are some of the challenges in the applica- please visit the journal online (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ causes of preventable mortality worldwide. We assessed tion of these methods to data from LMICs. tobaccocontrol-2015-052265). the impact of smoking on life expectancy worldwide This study aims to estimate the impact of smoking 1 between 1980 and 2010. on life expectancy worldwide and the trends over Section of Cancer fi Surveillance, International Methods We retrieved cause-speci c mortality data time between 1980 and 2010. We propose a revi- Agency for Research on from the WHO Mortality Database by sex, year and age sion of the original method developed by Peto and Cancer, Lyon, France for 63 countries with high or moderate quality data colleagues that takes into account national accumu- 2 Centre for Global Health (1980–2010). Using the time of the peak of the lated exposure to smoking and smoking-related risk Research (CGHR), St. Michael’s smoking epidemic by country, relative risks from the of dying, anchored to the country’s position within Hospital and Dalla Lana School 6 of Public Health, University of three waves of the Cancer Prevention Study were applied the smoking epidemic continuum. -
Smoking in China: Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Smoking in China Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey Gonghuan Yang, MD Context As the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China Lixin Fan, MS bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease and may be experiencing a tobacco epidemic. Jian Tan, MD Objective To develop an evidence-based approach supporting tobacco control ini- Guoming Qi, MD tiatives in China. Yifang Zhang, MD Design and Setting A population-based survey consisting of a 52-item question- Jonathan M. Samet, MD, MS naire that included information on demographics, smoking history, smoking-related knowl- edge and attitudes, cessation, passive smoke exposure, and health status was adminis- Carl E. Taylor, MD, DrPH tered in 145 disease surveillance points in the 30 provinces of China from March through Karen Becker, DVM, MPH July 1996. Jing Xu, MS, MSPH Participants A nationally representative random sample of 128 766 persons aged 15 to 69 years were asked to participate; 120 298 (93.8%) provided data and were S THE WORLD’S LARGEST PRO- included in the final analysis. About two thirds of those sampled were from rural areas ducer and consumer of to- and one third were from urban areas. bacco, China bears a substan- Main Outcome Measures Current smoking patterns and attitudes; changes in smok- tial proportion of the global ing patterns and attitudes compared with results of a previous national survey con- burdenA of smoking-related disease.1 Of ducted in 1984. China’s population of 1.2 billion, more Results A total of 41 187 respondents smoked at least 1 cigarette per day, account- than 300 million men and 20 million ing for 34.1% of the total number of respondents, an increase of 3.4 percentage points women are smokers, making China the since 1984. -
News Analysis
304 Tobacco Control 2001;10:304–308 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.10.4.304c on 1 December 2001. Downloaded from NEWS ANALYSIS declines in tobacco use. The states of the 1980s, the United States Tobacco All articles written by David Simp- California and Massachusetts have Company targeted non-smoking son unless otherwise attributed. conducted well funded comprehen- young males with low nicotine, snuV Ideas and items for News Analysis sive tobacco control campaigns. Both starter products. The company should be sent to David Simpson at campaigns have aggressively passed employed a “graduation” strategy that the address given on the inside tobacco control policies including intended new users to “graduate” up front cover. taxation, eliminating public smoking, to higher nicotine brands over time. aggressive counter-advertising, crack- Among US 17–18 year old males, oral downs on tobacco sales to minors, snuV use soared from 0.3% in 1970 to and treatment of smokers. In 1998, 2.9% in 1985, an eightfold increase. A Suckers today, the male smoking rate for California Washington State study found that was 15.1% and Massachusetts 15%. snuV became a nicotine entry product smokers tomorrow? In 1999, male use of chewing tobacco for young males who switched to ciga- A recent Industry Watch (Tobacco and snuV was only 2.4% in California. rette smoking as they grew older. Control; 2001;10:253–7) explored an Massachusetts stopped measuring Tobacco companies—Swedish or “experiment in progress”—the use of snuV use when it fell below 1% in American—want to make money and snus (oral snuV) by Sweden’s males as 1993. -
Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name:______
Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name:_________________________ Compare and Contrast the following items (20pts): 1) spore vs gamete Spore: unicellular, must settle & grow, product of mitosis(Mt) or meiosis (Me) Gamete: unicellular, must fuse or die, product of mitosis(Mt) or meiosis (Me) 2) monoecious vs dioecious Dioecious- having the male & female reproductive structure borne on separate individual plants; said of the species -two houses Monoecious- having the male & female reproductive structure borne on the same individual plants -one house 3) phycoplast vs. phragmoplast Phycoplast: microtubules parallel to dividing plane -rare in algae Phragmoplast: double microtubules perpendicular to dividing plane-common in algae & land plants 4) haplontic vs diplontic Haplontic: 1N thallus, the zygote is the only diploid stage Diplontic: 2N thallus, the gametes are the only haploid stage 5) parenchymatous vs. coenocytic thallus construction Parenchyma – undifferentiated, isodiometric cells generated by a meristem Cells division in any plane , not filamentous Coenocytic – thallus made up of filaments, multi-nucleate, lacking crosswalls, siphonous 1 Marine Botany Midterm 2014 Name:_________________________ Match with the correct Division: Chlorophyta, Heterokontophyta, both, or neither (12 points) a. Plantae __Chloro__________________ b. Chlorophyll A _Both___________________ c. Flowers _______Neither_____________ d. Phycobilins _____Neither_______________ e. Amylose ___Chloro_________ f. Thylakoids in stacks of 2-6 _________Chloro___ g. Bacteria ______Neither____________ h. Flagella ____Both_____________ i. Haplontic life history _____Chloro_________ j. 2 endosymobiotic event ____Hetero__________ k. Chromalvaeolates ______Hetero_________ l. Mannitol___________Hetero___________ Match the following Classes or Orders to the appropriate characteristic, term, or genus. Each term will be used only once. (10 points) Cladophorales ___C_____ A. parenchymatous thallus Ulotricales ___J_____ B. clockwise basal body orientation Chlorophyceae _____B____ C.