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Meeting Report
Meeting Report MEETING ON ACCELERATING THE RAISING OF TOBACCO TAXES AND THE RATIFICATION OF THE PROTOCOL TO ELIMINATE ILLICIT TRADE IN TOBACCO 27–29 November 2017 Manila, Philippines WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC RS/2017/GE/63(PHL) English only MEETING REPORT MEETING ON ACCELERATING THE RAISING OF TOBACCO TAXES AND THE RATIFICATION OF THE PROTOCOL TO ELIMINATE ILLICIT TRADE IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC Convened by: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC Manila, Philippines 27–29 November 2017 Not for sale Printed and distributed by: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Manila, Philippines February 2018 NOTE The views expressed in this report are those of the participants of the Meeting on Accelerating the Raising of Tobacco Taxes and the Ratification of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in the Western Pacific and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the conveners. This report has been prepared by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific for Member States in the Region and for those who participated in the Meeting on Accelerating the Raising of Tobacco Taxes and the Ratification of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in the Western Pacific, in Manila, Philippines from 27 to 29 November 2017. CONTENTS SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCTION -
Towardatobaccofreeworld Hi Res.Pdf
Toward A Tobacco Free World Preface This e-book Toward A Tobacco Free World is being given away to inform people about the significant adverse effect tobacco continues to have on humanity. It’s also being given away to create awareness of the World Health Organization’s World No Tobacco Day on May 31st. According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion people will die from smoking in this century. This dire scenario doesn’t have to hap- pen. The time is NOW to act as a community in preventing children and teens from starting to use tobacco products and helping those who want to quit. The Good News and the Bad News Since the printed version of Toward A Tobacco Free World came out at the end of 2006 (Ending The Tobacco Holocaust), the U.S. has expe- rienced a decrease in tobacco smoking as well as a decrease in overall exposure to second-hand smoke. That’s the good news. Specifically, the percentage of adults who smoke has dropped from 20.8 % to 19.8 %, and the percentage of high school seniors who smoked in the last 30 days has dropped from 21.6% to 20.4%. However, the bad news is that 19.8 % of adults and 20.4 % of high school seniors in the U.S. still smoke. The U.S. government’s Healthy People 2010 goals called for only 12% of adults, and 16% of adolescents, to smoke by 2010. It IS a Big Deal Interestingly, when asked, many Americans don’t regard the tobacco problem as a big issue. -
Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: the Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions
Syracuse University SURFACE David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Child and Family Studies - Dissertations Dynamics 5-2013 Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: The Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions Yan Wang Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/cfs_etd Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Yan, "Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: The Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions" (2013). Child and Family Studies - Dissertations. 67. https://surface.syr.edu/cfs_etd/67 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Child and Family Studies - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The etiology of smoking behaviors involves the interplay among multiple systems at the cultural, familial, and personal levels, but few investigations have explored the effects of multiple environments on adolescent smoking behaviors. Survey data were collected from 658 parent- child dyads of Chinese adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years from Jiande, Zhejiang province in mainland China. Using data from multiple informants, the direct and indirect roles of socio-cultural influences, parenting strategies, smoking-specific parenting behaviors, and smoking-related cognitions on adolescent smoking behaviors were examined. Results indicated that smoking-related cultural values, extended family members smoking, and parental psychological control had direct effects on Chinese adolescents smoking behaviors. Smoking- related cultural values, parent smoking, and health-related values had indirect effects on adolescent smoking behaviors through smoking-related cognitions. -
World Bank Document
HNP DISCUSSION PAPER Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Economics of Tobacco Control Paper No. 21 Research on Tobacco in China: About this series... An annotated bibliography of research on tobacco This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Family (HNP) of the World Bank’s Human Development Network. The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for use, health effects, policies, farming and industry publishing preliminary and unpolished results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized debate. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Citation and the use of material presented in this series should take into account this provisional character. For free copies of papers in this series please contact the individual authors whose name appears on the paper. Joy de Beyer, Nina Kollars, Nancy Edwards, and Harold Cheung Enquiries about the series and submissions should be made directly to the Managing Editor Joy de Beyer ([email protected]) or HNP Advisory Service ([email protected], tel 202 473-2256, fax 202 522-3234). For more information, see also www.worldbank.org/hnppublications. The Economics of Tobacco Control sub-series is produced jointly with the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized manner to the World Health Organization or to the World Bank, their affiliated organizations or members of their Executive Boards or the countries they represent. -
World No Tobacco Day 2018 Report
WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY 2018 REPORT What is World No Tobacco Day (WNTD)? WNTD 2018 theme “Tobacco Breaks Hearts” Every year, on 31 May, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners, including the World Heart Federation (WHF), mark World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) to highlight the health and other risks associated with tobacco use and advocate for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption. This year, World No Tobacco Day will focus on the important link between tobacco and heart disease, under the campaign theme “Tobacco Breaks Hearts”. The campaign aims to increase awareness on the link between tobacco and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and promote feasible actions and measures that governments and the public can take to reduce the risks to heart health posed by tobacco. World No Tobacco Day 2018 was also an opportunity to bolster commitment and empower the cardiovascular community in the fight against tobacco. Cardiovascular disease kills more people than any other cause of death worldwide, and tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure contribute to approximately 12% of all heart World Heart Federation I 32, rue de Malatrex I 1201 Geneva I Switzerland Tel: +41 22 807 03 20 I Fax: +41 22 807 03 39 I [email protected] I www.worldheart.org disease deaths. Tobacco use is also the second leading cause of CVD, after high blood pressure. Despite the known harms of tobacco to heart health, and the availability of solutions to reduce related death and disease, knowledge among large sections of the public that tobacco is one of the leading causes of CVD is low. -
World No Tobacco Day 2021: Joining Forces for Tobacco Control
Editorial Tobacco Prevention & Cessation World No Tobacco Day 2021: Joining forces for tobacco control Anil D’Cruz1 As an oncologist with over 30 years of experience, it is distressing that most cancers are linked to tobacco use and therefore preventable1. These figures have AFFILIATION remained largely unchanged over the years. Of the lung cancer cases 80–85% are 1 Union for International Cancer attributed to tobacco smoking2. Tobacco use accounts annually for 11% of all new Control, Geneva, Switzerland 3 cases and 18% of all cancer deaths globally . While there have been significant CORRESPONDENCE TO efforts worldwide to decrease tobacco use, a lot more needs to be done. The Anil D’Cruz. Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, theme for this year’s World No Tobacco Day, ‘Commit to Quit’, draws attention to Switzerland. E-mail: advocacy@ the need to help and support those addicted to quit the habit, a largely neglected uicc.org yet very important measure to decrease use. KEYWORDS Tobacco causes 8 million deaths per year, 3 million of which are from cancer. cancer control, WNTD, cancer, FCTC Secondhand smoke kills over 1 million people per year, including 65000 Received: 27 May 2021 children. There are 1.3 billion smokers globally, with 80% living in LMICs. In Accepted: 28 May 2021 addition, many in the South-East Asian region use smokeless tobacco, the main cause for the high incidence of head and neck cancers in the region4. Tobacco not only affects the health of people, but also costs countries money in terms of healthcare costs and lost productivity. -
The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Life Expectancy Between 1980 and 2010: a Global Perspective E Rentería,1 P Jha,2 D Forman,1 I Soerjomataram1
Downloaded from http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ on June 30, 2017 - Published by group.bmj.com Research paper The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy between 1980 and 2010: a global perspective E Rentería,1 P Jha,2 D Forman,1 I Soerjomataram1 ▸ Additional material is ABSTRACT variation in the distribution of cause-specific published online only. To view Introduction Tobacco smoking is among the leading deaths5 are some of the challenges in the applica- please visit the journal online (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ causes of preventable mortality worldwide. We assessed tion of these methods to data from LMICs. tobaccocontrol-2015-052265). the impact of smoking on life expectancy worldwide This study aims to estimate the impact of smoking 1 between 1980 and 2010. on life expectancy worldwide and the trends over Section of Cancer fi Surveillance, International Methods We retrieved cause-speci c mortality data time between 1980 and 2010. We propose a revi- Agency for Research on from the WHO Mortality Database by sex, year and age sion of the original method developed by Peto and Cancer, Lyon, France for 63 countries with high or moderate quality data colleagues that takes into account national accumu- 2 Centre for Global Health (1980–2010). Using the time of the peak of the lated exposure to smoking and smoking-related risk Research (CGHR), St. Michael’s smoking epidemic by country, relative risks from the of dying, anchored to the country’s position within Hospital and Dalla Lana School 6 of Public Health, University of three waves of the Cancer Prevention Study were applied the smoking epidemic continuum. -
Smoking in China: Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Smoking in China Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey Gonghuan Yang, MD Context As the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China Lixin Fan, MS bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease and may be experiencing a tobacco epidemic. Jian Tan, MD Objective To develop an evidence-based approach supporting tobacco control ini- Guoming Qi, MD tiatives in China. Yifang Zhang, MD Design and Setting A population-based survey consisting of a 52-item question- Jonathan M. Samet, MD, MS naire that included information on demographics, smoking history, smoking-related knowl- edge and attitudes, cessation, passive smoke exposure, and health status was adminis- Carl E. Taylor, MD, DrPH tered in 145 disease surveillance points in the 30 provinces of China from March through Karen Becker, DVM, MPH July 1996. Jing Xu, MS, MSPH Participants A nationally representative random sample of 128 766 persons aged 15 to 69 years were asked to participate; 120 298 (93.8%) provided data and were S THE WORLD’S LARGEST PRO- included in the final analysis. About two thirds of those sampled were from rural areas ducer and consumer of to- and one third were from urban areas. bacco, China bears a substan- Main Outcome Measures Current smoking patterns and attitudes; changes in smok- tial proportion of the global ing patterns and attitudes compared with results of a previous national survey con- burdenA of smoking-related disease.1 Of ducted in 1984. China’s population of 1.2 billion, more Results A total of 41 187 respondents smoked at least 1 cigarette per day, account- than 300 million men and 20 million ing for 34.1% of the total number of respondents, an increase of 3.4 percentage points women are smokers, making China the since 1984. -
World No Tobacco Day Article
World No Tobacco Day, May 31, 2007 Edited by: Adnan Hammad, Ph.D., Director Community Health and Research center Elizabeth Hughes, MPH, Healthy Kids Program Coordinator Every year on May 31st, the World Health Organization sponsors the World No Tobacco Day to increase public awareness of the effects tobacco has on the world’s health and to encourage government to develop and enforce stronger tobacco product regulations. This year’s World No Tobacco Day focuses on 100% smoke-free environments as the only effective measure to protect the public from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke. While World No Tobacco Day may have just passed it is important to keep in mind the dangers and breadth of the tobacco use. Fact 1 Tobacco: A killer epidemic and problem for everyone Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world killing half of today’s 650 million regular smokers and hundreds of thousands of non-smokers each year. The epidemic is expected to continue growing, in effect, killing 250 million of today’s children and adolescents over the span of their lifetime. Current trends show that within the next 15 – 20 years, tobacco is likely to be the world’s leading cause of death and disability, killing more than 10 million people each year. That’s more lives claimed annually than HIV, tuberculosis, maternal mortality, motor vehicle accidents, suicide, and homicide combined. Of these deaths, 70% occur in developing countries. Despite widespread knowledge of the harm caused by smoking, only modest success has been achieved in global tobacco control. -
An Analysis of Life-Course Smoking Behavior in China
HEALTH ECONOMICS Health Econ. 18: S147–S156 (2009) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hec.1507 AN ANALYSIS OF LIFE-COURSE SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN CHINA DON KENKELa,b, DEAN R. LILLARDa,c,Ã and FENG LIUd aCornell University, Policy Analysis and Management, NY, USA bNational Bureau of Economic Research, USA cDeutsches Institu¨tfu¨r Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin dShanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China SUMMARY With a total population of more than 1.3 billion people where more than 31% of adults smoke, China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of cigarettes. We adopt a life-course perspective to study the economics of smoking behavior in China. We use data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to follow individuals over their whole lives and to analyze their decisions to both start and stop smoking. We extend the small but growing body of economic research on smoking in China. Our life-course approach emphasizes that current smoking participation reflects a decision to start and a series of past decisions to not quit. We explore how the determinants of smoking initiation differ from the determinants of smoking cessation. We find results, consistent with some previous empirical evidence, that Chinese smoking is not strongly related to the price of cigarettes. Based on our results, we offer some speculative hypotheses that, we hope, might guide future research on the economics of smoking in China. It seems especially useful to compare the broad patterns we document with the experiences of other countries. Copyright r 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -
Chapter 11 Smoking and Oral Tobacco
Chapter 11 Smoking and oral tobacco use Majid Ezzati and Alan D. Lopez Summary Smoking has been causally associated with increased mortality from several diseases. This chapter provides global and regional estimates of premature mortality and disease burden in 2000 caused by tobacco use, including an analysis of uncertainty. It also describes a method for esti- mating the future burden of disease that could be avoided through smoking cessation or prevention. Comparable data, especially age-specific data, on the prevalence of smoking are often unavailable or inaccurate. More importantly, current prevalence of smoking is a poor proxy for cumulative hazards of smoking, which depend on factors such as age at which smoking began, duration of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, cigarette characteristics such as tar and nicotine content or filter type, and smoking behaviour such as degree of inhalation. We used the smoking impact ratio (SIR) as a marker for accumulated smoking risk. SIR uses lung cancer mortality in excess of never-smokers as a biological marker for accumulated hazards of smoking. Lung cancer mortality data were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) mortality database. Never- smoker lung cancer mortality rates were estimated based on the house- hold use of coal in unvented stoves for each subregion.1 Age–sex-specific SIR was divided into three categories: zero, medium (0 < SIR £ 0.5), and high (0.5 < SIR £ 1.0). Estimates of mortality and disease burden due to smoking were made for lung cancer, upper aerodigestive cancer, all other cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other respiratory diseases, car- diovascular diseases and selected other medical causes. -
Smoke-Free Movies: from Evidence to Action Smoke-Free Movies: from Evidence to Action
THIRD EDITION SMOKE-FREE MOVIES: FROM EVIDENCE TO ACTION SMOKE-FREE MOVIES: FROM EVIDENCE TO ACTION 3RD EDITION WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Smoke-free movies: from evidence to action. Third edition 1.Smoking - etiology. 2.Tobacco industry. 3.Imitative behavior. 4.Risk factors. 5.Lobbying. 6.Motion pictures as topic. I.World Health Organization. II.WHO Tobacco Free Initiative. ISBN 978 92 4 150959 6 (NLM classification: HV 5745) ISBN 978 92 4 069539 9 (ePub) © World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.