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Os Nomes Galegos Das Algas 2020 4ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Das Algas 2020 4ª Ed Os nomes galegos das algas 2020 4ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20204): Os nomes galegos das algas. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga!/wp"content/up!oads/achave_osnomes a!egosdas#a! as#2020#4.pd$ Fotografía: argazo (Laminaria spp. ). Autor: Jordi Colàs. %sta o&ra est' su(eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a&erto) con reco*ecemento da autor+a e sen o&ra derivada nin usos comerciais. ,esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/&-"nc-nd/4.0/deed. !. Licenza comp!eta: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/&-"nc-nd/4.0/!e a!code.!an ua es. 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont n este documento Na primeira edición deste documento (2015) fornecéronse denominacións para as especies de algas galegas (e) ou europeas, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ám ito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese culinario ou industrial, polas súas peculiaridades iolóxicas ou por seren moi com"ns noutras áreas xeográficas)# Na segunda edición (2018) agregáronse máis nomes galegos !ernáculos para algunhas especies, principalmente procedentes do galego de %sturias, e incluíronse no!as referencias i liográficas# Na terceira edición (2020) incorpórase o logo da 'ha!e ao deseño do documento e engádese algún nome galego# Na cuarta edición (2020) engádese a&nda algún nome galego máis, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas e reescr& ense as notas introdutorias# )áis completa *ue as anteriores, nesta no!a edición achéganse nomes galegos para 11+ especies de algas# A estrutura ,n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica *ue considera as clases, ordes e familias de algas, onde se apunta, de maneira xeral, os nomes das algas *ue hai en cada familia# % seguir !én o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome cient&fico, os nomes galegos e ingleses das algas (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo delas)# Nesta listaxe espec&fica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas# %o final anótanse as referencias ibliográficas *ue foron utilizadas para a ela oración do presente documento# Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para as algas, *uer xenéricos *uer espec&ficos# Outras referencias achegan nomes para as algas noutras linguas, *ue tamén foron tidos en conta# %lén diso, inclúense algunhas referencias ásicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados# 2 !ratamento terminolóxico .rocurouse en primeiro lugar nos nomes !ernáculos galegos# Existe en galego unha montoeira de nomes para as especies de algas# En moitos casos trátase de nomes xenéricos, é dicir, aplicá eis a grupos de especies / touca, para algas *ue poden lem rar unha peza de tea polo seu aspecto, como algunhas do xénero Ulva 0 !erdello, para as algas do xénero Ulva con forma de folla ou pano 0 limocán, para as algas !erdes do xénero Ulva con forma de f&o ou pelo 0 ocho e otella, en xeral para as algas do xénero Fucus 0 marfollo, marfullo ou marmulo, igualmente para algunhas algas do xénero Fucus , a&nda *ue tamén para outras especies 0 argazo, para algas laminariáceas, principalmente do xénero Laminaria, a&nda *ue tamén para outras especies semellantes 0 folla e follada, tamén para algas laminariáceas 0 ta orra, para as algas do xénero Codium *ue tipicamente teñen aspecto de cordóns ramificados, con formas *ue semellan dedos 0 lixos, para algas !ermellas filamentosas, caracteristicamente as liagoráceas 0 cotón, para algas de aspecto cotonoso, como as a undantes Ectocarpus spp# 0 ra o de raposo, nome con frecuencia asignado ás especies do xénero Cystoseira etc# %demais, existen no léxico !ernáculo nomes espec&ficos de algas, *ue se refiren a unha especie concreta, como por exemplo argazo ra!o para Saccorhiza polyschides (=Saccorhiza bulbosa), craca para Lithophyllum incrustans, ramallo do mar para Codium tomentosum, gusmo para Codium adhaerens, fiúncho do mar para Ceramium rubrum, ra iza e piola para Chorda filum, faixa para Saccharina latissima (=Laminaria saccharina), marfollo de xorra para Furcellaria fastigiata (=Furcellaria lumbricalis)0 *ueimella, entre outros nomes, para Desmarestia aculeata etc# 2amén se tiveron en consideración nomes recollidos do galego de %sturias, como por exemplo gamallo, para algas laminariáceas 0 cincho para Saccorhiza polyschides (=Saccorhiza bulbosa) e tamén cinchón para outras especies laminariáceas0 !erd&n, para as algas do xénero Pleurococcus 0 meruxa para sparagopsis armata (=Fal!enbergia rufolanosa) etc#, incluídos neste recurso léxico como sinónimos doutros nomes galegos ou como nome principal, segundo as especies# 'ómpre salientar *ue algunhas denominacións galegas xa foron rexistradas e anotadas no século 34555 polos ilustrados 6armiento e 6o reira, tales como !erdello, correa, correola, argazo, sargazo ou golfe# O léxico galego do ám ito ficolóxico *ueda tamén reflectido no refraneiro popular/ "ar de andazo cospe argazo# .rocurouse as& mesmo na lusofonía# ,n liñas xerais, hai unha relativa correspondencia entre os nomes portugueses e os nomes galegos das algas# O uso das denominacións portuguesas touca, folha, folhinha ou folhada correspóndense pouco máis ou menos co uso das galegas touca, folla, follada ou follegada0 o dos nomes portugueses otelho e otelha correspóndense en oa medida co dos galegos otella e otelleira0 os nomes portugueses laminária, arga7o e sarga7o teñen a súa equivalencia cos galegos laminaria, argazo e sargazo0 as denominacións portuguesas golfo ou golfe son equivalentes ás galegas golfo ou golfe0 en portugués úsase o nome limo para algunhas algas, e en galego, de modo moi semellante, limo e limocán0 as algas do xénero Cystoseira reciben en portugués a denominación ra o8 de-raposa e en galego ra o de raposo0 galego e portugués comparten o nome musgo da Irlanda e os doutras algas para as *ue tamén se usa o termo musgo etc# Non o stante, a correspondencia entre as 3 denominacións portuguesas e galegas non sempre é exacta, como acontece co nome meruge, *ue en portugués designa a alga !ermella xigartinácea Chondracanthus acicularis, e o nome meruxa, *ue no galego de %sturias designa a alga !ermella onnemaisonácea sparagopsis armata (=Fal!enbergia rufolanosa)# 6eguíndomos o criterio recollido nas #ormas ortogr$ficas e morfol%xicas do idioma galego (R%: e 5;:) do ano 200</ =.ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, nomeadamente no referido aos ám itos cient&fico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre *ue esta adopción non for contraria ás caracter&sticas estruturais do galego”, tómase neste recurso léxico o nome folluda do portugués para nomear algas anxiáceas (xéneros Porphyra e Pyropia )# ? un nome portugués exclusivo e en xeitoso para as algas destes xéneros, *ue teñen un aspecto de folla ou de moitas follas xuntas, e do mesmo modo en aca&do en galego# 9ecorreuse as& mesmo aos nomes cient&ficos, en lat&n# @este xeito, fornécense denominacións xenéricas, como ul!a para as especies do xénero Ulva, cistoseira para as especies do xénero Cystoseira ou aceta ularia para as especies do xénero cetabularia 0 nalgún caso, adáptandoa ao galego, como coralina para as algas do xénero Corallina ou grateloupa para as do xénero 'rateloupia (como tamén fai o francés para estas algas / grateloupe, nomes todos, tanto o cient&fico como os comúns, en honra do algólogo francés Aean-.ierre 6Bl!estre de :rateloup )# %lgunhas destas denominacións (como ul!a ou coralina) xa se teñen usado en ám itos terminolóxicos galegos ou xa están recollidas nalgúns dicionarios galegos# % partir do nome cient&fico latino tamén se forman denominacións espec&ficas, como aceta ularia crenulada para cetabularia crenulata (crenulada/ serrada, *ue ten unha forma semellante aos dentes dunha serra), aceta ularia caliculada para cetabularia caliculus (caliculada/ *ue ten unha estrutura semellante ao cal&culo/ conxunto de rácteas *ue envol!e o cálice dalgunhas flores) etc# Un outro recurso foron denominacións !ernáculas doutras partes do planeta, nomeadamente algunhas procedentes do xaponés, adaptándoas ou traduc&ndoas para o galego, *ue tamén teñen sido adoptadas e adaptadas en moitos outros idiomas# %s&, por exemplo/ nori para algunhas especies do xénero Pyropia (algas !ermellas), de maneira particular para Pyropia tenera 0 nori !erde para as especies do xénero Ulva *ue teñen forma de f&o ou pelo (algas !erdes), e de maneira particular Ulva compressa 0 funori para as especies do xénero 'loiopeltis (algas !ermellas) 0 DaEame para Undaria pinnatifida (alga castaña)0 arame para Eisenia bicyclis (alga castaña) etc# .ara algas relativamente coñecidas, cando menos nos ám itos di!ulgativos, aplicáronse os mesmos nomes *ue, coincidentes, teñen en diversos idiomas, como por exemplo palmeira mariña ou palmeira do mar para Postelsia palmaeformis (inglés / sea palm ou palm seaweed 0 español / palmera de mar ou palma de mar , por causa da súa forma, como tamén indica o nome cient&fico) , ra o de pa!ón para Padina pavonica (inglés / peacoc!)s tail 0 francés / padine *ueue-de-paon, por lem rar o aspecto dun ra o de pa!ón a erto, como tamén indica o nome cient&fico ) , !ergallo de oi para #ereocystis luet!eana (inglés / bullwhip !elp ou bull !elp 0 francés / varech géant de taureau, por semellar este tipo de látego, cando *ueda despro!ista das follas ), toalla turca para Chondracanthus exasperatus (inglés / -ur!ish towel 0 francés / serviette tur*ue, polo seu aspecto ) etc# 4 #s$ecies con máis dun nome % lingua galega é extraordinariamente
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