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Diversidad De Especies De Porphyra Y Pyropia (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) De Marcona (Ica, Perú) Bajo La Evidencia Molecular

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Diversidad De Especies De Porphyra Y Pyropia (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) De Marcona (Ica, Perú) Bajo La Evidencia Molecular Márquez et al.: Porphyra y Pyropia en Marcona, Perú Arnaldoa 26 (2): 623-642, 2019 ISSN: 1815-8242 (edición impresa) http://doi.org/10.22497/arnaldoa.261.26207 ISSN: 2413-3299 (edición online) Diversidad de especies de Porphyra y Pyropia (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) de Marcona (Ica, Perú) bajo la evidencia molecular Species diversity in Porphyra and Pyropia (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Marcona (Ica, Peru) according to molecular evidence Diego Márquez Corigliano Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Av. La Molina S/N, Lima, PERÚDepartamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, CHILE [email protected] Natalia Arakaki Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto del Mar del Perú. Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n, Callao, PERÚ [email protected] Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Patricia Gil Kodaka Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Av. La Molina S/N, Lima, PERÚ [email protected] Florence Tellier Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, CHILE [email protected] 26 (2): Mayo - Agosto, 2019 623 Márquez et al.: Porphyra y Pyropia en Marcona, Perú Recibido: 11-IV-2019; aceptado: 17-V-2019; publicado online: 15-VIII-2019; publicado impreso: 31-VIII-2019 Resumen La sistemática de Bangiales foliosas ha tenido cambios significativos a nivel global, debido a la inclusión de nuevos géneros, como Pyropia, y la incorporación de la evidencia molecular. En Chile, la aplicación de herramientas moleculares ha evidenciado una alta diversidad de especies de los géneros Porphyra y Pyropia, con delimitaciones de especies que no corresponden a las especies definidas con base en caracteres morfológicos. En el Perú, los registros históricos reconocen cinco especies de Porphyra; sin embargo, su estatus taxonómico aún no ha sido contrastado profundamente con la evidencia molecular. Por ello, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo explorar la diversidad local de las especies de los géneros Porphyra y Pyropia en Marcona, Perú, caracterizando 11 especímenes con los marcadores mitocondrial COI y cloroplastidial rbcL. El análisis filogenético identificó una especie de Porphyra (Porphyra sp. CHF) y tres especies de Pyropia (Pyropia orbicularis, Py. suborbiculata y Pyropia sp. CHI). No hubo coincidencia con los registros históricos de Porphyra. Tres de las cuatro especies encontradas tienen un rango de distribución que comprende Chile y Perú. Este trabajo es un primer avance hacia una caracterización de la diversidad específica del recurso algal conocido en Perú como “cochayuyo”. Palabras clave: COI, filogenia, identificación de especies,rbc L. Abstract The systematic of bladed Bangiales is suffering significant changes at a global level, due to the inclusion of new genera, such as Pyropia, and the incorporation of molecular evidence. In Chile, the application of molecular tools has shown a high diversity of species in genera Porphyra and Pyropia, with species delimitations that do not correspond to species defined on the basis of morphological characters. In Peru, historical records recognized five species ofPorphyra , however, their taxonomic status has not yet been deeply contrasted with molecular evidence. Therefore, this work aimed to explore the local diversity of species of Porphyra and Pyropia in Marcona, Peru, characterizing 11 specimens with the mitochondrial and chloroplast markers COI and rbcL respectively. The phylogenetic analysis identified one species of Porphyra (Porphyra sp. CHF) and three Pyropia species (Pyropia orbicularis, Py. suborbiculata and Pyropia sp. CHI). There were no coincidences with the historical records of Porphyra. Three of the four species found have a distribution range encompassing Chile and Peru. This work is a first step towards a characterization of the specific diversity of the algal resource known as “cochayuyo” in Peru. Keywords: COI, phylogeny, species identification, rbcL. Citación: Márquez, D.; N. Arakaki; P. Gil & F. Tellier. 2019. Diversidad de especies de Porphyra y Pyropia (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) de Marcona (Ica, Perú) bajo la evidencia molecular. Arnaldoa 26 (2): 623-642 http://doi.org/10.22497/arnaldoa.262.26207 Introducción segundo género con mayor diversidad, con 58 especies aceptadas taxonómicamente A través de los análisis moleculares (Guiry & Guiry, 2019). se han establecido nuevos géneros de algas rojas filamentosas y foliosas de la Porphyra y Pyropia han sido registrados familia Bangiaceae, siendo muchos de en todos los océanos del mundo y han ellos monotípicos (Sutherland et al., 2011; sido incluidos en estudios taxonómicos Sánchez et al., 2014). De los ocho géneros moleculares y de discriminación de foliosos reconocidos, Pyropia es el género especies de las Bangiales foliosas, tanto con mayor diversidad dentro de la familia, a nivel global como regional (ej. Brodie con 74 especies, mientras que Porphyra es el et al., 2008; Mols-Mortensen et al., 2014). 624 26 (2): Mayo - Agosto, 2019 Márquez et al.: Porphyra y Pyropia en Marcona, Perú Dichos estudios indican que la simplicidad y otra en la costa central (Ancón y Callao, morfológica que presentan las especies de Lima). Lamentablemente, estas secuencias estos géneros dificulta su identificación. no se encuentran depositadas en GenBank. En Chile, el género Pyropia fue abordado Las cinco especies de Porphyra por primera vez con herramientas registradas para la costa peruana en base moleculares por Ramírez et al. (2014), a morfología son: P. columbina Montagne, con la descripción de Pyropia orbicularis P. umbilicalis (Linnaeus) Kützing, P. M. E. Ramírez, L. Contreras Porcia y pseudolanceolata Krishnamurthy, P. tenera M.-L. Guillemin, en base al marcador Kjellmae y P. thuretii Dawson (Ramírez cloroplastidial rbcL (ribulosa 1.5-bifosfato & Santelices, 1991). Aún mantienen su carboxilasa/oxidasa subunidad mayor). estatus genérico a pesar que los análisis Posteriormente, en la costa chilena, filogenéticos realizados con el material tipo Guillemin et al. (2016) estimaron una (procedente de otras regiones del mundo) alta diversidad de especies foliosas de indican que estas especies corresponden Bangiales en base a rbcL y al marcador al género Pyropia, excepto P. umbilicalis mitocondrial COI (citocromo oxidasa I), que pertenecería al género Porphyra con la delimitación de ocho especies de (Sutherland et al., 2011). Porphyra (Porphyra munfordii, Porphyra Para poder contrastar esta información sp. CHB, Porphyra sp. CHC, Porphyra y poder estimar la verdadera diversidad sp. CHD, Porphyra sp. CHE, Porphyra de estas algas en la costa peruana es sp. CHF, Porphyra sp. FIG y Porphyra sp. necesario realizar análisis moleculares y FIH) y ocho especies de Pyropia (Pyropia morfológicos detallados. sp. CHG, Pyropia sp. CHH, Pyropia sp. CHI, Pyropia sp. CHJ, Pyropia sp. CHK, El presente trabajo reporta una Pyropia sp. FIA y Pyropia sp. FID). Ninguna primera aproximación a la diversidad de las especies de Porphyra catalogadas de Pyropia/Porphyra en el sur del Perú, por Ramírez & Santelices (1991) para en el distrito de Marcona, utilizando el Chile coincidió con una de las especies marcador mitocondrial COI y el marcador determinadas molecularmente, denotando cloroplastidial rbcL. Dentro de estos el problema de distinguir las especies géneros se comercializan especies para en base a morfología y el mal uso de los consumo humano directo con el nombre de nombres asignados a especímenes en “cochayuyo”, tanto en Marcona como en diferentes partes del mundo (Guillemin todo el sur del Perú. Según Acleto (1986), et al., 2016). Por el contrario, en el Perú las especies de mayor consumo son las que todavía no se ha realizado un estudio se conocen hasta ahora como P. columbina profundo de la sistemática molecular de y P. pseudolanceolata. Porphyra y Pyropia. Solo Calderón (2017), Materiales y métodos al realizar un análisis filogenético de las secuencias rbcL de cinco especímenes Colecta y preservación de muestras foliosos pertenecientes a Bangiaceae, El muestreo fue realizado durante los sugirió la presencia de P. munfordii en la años 2016 y 2017, en cuatro localidades costa norte (Salaverry, La Libertad) y dos del distrito de Marcona (Ica, Perú): Bahía especies no identificadas de Pyropia, una San Nicolás, Playa Siete Huecos, Playa en la costa norte (Salaverry, La Libertad) Hermosa y Playa Los Leones (Fig. 1, 26 (2): Mayo - Agosto, 2019 625 Márquez et al.: Porphyra y Pyropia en Marcona, Perú Tabla 1). El distrito de Marcona presenta Guaneras. La costa de este distrito está 110 km de línea costera, de los cuales 44 formada por grandes extensiones de están protegidos por ley, correspondiendo acantilados y arrecifes que albergan una la parte norte del distrito a la Reserva rica biodiversidad de recursos pesqueros; Nacional San Fernando y la parte sur, sus playas ofrecen ensenadas y diversidad en la Punta San Juan, a la Reserva de hábitats (IMARPE, 2010) Nacional Sistema de Islas, Islotes y Puntas Fig. 1. Mapa de la región Ica mostrando la provincia de Nasca en el extremo sur (izquierda) y mapa de la provincia de Nasca (derecha), resaltando el distrito de Marcona con las localidades de colecta de especímenes foliosos de la familia Bangiaceae. 626 26 (2): Mayo - Agosto, 2019 Márquez et al.: Porphyra y Pyropia en Marcona, Perú Tabla 1. Información de colecta de los especímenes foliosos de la familia Bangiaceae en el distrito de Marcona. Código de Colecta Datos de Colección (fecha, localidad, colec- Coordenadas tores) BSN-247 29/04/2016 Playa Bahía San Nicolás. M. 15°40.33’S /75°19.51’O Perez-Alania y N. Arakaki LL-167 27/04/2016 Playa Los Leones. M. Perez- 15°55.33’S /75°19.52’O Alania y N. Arakaki SH-775 21/10/2016 Playa Siete Huecos. M. Perez- 15°23.11’S /75°09.54’O Alania y N. Arakaki Psp-ph-1 3/09/2017 Playa Hermosa. D. Márquez- 15°23.42’S /75°10.30’O Corigliano y G. Vega-Abad Psp-ph-2 3/09/2017 Playa Hermosa. D. Márquez- 15°23.42’S /75°10.30’O Corigliano y G. Vega-Abad Psp-ph-4 3/09/2017 Playa Hermosa.
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