1 RECONSTRUCTING RACE by Elliott West, Distinguished
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Independent Freedpeople of the Five Slaveholding Tribes
Anderson 1 “On the Forty Acres that the Government Give Me”1: Independent Freedpeople of the Five Slaveholding Tribes as Landholders, Indigenous Land Allotment Policy, and the Disruption of Racial, Gender, and Class Hierarchies in Jim Crow Oklahoma Keziah Anderson Undergraduate Senior Thesis Department of History Columbia University April 15th, 2020 Seminar Advisor: Professor George Chauncey Second Reader: Professor Celia Naylor 1 Kiziah Love, interview with Jessie R. Ervin, spring 1937, Colbert, OK, in The WPA Oklahoma Slave Narratives, ed. T. Lindsay Baker and Julie Philips Baker (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 262. See Appendix 6 for a full transcript of Kiziah Love’s slave narrative. © 2020 Anderson 2 - Notice - None of the work included in this document may be cited or quoted without express written permission from the author. © 2020 Anderson 3 - Table of Contents - Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5-15 Chapter 1: “You’ve an Indian Not a Negro”: Racecraft, 15-36 Land Allotment Policy, and Class Inequalities in Post-Allotment and Post-Statehood Oklahoma Racecraft and Land Use in the Pre-Allotment Period 15 Racecraft, Blood Quantum, and Ideology in the Jim Crow South & Indian Territory 18 Racecraft in the Allotment Process: Blood Quanta, One-Drop-of-Blood Rules, and Land Land Allotments, Indigeneity, and Racecraft in Post-Statehood Oklahoma 25 Chapter 2: The Reshaping of Gender in the Post-Allotment and 38-51 Post-Statehood Period: Independent Freedwomen Landowners, the (Re)Establishment of Black Infrastructure, and -
'They Made Gullah': Modernist Primitivists and The
“ ‘They Made Gullah’: Modernist Primitivists and the Discovery and Creation of Sapelo Island, Georgia’s Gullah Community, 1915-1991” By Melissa L. Cooper A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in History written under the direction of Dr. Mia Bay and approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey January 2012 2012 Melissa L. Cooper ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION “ ‘They Made Gullah’: Modernist Primitivists and the Discovery and Creation of Sapelo Island, Georgia’s Gullah Community, 1915-1991” by Melissa L. Cooper Dissertation Director: Dr. Mia Bay ABSTRACT: The history of Sapelo Islanders in published works reveals a complex cast of characters, each one working through ideas about racial distinction and inheritance; African culture and spirituality; and the legacy of slavery during the most turbulent years in America’s race-making history. Feuding social scientists, adventure seeking journalists, amateur folklorists, and other writers, initiated and shaped the perception of Sapelo Islanders’ distinct connection to Africa during the 1920s and 1930s, and labeled them “Gullah.” These researchers characterized the “Gullah,” as being uniquely connected to their African past, and as a population among whom African “survivals” were readily observable. This dissertation argues that the popular view of Sapelo Islanders’ “uniqueness” was the product of changing formulations about race and racial distinction in America. Consequently, the “discovery” of Sapelo Island’s Gullah folk was more a sign of times than an anthropological discovery. This dissertation interrogates the intellectual motives of the researchers and writers who have explored Sapelo Islanders in their works, and argues that the advent of American Modernism, the development of new social scientific theories and popular cultural works during the 1920s and 1930s, and other trends shaped their depictions. -
Medical Racism's Poison
Kenny racism 2016.06.19 Page 1 of 44 Medical Racism’s Poison Pen: The Toxic World of Dr. Henry Ramsay Stephen C. Kenny Unlike many of his physician tutors and student peers, Henry Ramsay, who was a graduate of the Medical College of Georgia, did not manage to defend his white racial capital and status as a slaveholder by serving in the Confederacy. In fact, Ramsay did not even live long enough to see Georgia’s ordinance of secession passed in Milledgeville in January 1861. As the American Medical Gazette commented in a brief obituary notice, “the wayward history of this eccentric and unfortunate man” instead saw a “melancholy termination.” Suggesting widespread public curiosity as to his fate, on September 12, 1856, the Lowell Daily Citizen and News reported that Henry Ramsay had “poisoned himself in his cell, by mixing seeds of the Jamestown weed in a cup of coffee.” With a promise to return to some of Ramsay’s troubling personal foibles, this essay concentrates on medical racism, as seen through the decidedly ordinary and representative career of this slaveholding Southern “country doctor.” John Hoberman, in Black and Blue, a comprehensive survey and analysis of mainstream medicine’s incorporation, development and dissemination of white racial prejudices in the twentieth century, defined the problem as stemming from a fundamental belief of Western racism: “that blacks and whites are opposite racial types, and . that black human beings are less complex organisms than white human beings.” In tandem, these deep-seated racial notions underpinned the fabrication of “a racially differentiated human biology that has suffused the tissues, fluids, bones, nerves, and organ systems of the human body with Kenny racism 2016.06.19 Page 2 of 44 racial meanings” which had a profound effect on medical thought and practice (Hoberman 66). -
The German Influence on the Life and Thought of W.E.B. Dubois. Michaela C
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 2001 The German influence on the life and thought of W.E.B. DuBois. Michaela C. Orizu University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Orizu, Michaela C., "The German influence on the life and thought of W.E.B. DuBois." (2001). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2566. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2566 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GERMAN INFLUENCE ON THE LIFE AND THOUGHT OF W. E. B. DU BOIS A Thesis Presented by MICHAELA C. ORIZU Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS February 2001 Political Science THE GERMAN INFLUENCE ON THE LIE AND THOUGHT OF W. E. B. DU BOIS A Master’s Thesis Presented by MICHAELA C. ORIZU Approved as to style and content by; Dean Robinson, Chair t William Strickland, Member / Jerome Mileur, Member ad. Department of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I like would to thank my advisors William Strickland and Dean Robinson for their guidance, insight and patient support during this project as well as for the inspiring classes they offered. Many thanks also to Prof. Jerome Mileur for taking interest in my work and joining my thesis committee at such short notice. -
In This Issue… Shake Local Power of the Collective
Washtenaw Jewish News Presort Standard In this issue… c/o Jewish Federation of Greater Ann Arbor U.S. Postage PAID 2939 Birch Hollow Drive Ann Arbor, MI Tavor Looking Harold Ann Arbor, MI 48108 Permit No. 85 Musicale For Grinspoon Rose page 6 page 8 page 20 October 2020 Tishrei/Cheshvan 5781 Volume XX Number 2 FREE Shake Local By Rabbi Nate DeGroot and Hazon Detroit tic core, the particular species that are to be 50 metric tons of carbon pollution. Does that to Michigan’s local plant-life, while honoring ur rabbis say (Tosafot, Suk. 37b) shaken. That was a later rabbinic interpreta- add to the joy of the singing trees? Shaking a the Torah roots of the lulav instruction? that when we shake the lulav tion and discussion. So then, returning to our bundle of plant life where only one of the four On Sukkot, we shake the lulav to bring O and etrog on Sukkot, “the trees original question: What are the conditions species, willow, grows in Michigan — does down rain from the sky to water our crops of the forest sing with joy.” So that got us and give us new life come spring. Do we to wondering, what are the conditions that think we’ll be able to conjure more rain with might allow the trees around us to sing with plants that are foreign to this soil, or plants the greatest amount of joy during the holi- that were once rooted in this soil? We asked: day season? In a normal year on Sukkot, the How might using local lulavim impact our United States imports upwards of 500,000 ability to connect with the earth that sur- lulavim from Israel and Egypt so that we can rounds us and how might using local lulavim construct our traditional lulavim bundles us- impact the forest’s ability to “sing with joy”? ing the familiar palm fronds, willow, myrtle, With all of this in mind, last year Hazon and citron. -
The African American Experience and the Creek
The African American Experience and the Creek War, 1813-14: An Annotated Bibliography Task Agreement NumberP16AC01696 Under Cooperative Agreement Number P13AC00443 Between The United States Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service Horseshoe Bend National Military Park and Auburn University August 8, 2017 Report Prepared By Kathryn H. Braund Hollifield Professor of Southern History Auburn University Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 3 Essay on Sources .............................................................................. 4 Annotated Bibliography ............................................................. 38 Manuscript Primary Sources ..................................... 39 Published Primary Sources ........................................ 56 Primary Sources: Internet Databases .................... 78 Newspapers and Periodicals ..................................... 83 Illustrations, Maps, and Photographs .................... 86 Secondary Sources ......................................................... 89 Tertiary Sources .......................................................... 113 Note on Accompanying Documents ................................... 115 2 INTRODUCTION This project sought to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary sources related to the experience of African-Americans prior to, during, and after the Creek War (1813-1814) and the War of 1812. For the period immediately following the Creek War, the project also sought information -
British Identity and the German Other William F
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 British identity and the German other William F. Bertolette Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Bertolette, William F., "British identity and the German other" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2726. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2726 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BRITISH IDENTITY AND THE GERMAN OTHER A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by William F. Bertolette B.A., California State University at Hayward, 1975 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2004 May 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the LSU History Department for supporting the completion of this work. I also wish to express my gratitude for the instructive guidance of my thesis committee: Drs. David F. Lindenfeld, Victor L. Stater and Meredith Veldman. Dr. Veldman deserves a special thanks for her editorial insights -
Does Indian Blood Look Like? SOURCE: Ebony 63 No6 Ap 2008
\J -,BAX TAT SITS OF ]F USE HER FATHER-CREK SMP D R EODORE GR-AHA-BUILT IN CRi TERRITORY SHE LIVES THERE STILL ik In Oklahoma City, Marilyn Vann, who is one of the leaders seeking Cherokee Freedmen's rights, exhibits photos of her family and examples of Indian art. She is among a group of plaintiffs in two federal cases that could determine who's a part of the Cherokee tribe. Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw or Seminole Indians. Over the possible Indians be members of their tribe? If your great- years, the children of those Freedmen, as they were named grandmother was Cherokee and you are Black, are you even after the Civil War, have both won and lost their right to per- Cherokee anymore? Is it possible that the 1906 federal cen- manently lay claim to the tribes of their grandparents, and sus, now used by some as a tribal litmus test, is flawed? therefore access to health care, education and most important- And finally, if that census is flawed, then what is the basis for ly, heritage. Now they're looking for a permanent fix, and denying citizenship to Black people who grew up with Indians, Vann is leading the way. spoke an Indian language, ate Indian food, lived on Indian land As president of a group seeking Freedmen's rights, Vann is a and-unlike most Black people who claim Indian heritage- plaintiff in two pending federal cases in Washington, D.C. The actually have the documents to prove it? cases essentially seek to push the United States government to intervene and help determine who is in and who is out of the A TRAIL OF TEARS, BENEFITS AND MIXED BLOOD Cherokee tribe. -
©2007 Jeremy Matthew Glick All Rights Reserved
©2007 Jeremy Matthew Glick All Rights Reserved ‘TAKING UP ARMS AGAINST A SEA OF TROUBLES’: TRAGEDY AS HISTORY AND GENRE IN THE BLACK RADICAL TRADITION‘ by JEREMY MATTHEW GLICK A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Literatures in English Written under the direction of Professor Brent Hayes Edwards And approved by ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2007 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ‘TAKING UP ARMS AGAINST A SEA OF TROUBLES’: TRAGEDY AS HISTORY AND GENRE IN THE BLACK RADICAL TRADITION‘ By JEREMY MATTHEW GLICK Dissertation Director: Professor Brent Hayes Edwards This dissertation examines a sampling of twentieth century literature generated in and around the Haitian Revolution through the optic of tragedy. It examines the tension between leader and mass base during the revolutionary process in a sampling of Afro Caribbean, African American, and European modernist texts and how this tension relates to C.L.R. James’s definition of hamartia (tragic flaw), as formulated in his 1938 study The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. James modifies Aristotle’s understanding of hamartia in his Poetics to signify the degeneration of communication between leader and base in the making of modern day Haiti. The dramatic work and criticism of C.L.R. James, Eugene O’Neill, Paul Robeson, Edouard Glissant, and Lorraine Hansberry capitalize on this leader and base tension constitutive of Black radical aesthetic politics and attempt to stage a useful representation of the past, in service of their individual political desires. -
Elliott West, “Reconstructing Race” (2003)
Elliott West, “Reconstructing Race” (2003) Abstract Elliott West, historian and professor at the University of Arkansas, has written several books on the American West, including Growing Up With the Country: Childhood on the Far-Western Frontier (1989) and The Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to Colorado (1998). In this article, West examines the assumptions that underlie the master narrative of Reconstruction, highlighting the importance of a broader view of the period than offered by the typical postwar South narrative. Introduction The South thinks it is different from the rest of the country, and it is race that southerners use most often to explain their separateness. The tortured relations of black and white, slavery and its rage and guilt, the war that ended slavery and the tormented generations that followed, the centuries-long embrace, intimate and awful on so many levels—all that, we’re told, has set southerners apart and has made the South the central stage of America’s racial drama. Yet I have questions. I have no doubt that the South and southerners are peculiar, and I am sure that race helps explain how and why.1 My problem lies in how we have allowed the South to dominate the story of race in America. During what might be called the Greater Reconstruction, 1846-1877, territorial acquisitions as well as southern slavery forced a new racial dialogue between West and South, unsettled racial relations and presumptions, and finally led to a new racial order encompassing western as well as southern people of color. I would like to look again at race in America during the crucial middle years of the nineteenth century and wonder aloud what that story might look like if expanded to more of a continental perspective. -
Freedom and Identity in Post-Civil War Indian Territory and Oklahoma
119 CHAPTER 7 “It is Our Freedom that Makes Us Different”1: Freedom and Identity in Post-Civil War Indian Territory and Oklahoma Leroy Myers University of Oklahoma INTRODUCTION Decades after the Civil War, an 89-nine-year-old Lucinda Davis recalled her life as a slave in Indian Territory during the tumultuous 1860s. She had a Creek Indian owner and lived in the Creek Territory, located in the eastern portion of present-day Oklahoma. Her parents, also owned by Creeks, had different masters.2 At the war’s end, and like many formerly enslaved people, Davis reunited with her parents. But unlike the majority of emancipated slaves, freedom for former Creek slaves like the Davis family meant full membership in the Creek Nation. Full membership provided exclusive rights to tribal land and participation in the nation’s political culture. For Lucinda Davis, full membership allowed her to marry, own property, build a home, raise children, and freely live within Creek tradition. However, while the Davis family experienced full Creek citizenship most African Americans like A.G. Belton suffered from racial violence in the Deep South. In 1891, Belton proclaimed that “times are hard and getting harder every year we as a people 1 Portions of this essay appear in Leroy Myers “Land of the Fair God: the Development of Black Towns in Oklahoma, 1870-1907” (MA Thesis, University of Oklahoma, 2016). See “Interview with Miss Charles Emily Wilson, Black Seminole, Texas, 1992.” Quoted in Kenneth W. Porter [Alcione M. Amos and Thomas P. Senter, eds.] The Black Seminoles: History of a Freedom-Seeking People (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996), xii. -
Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship
Merle Kling Undergraduate Honors Fellowship slideshow& The INQUIRY Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Slideshow and The Inquiry The Journals of the Merle Kling Undergraduate Honors Fellowship and Mellon Mays Fellowship Programs Dedicated to Undergraduate Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences Published by The Center for the Humanities and the College of Arts and Sciences Washington University in St. Louis May 2012 contents Editor’s note __________________________________________________________ iv Foreword (Slideshow) ________________________________________________ v Gerald Early Merle Kling Professor of Modern Letters Faculty Director of the Merle Kling Undergraduate Honors Fellowship Program Director, The Center for the Humanities Washington University in St. Louis Violence In Ideology: The Meeting of Existentialism and Communism in Richard Wright’s The Outsider Stephen Aiken _____________________________________________________________ 1 Mapping the Sound: St. Louis’s Black Geographies and the Frameworks of Hip-Hop Annie-Rose Fondaw _______________________________________________________ 12 Re-thinking the “Black Hospital”: Race, Community, and Healing in the Jim Crow and Contemporary Eras Ezelle Sanford III __________________________________________________________25 Biographies for the authors of Slideshow _________________________________39 contents Foreword (The Inquiry) ____________________________________________ 41 Shanti A. Parikh Associate Professor of Anthropology and African & African American Studies Washington