Mechanical Design in Agricultural Machines
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(Mechanical Design in Agricultural Machines)
SECTION 1: ARGICULTURAL MACHINE and FUTURE TREND TYPES OF AGRICULTURE
According to its dependence of According to the scale of water: production and its relation to the market: Dry land farming Subsistence Irrigation farming Industrial agriculture
• As seeking maximum • According to method and performance or minimal use of objectives: other means of production, this will determine more or Traditional agriculture less ecological footprint: Industrial agriculture Intensive agriculture Extensive agriculture AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND TOOL
Tractor: is a very useful agricultural machine, with wheels or designed to move easily on the ground and pulling power enabling successful agricultural work, even in flooded fields. Walking Tractor: agricultural machine is a single axle and is operated by handles, have median motor power and strength led to horticultural and ornamental work, can work in strong fields, but is preferably used in construction of gardens.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND TOOL
Combine: or mower is a powerful engine agricultural machine, comb cutter to cut the plants mature grain and a long rake that goes before the machine and rotates about a horizontal axis. AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
• Farm equipment is a group of devices designed to open furrows in the ground, shredding, spraying and fertihzing the soil.
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Plough: agricultural equipment is designed to open furrows in the earth consists of a blade, fence, plough, bead, bed, wheel and handlebar, which serve to cut and level the land, hold parts of the plough, set shot and to serve as handle. There are various types of ploughs but the best known are: • Mouldboard plough, formed by the grating blade and mouldboard • Disc plough, disc concave formed by deep grooves to open • Shallow ploughing to remove the topsoil • Subsoil plough to remove the soil depth TGC I
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
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AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Drag: agricultural equipment is designed to break up the parts and parcels of land that have been removed by the plough, are composed of a frame, which can be made of wood and metal teeth and the latch that attaches to tractor. I m member &f HKtn^
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Sprayer: it is a farm equipment designed to spray, is composed of a liquid tank, pressure pump, cap, mouth, tank and pressure valve, belts, hose, faucet and nozzle v^here the liquid to spray out, is insecticide, fungicide or herbicide. The hand sprayer is placed in the back of the sprayer and this has placed in the mouth and nose a special mask to prevent strong odours dismissed by the substance that expels the sprayer wdll harm.
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AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
• Tillage planter: is a machine to place the seeds on the seedbed v^thout prior tillage. ivixecz
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Fertilizer: agricultural equipment is designed to distribute fertilizer is composed of three main parts: the hopper or storage of fertilizer, the drop tube of fertilizer and fertilizer distributor.
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AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
• equipmenPacking: t agriculturais designedl for packaging or packing cereal straw or other baled forage grasses (also called bales or alpacas). : TGC
FUTURE TRENDS in AGRICULTURE ENG.
• Automation • Robotics • Data Management • Electrification
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FUTURE TRENDS in AGRICULTURE ENG.
Automation: GPS control for wide planters, sprayers Headland management Selective weed control Autonomous tractors and machines FUTURE TRENDS in AGRICULTURE ENG.
Robotics: • Autonomous vehicles for seeding, weeding, fertilizing and spraying
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FUTURE TRENDS in AGRICULTURE ENG.
Data Management: Yield mapping Variable application rates < 0- Documentation A,at a Processing Traceability Internet Etc. -XV -XXX- Server
Owner of the Data FUTURE TRENDS in AGRICULTURE ENG.
Electrification: Fuel saving E>ftv<'Ulut Outplif Higher efficiency lllfKritrtvi* Drive controls Automatization J: Power split
Summation gear — !;lf>ctricai power
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EU - STRATEGIC RESEARCH for 2020
• Farming: The future farming in European is precision farming. There are two types, which are • Precision livestock farming • Precision crop farming EU - STRATEGIC RESEARCH for 2020
• Technology: Electronics, automation and robotics have been wddely used. Farm power and machinery have changed to used renewable energy source like bio-based synthetic fuel, hydrogen and fuel cell. Farm equipment will be more specialized and more optimized with high efficiency. Note: Many EU agriculture equipment manufacturers are still SME but they are technology-drive enterprise.
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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES and AUTOMATION in AGRI. MACHINE
• Examples of advanced precision agriculture components: combine harvestor, sprayer, and fertilizer spreader. • In order to control performance of these machines/equipments/components, several information need to be captured by sensors. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES and AUTOMATION in AGRI. MACHINE
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES and AUTOMATION in AGRI. MACHINE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES and AUTOMATION in AGRI. MACHINE
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES and AUTOMATION in AGRI. MACHINE
Processing of Reflection Measurements Setting Appropriate Spraying Action
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Reflection Measyifement SpVf ying Action EXAMPLES of COMMERCIAL ADVANCED AGRI. MACHINE
Intelligent Total Equipment Control (John Deere iTEC Pro™ Guidance Systems)
EXAMPLES of COMMERCIAL ADVANCED AGRI. MACHINE
Harvest Sensing and Control (New Holland CR 9000)
INTELLICRUISE™ EXAMPLES of COMMERCIAL ADVANCED AGRI. MACHINE
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Current Trend Summary
Machines are c^ZtMlgcl operated by humans EXAMPLES of NEXT GENERATION MACHINE
EXAMPLES Of NEXT GENERATION MACHINE !Tec
EXAMPLES of NEXT GENERATION MACHINE
Roboticlization Automaticlization
EXAMPLES of NEXT GENERATION MACHINE
• Roboticlization • Automaticlization EXAMPLES of NEXT GENERATION MACHINE
Roboticlization Automaticlization SECTION 2: ARGICULTURAL MACHINES for THAILAND
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AGRICULTURE in THAILAND
Sustainable Agriculture (miiPiT^^il'u):
Agroforestry (imnm'i) Integrated Farming (Lnw-i?i?w?5ww?n"u) The New Theory (mtJ^iTiqyglviJj) Organic Agriculture (tfiii^iSuTilEj') Natural Agriculture (miJ^iJiiUT^iiN^TUNttTU) AGRICULTURE in THAILAND
Thai's Agriculture: • Both dry and irrigation farming • Small industrial agriculture
• Change from "•innfi\4" to ""wnunvnn'u" • Should be "mm" plus "'nisJTHin'w"
LEAN PRINCIPLES in THAI'S AGRICULTURE
Womack and Jones (1996) identify the following 5 components of Lean: 1. Specify Value 2.Identify the Value Stream 3. Make Value flow without interruptions 4. Let the customer Pull Value 5. Pursue Perfection • Perfection is sought through the use of standards, kalzen/kaikaku, 5 Why's, 5S's, 5M's, and other nnethods of continuous improvement Creation of value
Raw material in Percentage of total throughput 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Product out S5 90 95 100 VC NeVC
Value Creation Necessery Value Crealion Not Value Creation Typical approach
VC NeVC
Lean approach
Minimize wastefulnessi
Valuestream mapping - present #2 mu,m mms( 2. i5iii.JjdlJd:> y SS^
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Kanban - Pull
Material Flow The target of production leveling: Every Part every Day! Heijunka = Production Leveling Tilursday B Wednesday A B C D iHl Tuesday B CFG Monday A B CiD lEs f 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 ^.17:00 ^ I Eg; dripping faucets, Waste 7+3 Wastefulness items dissappearing, Waiting .•^ ^ leakage of plant Note! Warning© KAIZEN = Continuous Improvement (CIP) ZEN = „for the better" Lean Thinlclng Employee Involvement Technology Flow • Tools to support Elimination of Waste people and process SECTION 3: ARGICULTURAL MACHINE DESIGN NEW CONCEPT for AGRL MACHINE INDUSTRY Sell Solution not Machine NEW CONCEPT for AGRI. MACHINE INDUSTRY Objective: • To develop solution for customer's need Constrains: • Performance / Machine capability • Weight / Size • Price / Cost • Operating cost • HMI • Maintainability • Agriculture type • Size of farm Etc. Mxec Meciisiiiical lofomialiwi syslems Ucsign Design modeling (Product melrics development) •ftcttnical Design systems specitlcallon RM-AMDP; Influencing factors in design Agricultural Agricultural mechanization mechanics Machines and Operaiions meclianizaiion Madiiiios and management (Agricultural perfonnaitce engineering) INFLUENCE FACTORS in AGRI. MACHINERY DSG. Operation environment Structures Managcnienl Crop agents Teclinicai Operations Strategy Plant issues management Knowledge Soil Learning Environment Design specification Influencing "Customer factors needs MXGC INFLUENCE FACTORS in AGRI. MACHINERY DSG. ^ Planning^^^^i™ Designing \ Project ^^nroi!i»lioreU\CotKeptual\i^liinina^ iSctailed Pilot T"\ ProjeciTX Project ^planning design / design / design ^ *^'-''^'g" /zi"^'!^!:'?'^ '""^ ^validation/ Iirecycle Infomuilion Gathers intrciducllan environment Back to development scope REFERENCE MODEL FOR AGRL MACHINE DEV. Agricultural machinery developmenl process Plannin";!""^^ Desjgnmj* linplementalion TJefflia" Pixijcctf 1 Business Management - BM j Project mansgemciit - PM > [MMceUnj! - MK [Pfiiduci design-PD ~T jManufaelurlngdesign - MD > j Supplies-SU > 1 Sarety-SY ~ ' " > ~J i^eiidAn^-DP „ > LAdmlnlsiralion-flnanehil - A!" ll'roducltan-FR After-sales-AS i: y Economic Investment Product Initial Project Project plan Concept specifications feasibility request release production closure ann>m»MT REFERENCE MODEL FOR AGRI. MACHINE DEV. Agrtcullunil machinery development process Planning^^ Designing !cl MlnformattonalH ConcepluapJ PreliniiOBry ing / design / design A design t.^ ^ , 4 , i Design Concept specifications Agricultural machitien- developm^nl process Planning Designing Impicmeniaiion In format iomil Conceptual I'feltminar)' Detailed Pilot Project pR^jccl planning L,atinc[i design design design pRMJuclion validation Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Results Initiating Planning Ex«xuling Controlling Closing Processes Processes Agrtoiliuwl machiftery ifevctopmcm (wxt'ss Assigning Imptementrtion Project Infonnatitwsl \ Conceptual N JWiminary M Detailed N Pilot ftsgecl Launch planoing desijjn jf design J design / design /f production vatiibtjon "iJJesign Ecootlinic InwWmcnt .'BwlBci tkial Piojfjct Project pfan "Concept. spettTtcMioJW \fcsui(blity • tequcst leleasci'' production closure Iniiialing f*roccsses Ranning l^scesscs Ejceculiog CoBtfollini! CItssiog I'Tocesses Prwsscs Processes L Agricultural machinery tievelopraent process Pfociircincnt plan Involved Communications Project scope Project risk Lessons Project plan prajecl parties planning statement classification learned approval —>- Quality plan Phase 2 '—Safety [Xilicy Agricultural madrincry tfcvctopnient process l>esigni»g hnptemeBlalion Conceptual^ Preliminary^^l5B^Mlc d Project design y{ design I validstion ) i— 4- Ewtnmtc Invcslinent Product Iflitts! Project Concept 4- leasihility retjucsi release producltoft clojure Project plan prest'ntatitifi Mariet im?niJtorin|/marketing planning Design inllncncing faclors SuppJk'f Cmtwmr 1-Design s|H.'cir!caEit'j>s iX'pen^ahililv l'ci>nomit- aiKl financialanalyse s IVojeti plan updates evalualitjn Phase Ttam tirienlation Market monitoring/fnarketing planfti»g MaoufsKiuring slmclua- prtHress Supplier Allemstc snvolv-enicnl concepH approval Iniliat safely study ['xonomic and fifiaocial armly^es Corvee pi eviduatitsi A^rkultumt machinefy tfevelopmcnl process IVojcd inrotnmlional planning 1 Team omnlation Market monitoring/marketing planning Initial lay owl Manulacturing requirrffients Altemalt lay ouls I'nHotypB Internal manulaclurtng j-L maiiurarturing and lest plan Dimensional l-'inal capahility I^conomic Ixonoinie lA'ssons Hcomraic lay out lay out feasiltihiy appf^>val iaieras! feasihility feasihiljtv evaluaticm learned I'wiiminary manufaciurini pttttolypc Ik'onixnsc and capahiltry sifuctuig financial analyses Salcly l>r Planning {ksigniflg Project H^lflformatiMialH CofKcptu^N I^iiminary''^^ Design speciricalitjns release oriCfiiaEum Market mfmilortn^/niadt'ltng planniftg pRxmyptf CustariKf clinics mamffat^nnj; assembly present anon PriHiycl stfutiurme c*rfi)tieaik>n (.>p«mi7td l^evtcwciJ fii3chi{ic I(m','itmcm 3- request plan evaluation Project dKUigf Operatkm {kmmik am) ihii catalog As.sistance majiuaJs Pwjccl pmgfL'ss nwHitnf in}! A|!rJcu1tuml machinery develo^meiit ipmise.'^ v>ricfH;a.it.J)i Assen)l*ly Prl<« priHiuc(iiMi Mihit«K'-lool a»Kl i:^lK;nk-uc*.'s approval M«iulVtiKiin| iwkadi plan licview j Pikii hatLh Collective jmvlocti^in Ifechnic/il t'JKlors^tvni test j^tt'ixhirc revieu Mat ht lie pn>iJuctt(.m an:a^ tvview PI (xikici le bast iifteMfiH'Rf (t:K:!nj,' Vmjixi |H<>|;r*», um\i (X "trig T" AgfitnlHtfal inaclnocry ikvelnpmcnt prwe&s ImplemeMatiM J InformsiiBnalH Conceptual^ planning dc«iefl / itesign ^ valtdatiofl / 4- 4 liiveMmcnt fipccilk'aUtHKs feasibility Team Markcl imwttorinc/n^rkcting plannmg initial pn,>ttuai«ft Initial pm Closure cTOo^mic itnd fmuncial analysev I%*>jcct pirn IIEZ lliasc 8 Agticulttw) fliachinerydewlopmc w process Designing lin;4cn«;mauc!n Pn^i HinfomialionalH ConceptuaiM Preliminary DeiailcU Pilot \r planning ^ teign y| design J de«jn design 4 production J IXaiign ikjinontic Invustmi'tU Prodiict inuial PtojeclplaH Concept !f««ificsnioo»j feasibilily rcqytesi release pniUticiion Team IWitctii^n Market «K>«ft(>ring Mi.M:hinc Custtwncr VbltiiatitHii avmmerx:ia3i/al!tin Lemms teamed Pfojcci audil and vjtlidaiii^Q review vaiKbtiiHt Vailiiatinn I?r6;paratii CImmMsf proicct prn^rcss n?4?mumng 1C3JI1 dismal^ Icmcnl IVojm clmurc CAD / CAM / CAE • CAD - Computer Aided Design • CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing • CAE - Computer Aided Engineering 3 nif«»ml«*r ni fiSTDA Evolution from Traditional to Concurrent Engineering Time Wnll Sfructiue Product Wall T«oin Appi'oach Marketing!: Product Marketing Integintrd Approsicli lull ^1 .:;< rl Di'HS»H Aiiiil^ si"* Product /M:giitut'»«-titH> Marketing Conventional Product Design Process Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 a mcmlwr of M^DA Classical Manufacturing Model Sail Product Developiiieiit in: Sequential Step Design/Maiiufacturing/Market Separation Communication by 2D Drawing Result ill: Slow Product Development Cycle High Cost Poor Quality No Competitiveness ! Piuducttoa -i B • A system approach to integrate ami optiiuize MockeJing & Management Design & Engineering Training & Support Solid Modeling As Central Repository If Suppiiets & tortners Monufcjcluring Sales & Distribution CAD as a Published Medium to promote on-line engineering collaboration Advantage: real-time collaboration, effective, ownership Disadvantage: CAD data transfer/si^eed SiraulaHoH Representation of Design Model By drawing SoiidWorks *, SolidWorks Simulation \ CAD FEA / SolidWorks Motion \ Motion Simulation SolidWorks CAD SolidWorks Simulation FEA REFERENCES • Intercoop Foundation: tel. www.intercoop.es • Agricultural Engineering and Technologies: Vision 2020 Strategic Research Agenda • Advanced Technologies and Automation in Agricultural Machine • New Technologies in Agricultural Engineering • An Introduction to the Reference Model for the Agricultural Machinery Development Process • Overview of Robots Designed for Agricultural Applications • Autonomous Robots for Agricultural Tasks and Farm Assignment and Future Trends in Agro Robots Lean Agriculture, World Class Farm Business Making Your Farm Business More Efficient Through Lean Thinking Principles Use of Cad Tool for Design and Development of Rotavator Blade Design and development of small scale pea depoding machine by using CAD software Introduction to CAD and 3D Model Understanding Motion Simulation