Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16450-5 — Anti-Catholicism in America, 1620-1860 Maura Jane Farrelly Index More Information

Index

abolitionism, xvi, 112, 128, 140, 168–169, Anonymous, 49 170, 174, 180, 183 Antilon-First Citizen Letters, 94–96 Acadians, 89, 190 Aquinas, 170 Act Concerning Religion, 59–60 Archbishop of Canterbury, 7, 13, 14, 16, 80, Act of Settlement, 8 146 Act to Prevent the Growth of Popery in this Archdeacon of Cleveland. See Blackburne, Province, 91 Francis Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy, 6 Ark, 54 Adams Arminianism, 38 Abigail, 107 Arminius, Jacob, 12 John, 9, 74, 84, 104, 107, 111, 113, 115, Arnold, Benedict, 69, 82 125, 162 Arundel, Thomas, 53 Samuel, 77, 79, 82, 83, 84 Atheism, 83, 110, See also Freethinkers Adams, Stephen, 182 Atwood, Peter, 91–93 Adventist theology, 13 Augustinians, 10, 29 Aeon,x Avalon, 51–52 Albany, New York, xvi, 151 Awful Disclosures of the Hôtel Dieu Alcott Nunnery of Montreal, 153, 154–156 Bronson, 143 Louisa May, 139, 143 Bacon’s Rebellion, 61 Alien and Sedition Acts, 125, 126, 181 Baltimore (city), 87, 104, 120, 127, 143, 172 American Protestant Association, 149 First Bishops Council of, 127–128 American Republican Party, 173 Baltimore (Lord), 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, Anabaptist theology, 13, 59 87, See also Calvert, Cecilius, Charles, Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company George, and Frederick of Massachusetts, 104 Baltimore Catholic Mirror, 170 Andros, Edmund, 23, 24, 37 Baptism (denomination), 4, 15, 16, 20, 27, Anglicanism, xiii, 6, 7, 13, 23, 24, 43, 45, 76, 112, 124, 136, 152, 176 50, 58, 80, 81, 93, 112, 114, 135, 136, baptism (sacrament), 4, 15, 16, 112, 155, 138, 154, 180 See also Sacraments Annapolis, 84, 85, 87, 90 Barnard, Henry, 148 Anne (wife of James), 6, 47 Barnard, John, 25 Anne Arundel County (Maryland), 60 Bayard, Nicholas, 40

197

198 Index

Beecher Brockholes, Anthony, 23 Henry Ward, 184 Brown, Dan, x Lyman, 138, 139, 145, 146, 148, 157, Brown, John (abolitionist), 183 176, 178, 179, 184 Brown, John (Patriot), 71 Bellarmino, Robert, 17 Browne, Robert, 16–18 Benedict XVI, Pope, 76 Bucer, Martin, 12 Berkeley, William, 61 Bulﬁnch, Charles, 139 Bible, 19, 76, 107, 146–148, 149–150, 151, Bulla Coenae, 56 152, 157, 176, 177, 184, 190, 191 Burke, Raymond, x Douay-Rheims, 146, 149–150, 151, 191 Burns, Anthony, 168 King James, 146, 148, 149–150, 177, 184 Bush Biden, Joseph, ix George W., x Bill of Rights (US), 193 Jeb, x Bishop Controversy (Anglican), 80–82 Bishop of Baltimore. See Carroll, John Cadière, Marie Catherine, 30 Bishop of Mainz. See Brandenberg, Albrecht Cajuns. See Acadians von California, 165, 174, 176, 182 Bishop of Quebec. See Briand, Jean-Olivier Calvert. See also Baltimore (Lord) Blackburne, Francis, 81 Anne (daughter of George), 52, 57 Blackstone, William, 75–76, 77, 193 Anne Mynne (wife of George), 50 Blaine Amendments, 185 Cecilius, 31, 42, 43, 52, 55, 56–57, Blaine, James G., 185 58–59, 60, 116, 184 Blakiston, Nehemiah, 41, 43, 54, 62 Charles, 43, 61, 62 Bland, Richard, 81 Christopher, 50 blasphemy, 152, 177 Frederick, 87 Bloom, Harold, xi George, 41, 46, 52, 53 Boggs, Corrinne “Lindy” Claiborne, 57 George (son of George), 52 Book of Common Prayer, 6 Leonard, 52, 54, 57 Book of Revelation, 14 Calvin, John, 5, 8, 12, 14, 24, 38, 106, Boston, 2, 4, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 137, 163 31, 36, 70, 74, 80, 82, 85, 87, 96, 97, Calvinism, xiii, xv, 1, 7, 8, 13, 15, 24, 29, 104, 105, 106–108, 121, 122, 123, 135, 30, 38, 59, 80, 117, 176, 177 136, 143, 144, 145, 147, 153, 154, 156, and liberty, 21 157, 168–169, 172, 175, 180 softening of (see also Unitarianism), xv, Boston Bee, 156 139, 152 Boston Common, 2 Canada, 48, 51, 69–70, 71–74, 78, 83, 84, Boston Democrat, 152 85, 114, 119, See also Avalon, Quebec, Boston Gazette, 74 and Newfoundland Boston Latin School, 147 Cape Cod Bay, 5, 53 Boston Morning Post, 154 Carmelites, 29 Boston Recorder, 152 Carolina. See South Carolina Boston Tea Party, 70, 85 Carroll Boston Weekly-Rehearsal, 30 Anna Ella, 180 Bourne, George, 169 Charles of Annapolis, 90 Brandenberg, Albrecht von, 11 Charles of Carrollton, 78, 79, 85–86, 90, Brandenburg, Albrecht von, 11 93, 94–96, 97, 180 Breck, Samuel, 97 Charles the Settler, 79 Brent Daniel, 78 Giles, 57 John, 75, 82, 97, 104–109, 120–123, 124, Margaret, 57 125, 126, 127, 135, 141 Briand, Jean-Olivier, 81–82 Case, Thomas, 20–21

Index 199

Castile Congregationalism, 2, 8, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, Philando, xii 25, 26, 27, 80, 93, 104, 106, 107, 112, Catholic military service 123, 124, 136–137, 139, 141, 145, 152, Mexican War, 178 162, 175, 176 Revolutionary War, 96–97 Congress (U.S.), ix, 112, 126, 145, 168, 174, celibacy (clerical), 26, 28, 29, 149, 153 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 190 Channing, William Ellery, 171 Connecticut, 9, 19, 22, 23, 26, 30, 31, 70, Chaput, Charles, x 114, 136, 137, 148, 176 Charles County (Maryland), 85, 120 Constantinople, 106 Charles I, 2, 6–7, 8, 15, 41, 42, 45, 51, 52, constitution 53, 61 British, 63, 91–93, 94, 95–96 Charles II, 7, 8, 15, 22–23, 38, 45, 50, 52, 61 colonial, 63, 86, 87–88, 90 Charleston, 122, 152, 153, 171, 172 Maryland’s, 63, 87–88, 90, 91–93, 94, Charlestown, 83, 135, 137, 143, 144, 145, 95–96 146, 154, 171 state, 78, 114, 116, 172, 185 charters (colonial), 22, 23, 25, 30, 31, U.S., xi, 75, 78, 105, 109, 110–111, 114, 41–42, 43, 51–52, 53, 55, 60, 62, 96 119, 121, 122, 138, 181, 182, 185, 193 Chase, Salmon, 118 Continental Congress, 48, 69–70, 71–75, Cheever, George, 169 78, 82, 85, 96, 97, 111, 115 Chesapeake Bay, 41, 53, 57, 58, 90, 120 conversion, 4, 6, 7, 8, 20, 22, 26, 27, 28, 43, Cheyenne Indians, 175 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 55, 60, 78, 83, 106, Chicago, 141, 172 109, 119, 146, 152, 154, 165, 173, 181 Christian Watchman, 152 Conwell, Henry, 127 Christmas, 7, 25 Coote, Richard, 21 Church of England. See Anglicanism Copley, Lionel, 41 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Copley, Thomas, 57 See Mormons Cork Examiner, 142 church papists, 45, 50 Cornwallis, Thomas, 55, 56 Cincinnati, 141, 167, 169, 172, 176, 184 Country Party (Maryland), 87 Cincinnati Catholic Telegraph, 169, 176 County Wexford (Ireland), 78 citizenship, 114, 148, 157, 164, 173, 181, Cranmer, Thomas, 6, 24, See also See also naturalization Archbishop of Canterbury city upon a hill, 16, 175 Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John, 117 Civil War (American), xiii, xvi, 173, 179, Cromwell, Oliver, 8, 15, 52, 78 183 Cunard, Samuel, 142 Civil War (English), 7, 8, 14, 15, 24, Currency Act, 86 57, 62 Curtis, George Ticknor, 144 Claiborne Cushing, Thomas, 72 Liz, 57 William, 57, 59, 60 Danforth, John, 28 William C.C., 57 Davenport, John, 137 Clark, Hugh, 149, 150 Davis, Jefferson, 173 Clement XIV, Pope, 118, 124 de-Christianization, 106, 121 Cleveland (city), 141 Declaration of Independence, xv, 69, 85, Cleveland, Grover, 185 109, 113, 180 Columbian Centinel, 107 Deism, 113, 138, See also Freethinkers common school movement, 128, 147–148 Delmarva Peninsula, 58 Common Sense, 111 democracy (American), x, 111, 113, 139, Commonwealth (Puritan). See Interregnum 143, 157, 162, 166 communion (sacrament). See Eucharist Democratic party, ix, 167, 173, 178, 180, confession (sacrament), 6, 108, 120 181, 182

200 Index

Dickens, Charles, 134 First Great Awakening, 30, 138 Dignitatis Humanae, xi, 193 Fitzsimons, Thomas, 78 disestablishment in New England, 136–137, Flouquet, Pierre, 82 138, 139, 145, 175, 176 Forsyth, John, 171 Dispensational theology, 13 Fort James, 39, 40 dissenters, 14–15, 21 France, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 23, 26, 27, 30, 39, 41, Dixon, Jeremiah, 61 49, 56, 71, 89, 96, 106, 107, 119, 121, doctrine (Catholic), 11 164, 165, 175 dogma (Catholic), 10, 166 Franciscans, 29, 126 Dogma (ﬁlm), x Franklin Dominicans, 29, 173 Benjamin, 88, 106, 113, 118, 119–120 Dominion of New England, 22–23, 25, James, 26 27, 39 Frederick County (Maryland), 85 Douglas Frederick III (of Saxony), 10 Adele Cutts, 181 freedom, xii, xiv, xv, xvi, 2, 5, 19, 20, 21, 25, Stephen, 181 62, 71, 72, 74, 75–78, 79, 96, 97, 98, Dove, 54 105, 111, 115, 117, 121, 134, 140, 141, Dragoons, 27, 28, 39 143, 144, 151, 152, 157, 163, 164, 166, Drayton, Judge William Henry, 84 168, 169, 175, 191–193, See also liberty Dudleian Lectures, 107–108, 109 freethinkers, 63, See also Atheism and Deism Dudley, Paul, 107 French and Indian War, 71, 81, 89 Duke of York. See James II French, Phillip, 40 Dulany, Daniel, 93, 94–96 Fugitive Slave Act, 168 Dulles, Avery Cardinal, 76 Fuller, Margaret, 139 Durham, 51–52 Dwight, Timothy, 139 Garrison, William Lloyd, 139 Dyer, Mary, 2–3 Gavin, Anthony, 156 George III, 70, 71, 72, 74, 79, 81, 82, Easter, 7 84, 85, 114 Eden, Robert, 86, 96 Georgetown University, 174 Edict of Nantes, 27, 39 Georgia, 109, 116, 120, 171 Edward VI, 6 Gerard, John, 44, 47 Edwards, Jonathan, 19, 30, 138 Germany, xv, 10, 11, 27, 37, 39, 63, 109, Egan, Michael, 127 124–125, 140, 141, 143, 147 Elizabeth (daughter of James I), 47, 52 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 165 Elizabeth I, 4, 6, 46, 76 Gillespie, George, 19 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 139, 143 Girard, Jean-Baptist, 30 England, John, 152–153, 171, 177 Glorious Revolution, 5, 8–9, 21, 24, 25, 30, Episcopalianism. See Anglicanism 31, 36, 37, 39, 57, 63, 75, 80, 88 Eucharist, 23, 24, 80, 120 Goddard, William, 116 Evelyn, John, 53 Goodyear, Charles, 144 Exclusion Crisis, 22 Gray, John, 55 execution, 2, 4, 7, 8, 15, 20, 27, 30, 36, 37, Greater Houston Ministerial Association, 40, 46, 47–48, 59, 106, 175 xi, 194 Greely, Horace, 139 Fawkes, Guy, 47–49 Gregory XVI, Pope, 157, 171 Federalist party, 111 Gunpowder Plot, 47–49, 50, 53 Fenwick, Ignatius, 85 guns, 54 Fifth Monarchists, 14 Fillmore, Millard, 167 Hamilton, Alexander, 84 First Amendment, xi, 113 Hancock, John, 104

Index 201

Harold, William, 126–127 Innocent XI, Pope, 23 Harper’s magazine, 17, 184 Interregnum, 7–8, 22, 23 Harrison, Elizabeth, 154 Intolerable Acts, 70–74 Harvard, xi, 19, 80, 107, 138, 139, 144 Ireland, xv, 7, 38, 43, 53, 78, 79, 109, 127, Hatton, Thomas, 59 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 156, 174, 185 Hawley, Jerome, 55 Islam, 83, 106, 191, 194 Hawley, Joseph, 137 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 139 Jacobites, 89, 91 Henchman, Daniel, 19, 26 James (son of James II), 8 Henrician Reformation, 6, 44 James I, 6, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, Henrietta Maria, Queen, 6, 41 53, 61, 146 Henry IV (of France), 27 James II, 7, 8–9, 22–24, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, Henry VII (of England), 4 40, 41, 42, 45, 53, 62, 88, 89 Henry VIII (of England), 5, 44 Jansenists, 29 Hodge, Charles, 139 Jefferson, 122 Hogan, William, 155 Peter, 74 Holy Cross Church (Boston), 122 Thomas, 74, 111, 117, 122, 134, 147 Holy Cross Church (Kentucky), 122 Jesuits, 1, 17, 26, 29–30, 44, 46, 47, 56–57, Holy Roman Empire, 38 59, 83, 91, 97, 170, 173, 178 Holy See. See Vatican land ownership practices of, 123–124 Holy Trinity Church (Philadelphia), 122, slave-holding of, 170, 174 125 suppression of, 118 Hooker, Thomas, 19, 137 Johnson, Charles, 126 Hôtel Dieu nunnery, 156, See also Awful Johnson, Henry, 173 Disclosures of the Hôtel Dieu nunnery Johnson, Samuel, 74 of Montreal joint-stock colonies, 41 House of Burgesses, 61, 81 Hughes, John, 150–151, 184 Kennedy, John F., xi, 194 Huguenots, 27–28, 29, 37, 39, 104 Kenny, Peter, 127 Hutchinson, Thomas, 83 Kenrick, Francis, 127, 149 Kent County (Maryland), 60 Ignatius of Loyola, 29, 30, 46, 170 Kentucky, 108, 109, 120, 122, 166, 173, Illinois, 176, 177 176, 177 immigrants Kerry, John, x Chinese, 165 Key, Jacobus de, 40 German, 37, 39, 63, 109, 124–125, 140, Kürnberger, Ferdinand, 134 141, 143, 147, 164, 172, 176, 177 Irish, 18, 38, 43, 79, 89, 106, 109, 124, Lambe, R.J., 49 125–127, 128, 135, 139–140, Lathrop, John, 107–108, 109 141–143, 147, 150, 153, 157, 168, 172, Laud, William, 7, See also Archbishop of 174, 177, 178, 185 Canterbury Italian, 185 lay trusteeism, 124, 125–128, 140 Mormon, 165 Lee, Richard Henry, 72 Muslim, 141, 164, 190, 191, 194 Lee, Thomas Sim, 43, 78 Scots-Irish, 166 Leeds, 9 imperium in imperio, 77 Leisler, Jacob, 36–37, 38–40, 41, 62 Independents, 16, 59, See also Pilgrims Leisler’s Rebellion, 38–40 Indiana, 177, 190 Leland, John, 76 indulgences, 10, 11, 12, 15 Leo X, Pope, 6, 10 Ingle, Richard, 57, 59, 60 Leo XIII, Pope, 77, 192 Ingle-Claiborne Rebellion, 57, 59, 60 Leonard, Daniel, 74

202 Index

Lesslie, George, 107 Massachusetts, ix, x, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 19, 21, Lewger, John, 55 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 37, 39, 40, 63, liberty, xi, xv, 18–21, 24, 26, 30, 70, 71, 74, 70–71, 72, 76, 78, 80, 83, 85, 86, 93, 76, 77, 79, 82, 83, 84, 88, 92, 94, 97, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 114, 135, 136, 111, 114–115, 140, 162, 165, 167, 169, 137, 138, 143, 144, 145, 147–148, 153, 174, 183, 184, 192, 193, See also 154, 157, 167, 171, 176, 180, 182, 183 freedom Massachusetts Bay, 2, 5, 53 Lind, John, 74 Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1, 22, 41 Livingston, William, 80 Massachusetts Bay Company, 4 Lloyd, David, 49 Massacre at Thorn, 27 Locke, John, 62 Mather London (as metonymy for king and/or Increase, 21, 36 Parliament), 81 Samuel, 19, 26 London (city), 9, 14, 26, 28, 40, Mayﬂower, 16 41, 44, 46, 50, 51, 56, 57, 61, McCormick, Cyrus, 144 70, 74, 80, 118 Medicare, x London Magazine, 81 Medici Long Island Sound, 53 Giovani de, 10 Louis XIII (of France), 6 Marie de, 6 Louis XIV (of France), 23, 27 Mennonites, 38, See also Simons, Menno Louisiana, 57, 109, 173, 174, 182 Mercantile Journal, 154 Louisiana Purchase, 141 Methodism, 13, 108, 112, 117, 122, 136, Luther, Martin, 9–12, 13, 77, 106 138, 151, 176 Lutheranism, 12, 27, 38, 59, 63, 165 Mexican War, xvi, 167, 174–175, 178 Mexico, 165, 180 Madison, James, 113 Mexico City, 179 Mahometanism. See Islam Michigan, 148 Maine, 22, 137, 153, 185 Mills, Isabella, 155, 156 Manifest Destiny, 174–175, 177 Milton, John, 61–62 Mann, Horace, 148, 156–157 Minnesota, 175 Marblehead, Massachusetts, 25 Monk, Maria, 154–156 Marion County (Kentucky), 122 Montgomery, Richard, 69, 75, 82 marriage (sacrament), 6, 50 Montreal, 69, 71–72, 75, 81, 82, 119, 153, Marryat, Frederick, 134 154, 155, 156 Martin, Luther, 111 Moore, Alan, 49 Martineau, Harriet, 134–135, 151 Moore, Nathan, 151, 153 Mary I, 6 Mormons, ix, xi, 165, 175 Mary II, 8, 9, 21, 24, 25, 37 Morse Mary of Modena, 8 Jedidiah, 138, 139, 144 Mary, mother of Jesus, 10 Richard, 152 Maryland, xiv, 5, 22, 31, 36, 41–43, Samuel F.B., 138, 144, 152 45–46, 47, 53–63, 75, 78, 79, 82, Sydney, 152 84–96, 97, 104, 109, 110, 114, 116, Muggletonians, 14 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 170, Muslims. See immigrants or Islam 181, 182, 184, 190 Myers, John, x Maryland Gazette, 84, 86, 93, 94, 95 Maryland Journal, 84 Narragansett Indians, 4 Maryland Journal and Baltimore Nast, Thomas, 17 Advertiser, 116 Native American Indians, 3–4, 9, 26, 83, Mason, Charles, 61 167, 171, 175

Index 203

natural rights, xv, 9, 62, 75–76, 79, 84, 105, Parliament, 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 110, 114, 117, 164, 169, 171, 174, 191, 26, 37, 48, 50, 70, 71, 72, 75, 80, 81, 192, 193 83, 84, 85–86, 87–88, 90, 91, 92, 93, naturalization, 149, 173, 181 114, 142, 175 Navajo Indians, 175 parochial schools, 128, 150, 151, 184 Navigation Acts, 22, 23 Peasley, William, 57 Nelson County (Kentucky), 121 peerage, 6, 53 Nerinckx, Charles, 122 penance (sacrament), 109 Netherlands, 29, 38, 47, 137, 164 Penn, William, 31, 61, 63, 87 New Amsterdam, 37, 38 Pennsylvania, xiv, 22, 31, 61, 63, 72, 78, 79, New Hampshire, 9, 22, 78, 107, 136, 137 86, 87, 93, 109, 111, 116, 120, 126, New Jersey, 22, 78, 80 148, 149, 153, 165, 167, 194 New Mexico, 174 penny dreadfuls, 48 New Netherlands, 38 Pentecostal theology, 13 New Orleans, 89, 172 Philadelphia, 28, 63, 78, 87, 109, 114, 116, New Rochelle, 39, 112 120, 122, 124, 135, 141, 143, 148, 151, New York, xiv, xvi, 5, 22, 23, 31, 36, 37, 38, 156, 157, 172, 180, 190 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 53, 62, 63, 74, 79, Bible riots, 149–150 86, 87, 109, 117, 123, 148, 150, 151, intra-Catholic disagreements, 124–127 153, 165, 167, 176, 180, 182, 184 Philadelphians, 14 New York City, 28, 39, 40, 84, 112, 122, Philip III (of Spain), 50 123, 135, 141, 143, 145, 150, 151, 153, Pierce, John, 148 155, 156, 165, 172, 173 Pietist theology, 13 New York Evening Post, 112 Pigot, George, 25 New York Observer, 152, 165 Pilgrims, 15, 16, 38, 137 New York Times, xi, 172 Pinkney, Charles, 110 Newfoundland, 42, 51, See also Avalon Pius VI, Pope, 118 Newport, Rhode Island, 96, 114, 115, 116 Plains of Abraham, 82 Newsweek,ix Plowden, Charles, 104 Nicholson, Francis, 39–40 Plowman, Matthew, 39 Nickolls, William, 40 Plymouth Colony, 16, 22, 23, 41, 123 non-conformists. See dissenters popery, 6, 7, 21, 27, 50, 53, 70, 76, 78, 79, North Carolina, 89, 171–172 80, 82–85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 108, Northwest Ordinance, 112 151, 155, 156, 165, 178 Nova Scotia, 89, See also Acadians Portman, Natalie, 49 Portugal, 118 O’Malley, John W., 76 potato blight, 142 O’Sullivan, John, 174, 177 Poterie, Claude Bouchard de la, 106, 121 Ohio, 112, 148, 166, 176, Potomac River, 54, 58 177, 178, 184 predestination, 15, 29, 137 Ohio River, 72 Presbyterianism, 8, 15–16, 20, 59, 109, 113, Old Deluder Satan Act, 147 114, 123, 124, 135, 141, 152, 171, 176, The Great Red Dragon, 156 177 Otis print culture, 10, 26–30, 151–153, 154, 156 Harrison Gray, 144 Propaganda de Fide, 118–119 James, 145 proprietary colonies, 23, 41, 87 Oxford, 52, 53 Protestant Associators, 43, 54, 85, See also Blakiston, Nehemiah Paine, Tom, 111–112 Protestant Interest, 21, 24–25, 30, 36, 37, 80 Palace of Westminster, 47 Protestant Reformation, xiii, 6, 7, 9–14, 29, Parker, Theodore, 139–140, 141, 168–169 44, 150, 163, 191

204 Index

purgatory, 10, 61 Secker, Thomas, 80, See also Archbishop of Puritans, xii, 1, 2–5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, Canterbury 23, 36, 37, 39, 42, 58, 59, 60, 80, 104, Second Great Awakening, 152, 166, 177, 137, 138, 145, 175 179 a.k.a. Calvinists, xiii, 8, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, Secretary of State (U.S.), 167, 171 27, 28, 30, 31, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, Semmes, Thomas, 85 81, 84, 109 Separatists, 16, 19, 59, See also Pilgrims Serrano, Andres, x Quakers, 2–3, 20, 31, 63, 93, 112, 135, 148, Seven Years’ War. See French and Indian 156 War Quebec, 9, 22, 69–70, 71–72, 74, 75, 81–82, Seward, William, 148 97, 112, 115, 118, 136, 139, 182 Sharpe, Horatio, 86 Quebec Act, 71, 72–74, 81–82, 114 Sheridan, Michael, x Quebec City, 69, 82 Silva, José Roiz, 123 Simons, Menno, 12 Rappahannock River, 55 sin, 10, 12, 19, 20, 30, 56, 62, 76, 77, 117, recusancy, 45, 46, 47, See also dissenters 155, 170 Reed, Rebecca, 154 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 30 Reformed theology, 13, See also Calvinism Sioux Indians, 175 Republican party, ix, x, 165, 167, 182, 194 Six Months in a Convent, 153–154 republicanism, xv, 78, 106, 110, 111, 113, slavery, xvi, 17, 77, 82, 83, 84, 157, 175, 121 177 and Catholicism, xv, 120–123, 126–128 American, race-based, xvi, 108, 112, 117, Rhode Island, 4, 9, 22, 26, 109, 114, 124, 134, 143, 157, 167–171, 172, 174, 115–116 180, 183 Richmond Whig and Public Advertiser, 152 Sloughter, Henry, 37, 40 rights of Englishmen, 84, 92, 93, See also Smith, Al, xvi natural rights Smith, Kevin, x Roberts, Cokie, 57 Society of Friends. See Quakers Rome (as metonymy for Vatican), x, 12, 14, Society of Jesus. See Jesuits 18, 81, 82, 118, 120, 124 sola scriptura, 11, 19, 77 Rome (city), 82, 93, 106, 118, 124, 178 South Carolina, 52, 84, 109, 110, 116, 174, Romney, Mitt, ix, xi 182, 183, 191 Rousselet, Louis de, 106, 107 Spain, 56, 118 Rubio, Marco, x St. John, Sister Mary. See Harrison, Rush, Benjamin, 109, 111, 115, Elizabeth 147, 162 St. Joseph’s Church (Philadelphia), 124 Ryan, Paul, ix St. Lawrence River, 69 St. Mary’s Church (Philadelphia), 124, sacraments. See baptism, communion, 125–127 confession, marriage, and penance St. Mary’s City, 41, 45, 55, 120 Sainneville, Chevalier de, 97 St. Mary’s Church (Charleston), 122 Salem, Massachusetts, 4 St. Mary’s County (Maryland), 45, 57, 85, Saltmarsh, John, 19 97, 120 Santorum, Rick, x, 193–194 St. Michael’s Church (Massachusetts), 25 Savannah, Georgia, 96, 170, 172 St. Patrick’s Church (Norfolk), 122 Saxony, 10, 165 St. Peter’s Church (New York), 122, 123 schismatics. See church papists Stamp Act, 82–83, 84, 88, 93 Schlesinger, Arthur, xi–xii Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 139 Scotland, 8, 51 Stetson, Caleb, 143 seasoning, 58 Stoddard, Solomon, 137

Index 205

Stone, William, 58 See also Rome (as metonymy for Stowe Vatican) Calvin, 148 Vatican I, 166 Harriet Beecher, 138 Vatican II, xi, 76, 77, 99, 193 subsidiarity, x Vaux, Robert, 148 Sweeny Todd, 49 Vermont, 22, 136, 138, 162, 168 Victoria, 48 temperance, 128, 177 Vienna, 27, 178 Texas, x, 174 Vineam Domini, 29 Thayer, John, 106–109 Virginia, 5, 41, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 72, The Age of Reason, 111 74, 81, 86, 89, 92, 93, 109, 122, 147, The Boyhood Days of Guy Fawkes, 49 168, 182 The Burning of the Bibles, 151 virtue, 78, 111, 113, 139, 162–163 The French Convert, 28–29, 153 Thirty-Nine Articles, 6 Walker, Thomas, 74 Time, ix, 194 Wampanoag Indians, 4 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 134, 151–152 Ware, Henry, 138 toleration, xiv, 27, 31, 38, 58, 59–60, 62, Warren, Mercy Otis, 145 71, 88, 92, 110, 114–115, 173, 184 Washington Toleration Act. See Act Concerning Religion Augustine, 74 Tower of London, 45 George, 48, 74, 114, 115 Townsend, Mira Sharpless, 156 Lawrence, 74 Townshend duties, 81, 87, 88 Washington (as metonymy for Transubstantiation, 23 U.S. government), x Treaty of Paris of 1763, 74 Washington, D.C., 174, 180, 190 Trinity (theological concept), 138 Wentworth, Thomas, 53 Trinity College, Oxford, 52 Wesleyan theology. See Methodism Trollope, Frances, 134 Whig party, 167, 173, 179, 180, 182, 183 Twain, Mark, 190 White Plains, New York, 96 William III (of Orange), 8, 9, 21, 24, 25, 37, Unitarianism, xii, 13, 135, 138–139, 140, 41, 43, 91 143–145, 152, 156, 168, 175, 176, 179 Williams, Roger, 3–4, 6, 16, 109 United States Catholic Miscellany, 152–153 Winthrop, John, 1–2, 7, 16, 104, 175 Urban VIII, Pope, 56 Wisconsin, ix Ursuline convent Wittenberg, Germany, 10, 11 in Charlestown, 135, 136, 137, 139, Wolseley, Charles, 19 143–145, 146, 154, 171 in Trois Rivières, 156, 182 Yale, xi, 19, 106 Yorkshire County (England), 47, 50 V for Vendetta, 49 Yorktown, Virginia, 96 Vatican, xi, 10, 11, 12, 57, 76, 79, 98, 106, 118–120, 124, 127, 146, 157, 165, 193, Zwingli, Ulrich, 12