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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00045-2 - Feminism, Absolutism, and Jansenism: Louis XIV and the Port-Royal Nuns Daniella Kostroun Index More information

Index

Absolutism, 17, 87–88, 207 On conscience, 109, 130, 131, 132 Individualism and, 106, 245 Arnauld, Angelique,´ 6, 8, 9, 15, 19, 20–21, Jansenism and, 14–15, 79, 159 23, 25, 26–28, 119 See also Divine Right, Louis XIV Anti-mysticism of, 98 Academie´ Franc¸aise, 207 Authority of at Port-Royal, 23, 25–26, Acarie, Barbe, 12 29, 31–32, 34, 52, 54–55, 58, 76, 97, Ad Sacram (papal bull), 100–102, 142 99 Agency, 14 Benedictine Rule, her attitude towards, Nuns and, 11–12, 13, 243, 244–245 20, 21, 26, 29, 32, 80 See also Cambridge School of Political Heresy, accused of, 20, 21, 34–35, 243 Thought, Feminism, Speech acts Institute of the Holy Sacrament, founder Akkerman, Tjitske, 16 of, 27–30 Albizzi, Francesco, Cardinal, 187 Jansenist apologist, as, 63, 65, 68–70, Alexander VII, Pope, 89, 95, 100, 141, 90–91, 240, 241 144, 184, 185 Letter-writer, as, 59–76, 81–83, 90–91 Alexander VIII, Pope, 206 Monastic reformer, as, 19, 20–21, 25, Annat, Franc¸ois, 92, 93–94, 107, 108, 187 26–27, 28, 61–62, 243 Anne of Austria, 71, 72–74, 96, 108, On Christian monarchy, 71–74 118 On miracles, 98–99 Anti-Jansenism.SeeJansenist Polemics On redeemed language, 67–68 Appel comme d’abus, 89, 101, 144, 164, Relationship with Sebastian Zamet, 27, 168, 233, 240 29, 31–32, 33 Aquaviva d’Aragon, Marie-Angelique´ d’, Renews Port-Royal’s reform with 57 Saint-Cyran, 32, 52–57, 76, 240, 243 Arnauld, Agnes,` 21–22, 25, 28, 54–55, 56, Rhetorical strategies of, 63–68, 70, 66, 76, 97, 108, 119, 128, 137, 148, 75–76 165–166 Speeches by, 59, 80, 97 Author of Secret Chaplet, 31, 42, 55, Spiritual development of, 24, 33–34, 52, 98 77 Avis . . . donnes´ aux religieuses, 201 See also journee´ du guichet Letter to Louis XIV, 109–110 Arnauld, Antoine, Sr., 2, 19, 22–23, 25 Speeches to the nuns, 129–132, 157–158 Franc et veritable discours au Roy, 25 On Christian monarchy, 110 See also journee´ du guichet

263

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00045-2 - Feminism, Absolutism, and Jansenism: Louis XIV and the Port-Royal Nuns Daniella Kostroun Index More information

264 Index

Arnauld, Antoine (Le Grand), 2, 4, 101, On elections, 202, 203–204 201 On martyrdom, 125–127, 129 Apologie de M. Jansenius´ (first and On reasonable doubt, 155 second), 41, 48, 64, 67, 69–70 On Port-Royal’s persecution, 155, Apologie pour M. l’Abbe´ de St. Cyran, 172–175, 188–189, 198, 201–202 41, 43 On “weak” friends, 125, 126 Apologie pour les Religieuses de Resists Peace of Clement IX, 188–189 Port-Royal, 124 Relation against Flavie Passart, 163 Angelique´ Arnauld, advice from, 63–70 Speeches to the nuns, 201–204 Censored by Sorbonne, 95 Urges Pavillon to speak out against Considerations´ sur l’entreprise de M. Formulary, 170–172, 175 Cornet, 45 Arnauld d’Andilly, Robert, 56, 96 De la frequente´ communion (On Augustine, Saint, 3, 9, 29, 99, 122 Frequent Communion), 41, 42, 64, In Jansenist polemics, 39–40, 41, 90, 93 193 On equality of sexes, 8, 123 Denounces Jesuit plots against Church, On innocence, 8, 75 45–46 On patriarchy, 9, 75 Disagreement with Blaise Pascal, 133 On pressurae mundi, 9, 52 La nouvelle her´ esie´ des Jesuites,´ 148 Political ideas of, 8–9, 13–14 Lettre a` une personne de condition, 92 See also City of God On Cornet’s propositions, 45, 87, 94 Augustinus, 15, 18, 38, 39, 61, 62, 63, 159 On Per´ efixe’s´ doctrine of “human faith,” Aquinas, St. Thomas, 39, 147 147 Austen, J.L., 11 Peace of Clement IX and, 185, 186, 187 Port-Royal nuns, advice and attitudes Bail, Louis, 148 towards, 119, 127–128, 129, 189 Baius, Michael, 18 Refutes Habert, 40–41, 64, 70 Barcos, Martin de, abbe´ de Saint-Cyran, Right/fact distinction and, 94, 113, 40, 81, 137 115–116 Bellegarde, Octave de, Archbishop of Sens, Seconde lettre a` un duc et pair, 93–94 30–31, 32 Saint-Cyran and, 40–41 Benedictine Rule, 3, 15, 21, 159 Arnauld, Henri, Bishop of Angers, 15–16, Port-Royal and, 19, 20, 21, 28, 33, 93, 159, 172, 184 201, 202 Arnauld, Jeanne-Catherine de Sainte-Agnes` Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint 37, 122 de Saint-Paul.SeeAgnes` Arnauld Berulle,´ Pierre de, 98 Arnauld, Marie-Angelique´ de Sainte Bignon, Jerome,´ 40 Madeleine.SeeAngelique´ Arnauld Bignon, Joseph, 157 Arnauld d’Andilly, Angelique´ de Binet, Etienne, 31 Saint-Jean, 82, 106, 119, 198, 201 Bishops, 101 As Angelique´ Arnauld’s successor, 125, Align interests with Crown, 101, 107, 201 194 Chronicler of Port-Royal’s reform, 24, Compose the formulary, 100–101 80–81, 111 Declaration of the French Clergy (1682), Her concern for contradictions in nuns’ 195, 206, 211 behavior, 126, 134–135 Demand a national council, 105, 143 Her concern for schisms among nuns, Divine right of, 88 126–127, 134–136 Gallican liberties and, 10, 86–87, 88, Interrogated by Per´ efixe,´ 152–156, 241 100, 241 On the commenda (commendatory Ordered to sign formulary, 184 appointments), 202–203 See also General Assembly of the Clergy, On compromise, 128, 188 names of individual bishops

Index 265

Book of Foundations,373 Cheverny, Anne Hurault de, the marquise Bosquet, François, Bishop of Lodeve,` d’Aumont: 44, 45, 49, 57, 75 88 Chigi, Fabio, Cardinal.SeeAlexander VII Boulard, Elisabeth de Sainte-Anne, Abbess Choart de Buzanval, Nicolas, Bishop of of Port-Royal-des-Champs, 212, 214, Beauvais, 15, 159, 184 215 Choiseul, Gilbert de, Bishop of Bourbon-Soisson, Charlotte de, Abbess of Comminges, 138, 186 Maubuisson, 26, 27 Citeaux, abbey of, 21, 26, 27, 28 Briquet, Christine, 106, 157–161, Cistercian Order, 2, 21, 26 164–168, 241 Strict observance movement, 21, 27 Brisacier Affair, 44, 74, 78 City of God, 8, 13, 75 Brisacier, Jean de, 44, 45, 46–48 Clairvaux, abbey of, 21.SeealsoDenis Le Jansenisme´ confondu (Jansenism Largentier Confounded), 44, 46 Clement IX, Pope, 182, 185, 187.Seealso Peace of Clement IX Callaghan, John, 44–45, 46–47, 49 Clement XI, Pope, 207, 210 Capuchin monks, 23, 24, 25 Issues bull of suppression for Calvinism, 1–2, 47–48 Port-Royal-des-Champs, 227, 228 Cambridge School of Political Thought, See also Vineam Domini 10–11, 14, 15 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 164 Carr Jr., Thomas M., 59 Company of the Holy Sacrament, 28 Cas de conscience (1701), 207, 210–211 Concordia, Medieval ideal of, 12, 199 Catholic Church Condren, Charles de, 31, 98 Asceticism within, 21, 24, 34, 84 Congregation of the regale.´ See Regalian Authority of, 4, 94, 109, 158, 222 Rights Controversy (See also Papal Infallibility) Conrius, Florent, 46 Benefices within, 107 Conti, Anne-Marie Marinozzi de, 216 Charitable works of, 34 Conti, Armand de Bourbon, Duke of, 169, Loyalty of Jansenists to, 4 216 Moral theology within, 33, 193 Convulsionary women, 242 Quarrels between regular and secular Conseil de conscience (Council of clergy within, 18, 61 Conscience), 107, 108 Suspension “ipso facto,” 138 Conseil d’etat´ (Council of State), 107, 124, Tradition of female silence within, 17, 168, 216 75, 117 Cornet, Nicholas, 45, 87, 94, 161 (See also Pauline Interdictions) Corsican guards, affair of, 139 Visual marks of, 39 Council of Trent, 244 Women reformers within, 7, 20, 61–62, Cum Occasione (papal bull), 86, 88, 90, 243 100–102, 142 Catholic polemics Common tropes in, 43 D’Argenson, Rene,´ Lieutenant of Police, Rhetorical methods in, 39 236, 237 Structure of, 41–42 De Caulet, François, Bishop of Pamiers, Ceyssens, Lucien, 51 184, 194 Chamillard, Michel, Vicar of Declaration of the regale.´ See Regalian Saint-Nicholas-du-Chardonnet, Rights Controversy 167–168, 170, 171–172 De Contes, M., Vicar General of Cardinal Chateau-Renault, Marie-Louise Françoise de Retz, 125 Rousselet de, Abbess of De Gouges, Olympe, 16 Port-Royal-de-Paris: 216, 234, 235, DeJean, Joan, 207 236 De la Barre, Poulain, 245–246

266 Index

De la Motte-Houdancourt, Henri, Bishop And agency, 16 of Rennes, 107 And individual equality, 17, 150, 162, De Marca, Pierre, Bishop of Conserans, 245–246 Toulouse, and Archbishop of Paris, As gender paradox, 16, 17, 245 88, 107, 124, 138, 212 Definitions of, 15–16, 159 As political theorist, 87–88, 141 See also Port-Royal nuns, querelle des Convinces bishops to approve papal femmes bulls, 87, 100 Five Propositions.SeeJansen, Formulary De Sacy, Isaac-Louis Le Maistre, 68–70 Crisis Des Mares, Toussaint-Joseph-Guy, 73 Flesselles de Bregy,´ Anne-Marie de D’Estampes-Valençay, Henri, 85, 86 Sainte-Eustochie de, 106 D’Estree,´ Angelique,´ Abbess of Fleury, François, 71, 90 Maubuisson, 23, 26, 27 Foissy de Chamesson, Anne de, 31, 32 D’Estree,´ Gabrielle, 23 Fontpertuis, Angelique´ Angran de, 218, D’Estrees,´ Cesar,´ Cardinal, 229 227 Diefendorf, Barbara, 244 Formulary Crisis, 4, 105, 222 Divine Right Cardinal de Retz and, 112–113, 125 Of monarchy, 7, 14, 84, 104–105, 110, First mandement of vicars general of 239 Retz, 113–114, 124, 125 Of bishops, 88 Mandement of archbishop Per´ efixe,´ Dodun, Genevieve,` 216 145–146 Dowries, monastic Port-Royal nuns and, 14, 17, 105–106, Angelique´ Arnauld’s rejection of, 27 142, 156, 161–162, 163 Benedictine rule and, 21 Second mandement of the vicars general Cheaper than marriage dowries, 22 of Retz, 124, 133 Du Fargis d’Angennes, Marie de Schisms among Jansen’s defenders Sainte-Madeleine, Prioress of during, 114, 116–117 Port-Royal-des-Champs, 119, 149 See also Bishops, Papal infallibility, Duguet, Jean-Joseph, 196, 223 Nicolas Pavillon, Right/fact Dumesnil, Claude-Louise de distinction Sainte-Anastasie des Courtiaux, Francis I, King of France, 193–194 Prioress of Port-Royal-des-Champs, Free will.SeeGrace 208, 216, 225, 236 French Monarchy Correspondence with Joncoux, 217, Aligns interests with bishops, 101, 107, 220–221, 229, 233 143 Concern for schism among nuns, 221, Attacks on Port-Royal, 10, 15 230, 235–236 Curtails powers of Parlement, 107 On publishing, 231–232 Divine right of, 14, 85, 104, 143, 239 Prefers Port-Royal’s destruction to lapse Gallican resistance to, 10 in discipline, 219, 228, 229, 232, 237 Motivations for persecuting Jansenists, Dupre,´ Marguerite de Sainte-Gertrude, 10, 79, 102, 105, 143, 144–145, 199, 150–152, 157, 241 239–240 Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean-Amboise.See Nominations to Church benefices, 107, Saint-Cyran, Duvergier de Hauranne, 190–191, 193 abbede´ Regulates individual consciences, 105, 143, 241 Elections, monastic, 28, 29, 191–192, 193, Right of regale´ , 193 197, 199, 202, 203–204, 205, 216 Tensions with papacy, 141 Equality.SeeIndividual Self, Feminism See also names of individual kings and ministers, Gallicanism, Regalian Feminism, 15, 159 Rights Controversy

Index 267

Fronde, 10 Harlay, Marie-Anne de, Abbess of Migration of nuns to Paris during, 78, Port-Royal-de-Paris, 209 81 Havart, M., 220 Politicizes Jansenist debates, 79–80, Hebert,´ M., 219 102–103 Henry IV, King of France, 22–23 Religious Fronde, 85 Hermant, Godefroy, 23, 25, 91, 138 Heresy Gallicanism, 10, 15, 79, 141 Associated with “blind passion,” 42–43 And defense of Port-Royal nuns, 180 Associated with system of elections, 199, Linked to Jansenist heresy by Crown, 205 145 Definition of, 39 Bishops and, 10, 79, 86–87, 88, 100, Jansenism as, 3, 7, 18, 144, 176–177 106, 182, 185, 211, 241 “Singularity” as mark of, 39 Parlement and, 10, 79, 89, 94, 101, 106, Women and, 3, 8, 20, 35, 46, 49, 50, 164 197 Monarchy and, 87–88, 142, 239 See also Angelique´ Arnauld, Calvinism, Loyal opposition to Crown and, 10, 86, Isaac Habert, Saint Paul, Secret 102, 106, 142, 145, 239 Chaplet Gazier, Augustin, 237 Hibernian Affair, 45, 46 General Assembly of the Clergy, 13, 100, Human Faith (doctrine of), 17, 146–147, 101, 107, 122, 124, 177, 212 223 Gilbert, M., Vicar General of Archbishop See also Hardouin de Per´ efixe´ Noailles, 213, 214–215 Human Faith (in Port-Royal Logic), Gondi, Jean François de, Archbishop of 147 Paris, 74–75 Gondrin, Louis-Henri de Pardailhan de, In Eminenti (papal bull), 86 Archbishop of Sens, 88, 89, 94, 101, Individual self 122, 164, 185, 187 As source of certainty in moral Gonzaga-Cleves,` Louise-Marie de, princess questions, 104, 132 of Mantua and Queen of Poland: 56, As response to absolute authority, 106, 57, 70–74 245 Grace, 18, 33, 39, 47–48, 64 Defense of conscience of, 105 Efficacious, 3 Equality of, 17, 246 Sufficient, 3 Western constructions of, 245 Saint-Cyran’s description of, 65 Ines´ de la Cruz, Juana, 12 Grand Conseil, 232, 233 Innocent X, Pope, 86, 89, 144 Greenblatt, Steven, 106 Innocent XI, Pope, 193, 209 Guyart, Denis, 95 Examines Port-Royal’s constitutions, 198, 199 Habert, Isaac, Theologian of Notre-Dame Refuses to confirm French bishops, and Bishop of Vabres, 40–41 183 Accusations against Saint-Cyran, 40 Threatens Louis XIV with Defines Jansenism in sermons, 38–40 excommunication, 200 Petitions Rome to censor Jansen’s See also Regalian Rights Controversy propositions, 46, 85, 90 Innocent XII, Pope, 206 Refuted by Antoine Arnauld, 40–41, 64, Institute of the Holy Sacrament, 26, 28, 29, 70 30, 33, 52, 76.SeealsoAngelique´ Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Arnauld, Saint-Cyran, Secret Chaplet, Paris, 196, 198, 200, 209 Sebastien Zamet Harlay de Champvallon, Mme, Abbess of Irish priests, 45, 46.SeealsoJohn Port-Royal-de-Paris, 209 Callaghan, Hiberian Affair

268 Index

Jansen, Cornelius, Bishop of Ypres, 2, 3, 8, Joncoux, Françoise Marguerite de, 208, 10, 17, 69, 79 216–217, 218 Critique of Jesuits by, 18, 51 Correspondence with Dumesnil, 217, Propositions attributed to, 4, 38, 46, 48, 220–221, 224–225 85, 88, 91, 95, 100, 144, 159, 160, Correspondence with Port-Royal’s male 207 advisors, 223–224 Relationship with Saint-Cyran, 3, 32 Joncoux, Jean de, 216 Respect for Church authority, 15, 159 Journee´ du guichet, 20–21, 24, 25, 26 Jansen, Paule, 85, 91 Jansenism Labadie, Jean de, 48 Absolutism and, 14–15, 21, 102, 159 Largentier, Denis, Abbot of Clairvaux, As a querelle des femmes, 19, 20, 44, 50, 27 94, 140 Laval de Boisdauphin, Henri de, Bishop of Associated with Irish priests, 46 La Rochelle, 186 Early definitions of, 38–40 Le Maistre, Antoine, 68–69, 80, 81, 82, French Revolution and, 6, 14 111 History of, 6–7 Refutes Zamet’s Memoire,´ 36–38, 43, Synonymous with Port-Royal, 44 92 See also Heresy, Jansenist polemics, Le Roy, Guillaume, Abbot of Jansenists Hautefontaine, 114–115, 123, 186 Jansenist polemics, 7 Lessius, Leonard, 193 Anti-Jansenist positions in, 20, 39, Le Tardif, Marie-Genevieve` de 42–43, 49, 91 Saint-Augustin, Abbess of As debates over moral theology, 193 Port-Royal-de-Paris, 28, 98 As defense of individual conscience, 105, Letters, as genre, 59–60, 74 116 Liancourt Affair, 90, 91–94, 103 As dogmatic dispute, 3, 6, 18 Liancourt, Roger Du Plessis, Duke of, As ecclesiastical conflict, 18 195 As political conflict, 6, 79 Ligny, Madeleine de Sainte-Agnes` de, As struggle over female conscience, 140 Abbess of Port-Royal, 125, 137 Children in, 91, 98, 196 Ligny, Dominique de, Bishop of Meaux, Fronde and, 79–80 186 Jansenist critiques of Jesuits in, 41, 43, Lionne, Hugues de, 95 45, 99, 145–146 Longueville, Louise-Marie de Bourbon, the Women in, 2, 3–5, 8, 11, 13, 19, 43, first duchess of, 30, 31 52–53, 71, 92–94 Longueville, Anne-Genevieve` de Bourbon, See also François Annat, Antoine the second duchess of, 57, 169, 185, Arnauld, Jean de Brisacier, Formulary 186, 187, 195, 196 Crisis, Isaac Habert, Papal Infallibility, Lougee, Carolyn, 19 querelle des femmes, Secret Chaplet, Louis XIII, King of France, 107 Jer´ omeˆ Seguin´ Allows triennial elections at Port-Royal, Jansenists 28, 197 As “disciples of Augustine,” 3, 4, 53, 90, Louis XIV, King of France 93, 193, 196 Champion of Gallican liberties, 142, Accused of Calvinism, 47–48, 51 145 As historians, 5 Continues Mazarin’s anti-Jansenist Attitude towards king, 4, 116 policies, 106, 139 Loyalty to Catholic Church, 40–41 Crisis in final years of reign, 1–2, Jesuits, 3, 4, 6, 13, 23, 25, 91 206–207, 242 Accused of Pelagianism, 18 Declares personal rule, 104, 139, 239 Of Louvain, 18, 38 Demands signatures to the formulary, See also François Annat, Jansenist 105, 107, 145 polemics, Molinism, Jer´ omeˆ Seguin´ Disciplines Pavillon, 179, 182

Index 269

Edict of April 29 (1664), 142–145, Critiques sans deroger´ clause, 215 175–177, 182 Early support for Establishes his conseil de conscience Port-Royal-des-Champs, 209–210 (council of conscience), 106–107 Motivations for persecuting Persecution of Port-Royal, 1–2, Port-Royal-des-Champs, 212 107–109, 196–199, 218, 227–228, Offers compromise to Port-Royal nuns, 234, 236–237, 239, 241, 242 228–229, 237 Personal conscience of, 10, 17, 106, 139, Nobles 142, 239 Of the robe, 18, 21, 22, 24, 36, 59–60 Retz, Cardinal and, 102, 124–125, Of the sword, 18, 36 137 Social mobility among, 18–19, 22 Pursues right of nomination over Relations between, 18–19, 22 Port-Royal-des-Champs, 195, Nouveau Testament de Mons, 193 196–198, 199–200, 208 Nuns Solicits Vineam Domini, 211 Agency of, 11–12, 13, 243, 244–245 See also Regalian Rights Controversy Annunciation (Boulogne), 61.Seealso Louis Macquet Macquet, Louis, 51, 61, 62–63, 69–70 Carmelites (Paris), 30 Maignelay, Claude-Marguerite de Gondi, Converse sisters, 166 marquise de, 30 Notre-Dame-de-Charonne, abbey of, Maintenon, Mme de, 209, 234, 235 195 Maire, Catherine, 15 Notre-Dame-de-Tard, abbey of, 28 Marignier, Guillaume, 212, 215 Saint-Cyr, abbey of, 22, 23, 25, 234 Marion, Catherine, 19 Urbanists of Saint Claire, 195 Marion, Simon, 23, 25 Visitation nuns, 166 Marmion, M. (Cartesian scholar), 216 See also names of individual nuns, Maubuisson, abbey of, 23, 26–27 Port-Royal-de-Paris, Mazarin, Jules de, Cardinal, 10, 73, 100, Port-Royal-des-Champs, Port-Royal 180 nuns Conﬂict with Cardinal de Retz, 85, 89–90, 102, 108 Obedience, 12, 116, 139, 222 Exploits Jansenist debates for political Passive obedience, 59, 242 purposes, 79, 85–86, 88, 91–92, Oratorian priests, 98 94–95, 102, 145, 239 Need to improve relations with Rome, Papal infallibility, doctrine of 86 Condemned by Sorbonne, 14, 184 Persecutes Port-Royal, 95–96 In formulary crisis, 145, 148, 158, 164, Memoires´ d’Utrecht, 81 176, 184, 241 Miracle of the Holy Thorn, 98, 108, Papal Inquisition, fear of in France, 101 180 Parlement Molinists, 3 Appel comme d’abus, 89, 101, 144, 164, Mysticism, 98 168, 233, 240 Gallican liberties and, 10, 79, 89, 94, New Historicists, 106 101, 106, 164 Nicene Creed, 47 Powers curtailed by monarchy, 107, Nicole, Pierre, 2, 133, 147, 186 168 Les pernicieuses consequences de la Pascal, Blaise, 2, 97, 113 nouvelle her´ esie´ des Jesuites´ contre le Adopts Jacqueline’s critique of Arnauld, Roi, 148 132–133 Noailles, Louis-Antoine de, Archbishop of Dowry affair and, 84 Paris, 209, 234, 236 Ecrit sur la signature, 133 Blocks elections at Provincial Letters, 97, 133 Port-Royal-des-Champs, 216 Pascal, Etienne, 84

270 Index

Pascal, Jacqueline, 5, 83, 98, 106, 119, Pocock, J.G.A., 147.SeealsoCambridge 128, 163 School of Political Thought On bishops, 122, 179 Poland, 71.SeealsoLouise-Marie de On female martyrdom, 121–122, 127 Gonzaga-Cleves` Opposes right/fact distinction, 120–123, Pollet, Firmin, Vicar of 132, 140 Saint-Nicholas-du-Chardonnet, Signs first mandement, 123, 124 221–223, 224, 225 Passart, Flavie, 98, 135, 163, 180 Pontchateau,ˆ Sebastien´ Joseph du Cambout Patriarchal authority, 9, 75, 180 de, 195, 198 Paul of Tarsus, Saint, on heretics, 34–35. Port-Royal as Jansenist seminary, 156 See also Pauline Interdictions Port-Royal-des-Champs, 2, 19, 80, 208 Paulette, edict of (1604), 19 Archives of, 231, 232–233, 234, 236 Pauline Interdictions, 4, 11–12, 13, 60, As “nest” of heresy, 196, 216, 228 105.SeealsoCatholic Church Constitutions of, 56, 198, 199, 201 Pavillon, Nicholas, Bishop of Alet, Elections at, 28, 29, 191, 197, 202, 169 203–204, 216 Aligns interests with Port-Royal nuns, Legally separated from 177–179, 187 Port-Royal-de-Paris, 190–192 As model bishop, 169, 179, 180 Myth of, in memory, 5–6, 7, 51–52, 242, Disciplined by Louis XIV, 179, 184 243 Early support for the formulary, 169, Prohibited from recruiting new 171 members, 216 Louis XIV’s edict of April 29 (1664), his Property and estates of, 54 opposition to, 175–177, 182, 184 Renovations of by Arnauld family, 22, Peace of Clement IX and, 180, 182, 54, 56 183–184, 186–187, 189, 229 Unhealthy living conditions at, 27 Port-Royal nuns and, 168–169, See also Angelique´ Arnauld, Louis XIV, 170–179, 187–190, 205, 226 Port-Royal Nuns Refuses to circulate formulary, 15, 138, Port-Royal-de-Paris, 27–28, 80 159, 170, 171 Financial problems, 207 Refusestosignformulary,184 Governed by Visitation nuns, 166 Rituel d’Alet, 193 Houses nuns that sign the formulary, See also Regalian Rights Controversy 164, 180 Perdreau, Dorothy, Abbess of Louis XIV claims right of nomination Port-Royal-de-Paris, 164, 180, 182, over, 164, 182, 190 190, 191, 192, 209 Legally separated from Per´ efixe,´ Hardouin de, Bishop of Rodez Port-Royal-des-Champs, 190–192 and Archbishop of Paris, 139, 141, Solicits reunification with 241 Port-Royal-des-Champs, 207, 210, And papal infallibility, 145, 147, 161, 217–218, 232 164 Port-Royal Logic, 147 Disciplines Port-Royal nuns, 163, Port-Royal Nuns, 27–28, 105, 106, 111, 164–168 138 “Human faith” and, 145, 146, 147, 151, As rational beings, 128, 132, 149–150, 153, 162, 180 155, 158, 160 Interrogates Port-Royal nuns, 150–161 Conflicts with male Jansenists, 126–128, Pardons Port-Royal nuns (1669), 137, 189 189–190 Corporate versus individual identity of, Perier,´ Marguerite, 98, 124 117, 132, 140, 162 Petit, Thomas, Cure´ d’Herblay, 112 Gallicanism and, 180 Pius V, Pope, 18 On royal nominations, 190–191

Index 271

Defense of conscience, 17, 119, 149, Schisms among, 10, 57, 58, 59, 98, 100, 157, 180, 213, 241, 245 103, 117, 126–127, 132, 134–136, Defense of elections, 191–192, 193 163–164, 180–181, 237, 241 Feminism of, 17, 105, 162, 180, sans deroger´ clause by, 213–214, 215, 245–246 226, 237 Fronde, charitable activities during, 78, Solicit help from potential allies, 81, 82, 103 164–169, 170–179, 198, 206, 227 Formulary crisis and, 14, 17, 105–106, Theological knowledge of, 13, 92–93, 117–119, 126, 136, 142, 161–162, 117, 118, 123, 159–160, 240 163 See also names of individual nuns Jesuit critiques and rumors against, Precieuses,´ the, 106 42–43, 44, 47–49, 72, 75, 91–94, 95, Preclin,´ Edmund, 6 103, 108 Primate of Lyon, court of, 220, 227, 230, Journals and reports composed by, 231, 233 80–81, 111, 149, 155, 212, 213, Public sphere, 207, 239 221 Malaria among, 27, 54, 80 Quesnel, Pasquier, 196 Martyrdom of, 58–59, 111, 124, 156, Querelle des femmes, 16 209, 237, 238 as symptom of social anxieties, 19, 36 Miracles among, 96, 98–99, 100, 108, Feminist positions within, 20, 38, 162 163 Jansenism as a, 19, 20, 44, 50, 94, 140 Mission to combat Jesuit sin, 52–53, 57, Misogynist arguments within, 19, 20, 36 74–75, 77, 78, 237 Port-Royal nuns and, 20, 36–38, 105 Pascal family, influence among, 100, Secret Chaplet affair as, 36–38 134, 135, 136, 163 Within Catholic Church, 19, 20 Patrons of, 56–57, 71, 195–196 Papal infallibility and, 148–149, 164, Redeemed language, 67, 70 241 Regalian Rights Controversy Pavillon and, 168–169, 170–179, 180 As part of Jansenist debates, 183, 200 Peace of Clement IX and, 187–190 As continuation of formulary crisis, 204, Persecution of, by monarchy, 95–96, 241 102–103, 107–109, 196–199, Congregation of the regale´ , 183, 194, 207–208 195 Political actions of, 3, 14 Declaration of the regale´ , 182–183, Political theory of, 8–9, 74, 240 193–194 Population of, 27, 83, 91, 103, 195, 196, Pavillon’s resistance to the regale´ , 183, 207 194 Publications by, 226, 229, 231–232 Regiminus apolsolici (papal bull), 184 Querelle des femmes and, 20, 36–38, Religious Fronde.SeeFronde 105 Renewals (penitential exercises), 32–33, Recruit new members to the convent, 52, 240 78–79, 82, 196–197 Retz, Jean-François Paul de Gondi, Port-Royal-de-Paris, and 190–193, 218, Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris, 10, 229, 233, 234 195 Responses to persecution, 9, 15, 76–77, Conflict with Mazarin, 85, 89–90, 102, 99, 111, 149–150, 162, 189, 190, 108 191, 200–201, 208, 225–226, 231, Formulary crisis and, 112–113, 125 235, 237–238, 240–242 Settlement with Louis XIV, 102, 137 Rhetorical strategies of, 12, 13, 112, Richelieu, 15, 41, 207 240–241, 244, 246 Arrests Saint-Cyran, 34, 36, 155 Saint-Cyran, confessor of, 32, 33 Richer, Edmund, 6

272 Index

Richerism, 85 Publishes Saint-Cyran’s “maxims,” 42 Right/fact distinction, 4, 88, 94, 95, Revives Secret Chaplet controversy, 113 42–43 Antoine Arnauld’s defense of, Sevign´ e,´ Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, 115–116 marquise de, 57, 60, 195 Critiques of, 114–115 Scholasticism, 12, 13 (Guillaume Le Roy), 120–123 Science of Saints, 12, 13, 37, 60, 64, (Jacqueline Pascal), 133 240 (Blaise Pascal), 113, 120 Scott, Joan Wallach, 16–17, 162, 245 In episcopal mandements, 88, 113–114, Secret Chaplet 184 Agnes` Arnauld, author of, 31, 98 Port-Royal nuns and, 4–5, 140 Affair of, 20, 30–31, 33, 36, 52 Riley, Denise, 246 In querelle des femmes, 36–38 Rohan, Anne de, the princess of Guemen´ e,´ In Jansenist polemics, 42, 49 56, 195 Singlin, Antoine, 58, 82, 84, 107, 108, 126, 137 Sable,´ Madeleine de Souvre,´ the Marquise Sinnich, John, 46 de, 56, 186 Skinner, Quentin, 10, 11, 100 Saint-Beuve, Charles-Augustin, 5–6, 105 Sluhovsky, Moshe, 244 Saint-Claude, Jacques Le Noire de, Solitaires, 6, 56, 72, 73, 96, 243 217–218, 219, 220, 223, 226, Publications of, 41 227 Sorbonne, 23 Saint-Cyran, Jean-Ambroise Duvergier de Censors Antoine Arnauld, 95 Hauranne, Abbot of, 8, 9, 15, 32, 41, Censors Jesuit thesis on papal 58, 106, 155, 159 infallibility, 141 Arrest of, 34, 36, 47–48, 155 Censors the Secret Chaplet, 31 Catechism by (Theologie´ familiere),` 40, Speech acts, 11, 17, 76 62–63 Spirituality.SeeCatholic Church Defends the Secret Chaplet, 31 Strict observance movement (Cistercian Jansen and, 3, 32 order), 21, 27 Isaac Habert and, 40 Stuurman, Siep, 16, 245 Letters by, in print, 193 Suireau, Marie des Anges, Abbess of On contrition, 33, 99 Port-Royal, 55, 97, 98 On episcopal authority, 61 On grace, 65 Taignier, Claude, 112 On monastic decline and renewal, 54 Teresa of Avila, Saint, 12, 37 On scholastics, 13 Theologie´ familiere` , 40, 62–63 On self-sacriﬁce, 58–59 Theologie´ morale des Jesuites,´ 41 On spiritual renewals, 32–33, 52, 240 Tradition de l’Eglise sur la penitence, On the “science of saints,” 12–13, 37 64 Petrus Aurelius, 61 Polemical attacks against, 34–36, 42 Unigenitus (papal bull), 5 Port-Royal and, 32, 33, 52–57, 76, 240, University of Louvain, 18, 193 243 Prisoner, 39, 41, 51, 56–57 Van Kley, Dale, 6, 14 Salons, 19 Vertus, Catherine-Franc¸oise de Seguier,´ Pierre, Chancellor of Parlement, Bretagne-d’Avaugour de, 169, 170, 101, 184 173, 186, 195 Seguin,´ Jer´ ome,ˆ 42–43 via notarum, 39 Critiques On Frequent Communion, Vialart de Herse, Felix,´ Bishop of Chalons,ˆ 42 125, 126, 137, 186

Index 273

Vineam Domini (papal bull), 207, 208, Role in Jansenist polemics, 3–5, 8, 11, 212 13 Vivant, Franc¸ois, Vicar General of Theological knowledge of, 37, 123, 160 Archbishop Noailles, 218, 219, (See also Science of Saints) 220–221, 230 See also Agency, Feminism, Pauline Interdictions, querelle des femmes Wars of Religion, French 7, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 23 Zamet, Sebastien, Bishop of Langres, 58, Women 98 As agents of Catholic reform, 7, 20, Memoire´ against Saint-Cyran and 61–62, 243 Angelique´ Arnauld, 34–36 As patrons of ecclesiastical institutions, Refuted by Antoine Le Maistre, 36–38, 30, 56–57 92 Associated with heresy, 3, 8 Relationship with Angelique´ Arnauld, Convulsionary, 242 29, 31–32, 33 Letter-writing practices of, 59–60 Institute of the Holy Sacrament, founder “Precious women” (precieuses´ ), of, 27 106 Monastic reforms of, 28