On the Use of Modern Technological Technique for the Teaching of Anaang/Ibibio Tones
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A Constraint-Based Analysis of Obligatory Contour Principle in Anaang Morphological Constructions
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 466-476, May 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1203.17 A Constraint-based Analysis of Obligatory Contour Principle in Anaang Morphological Constructions Unwana Akpabio Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria Olusanmi Babarinde Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria George Iloene Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria Abstract—The obligatory contour principle forbids identical consecutive features in the underlying representation. This work undertakes a description of the Anaang tonal structure, the tonal behaviour of compounds and reduplicates in the language, bearing in mind their sensitivity to the OCP and the environments that trigger the adherence. An adapted Ibadan wordlist of 400 Basic Items (Trial) English version was used via interview for data collection from six men and six women within Abak Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State. The data were analysed using optimality theoretical framework. The analysis shows that Anaang compounds as well as reduplicates exhibit cases of tonal modifications in line with OCP. For compounds, the tone of the second noun changes depending on the tonal sequence. In the HH noun base, the second-high tone of the second noun changes to a low tone, in the LH noun base, the tone of the second noun is raised to a down-stepped high tone, the LL noun base sees the tone of the second noun being raised to a high tone. -
A Contrastive Study of the Ibibio and Igbo Sound Systems
A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE IBIBIO AND IGBO SOUND SYSTEMS GOD’SPOWER ETIM Department Of Languages And Communication Abia State Polytechnic P.M.B. 7166, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. [email protected] ABSTRACT This research strives to contrast the consonant phonemes, vowel phonemes and tones of Ibibio and Igbo in order to describe their similarities and differences. The researcher adopted the descriptive method, and relevant data on the phonology of the two languages were gathered and analyzed within the framework of CA before making predictions and conclusions. Ibibio consists of ten vowels and fourteen consonant phonemes, while Igbo is made up of eight vowels and twenty-eight consonants. The results of contrastive analysis of the two languages showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the sound systems of the languages. There are some sounds in Ibibio which are not present in Igbo. Also many sounds are in Igbo which do not exist in Ibibio. Both languages share the phonemes /e, a, i, o, ɔ, u, p, b, t, d, k, kp, m, n, ɲ, j, ŋ, f, s, j, w/. All the phonemes in Ibibio are present in Igbo except /ɨ/, /ʉ/, and /ʌ/. Igbo has two vowel segments /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ and also fourteen consonant phonemes /g, gb, kw, gw, ŋw, v, z, ʃ, h, ɣ, ʧ, ʤ, l, r/ which Ibibio lacks. Both languages have high, low and downstepped tones but Ibibio further has contour or gliding tones which are not tone types in Igbo. Also, the downstepped tone in Ibibio is conventionally marked with exclamation point, while in Igbo, it is conventionally marked with a raised macron over the segments bearing it. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Cassava Farmers' Preferences for Varieties and Seed Dissemination
Cassava farmers’ preferences for varieties and seed dissemination system in Nigeria: Gender and regional perspectives Jeffrey Bentley, Adetunji Olanrewaju, Tessy Madu, Olamide Olaosebikan, Tahirou Abdoulaye, Tesfamichael Wossen, Victor Manyong, Peter Kulakow, Bamikole Ayedun, Makuachukwu Ojide, Gezahegn Girma, Ismail Rabbi, Godwin Asumugha, and Mark Tokula www.iita.org i ii Cassava farmers’ preferences for varieties and seed dissemination system in Nigeria: Gender and regional perspectives J. Bentley, A. Olanrewaju, T. Madu, O. Olaosebikan, T. Abdoulaye, T. Wossen, V. Manyong, P. Kulakow, B. Ayedun, M. Ojide, G. Girma, I. Rabbi, G. Asumugha, and M. Tokula International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan February 2017 IITA Monograph i Published by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria. 2017 IITA is a non-profit institution that generates agricultural innovations to meet Africa’s most pressing challenges of hunger, malnutrition, poverty, and natural resource degradation. Working with various partners across sub-Saharan Africa, we improve livelihoods, enhance food and nutrition security, increase employment, and preserve natural resource integrity. It is a member of the CGIAR System Organization, a global research partnership for a food secure future. International address: IITA, Grosvenor House, 125 High Street Croydon CR0 9XP, UK Headquarters: PMB 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Oyo State ISBN 978-978-8444-82-4 Correct citation: Bentley, J., A. Olanrewaju, T. Madu, O. Olaosebikan, T. Abdoulaye, T. Wossen, V. Manyong, P. Kulakow, B. Ayedun, M. Ojide, G. Girma, I. Rabbi, G. Asumugha, and M. Tokula. 2017. Cassava farmers’ preferences for varieties and seed dissemination system in Nigeria: Gender and regional perspectives. IITA Monograph, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. -
1 Engaging Appropriate Affixation for English And
ENGAGING APPROPRIATE AFFIXATION FOR ENGLISH AND ANAANG LANGUAGES: A MORPHO-SYNTACTIC STUDY AT DISTRIBUTIONAL EQUIVALENCE FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA BEYOND 2020 Susana T. Udoka (Ph.D) and Edenowo T. Enang Abstract This Study: Engaging Appropriate Affixation System for English and Anaang: Amorpho-Syntactic Study at Distributional Equivalence for Education and Development in Nigeria Beyond 2020 which is the first in the area, takes a look at all the morphological processes which are involved in affixation; as well as the application of these processes on syntax-related rank scales in order to account appropriately for affixation as a very important aspect of morphology. It also aims at revealing the possible universals of the two languages in the field of word-formation.. The theoretical frameworks used in this study are the three-in –one tool; contrastive analysis (CA), error analysis (EA)and needs analysis (NA) which are identifiable by the researchers to be effectively operational in revealing the linguistic universals between the two languages. The general assumption here, is that the aspect of similarities will facilitate learning the second language, especially if a rule in L1 is identical to a rule in L2 and applied to propagate Educational sensitization that will usher in Development in Nigeria in 2020 and beyond. Keywords: Engaging, Appropriate, Affixation, Morpho-Syntax, Distributional equivalence, Education, Development and Beyond. Anaang is a name which marks dual identification: it identifies a people – the Anaang and their language. As a people, the Anaang are claimed to be the second largest ethnic group after the Ibibio in the present day Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. -
An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
AN ATLAS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES 3rd. Edition Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road, Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone 00-44-(0)1223-560687 Mobile 00-44-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Skype 2.0 identity: roger blench i Introduction The present electronic is a fully revised and amended edition of ‘An Index of Nigerian Languages’ by David Crozier and Roger Blench (1992), which replaced Keir Hansford, John Bendor-Samuel and Ron Stanford (1976), a pioneering attempt to synthesize what was known at the time about the languages of Nigeria and their classification. Definition of a Language The preparation of a listing of Nigerian languages inevitably begs the question of the definition of a language. The terms 'language' and 'dialect' have rather different meanings in informal speech from the more rigorous definitions that must be attempted by linguists. Dialect, in particular, is a somewhat pejorative term suggesting it is merely a local variant of a 'central' language. In linguistic terms, however, dialect is merely a regional, social or occupational variant of another speech-form. There is no presupposition about its importance or otherwise. Because of these problems, the more neutral term 'lect' is coming into increasing use to describe any type of distinctive speech-form. However, the Index inevitably must have head entries and this involves selecting some terms from the thousands of names recorded and using them to cover a particular linguistic nucleus. In general, the choice of a particular lect name as a head-entry should ideally be made solely on linguistic grounds. -
The Ideophones in Anaang Language: from the Syntactic Point of View
THE IDEOPHONES IN ANAANG LANGUAGE: FROM THE SYNTACTIC POINT OF VIEW Edenowo T. Enang Department of English /Lit Studies, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus. Akwa Ibom State. Aniekan L. Nyarks Department of English /Lit Studies, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus. Akwa Ibom State. Iniobong D. Utin Department of English /Lit Studies, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus. Akwa Ibom State. Sussana T. Udoka, (Ph.D) Department of English /Lit Studies, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus. Akwa Ibom State. And Maurice E. Udom, (Ph.D) Department of English /Lit Studies, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus. Akwa Ibom State. Abstract From the standpoint of the modern transformational-generative theory, grammar is an embodiment of morphology, phonology, syntax and semantics of any natural language. This paper focused attention on the African Education Indices, Volume 7 No. 1, August, 2014, ISSN: 2276 – 982X 1 Edenowo T. Enang; Aniekan L. Nyarks; Iniobong D. Utin; Sussana T. Udoka, (Ph.D) and Maurice E. Udom, (Ph.D) system of rules that controls the occurrences and the distribution of ideophones in Anaang. Grammar is used here in the sense of syntax, though some references may be made to other levels, where necessary. By so doing, this work will be more meticulous and exhaustive. As the first detailed research work ever into ideophones in Anaang language, the researchers have made a detailed and painstaking examination and description of these syntactic categories in Anaang language with grammatical implicatins. Ibibio and Anaang languages are mutually intelligible; therefore, the researchers have reviewed the existing literature related to the Ibibio language and ideophones generally but with specific attention on the ideophones in Anaang language. -
The Structure of Idioms in Ibibio
International Journal of Language and Literature December 2017, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 185-196 ISSN: 2334-234X (Print), 2334-2358 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijll.v5n2a19 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v5n2a19 The Structure of Idioms in Ibibio Escor Efiong Udosen1, Imeobong John Offong2 & Maria-Helen Ekah3 Abstract Idioms exist in Ibibio, a Lower Cross language spoken in Nigeria. This paper attempts an investigation of the structure of this figurative language arising from the basis that they are constituents beyond the word. It relies on the Continuity Constraint framework proposed by William O‟Grady in 1998 to explain the relationship that exists among the lexical components of idioms such that they must of a necessity occur with one another to convey the meaning they do, otherwise, the meaning changes. Data were gathered from the interactions of Ibibio speakers who reside in large numbers in Calabar, Cross River State. They were extracted by the researchers‟ native speaker knowledge of the language. It is discovered that sentence idioms which are interrogatives, declaratives and imperatives occur in Ibibio. Compound idioms are also a reality in the language as well as Noun Phrase Idioms. It has also been seen that by virtue of usage, infinitive phrase and Negative constructions exist as idioms in the language. Keywords: Ibibio, Idioms, Infinitive, Phrase, Structure 1.0 Introduction Language is structured. It is a system of signs and symbols which communicate information or messages, ideas and emotions among humans. It is made up of levels which can be analysed scientifically. -
Documenting the Significance of the Ibibio Traditional Marriage Gift Items: a Communicative Approach
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2014; 2(3): 181-189 Published online April 30, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijll) doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20140203.17 Documenting the significance of the Ibibio traditional marriage gift items: A communicative approach Bassey Andian Okon 1, Edemekong Lawson Ekpe 1, Stella Asibong Ansa 2 1Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 2Department of English and Literary Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Email address: [email protected] (B. A. Okon), [email protected] (E. L. Ekpe), [email protected] (S. A. Ansa) To cite this article: Bassey Andian Okon, Edemekong Lawson Ekpe, Stella Asibong Ansa. Documenting the Significance of the Ibibio Traditional Marriage Gift Items: A Communicative Approach. International Journal of Language and Linguistics. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2014, pp. 181-189. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20140203.17 Abstract: Marriage is one of the culture universals being that it is contracted in every society of the world, but its mode of contract varies from one society to the other. This paper unravels the significance and reasons for the traditional marriage gifts in Ibibio traditional marriage. Gifts in general, have meanings attached when given or received but most importantly, they communicate the culture of the people and other forms of emotions. Through this work, the different items given and the significance of the gifts in Ibibio traditional marriage/ culture are shown. The theoretical framework is the semiotic approach which has to do with the science of sign system or signification which is amenable to this paper. -
Print This Article
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature ISSN 2200-3592 (Print), ISSN 2200-3452 (Online) Vol. 2 No. 6; November 2013 Copyright © Australian International Academic Centre, Australia Articulatory Analysis of Palatalization in Anaang Mfon Brownson Ekpe English Department, College of Humanities Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Received: 01-08-2013 Accepted: 03-09-2013 Published: 01-11-2013 doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.6p.155 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.6p.155 Abstract This paper examines the Articulatory features of palatalisation in the phonology of Anaang language. Anaang is a developing language spoken by the Anaang people in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Genetically, Anaang is a Lower Cross Language of the Benue-Congo sub-family of the Niger-Congo Language Phylum. The objectives of the study are to investigate the articulatory features of Anaang and how palatalisation is formed in the language. The population is made of sixteen informants, two from each of the eight local government areas in Anaang speaking areas. Collection of data is based on interviews, participant observation and personal interaction with the informants. In achieving this, fifty items were used from SIL Comparative African Wordlists. Interviews were both formally and informally recorded in a digital midget. Formally, the recordings were done on the knowledge of the informants who were asked to pronounce words in Anaang. Informally, data were recorded unknowingly to the informants in social gatherings. Articulatory Model by Browman & Goldstein (1990) is adopted as the theoretical frame for the analysis. The theory recognizes gestures as abstract, discreet and dynamically defined units which are invariant, but overlap in time due to their internal spatio-temporal organisation. -
Mbembe - English Dictionary
MBEMBE - ENGLISH DICTIONARY compiled by Ebinda Oyama and Katharine Barnwell PRELIMINARY EDITION 1985/1995 (This preliminary edition is intended for testing with other Mbembe language speakers. Your comments and corrections are invited so that a printed edition can be more complete and correct.) Nigeria Bible Translation Trust, P.O. Box 790, Jos, Nigeria NOTE: This version has been reformatted into Word for Windows format by Roger Blench. I am still working on the conversion, slowly and painfully Cambridge, October 6, 2006 PREFACE The material for this dictionary has been compiled over a period of twenty years. Many Mbembe speakers have contributed and their help is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to give personal acknowledgement to each one who has helped. Amongst those who have given regular help over the years are the following: Chairman Rev. L.E. Ebak Mr. L.O. Enyam The late Elder E. Ogaghe Mrs. Hannah Oyama Mr. C.O. Agbor Mr. O. Irom Mr. E. Ogbinji Mr. M. Obem Mr. O. Etaba CONTENTS PART ONE - INTRODUCTION TO THE MBEMBE LANGUAGE 1. The Dialects Of Mbembe: A Survey 2. The Mbembe Alphabet 3. Some Facts About Nouns And Words Which Qualify Nouns 4. More About The Grammar Of Mbembe 5. Some Facts About Verbs 6. The Order Of Words In Mbembe 7. Some Common Phrases 8. Linguistic Differences Between Mbembe Dialects PART TWO - DICTIONARY Nouns beginning with a Verbs beginning with b Verbs beginning with bh Verbs beginning with by Verbs beginning with ch Verbs beginning with d Nouns beginning with e Verbs beginning with f Verbs beginning -
THE PEDIGREE of NATION Historical Linguistics in Nigeria An
THE PEDIGREE OF NATION Historical Linguistics in Nigeria An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at the University of Port Harcourt On Tuesday, 7th April, 1987 By Kay Williamson Professor and Head of the Department of Linguistics and African Languages University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt, Nigeria. University of Port Harcourt 1987 INTRODUCTION By now we can speak of a tradition of inaugural lectures in the University of Port Harcourt. I would therefore like to refer back to the first one given by Professor Alagoa, in which he stressed the interdisciplinary nature of history and the contributions made to it by other discipline including linguistics. Rather than address myself to whole discipline of linguistics, I have decided today to restrict myself to one particular area, historical linguistics, which is the area that feeds into history. I should explain that I am making no attempt to be comprehensive in my coverage either of historical linguistics (itself a vast subject) or of its application to Nigeria; I am attempting to give some of the results of the discipline rather than a survey of its methods, and to concentrate on those which seem of particular relevance to us in this part of Nigeria. HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE Like many of the disciplines in this university, historical linguistics originated in nineteenth-century Europe. But, again like many of those disciplines, it owed much of its stimulus to sources outside Europe, in this case India. The British and other Europeans did not go to India in the eighteenth century for reasons of scholarship; but scholars has greatly benefitted from what they found there.