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Vescovi Del CONGO KINSHASA 16 Gennaio - 14 Febbraio 2006

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Vescovi Del CONGO KINSHASA 16 Gennaio - 14 Febbraio 2006 Servizio Documentazione Visita ad limina Vescovi del CONGO KINSHASA 16 gennaio - 14 febbraio 2006 Benedetto XVI e la Repubblica Democratica del Congo. Come Prefetto della Congregazione per la Dottrina delle Fede, il Card. Ratzinger si era re- cato in visita nel paese africano nel 1987. I N D I C E Una Chiesa dinamica al servizio p. 4 dell’unità e della pace Repubblica Democratica del Congo p. 7 Cenni storici p. 9 La presenza della Chiesa p. 14 Struttura ecclesiastica p. 50 I due viaggi di Giovanni Paolo II e le p. 52 viste ad limina Gli appelli del Papa p. 70 La beatificazione di due martiri p. 72 3 UNA CHIESA DINAMICA AL SERVIZIO DELL’UNITA’ E DELLA PACE vescovi della Repubblica Democratica del Congo I vengono in questo inizio del 2006 in visita ad li- mina. Una visita prevista nell'aprile 2005, ma la morte di Giovanni Paolo II non ha permesso ai pa- stori della chiesa del Congo di poter condividere con il successore di Pietro le loro preoccupazioni pasto- rali. Giungono ora a Roma, nel momento in cui prende corpo la speranza di pacificare un paese sconvolto dalle guerre che si sono susseguite per un decennio, segnando profondamente anche il cammi- no della chiesa. Quest‟anno infatti la speranza del popolo congolese è rivolta allo svolgimento delle elezioni generali con l‟augurio che siano libere e de- mocratiche, passaggio necessario per uscire dallo stato di miseria in cui versa gran parte della popola- zione. Tra i grandi paesi cristiani del continente afri- cano, la Repubblica Democratica del Congo ha co- nosciuto due periodi di evangelizzazione: il primo ha coinciso con la "scoperta" della foce del fiume Con- go da parte di Diego Cão nel 1483, mentre la se- conda è successiva alla Conferenza di Berlino (1885). Una Chiesa dunque antica e giovane, ma soprattutto dinamica, che vive la complessità del paese. Una complessità dalle molte sfaccettature: le guerre civili dopo l'indipendenza e dopo un lungo periodo di dittatura (dal 1965 al 1997 con il presi- dente Mobutu); il dopo dittatura difficile da chiude- re; la lunga transizione verso istituzioni democrati- che, liberamente elette, iniziata nel 1990 e che non è ancora finita. Alle quali si aggiungono le oltre 250 lingue comunitarie, e culture, che compongono la Repubblica Democratica del Congo e ne costituisco- no al tempo stesso una ricchezza ed un elemento di debolezza. Come risulta evidente nell‟attuale di- spersione di oltre duecento formazioni politiche, preoccupate più del potere che del servizio al bene dell‟intera comunità del paese. I segnali di speranza ci sono, e se ne è fatto interprete il Presidente della Conferenza Episcopale del Congo, Mons. Laurent Monsengwo, arcivescovo di Kisangani, in un suo recente incontro con i vescovi francesi: “E‟ impor- tante sottolineare il fatto che il nostro popolo, come i suoi pastori, sente la necessità di un ritorno ai va- lori del Regno, dispersi dal regime piuttosto corrotto della Seconda Repubblica. Perciò l‟attenzione della pastorale nel nostro paese è attualmente di evitare che la crisi materiale, dovuta ad un depauperamen- to disumanizzante, non si trasformi in una crisi mo- rale dalle molte forme, difficile poi da estirpare. Co- sicché l'accompagnare il popolo nella sua richiesta di dignità umana e di democrazia ha di mira soprat- tutto la costruzione di una società più virtuosa o che, perlomeno, non renda eroica la pratica delle virtù più ordinarie”. (…) “Peraltro, scrutando i segni dei tempi e preoccupati di essere le vedette del popolo di Dio, i vescovi han- no individuato sempre meglio questi obiettivi, con- frontandoli con gli imperativi socio-politici, economi- ci e culturali del momento. Ne è scaturito tutto un discorso sociale che ha creato un orientamento ed una visione pastorale propria della nostra Chiesa particolare. Un discorso sociale che è venuto ad ap- poggiare gli altri campi dell'evangelizzazione. Se ho insistito soprattutto su questa dimensione sociale della nostra pastorale, non significa che in- tendevamo trascurare le altre attività inerenti all'e- vangelizzazione, particolarmente l‟annuncio del kér- ygma, la catechesi, l'amministrazione dei sacra- 5 menti e la crescita della comunità cristiana. Lontano da noi questo pensiero! E del resto funzionano in modo piuttosto soddisfacente: le nostre comunità ecclesiali sono dinamiche ed in crescita, le vocazioni sacerdotali e religiose sono numerose, i nostri laici - posti in differenti ministeri non ordinati o di servizio - sono impegnati molto in diversi settori dell'evan- gelizzazione e della vita della chiesa. (…)” (Mgr Lau- rent Monsengwo, Entretien avec les Evêques de France, Lourdes, 06 novembre 2005). La Repubblica Democratica del Congo è dunque un paese potenzialmente ricco ma dalle molte povertà ed è in questo contesto che la chiesa cerca di porta- re la luce del vangelo. Il Papa Giovanni Paolo II, durante le sue due visite pastorali nella Repubblica Democratica del Congo (allora Zaire) nel 1980 e 1985 e nelle due visite ad limina dei vescovi di que- sto paese a Roma, nel 1983 e nel 1997, non ha mancato di incoraggiare i vescovi congolesi a svol- gere il loro compito di pastori in un paese dalle mol- teplici realtà culturali, sociali e politiche. La chiesa del RDC è ancora oggi davanti a grandi sfide che necessitano una comunità cristiana unita ed una visione non parziale e profonda della fede in un contesto complesso. Il compito è veramente grande. * * * * La visita ad limina dei vescovi della Repubblica del Congo si svolgerà in due fasi. Il primo gruppo è costituito dai presuli delle province ecclesiasti- che di Kinshasa, Kananga e Mbandaka (dal 16 al 30 gennaio). Il secondo dai vescovi delle provin- ce ecclesiastiche di Kisangani, Bukavu e Lubum- bashi (da 1 al 14 febbraio). (Vedi l’elenco delle diocesi nel capitolo sulla struttura ecclesiastica) Superficie: 2.345.410 Km² Ab.: 60.000.000 (stime 2001) Densità: 23 ab/Km² Forma di governo: Repubblica Democratica (semipresidenziale) Posizione geografica La Repubblica Democratica del Congo è situata al Centro-ovest del continente africano. Terzo paese africano per superficie, dopo il Sudan e l'Algeria, la Repubblica Democratica del Congo si estende su una superficie di 2.345.410 km2, è confina con: Congo (Brazzaville), Repubblica Centrafrica, Sudan, Ugan- da, Ruanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia e Angola. Il 60% della sua superficie è ricoperto da foreste. Popolazione Attualmente la popolazione della Repubblica Demo- cratica del Congo è stimata in 60.000.000 di abitanti. Bandiera Il colore della bandiera è blu cielo, ornato da una grande stella gialla al centro e da sei altre piccole stelle gialle collocate verticalmente a sini- stra. La nuova costituzione del paese che è stata votata nel referendum del 18 dicembre 7 scorso prevede una nuova bandiera di colore blu cielo, ornato da una stella gialla nell'angolo supe- riore sinistro ed attraversato per sbieco di una banda rossa finemente incorniciata di giallo. Lingue Il francese è la lingua ufficiale. Le quattro lingue nazionali sono: lingala, kiswahili, kikongo e tshiluba. Si contano inoltre più di 250 lingue co- munitarie che costituiscono il patrimonio culturale della Repubblica Democratica del Congo Capitale Kinshasa, (foto) con oltre 5 milioni di abitanti Città principali Lubumbashi, Kisangani, Bukavu, Matadi, Goma, Kindu, Bandundu, Mbandaka, Mbuji-Mayi, Kananga. Religione Cattolici 50%, protestanti 20%, musulmani 10%, Kimbanguisti 10%, Sette e Religioni tradizionali 10%. Joseph Kabila, Presidente della Repubbli- ca Democratica del Congo 1275: data ipotetica della formazione del Regno Kongo sotto Nimi ha Lukenie. 1482: Diego Cão, navigatore portoghese arriva alle foci del fiume Congo e vi stabilisce una colonia. 1818: Fondazione del regno Mangbetu al Nord-est del Kongo. 1874-78: Il Congo è esplorato da Henry Morton Stanley, inizialmente per conto proprio, poi per conto dell'Associazione Internazionale del Congo, l'AIC. Settembre 1876: il re del Belgio, Léopold II, orga- nizza una conferenza geografica internazionale fina- lizzata alla creazione dell'Associazione Internazionale Africana, l'AIA. 30 ottobre 1878: Léopold II conclude un accordo con Stanley per la creazione di alcune stazioni in Congo e per trattare con i capi locali, a nome dell'A- IA, diventato poi Comitato di studi dell'Alto-Congo, CEHC. 1883: Il Congo diventa Associazione Internazionale del Congo, proprietà diretta di Leopold II. 1885: Durante la Conferenza di Berlino (nel corso della quale l'Africa fu dichiarata res nullius, il che permetteva agli europei di appropriarsene ufficialme- ne e senza scrupoli), il Congo fu assegnato al re del Belgio Leopold II, che costituisce a Bruxelles il gover- 9 no del Congo, 6 maggio, e sul posto, il sostituto di Stanley, Sir Francis di Winton, prende il titolo di am- ministratore generale. L‟Associazione Internazionale del Congo diventa lo Stato Indipendente del Congo, di cui rimane sovrano Leopold II. 1891: Inizio dello sfruttamento intensivo dell'avorio e del caucciù (gomma naturale), prodotti nel paese. Le autorità dell'EIC cominciano a scontrarsi con la resistenza dei capi locali. 1892: La spedizione geologico Bia-Francqui-cornetto dimostra l'esistenza di risorse minerarie nel Katanga. 1903-1904: Gli abusi del regime leopoldiano sono denunciati in Gran Bretagna per la Congo Reform As- sociation. 24 luglio 1904: Creazione di una Commissione in- ternazionale per indagare sulle pratiche di intimida- zione e di assassinii, utilizzate per sfruttare le pianta- gioni di caucciù. 13 dicembre 1906: Lo Stato Indipendente del Con- go è annesso al Belgio. 1908: il Parlamento belga, sotto la pressione inter- nazionale, dichiara il paese non più oggetto di pro- prietà personale del re, ma soggetto al Regno. Cam- bia il nome e diviene Congo belga. 1911: Il Katanga è collegata da rotaia all'Africa del sud. 1913: Inizi dello sfruttamento industriale del rame. Nello stesso momento, vengono scoperti i primi dia- manti nel Kasaï.
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