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Le Rapport Église-Monde Dans Les Interventions Des Évêques D'afrique Noire Aux Assemblées Du Synode Des Évêques De 1967 À 2009

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Le Rapport Église-Monde Dans Les Interventions Des Évêques D'afrique Noire Aux Assemblées Du Synode Des Évêques De 1967 À 2009 Le rapport Église-monde dans les interventions des évêques d'Afrique noire aux Assemblées du Synode des évêques de 1967 à 2009 Thèse Alain Patrick David Doctorat en théologie Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D.) Québec, Canada © Alain Patrick David, 2015 RÉSUMÉ Quelle conception du rapport Église-monde émerge des interventions des évêques d’Afrique noire aux Assemblées du Synode des évêques tenues entre 1967 et 2009? Telle est la question que cherche à élucider la présente étude. Il s’agit, d’une part, de procéder à une étude des interventions des évêques et, d’autre part, de comprendre la vision que ceux- ci ont de l’Église et de sa relation avec le monde dans lequel elle vit et avec qui elle cherche à dialoguer. La modalité du dialogue avec le monde se pose et elle est à préciser. Dans un premier temps, l’enracinement de cette recherche théologique et ecclésiologique est celui d’un acte de lecture. Le travail de constitution et de présentation du corpus, de même que l’interrogation du contexte de l’Afrique contemporaine et du contexte ecclésial de l’Église d’Afrique comme lieu d’énonciation de la parole épiscopale, ont disposé et conduit à l’analyse des interventions des évêques à partir d’une relation, celle de l’Église au monde. Dans un deuxième temps, par une traversée de l’ensemble du corpus, les éléments recueillis ont été redéployés en vue d’un essai de l’ecclésiologie qui se profile à l’analyse des interventions des évêques d’Afrique subsaharienne. Pour y parvenir, nous avons travaillé successivement la problématique de la relation Église-monde à Vatican II et dans les interventions des évêques africains pour enfin, dégager les principaux modèles ecclésiologiques auxquels ceux-ci recourent. Au terme, une synthèse interroge, à la lumière des concepts de solidarité, de dialogue et de service de Gaudium et spes, la pertinence de la contribution ecclésiologique des évêques d’Afrique. iii ABSTRACT What comprehension of the Church-world relationship emerges from the discussions of the bishops of Black Africa at the meetings of their Synod of bishops between 1967 and 2009? This is the question our present study seeks to explore. On the one hand, it proposes a study of the bishops' discussions, and on the other, it seeks to comprehend the vision which they have of the Church and of her relationship with the world in which it lives – a world with which it seeks to dialogue. The modality of this dialogue with the world is a question that arises, and must be specified. In the first place, the foundation of this theological and ecclesiological research is an exercise in reading the texts. The exercise consists of bringing together and presenting a body of work; as well as examining the context of contemporary Africa, and the ecclesial context of the Church of Africa as the location in which these episcopal communications have been delivered. These contextual elements prepare us for – and lead us into – an analysis of the bishops' discussions from the perspective of a relationship: that of the Church with the world. In the second section, the elements gathered from a search through the whole body of work have been reorganized into a summary of the ecclesiological profile which emerges from an analysis of these discussions by the bishops of Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to reach that point, we have worked through the problem of Church-world relationship in both Vatican II and in the discussions of the African bishops, with the goal of ultimately identifying the principal ecclesiological models which run through them. At the end, in light of the concepts of solidarity, dialogue, and service which are present in Gaudium et spes, a final synthesis evaluates the ecclesiological contribution of the bishops of Africa. v TABLE DES MATIERES Résumé .................................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................... v Table des matières ............................................................................................................... vii Liste des sigles ....................................................................................................................... xi Liste des tableaux ................................................................................................................ xiii Liste des figures .................................................................................................................... xv Remerciements ..................................................................................................................... xix Introduction générale .............................................................................................................. 1 Première partie Présentation et analyse du corpus de travail ................................................ 11 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 13 Chapitre 1 Constitution et présentation du corpus ............................................................... 17 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 19 1. Le corpus, délimitation et constitution .......................................................................... 19 1.1 Les sources consultées ............................................................................................. 19 1.2 Le corpus, critères de délimitation .......................................................................... 20 1.2.1 Critère thématique ............................................................................................. 21 1.2.2 Critère du locuteur ............................................................................................ 24 1.2.3 Critère géographique ......................................................................................... 28 1.2.4 Critère temporel ................................................................................................ 29 2. Présentation du corpus .................................................................................................. 38 2.1 Répartition des interventions des évêques d’Afrique par Assemblée synodale, par pays et par rapport au thème Église-monde .................................................................. 38 2.2 Données concernant les interventions ..................................................................... 50 2.3 Données concernant les Pères synodaux d’Afrique subsaharienne ......................... 63 2.4 Données concernant les interventions et les Pères synodaux d’Afrique subsaharienne par pays .................................................................................................. 67 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 72 Chapitre 2 Contextes historico-social, culturel et doctrinal de la prise de parole des évêques de l’Afrique subsaharienne ................................................................................................... 75 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 77 1. Contexte culturel de l’Afrique subsaharienne ............................................................... 77 1.1 Quête culturelle et la conscience identitaire ............................................................ 79 1.2 Héritage culturel africain et modernité .................................................................... 81 1.3 Dimension culturelle du développement africain .................................................... 83 2. Conditions historiques des Églises africaines ............................................................... 84 2.1 L’époque coloniale, contexte et situation de domination ........................................ 85 2.2. L’époque missionnaire ........................................................................................... 87 2.3 Église, missions et théologies en Afrique ................................................................ 90 3. L’Afrique contemporaine et sa réalité, un cadre référentiel ......................................... 93 3.1 Un continent en crise ............................................................................................... 94 vii 3.2 La crise économique en Afrique, une crise de politique économique .................... 96 3.3 La crise politique et les responsabilités des acteurs africains ................................. 98 3.4 Pour une Afrique nouvelle ...................................................................................... 99 3.4.1 Perspectives de changement ........................................................................... 100 3.4.2 Signes ou lueurs de renouveau ....................................................................... 101 4. Contexte ecclésial et doctrinal de l’enseignement des évêques d’Afrique ................. 103 4.1 La relation de l’Église au monde, vision ecclésiologique ..................................... 103 4.1.1 Le modèle d’une Église introvertie et ses implications .................................. 104 4.1.2 Vatican II et le modèle d’une Église dans le monde de son temps ................ 106 4.2 L’Église subsaharienne et la société dans le
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