Inside: Rivers of Light: Do Street Lights Influence Stream Communities?

branchlines Volume 25#2 Summer 2014

Inside: Rivers of light: Do street lights influence stream communities?...... 10 Measuring the city in 3D...... 11 Transforming findings into policies and practice (cover) ...... 14 Developing human well-being indicators for Haida Gwaii...... 20 Small-scale forestry in Ghana: Surviving reforms?...... 22 dean’smessage

because forestry is so regionalized (some believing that we can train individuals might even say parochial), we face to do this within a few short years. This the same problem as forestry schools is impossible; we need to recognize that everywhere in that our students have learning continues throughout a career, been taught to meet local rather than long after someone adds the initials RPF international needs. We have recently to their name. Which, in turn, brings me introduced 4-week long field visits to to the next word in the title. both China and India, but we need to ‘Student(s)’. At the UBC graduation do more to encourage students, and ceremony, the President always exhorts faculty members, to develop a more those receiving degrees to become life- comprehensive world view of forestry, long learners – if we follow his advice, and this needs to be integrated into does that make us all life-long students? their teaching. National and provincial We could argue that the term student forestry education and forester licensing refers only to somebody receiving a for- systems need to take a careful look at mal education, yet even this is becoming In August this year, forestry stu- how other professions are dealing with an extremely blurred distinction, and will dents from the UBC Faculty of Forestry, our increasingly globalized world. Which become even more so in the future as the University of Northern British brings me to the next part of the title. online learning increases in importance. Columbia, and Thompson Rivers ‘Forestry’. It would be foolish to get Such learning has never been more University will jointly be hosting the into a potentially endless argument over important than today, driven by the pace annual International Forestry Students’ the definition of the term ‘forestry’ – the of change in the science and technology Symposium. This is a tremendous discipline of geography has shown how advances underpinning our respective opportunity for our students to meet pointlessly destructive such debates professions. We really all are life-long other forestry students from around the can be. However, the Association of students. I guess this is good news for the world, and for those students to learn University Forestry Schools of Canada membership officer of IFSA! It also implies something about forestry and forestry (AUFSC) is seeking to have the defini- that the community of learners in forestry education in British Columbia. Recently, tion of forestry broadened, which some is a lot larger than most people realize. I had the opportunity to meet some of members believe will help enrollment ‘Association’. The final word in IFSA’s the students who will be coming to BC numbers. For most students, forestry title implies a formal grouping of people, in a few weeks’ time, and I challenged can be directly related to the manage- bound by regulations and practices, and them to think carefully about what ment of forests, but this excludes many this is certainly the case. It is perhaps the name of their association implied students studying in forestry schools. the only part of the title that today is (the International Forestry Students’ For example, in the Faculty of Forestry, clear. What is not clear is why mem- Association – IFSA). I’m not sure that our Forest Sciences, Natural Resources bership of IFSA in North America is so anyone really understood what I was Conservation and Wood Products low. Why have so few North American saying, so I repeat that challenge here. Processing programs currently fall out- student associations joined IFSA? Does ‘International’. What exactly do we side the remit of the forestry program this reflect the parochialism that I men- mean by the term ‘international’? Just accreditation scheme, so are these tioned earlier, and which is viewed as because someone attends a conference students ‘forestry’ students? I firmly so important globally that it received in another country, does that make them believe that they are, and the Canadian a mention at the recent (22nd) session ‘international’? Does a 2-week place- Institute of Forestry agrees, awarding all of the Committee on Forestry of the ment in another country make a student our graduating students silver rings. But Food and Agriculture Organization of ‘international’? This applies as much to that doesn’t necessarily mean that these the United Nations. Hopefully, this, and faculty members as it does to students. programs should be accredited accord- some of the other issues that I have UBC’s Faculty of Forestry is considered ing to standards developed by profes- mentioned above will be discussed dur- by many to be international – more than sional forestry organizations. Instead, it ing the course of the 2014 International a quarter of undergraduate students is time for those professional organiza- Forestry Students’ Symposium. come from outside Canada, as do more tions to think carefully about what they than half of our graduate students. Yet mean by a professional forester. The the curricula that we deliver do not time of the general practitioner, who adequately reflect this. Partly driven by knows everything about every aspect the pressures of accreditation, and partly of a forest is long gone, yet we persist in John L Innes Professor and Dean

2 branchlines 25#2 2014 forestrynews Graduate student symposium On February 18, UBC’s Faculty of The presentations were outstand- Sciences. This year’s presenter was Dr Forestry supported the 3rd Future ing, evidenced by the excellent Q&A Colden Baxter, Associate Professor at Forestry Leader Symposium. Organized sessions that followed. Awards for best the Stream and Ecology Center, Dept by the Forestry Graduate Student talks were given, as well as an invitation of Biological Science, Idaho State Association’s Emily Murphy and Letitia for all of the students to submit a paper University. His talk was titled “Fire and Da Ros, along with Professors David for a special edition of the Forestry ice: responses by stream-riparian eco- Cohen, Chris Gaston and Ivan Eastin, Chronicle this fall. systems to shifting disturbance regimes this year’s symposium showed excel- The symposium was closed by the and some consequences for forest lent enthusiasm, both by the students Leslie L Schaffer Lectureship in Forest management”. and the invited guests. As was the case in previous years, the event was kicked off the evening before by a networking night promoting professional careers in forestry. With over 80 in attendance, the night included presentations by 15 industry, government and Faculty representa- tives, all sharing their views on a bright future for graduating forestry students. Those that were not able to present at the symposium (due to an overwhelm- ing response) had the opportunity to present a poster for the occasion, adding to the successful evening of networking. The research symposium itself was made up of 3 sessions of student presentations, Forests and the Environment, Forest Products and Technology and Markets and Policy. As in previous years, students largely represented UBC and the University of Washington. However, this year also included invited presentations from the University of Victoria and the University of Northern BC. Presentation topics included life cycle assessments of bioenergy options, environmental monitoring by Aboriginal communities, community forests in Kenya, eco-labeling wood products for the US construction industry, investigating the potential for bamboo-based fibre composites, ramifications of the US Lacey Act, wood product opportunities for the BC coastal Nuxalk First Nations, and many more.

branchlines 3 New appointments

Dr Verena Griess is joining the promotes the utilization of ecological Department of Forest Resources effects with economic consequences, Management as an Assistant Professor such as mixing tree species or close- in Forest Management. Verena comes to to-nature-forestry. Verena is interested us from Technische Universität München in the economic and social potential of (TUM), Germany, where she has been tropical agroforestry as well as econom- a faculty member since 2012. Verena ics of commercial plantations using holds a PhD in forest management and native tree species and has carried out economics, an MSc in forest and wood research in Panama, Colombia, China, science and a degree in forest engineer- Russia and the EU. She will be teaching ing from TUM. Her research and teach- in the forest resources management ing interests focus on multifunctional and wood products components of our forest management and the integration undergraduate and graduate programs of multiple objectives into optimiza- and involved in our growing research on tion software. Much of Verena´s work forest management.

Dr Bianca Eskelson will be joining resources and ecosystem services. She the Department of Forest Resources is excited about applying her research Management as an Assistant Professor to forest management challenges in in Forest Biometrics. Bianca received British Columbia by advancing her work forestry degrees (BS and MS) from the on copula models and by quantifying University of Göttingen, Germany. She natural disturbance effects. Her teach- completed an MS in statistics and a ing interests lie in forest biometrics and PhD in forest biometrics at Oregon modelling and the implementation of State University in Corvallis, Oregon, quantitative methods in statistical soft- where she has worked as a research ware packages. Bianca looks forward associate in the College of Forestry to contributing to the undergraduate for the past 5 years. Bianca’s research and graduate-level forest biometrics focuses on the application and exten- curriculum at UBC. sion of statistical theory and methods to inventory, monitor and model forest

Dr Julie Cool will be joining the Through her research, she aims to Department of Wood Science as an quantify and control wood recovery, Assistant Professor in Wood Machining. surface quality, and wood adhesion, as Julie, a mechanial engineer, received well as productivity by developing the her Masters and PhD in wood science knowledge on wood-knife interactions. from Université Laval in 2011. Since Julie will be teaching undergradu- then, she has worked closely with the ate classes in wood machining and forest industry while at FPInnovations sawmilling. and also as a research and development consultant in the private sector. Julie’s research and teaching interests focus on wood machining and quality control (both in the primary and secondary manufacturing sectors) and how these affect the value chain.

4 branchlines 25#2 2014 Dr Rajat Panwar will joining the research examines adoption of sustain- Faculty of Forestry as an Assistant able practices from a strategy perspec- Professor of Sustainable Business tive in both established and new firms. Management in a dual appoint- His teaching interests include forest ment between the departments of products business, entrepreneurship, Wood Science and Forest Resources and business sustainability. Rajat is Management. Rajat comes to us from excited about the opportunity to teach Northland College, Wisconsin, USA undergraduate forestry students at UBC where he has been a faculty member and to train them as leading thinkers in in the areas of corporate social respon- the realm of business sustainability. He sibility and business sustainability since is looking forward to joining sustain- 2008. Rajat received his PhD in wood ability focused research groups in his science and engineering from Oregon home departments of Wood Science State University and his MBA from the and Forest Resources Management. University of Lucknow in India. Rajat’s

Dr Scott Renneckar will be joining products sourced from nature are stron- the Department of Wood Science as ger, lighter, and more energy efficient an Associate Professor in Advanced than their petroleum analogs. He uses Renewable Materials. Prior to joining materials such as high performance us, Scott has been a faculty member fibers, transparent films and coatings, in the Department of Sustainable and nanocomposites in applications for Biomaterials at Virginia Tech since automobile, aerospace, building, and 2005. He obtained his degrees in wood the emerging additive manufacturing science from Virginia Tech (BS, 1997 industries. Scott will also teach a course and PhD, 2004) and the University of on wood adhesives and coatings in our California, Berkeley (MS, 1999). Scott’s undergraduate program applying his research program focuses on creating combined expertise in wood science advanced renewable materials through and polymer chemistry. cutting-edge science that will catalyze a green economy. These sustainable

Dr Jeanine Rhemtulla will join the maintaining ecosystem functioning, Department of Forest and Conservation especially in tropical regions, where Sciences as an Assistant Professor in conservation and development goals Landscape Ecology. Jeanine comes to frequently collide. Her work combines us from the Department of Geography a broad range of methods, including and School of Environment at McGill ecological fieldwork, remote sensing, University, where she has been a faculty analysis of archival records and house- member since 2009. Jeanine received hold surveys. She has field research sites her PhD in landscape ecology from in the lowland forests of the Peruvian the University of Wisconsin-Madison Amazon, in the agroforested landscapes and her Masters in forest ecology from of Kerala, in southern India, and the the University of Alberta. Her interests mixed agricultural region of southern focus on the long-term effects of human Quebec. Jeanine will provide a valuable land-use on ecosystems, and on under- asset to our Faculty’s research and teach- standing how to manage landscapes ing expertise in international forestry. to increase human well-being while

branchlines 5 New student engagement officer Ileana Costrut has joined the stu- student learning and personal and dent services team in Forestry as our professional development. In collabora- new student engagement officer. Ileana tion with students and university part- comes to us with 9 years of experience ners, Ileana will help new students to in the student engagement field and become successful university learners, has an MA in sustainability education, who are well prepared to engage in the curriculum and pedagogy. She will be university community and achieve their responsible for developing, delivering, personal and career goals. She can be and evaluating programs and services reached at [email protected]. to support and enrich undergraduate Co-op graduate becomes “Lean Champion” In 1989, Wolf Nickel began Pacific FPInnovations, who recommended opment and implemented an extensive Closet Works Ltd (now STOR-X® sending job postings to the Faculty of quality program. Organizing Systems) with the goal Forestry’s Wood Products Processing In February, 3 delegates from of providing versatile, economical, Co-op Coordinator. This resulted in the Okayama University in Japan toured and custom-fitted organizing units hiring of their current “Lean Champion” STOR-X® with the intent of creating their for homeowners. During the recent and 2010 Wood Products Processing own co-op and exchange programs economic downturn, STOR-X® made graduate, Luke Opacic. Luke is also a with the Wood Products Processing drastic changes to the company in order graduate of the Co-op program, and program at UBC. The delegates were very to stay on par with the decrease in the strongly recommended the program impressed by the co-op system, includ- demand for organizing units. Their jour- to STOR-X®. “The Co-op program is well- ing the partnerships made with industry- ney in “Lean Manufacturing” was aimed suited to companies such as STOR-X® leading companies, and the benefits to at delivering product more efficiently, because it can help a company com- the company and the students. Also with higher quality, and minimal waste. plete projects without deviating from part of the tour were Sudeh Jahan, In effect, the goal of STOR-X® was to their corporate plans,” said Luke Opacic. Co-op Coordinator for UBC’s Wood become a lean, green, machine. Along “I would encourage any company that Products Processing program, and Dr with this, STOR-X® developed a franchise wants to participate in a Co-op program Robert Kozak, head of the Department business model to expand the company to do so.” As a result of the recommen- of Wood Science. For further informa- rapidly throughout Canada. dation, STOR-X® employed a Forestry tion on UBC’s Co-op Program in Wood Much of this journey was done in Co-op student in 2013 who completed Products Processing, contact Sudeh consultation with industry advisors from projects involving new product devel- Jahan at [email protected]. Recent awards The Canadian Forest Service (CFS) Nicholas and Andrés. for their work with the Regional District has recognized the Lidar Best Practices Dr Scott Hinch has been awarded of North Okanagan (RDNO) titled Team for their work in producing a the annual Certificate of Achievement Are We There Yet? Regional Growth go-to handbook describing all of the from the Washington-British Columbia Strategy Monitoring & Evaluation steps necessary for understanding Chapter of the American Fisheries Program. This work was selected as the and implementing and airborne laser Society. This certificate is given out winner of a Gold Award in the category scanning project. Dr Nicholas Coops annually to someone who has demon- of Planning Practice – Small Town & (Forest Resources Management) and Dr strated significant professional achieve- Rural Areas. Dr Meitner received this Andrés Varhola (recent graduate from ment. The American Fisheries Society award along with his students (Julian UBC Forestry) are members of this team. was established in 1870 and is the Gonzalez and Lorien Nesbitt), William The document “A best practices guide oldest professional fisheries organiza- Trousdale from EcoPlan International for generating forest inventory attri- tion in North America with over 10,000 and Anthony Kittel from the RDNO butes from airborne laser scanning data members. Congratulations Scott. at the 2014 BC Land Summit held in using an area-based-approach”, was the Dr Michael Meitner and his team Vancouver. Congratulations to Mike most downloaded document from the have received an award from the and his team. CFS bookstore in 2013. Congratulations Planning Institute of British Columbia

6 branchlines 25#2 2014 Imbalances of power: Reflecting on our relationship with forests By Andrea Vasquez, Hollie Carr, and Ana Elia Ramon Hidalgo “It´s my pleasure to invite you to join me in organizing a raised about the role that the recently launched Canadian documentary screening and discussion in our Faculty to raise International Institute for Extractive Industries and Development awareness about socio-environmental issues of forest-related (hosted at UBC) will play in perpetuating the status quo. practices globally. “ This was the opening line of an email sent Maldonado encouraged the attendees to reflect on our moral by Maria Jose Ruiz-Esquide (MSc student) to engage other responsibilities, as Canadians and world citizens, in advocating forestry graduate students in her idea. Maria Jose’s vision for global environmental and social justice. He suggested start- materialized into a successful documentary series, held over ing at home: “now that you’ve heard all this information, you the winter semesters. need to bring it to students and develop critical consciousness The first documentary, “Taking Root: The Vision of Wangari about the relationship between UBC and these [Canadian-based Maathai” presented the courageous story of the Kenyan Nobel mining] corporations.” Peace Prize Laureate Wangari Maathai, whose perseverance in planting trees grew into a nation-wide movement to safe- guard the environment and protect human rights. The film chronicled the difficulties involved in challenging gender roles and power dynamics in a deeply entrenched patriarchal society, and showcased the outcomes of a life of perseverance and co-operation toward reducing deforestation and empowering women. Dr Leila Harris (Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability and at the Institute for Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice) facilitated a discussion on the ways that systems of inequality (colonialism, gender, race, sexuality) impact our relationship with the environment and invited us to explore different ways that we, as students, can challenge these systems of inequality. The second film, “No Land, No Food, No Life”, documented several communities’ plights in Cambodia and Uganda fighting against corporate land grabs, forced evictions and the destruction of forests and small-scale farms. Dr Hannah Wittman (Associate Professor at the Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability and at the Faculty of Land and Food Systems), drawing on her research, facilitated a discussion on how the loss of land often leads to a shift towards food insecurity, due to a rise in crop prices and shift towards cash crops. Participants agreed on the need for the regulation of foreign investment and emphasized the importance of Canadians’ obligation to be conscientious consumers, This series has been a very rewarding journey creating a questioning the conditions of production of our food and its welcoming space to explore the often overlooked imbalances impacts on deforestation. of power over forest resources and between forest stakeholders. “Gold Fever”, shown in the last session, portrayed social and We hope to see another series coming up next year! To those environmental abuses perpetrated by Canadian mining compa- who collaborated, we express our deepest gratitude. In particu- nies against local forest-dependent Guatemalan communities. lar we would like to thank Christie Lee, a Musqueam ambassador The ensuing discussion was led by panellists Oscar Morales, from who welcomed us to their territory and shared reflections on the Guatemalan community of San Rafael las Flores, affected by human-forest relationships, to Mariko Molander (MSc student) Canadian mining operations; Rafael Maldonado, a Guatemalan for her insightful reminders of what it means to host this event lawyer; Don Wright, from Amnesty International; and Samuel on unceded traditional territories, to the facilitators, and to Maria Stime, a UBC MASc student in engineering. Questions were Jose for leading this project.

branchlines 7 Extending research to practice over generations

A 30-year re-entry period is stipulated in the GAR Order. As it happens, 30 years is also the approximate length of a career, and only 1 of the original researchers has not yet retired. We are fortunate that Michaela is still willing to help us return to the original trial and continue the learning. Much of the expertise and craft required to manage uneven-aged forests has been lost while local forest companies have been focused on logging lodgepole pine. At a time when allowable cuts are declining and the Michaela Waterhouse describes mule deer winter habitat ecology to students green wood in this region is primarily A research project spanning 3 through the Cariboo-Chilcotin Land in the uneven-aged forests of Douglas- decades at the Alex Fraser Research Use Plan, the Forest Practices Code, fir, there is an important extension role Forest (AFRF) is poised to once again and most recently Government Actions for the Research Forest. Planners and inform forest policy and management Regulation (GAR) Orders. silviculturists will need to visit the sites, practice. Since the 1980s, the AFRF has Thirty years later we are plan- look at the logged and unlogged con- been a primary site for researching ning a re-entry into the 3 replicated ditions, and understand the costs and methods for timber harvesting in dry research blocks originally harvested benefits of this particular silvicultural Douglas-fir forests while maintaining under the research project. In 2013 we strategy. Likewise, provincial compli- mule deer winter habitat. Now involv- re-measured the original cruise plots, ance and enforcement staff will need ing generations of foresters this proj- re-established the original transects for to understand the intent of the General ect emphasizes the value of research monitoring mule deer use and avoid- Wildlife Measures published in the GAR forests as repositories of knowledge ance, and re-mapped the original skid Order. Finally, the lessons learned on the and places in which to apply adaptive trails. Pre-harvest winter track transects Forest will be important information management. were monitored last winter. We have as regulators review the GAR Order, to Research was initiated by the BC drafted site plans and developed mark- ensure that the regulation does in fact Forest Service in the early 1980s due ing guidance, and are marking the achieve the intent of the guidance – the to concerns that harvesting practices stands for cutting this July. co-ordination of timber and mule deer of the day were detrimental to mule The silvicultural strategy for mule management. deer winter habitat. The project was deer winter range in the dry Douglas- It is familiar territory for a research led by Harold Armleder, Rick Dawson fir forests of the Cariboo Region is forest: learn the science, understand the and Rob Thompson and resulted in described as “clumpy single tree selec- vision, implement a treatment, review practice guidance first published in tion.” The Knife Creek Block of the the results, adapt and repeat. However, 1986. Throughout their careers, Harold Research Forest is managed entirely when the treatment cycle spans careers and Rick (together with Michaela under this strategy. Uneven-aged the adaptation cycle needs to be Waterhouse) continued to carry out stands are maintained in a structure passed on. The Alex Fraser Research habitat ecology research. Research that provides snow interception and Forest has a pivotal role to play in real- Forest Manager Ken Day helped to forage for deer by maintaining a con- izing the vision established back in the refine the silvicultural strategy through tinuous supply of large, wide-crowned early 1980s, and passing along the les- his graduate research in the mid trees, while removing groups of trees sons learned through implementation. 1990s. The practice guidance has to ensure regeneration, plus thinning For further information contact Ken been consolidated for implementation to allow the growth of younger trees. Day at [email protected].

8 branchlines 25#2 2014 Underwater logging in Panama By Arnaud De Grave I have to admit I knew nothing about underwater logging are attached to the trunk. Divers use air-driven chainsaws to cut before my photo trip to Panama. However, I had done some the tree which is then pulled up, sometimes quite dramatically, homework before stepping onto a barge on Lake Bayano with rather like a humpback whale jumping out of water. It can take a a group of divers/loggers and their massive chainsaws. My expe- long time to manage the finalized cut because of extremely low rience tells me that it is better to arrive with a fresh and open visibility below the lake surface. Once the trees are towed back mind rather than with pre-conceived expectations. The project they are sorted in preparation for a long drying period before required 2 trips to Panama. In March 2013 I spent 2 weeks tak- going to the mill. Interestingly, Coast Eco Timber is working in ing photographs and 6 months later I returned to present my collaboration with UBC’s Faculty of Forestry on determining the work in a photo exhibition at the Alliance Française du Panama. best drying techniques. The company owns a mill in Chepo, a Lake (Lago) Bayano was created over 75 years ago during the nearby town, and has a showroom displaying large planks and construction of a hydro-electric dam. The 353 km2 lake became high end furniture in Panama City. The wood is quite beautiful, the second largest artificial lake in the world, second only to Lago full of knots and character. Gatun, famous for the Panama canal. Although submerged trees One thing that struck me is that there are complete ecosys- die, some of the hardwood species are preserved and can be har- tems living on the submerged parts of the trunks. As a tree is vested. Underwater logging is done in various parts of the world brought out of the water there is an exodus of large cockroaches, including Canada, Ghana (with the largest reservoir by surface bats, water-walking lizards (one nicknamed the Jesus lizard for its area in the world), and Panama, the focus of my photo project. abilites) and a myriad of other beasts unknown to me. At one time Following my usual modus operandi (see BranchLines 23#4 I had a bat clinging for its life to my head. The bat managed to dry 2012 for an account of my previous forestry-based photography and then take off, only to be snatched in mid-air by a vulture-like project) I was introduced to Alana Husby, president of Coast Eco bird. Such is life in the jungle. Each time I was in the water taking Timber the company operating on the lake. There are many spe- pictures with a Nikonos underwater camera (designed by scuba- cies of trees that can be salvaged. The locals spoke of one type diving pioneer Commandant Jacques-Yves Cousteau) I became of tree that they were quite fond of. They call it “espavé” (actually lunch for fish which nibbled on me when I stopped swimming wild cashew Anacardium excelsum, an evergreen that can grow in order to frame a shot. up to 45 metres tall with trunks as large as 3 metres in diameter). The exhibition consisted of 20 hand-made fibre prints The legend is that during the Spanish conquest, locals or invaders (11”x14”), 16 (8”x10”) RC based prints and 2 large professional would climb these tall trees to look around: “Es para ver” (it is to prints. The work covered documentary pictures of the workers see, in Spanish), hence the name. in action as well as scenes of the daily lives of the workers. I also Coast Eco Timber is FSC controlled. All of the workers are presented a slide show of over 100 digital colour pictures during locals living in a nearby village. Many of them are indigenous the opening event of the exhibition. The exhibition (www.coast- Kunas from Panama and Colombia famous for their attire and ecotimber.com/en/press/item/145-fotos.html) was produced in textile making activities. Alana arranged for me to live with the collaboration with the Association Bricolages Ondulatoires et workers and I commuted with them to the lake every day, where Particulaires (www.bop-photolab.org), Coast Eco Timber, EAS the we would load the barges with the equipment necessary for the dam company, the Alliance Française du Panama, UBC’s Faculty of day: scuba-diving gear, compressed-air operated chainsaws, Forestry and the Canadian Embassy. I am grateful to everyone for lunch boxes, and plenty of cold drinkable water. During my first their help. One thing that made me happy was when the direc- trip, every barge had an engine and was manned by 4 work- tor of the Alliance Française told me that the cleaning ladies had ers able to harvest 6 or 8 trees every day. Later, the company spent a lot of time looking at my pictures and that this was the evolved its operation by using air lines, rather than free-diving first time he had seem them paying attention to an exhibition. equipment and tow boats to separate the cutting of trees Maybe the pictures talked to them, made them proud of the from the process of bringing them back to the beach. The new work of these people, their people. This is all I hoped to achieve. barges are non-motorized and towed to the site. The work is Arnaud De Grave has recently completed his MSc degree at UBC. very physical and involves teams of 2 divers and 2 people on The Faculty of Forestry is a strong supporter of enabling students to the barge taking care of the equipment. Once a tree is selected gain “enhanced educational experiences”, and particularly encour- (by species and then by measuring the depth of the water as ages students to gain field experience whenever they can. Arnaud an estimate of length) plastic barrels filled with compressed air can be reached at [email protected].

branchlines 9 Rivers of light: Do streetlights influence stream communities?

Artificial lights, such as streetlights, are a valuable piece of to otherwise natural streams. She found that the density of urban infrastructure that few of us have thought about in an larval aquatic insects in the drift was indeed lower in the lit ecological context. This is largely because most of us do our reaches than in paired control reaches of the same stream. research in the day and often fail to consider what the night However, she did not find evidence that the lights changed environment means for most organisms, especially if they are the growth rates of cutthroat trout, the density of terrestrial not night active. However, most animals, whether nocturnal or insects falling into the streams, the decomposition rate of diurnal, have evolved with a regular light-dark cycle that changes leaves, or the density or diversity of the aquatic insects living only with the moon phase, or seasons, in temperate latitudes. on the stream bottom. It seemed odd that there wouldn’t be The introduction of artificial lights has changed that pattern, with any change in fish growth rates, since there was a decrease potentially damaging effects for some organisms and ecosystems. in the density of drifting invertebrates and no increase in the For example, multiple studies have found that migrating number of terrestrial inputs to the stream, both of which are birds are disoriented by skyscraper lights and this disorienta- important food sources for cutthroat trout. tion can cause them to fly into windows and die. Rather than Elizabeth decided to follow-up on this study in her cur- just singing a brief dawn chorus as their country cousins do, rent position by observing the night-time behaviour of the urban songbirds sing all night in the artificial dawn created trout under both lit and dark conditions. Returning to the by streetlights. Perhaps most famously, lights from resorts same streams she studied earlier, she used under-water along beaches cause sea turtle hatchlings to become disori- infrared cameras to record fish behaviour at night. She also ented. Throughout their evolutionary history, the brightest took stomach content samples from fish. In this recent study, point on the horizon was the moon reflecting on the ocean; Elizabeth found that trout do forage more from the surface hatchlings that oriented to the brightest spot on the horizon of the water in lit reaches than in the dark, but that there was were selected for, but now that preference is causing them to no difference in stomach fullness between fish foraging on lit navigate towards bright artificial lights rather than the ocean. versus dark nights. It could be that because both studies were One ecosystem type that has possibly received the least done during the summer when nights are short in Vancouver, attention from artificial light researchers is streams. This is despite that night-time foraging simply doesn’t play an important role the fact that people preferentially settle near aquatic habitats in trout growth rates. Future research could focus on similar and roads (and therefore light systems) often run parallel to studies but at different times of the year to determine if this is streams. Because of this, Elizabeth Perkin, a current post-doctoral the case. Also, the studies Elizabeth carried out used high pres- fellow supervised by Dr John Richardson, based her PhD and sure sodium lights, which are currently the most commonly now her post-doc on studying the effects of artificial light on used streetlight. However, many cities are changing their lights stream ecosystems. It might be difficult to imagine how stream over to more efficient LEDs, which often emit light from the organisms would be affected by artificial light at first, but there blue-end of the color spectra. Because water more readily are many possibilities. For instance, insects such as caddisflies, absorbs the red and orange light commonly emitted by high mayflies, and stoneflies spend most of their lives under water in pressure sodium lamps, but much less blue light, we might streams. They emerge to mate as flying adults and die after a few expect LEDs to have a greater influence on stream organisms. days. While living in the stream as larvae, they move by drifting Elizabeth looks forward to continuing her research on arti- in the water column, but generally only at night when visually- ficial light and stream ecosystems. She is particularly interested foraging fish cannot see them well. Elizabeth was curious as to in developing a better understanding of how different light how streetlights might change this drifting behaviour, as well as spectra change the behaviour of stream organisms so she can the behaviour of the adult flying stage of the aquatic insects and help advise city planners on how to best design appropriate cutthrout trout that are common in British Columbia streams. lighting infrastructure near water bodies. To better understand these potential changes, Elizabeth For more information contact Dr Elizabeth Perkin at ran a month-long experiment in the Malcolm Knapp Research [email protected] or Dr John Richardson at Forest during her doctoral studies, installing streetlights next [email protected].

10 branchlines 25#2 2014 Measuring the city in 3D

Over 5 million LiDAR-generated points make up this 3 dimensional representation of the area around Oakridge Mall in Vancouver

If you were in Vancouver in February returns provides a highly accurate incorporating supplementary statistics 2013 and happened to look up in the representation of urban form that Rory on building energy performance, Rory sky, you may have noticed an airplane analyzed to determine the influence was able to provide predictions of flying back and forth over the city. of obstructions that cast shadows on a energy demand that closely match the However, what you would not have rooftop, such as another building or a results from much more laborious and seen were the millions of infrared laser tree, and the geometry of the roof itself. time consuming simulation software. signals blanketing the city surface. For Combining this information with the The application of this research offers any given second, a scanner mounted location of the sun in the sky and the insights into the specific energy effi- beneath that aircraft was shooting influence of clouds in the atmosphere, ciency strategies that are contextually over 350,000 laser pulses towards the Rory generated detailed estimates of appropriate for individual homes. ground while measuring the time every the changes in solar energy across the While elements of Rory’s research pulse took to hit an object and return Metro Vancouver region. have focused on developing tech- to the aircraft. After 3 days and a total of In an effort to inform homeowners niques to extract features from the 7 hours flying time, a dense cloud of 3 and decision makers of the potential LiDAR, such as buildings and trees, he billion points was collected, each point for generating electricity and hot water sees the broader value of LiDAR as a providing a highly accurate measure of using the sun’s energy, Rory teamed- tool that can be used to improve our height and location in space. up with staff at the District of North understanding of a range of topics This technology, known as Light Vancouver and applied his research unique to urban settings. Detection and Ranging, or LiDAR for to help develop the interactive Solar “Because cities are such complex short, while long used in the natural Calculator App (www.geoweb.dnv.org/ environments we need new and resource sector, is becoming an increas- applications/solarapp/). The award- improved ways of measuring and ingly popular tool for urban planners winning online tool shows residents representing them” says Rory. Like and civil engineers. Since beginning his how much sunlight reaches different aerial photography a century ago, the master’s degree in Forestry in 2007, Rory areas of their roof, how much money ultimate utility of LiDAR as a planning Tooke, now a recent PhD graduate, has they could save on their energy bills tool has yet to emerge, but as digital been researching the use of LiDAR to and how much carbon dioxide emis- technology diffuses into the urban better understand urban environments. sion they can avoid compared to con- planning process, LiDAR will undoubt- Recognizing that local govern- ventional gas heaters. edly play a critical role. ments in British Columbia have a man- Rory has also focused his research Dr Rory Tooke completed his gradu- date to address energy and emissions, on estimating the demand for ther- ate degrees under the supervision of Dr Rory’s graduate research has been mal energy services in the residential Nicholas Coops (director of the Integrated primarily focused on questions related building sector. These thermal services Remote Sensing Studio in the Faculty of to energy supply and demand in the include hot water and space heating, Forestry). Rory continues to investigate the city. On the supply side, his research has which together are responsible for role of technology in understanding energy focused on techniques to better map the vast majority of building energy in the urban environment at UBC’s Centre the solar energy available on building use. Using LiDAR to derive the shape for Interactive Research on Sustainability rooftops. The dense cloud of LiDAR and size of individual buildings and and can be reached at [email protected].

branchlines 11 Forest-based solutions for the Kingdom of Lesotho

In the spring of 2012 Lesotho‘s High Commissioner to an alumna of UBC, Dr Tsepa appealed to UBC Forestry to apply Canada, Her Excellency Mathabo Tsepa, visited UBC Forestry our multidisciplinary expertise to the problem. with an official request for assistance regarding land change After securing some initial seed funding through CIDA’s and forest management in Lesotho. The Kingdom of Lesotho University Partnerships Program and Lucara Diamond is a tiny landlocked country entirely surrounded by South Corporation, a delegation consisting of Iain Macdonald from Africa. It is afflicted with serious soil erosion and land degra- CAWP, Joleen Timko from AFRICAD (UBC’s Africa Forests dation challenges, is losing woodlots due to cattle browsing Research Initiative on Conservation and Development) and and illegal harvesting for fuelwood, and has ongoing land use 3 South Africa-based team members from Stellenbosch conflicts with the large numbers of herders who roam the University and Furntech (a business incubation organization) foothills and mountains. At the same time, there is chronic traveled to Lesotho in November 2013. The group first toured unemployment and poverty in the rural communities, high various woodlots, agroforestry sites, indigenous forest areas, rates of HIV infection, and declining employment prospects and a wood processing operation, as well as meeting with for Lesotho adults in neighbouring South Africa. There are high-level decision makers in government and the education viable opportunities to mitigate these challenges through sector. The group then participated in a 3-day planning forum broad-based forestry-related initiatives. However, this will at which Lesotho stakeholders and the visiting delegation require significant research, institutional capacity building, exchanged ideas on forestry-related strategies and activities training, and business mentoring over several years. Having that would be suitable for application in the Lesotho context. heard about the successful work that our Centre for Advanced The ultimate goal was to develop an action plan based on Wood Processing (CAWP) had done in South Africa, and herself the input of all present, and draw from local and international

12 branchlines 25#2 2014 There is a critical need for educational alternatives that focus on locally relevant forestry and forest management practices. “

experiences and knowledge. The meeting identified a huge need for education and training capacity in forestry and wood processing. There are virtually no forestry-specific courses offered at Lesotho’s only university. Forestry officers in the Ministry of Forestry and Land Reclamation Portable sawmill in operation in the Leribe District typically come from the Soil Science program at the National University of and shrubs for fuelwood. have the buy-in and participation of Lesotho or from Lesotho Agricultural Lesotho’s people (Basotho) rely rural communities. It has adopted a College, or have obtained advanced heavily on biomass (wood, shrubs, policy of decentralizing control and degrees overseas. There is a critical animal dung and agricultural residues) management of woodlots so that need for educational alternatives that to supply nearly three-quarters of their communities located close to them will focus on locally relevant forestry and energy needs – the average for the rural feel greater ownership of the resource, forest management practices. At the population is closer to 95%. Several ideally resulting in better stewardship same time, Lesotho is almost devoid hundred woodlots were established and protection of the woodlots. This is of wood processing infrastructure. Only 40-45 years ago, but the need for a promising strategy but it will require one portable sawmill exists in the entire firewood has meant that many have significant training and mentoring of country – itself a pilot project by the fallen prey to widespread unauthor- community members in order to suc- Ministry – and there are no permanent ized felling. Tree plantations have been ceed. That is why the first priority of the mills. Timber for furniture, roof trusses viewed as land use competition for the UBC-African team in 2014 has been to and other industrial needs is sourced range lands that herders have used to propose a community research and exclusively from South Africa. graze their cattle, and animals have training program in 9 pilot communi- From an environmental standpoint been allowed to browse the unfenced ties. As well as gathering information Lesotho is in great need of sustainable, woodlots, resulting in the further loss of on the attitudes and knowledge that effective forest management strategies. significant numbers of young trees. Of community members have related to Erosion gullies (known as “dongas”) are the pine woodlots that have survived, forests and their benefits, it will attempt a common sight around the country, many are now mature, and if they are to engage some of those communities and topsoil is being lost at the alarming not harvested soon the trees will begin in pilot projects to help manage wood-

rate of around 2% each year – indeed, to decay and emit CO2. lots, extract timber, grow mushrooms, the UN has estimated that if current The output of our 2013 forum was make honey and other non-timber erosion rates continue there will be no a holistic plan for forest-related devel- products, and engage in microbusi- farmable soil left by 2040. Lesotho is opment centered on the 4 themes of ness enterprises that can alleviate rural a mountainous country whose steep agroforestry, sustainable forest man- unemployment. The knowledge and slopes and poor soils do not lend agement, community participation results gained from this initial project themselves to productive agriculture, and business and livelihoods. Each is will help to inform a broad range of and with most of the viable land in the intrinsically linked to the other, and intervention and assistance strategies, western lowlands already fully utilized, the plan as a whole is focused on including the creation of a business farming has been established on slopes managing and growing forest lands to incubator for the production of furni- and thin volcanic soils in areas of higher sustainably produce outputs that can ture and other wood products. elevation that can quickly wash away in help the environment and the poor. If you would like to know more about heavy rains. The problem is exacerbated The third pillar – community participa- UBC Forestry’s work in Lesotho, contact by the digging of irrigation furrows that tion – is a critical cross-cutting issue. Iain Macdonald or Joleen Timko at allow the soil to wash downhill more Lesotho’s government has recognized [email protected] or easily, and by widespread felling of trees that for forestry to succeed it must [email protected].

branchlines 13 Transforming findings into policies and practice

The “proof of the pudding is in the be allowed to disappear or remain need for innovative policies that will eating” is a very old proverb with the obscure. put environmental governance on a Oxford Dictionary of Quotations dating Suzi Malan is a doctoral candi- sustainable path has become crucial. it back to the early 14th century, and it date working under the supervision Since the southern region of Africa is is widely attributed to Cervantes in The of Dr John Innes in the Department home to a diverse array of fauna and History of Don Quixote. However, what of Forest Resources Management at flora, much of which is facing the threat if the “pudding” never gets eaten, or if UBC. Her PhD research is focussing of extinction, conservation policies are that which the chef cooks up is ined- on the decision-making processes of particularly critical to halt this trajectory. ible? This perversion of the old adage southern African transboundary con- The dilemma is finding the balance provides some analogy to the fact that servation areas as models of natural between protection and development, much research has no application in resource governance among multi- since this region also supports large real life, or is simply not communicated national governments. With the African populations of impoverished rural to the right audience. Although not all continent’s natural resources facing communities, who often bear the costs research could directly impact policy increasing demands not only by its of environmental protection through making or management decisions, growing human populations, but also diminished access to natural resources the sphere of resource governance from large emerging economies on or through forced removal, but have research is one area which should not the continent as well as abroad, the little share in the direct benefits of these

A community athletics day in Gonarezhou National Park’s buffer zone, under a massive baobab tree

14 branchlines 25#2 2014 Nguni cattle in Parque National do Limpopo, Mozambique

protected ecosystem services. cesses. The research involved conduct- current directions being taken, and It was therefore one of Suzi’s main ing 102 semi-structured interviews with are presently being developed – these objectives to not only identify and community members, park officials include: the need to establish some understand the decision-making pro- and managers at various levels, local form of park management forums cesses behind establishing and man- government officials, national policy among the bordering national parks; aging such cross-border conservation makers and NGOs involved in the trans- and the need to build communities of areas, but to also translate any potential frontier conservation areas, as well as an practice that would strengthen com- recommendations to the policy and in-depth scrutiny of relevant policies munication networks and improve decision makers driving the initiative and treaty documents. A value system collaboration at the operational level behind these mega parks. To this end, framework was developed as a result, among neighbouring conservation she saw an opportunity to create a and each of the ecosystem, socio- areas. platform for discussion when one economic and governance dimensions One further development which high-level politician invited her after an received a cumulative score for the ensued from the governance inter- interview to return towards the end of 2 case study areas which were being views during the research, was that her studies and present her findings. investigated. The findings particularly Suzi was invited to become part of The overall objective of the research in the governance and decision-making a transboundary conservation “think project had been to consult with all sphere were analysed using Capability tank” that meets from time to time layers of decision and policy makers Maturity Model theory and the NATO to discuss challenges and issues per- involved to synthesize the current state Network Enabling Capability model tinent to transboundary resource of knowledge, identify the range of theory. governance. The objective of these potential land management options Armed with an arsenal of resource discussions is to advise policy makers and adaptation actions at various governance findings and recommen- on ways of addressing these challenges scales, and determine the range of dations, Suzi invited a group of key either through appropriate policies, values that drive decision-making pro- policy and decision makers directly or through alternative management involved in the planning and manage- practices. The invitation to be part of With the African ment of the 2 case studies to a policy such a distinguished group was the feedback session. In addition to her ultimate reward for a long and arduous continent’s natural own findings, she also invited another journey, and has resulted in forging resources facing PhD and a post-doc student, both from strong ties with people driven by the increasing demands... Zimbabwe to co-present their own rec- same passion – to find practical solu- ommendations on related issues in the tions to managing Africa’s rich natural the need for innovative areas of tourism and eco-agriculture resources without compromising their policies that will within these “peace parks”. An impor- future existence. put environmental tant outcome from this policy session For further information on this was that 2 major recommendations research project, contact Suzi Malan at governance on a from her research both strengthened [email protected]. sustainable path has become crucial. “ branchlines 15 Matching market signals to the Canadian wood products value chain

Canada’s solid wood products industry has a strong history optimization problem became getting the right log to the of being commodity driven, which on the solid wood side, has right manufacturing facility for the right end-use application. predominately served the low-cost North American residential Resource allocation considers all product-manufacturing construction market. Over a decade of North American hous- alternatives, including lumber in various grades, co-product ing growth (with over 2 million annual single and multi-family chips and residues (and whole log chipping) for pulp, wood housing starts) has created clear economic signals for high composites, bio-chemicals, bio-energy, etc. The return-to-log volume/low cost manufacturing. The resulting products that is maximized by considering all possible “bio-pathways” or have dominated have been - and largely remain - dimension “value-pathways”, both for meeting potential domestic and lumber, wood-based panels and wood chips as a manufactur- export demands (see www.fpac.ca/index.php/en/page/value- ing co-product. pathways, for a discussion of these concepts). In this commodity world, research and industry has under- standably been focused on technologies and processes that NSERC Strategic Research Network on Value minimize cost, rather than maximize value. This has led to Chain Optimization (VCO) decades of supply chain optimization, creating tremendous In partial response to a growing emphasis on value-chains, efficiencies in harvesting, manufacture and distribution. the NSERC VCO Network was established as 1 of 8 networks Indeed, the ‘platform-frame’ housing system evolved in North for Canada’s Forest Innovation by Research & Education (FIBRE) America to be amongst the most efficient in the world, deliv- program. These are federally funded strategic research & ering attributes demanded in the marketplace including a development networks “in support of the priorities of Canada’s highly competitive price. vital forest sector innovation system” (www.fibrenetwork.org). In the manufacture of any commodity, however, at some Officially launched in February of 2010, the VCO Network’s point declining real prices and the diminishing returns to stated mission is “to improve the Canadian forest industry cost-reduction combine to challenge the sustainability of competitiveness through forest and business innovation by the industry. Add in the housing collapse in the US, a strong training the best highly qualified personnel in the emerging Canadian dollar, structural changes in the pulp and paper field of value chain modelling and by providing analysis tools sector (affecting co-product wood chip demand), and sup- and decision support for optimization of the modern forest ply constraints (including the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic bioeconomy networks [being] the entire network of activities in BC), and one might conclude that the need for industry and processes from the tree through to the consumers of diversification has never been stronger. conventional forest products, new value-added products, new These underlying supply and demand challenges have fibre products and new biochemical and biofuel products.” strongly contributed to the evolution of supply chain into VCO has the inherent objective of adding value to the value chain optimization. By adding the focus on value, the Canadian forest resource. By definition, ‘value’ adding will

16 branchlines 25#2 2014 2011 2016 2021 for 3 categories of lumber (representing 16 appearance, construction and economy grades), 3 categories of logs (high and 14 low grade sawlogs, and pulpwood), and 12 ‘bio-mass’ (represented by wood chips and wood pellets). Concurrently, a sup- 3 10 ply model is being developed using BC as a case study, incorporating cross-price 8

Million M effects of the 3 log categories. 6 As an example of a scenario analysis, the graphs show simulated trade 4 (Canada exports and China imports) of 2 combined lumber categories, being 2 that represented by North American construction grade and economy/util- US Japan Korea China Europe RoW ity grade. The scenario run included: 1) Import Regions decreased supply over time due to the Canada exports of softwood lumber, combined North American construction and BC Mountain Pine Beetle and harvest economy/utility grade categories reductions in Ontario and Quebec; 2) increase in US importer demand due 2011 2016 2021 to rising housing starts, and an increase 16 in China’s demand. It is interesting to 14 see that in this forecast scenario that Canada exports to China decreased, 12 with the growing demand being met by the Russian Federation. It is also 3 10 interesting to see that Canada does not

8 export any of this category of lumber to

Million M any of the listed import regions other 6 than to the US, China, or the small amount to ‘Rest of World’ (RoW). 4 These are the types of questions that are investigated in market-driven 2 value chain optimization. • How would increased demand for Canada US Europe Russia NZ Chile Other glue-laminated timber in North Export Regions America play out in terms of capi- China imports of softwood lumber, combinedNorth American construction and tal investments in manufacture, economy/utility grade categories grade of lumber demand and log come from a deeper understanding research scientist with FPInnovations. To allocation in eastern versus western of the needs and desires of the market help with the needed linkage of market Canada? place (ie ‘value’ to whom?). While one signals back through manufacturing, log • Who would ‘win the fibre auc- of these values will continue to be low allocation (and, therefore, forest policy) tion’ with further increases in the cost commodities for home construc- Chris and his colleagues have been demand for bio-energy; a pel- tion by builders and developers, there investigating supply and global trade let plant or low-grade lumber are opportunities to expand products modelling techniques that allow for producer? and markets in more complete build- greater product flexibility. The models • What will be the after-effects of the ing systems, offering increased speed being developed allow us to forecast Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic? of construction, lower on-site labour the effects of changing the balance of • What are the effects on factors such needs, increased environmental attri- log and lumber grades among possible as exchange rates and oil prices on butes (such as cellulose based insula- end-uses and geographic markets, along optimal fibre allocations? tion), and a growing focus on appear- with the ability to run “what-if” scenarios. • What are the policy implications of ance products. All of these end-uses This work is further developing a trade these scenarios? require unique optimization processes model initially developed by Chris and For further information on this right back to the forests. coworkers over 15 years ago. With the research contact Dr Chris Gaston at Dr Chris Gaston is an associate profes- 2013 improvements, the researchers [email protected]. sor in the Faculty of Forestry and a senior can run supply and demand scenarios

branchlines 17 Community-based tenures: A step in the right direction for First Nations?

In British Columbia, community- rights on traditional territories, but reconciliation of “past” injustices stem- based forest tenures – ie Community community-based tenures also purport ming from colonization, providing Forest Agreements (CFAs) and, most to enhance the diversification and development opportunities for First recently, First Nations Woodland viability of local economies, thereby Nations in a landscape wherein very Licenses (FNWLs) – have been held up providing increased opportunities for few meaningful spaces have historically as progressive, empowering mecha- First Nations participation in the forest been opened for First Nations’ benefit nisms through which First Nations sector and developing capacity for or interest. In this light, tenure reform might successfully obtain control over Indigenous communities to manage has certainly been long overdue, and local forest resources while exercising businesses and forestlands according community-based tenures have been some degree of self-determination to some culturally and socially directed received, on the whole, with cautious by managing forestlands for a variety imperatives. but determined optimism: the general of locally defined values and goals. In both academic and mainstream consensus in policy and governance Though an arguably negligible alloca- discourse, these tenures have also been circles tends towards the agreement tion of Annual Allowable Cut and area characterized as timely responses to a that these tenures are indeed favour- has thus far been distributed to First variety of overlapping factors includ- able developments in BC’s forestry Nations, these small-scale area-based ing changing global economic and setting that may also help to “close the licenses are generally perceived as posi- environmental conditions, increased gaps” – ie economic, social, and political tive, forward-thinking steps towards local and international pressures for gaps – between existing Aboriginal and the long-awaited repossession, control, decentralization, and – importantly – Crown relationships. and management of local resources by active demands and legal challenges rurally-based Indigenous communi- by First Nations for rights to use and One step forward, one step ties. Not only is tenure itself thought access forest resources located on back to increase the extent to which First their traditional territories. In some In the Faculty of Forestry’s Forests Nations might exercise their Aboriginal ways, these tenures also stand for the and Communities in Transition (FACT)

18 branchlines 25#2 2014 Lab, MSc student Mariko Molander settler colonialism here in BC. By treat- To address these questions, this has been examining these recent ing these tenures as “groundbreaking” research constructs a “Foucauldian developments in tenure reform as part symbols of apparent recognition, genealogy of the present”. This method of her thesis research. Taking a step reconciliation, and progress, current involves tracing various “lines” of back to look at the bigger picture, her research fails to acknowledge the very descent and power that are intimately research questions whether CFAs and real and powerful implications of ten- linked to mainstream, dominant con- FNWLs are indeed “best fit” forms of ure reforms that, in actuality, do very ceptions of reality, including an analysis tenure for First Nations in BC, particu- little to challenge the overall structure of 2 intersecting but conflicting parts: larly given the importance of tenure of either the provincial tenure system (1) how certain institutions, practices, reform to produce meaningful spaces or Crown-Aboriginal relations, both of and discourses have been shaped and in forestry that are truly supportive of which implicitly consider the following taken for granted over time as being Indigenous worldviews and visions of to be “given,” or true: the “rational” and “logical” organizing self-determination. 1 that settler colonialism is an histori- principles of the world; and (2) how As with any new development, cal event – a “dark chapter in history” Indigenous knowledge, ways of being, numerous criticisms are directed – rather than a structure and ongo- and acts of resistance may counter such towards community forest and wood- ing reality; rationalities. For instance, an important land ventures. First Nations licensees 2 that market integration, partici- line of inquiry traces the parallel and in particular often face tremendous pation, and neoliberalization are conflicting sovereignties of the Crown challenges related to partial accom- rational and logical end-goals of and of Indigenous nations. How has modation, issues of economies of scale, Indigenous self-determination; Crown sovereignty come to be under- ambiguous terms of representation 3 that Western models of corporate stood as unequivocally paramount and and flexibility, a lack of support and organization are compatible with legitimate on lands that, for the vast capacity, low local awareness, and high Indigenous systems of exchange part, have never been ceded either operating costs. Current conversations and reciprocity; and, through historical conquest, passage regarding forest management in BC 4 that Crown sovereignty is both of time, or treaty? What is the history therefore tend to revolve around the paramount and legitimate. and nature of Western sovereignty that identification and mitigation of these Critical engagement with the actively seeks to displace Indigenous types of functional and operational deeper assumptions underlying the conceptualizations of nationhood? problems – problems that are typically institutionalization of such community- And finally, how is Crown sovereignty acknowledged as being “reasonable” oriented projects is rare; rarer yet is the normalized and reinforced through and “practical” to address and resolve consideration of implications to the tenure decentralization, which purports by stakeholders, policy makers, gov- rich and varied range of First Nations’ to empower communities without ernment, and academics alike. For expressions of self-determination and actually redressing the theft of lands instance, “sensible” solutions to the Indigenous nationhoods in BC. So, that occurs through colonialism? problems of representation and par- where might we go from here? Some might view the consideration ticipation might include the creation of of these questions as being perhaps increased employment opportunities Tracing the genealogy of the impractical, time-consuming, and a for First Nations in forestry, or general present hindrance to “progress”; the value of improvements to the overall function- Mariko’s research takes as its start- genealogical research, however, is ality of tenure design to better suit the ing point a very basic premise: if we located precisely in the arousal of such mutual interests of First Nations and want to move forward with meaningful responses: to give us glimpses into the Crown; these types of solutions discussions of tenure reform – and this alternative pathways and futures, and are typically commended and treated can be extended to both provincial to decolonize minds and assumptions as boons to First Nations’ increased and national levels – and truly uncover that have been shaped by power- self-determination. ways in which tenures may enable or ful forces, deeply rooted in colonial Such responses, however, tend to hinder First Nations in exercising their processes over time. This research shy away from fully calling into ques- self-determination, then a real effort maintains that an honest, just discus- tion the broader structural barriers needs to be made to unmask and sion of tenure reform – if that is what that exist to the operation of these understand the various ways through we truly seek – can only begin by first tenures by First Nations. Moreover, which colonial power continues to understanding the deeply complex, they neglect to unpack the ideologi- assert itself today. Moving beyond a multi-faceted, multi-voiced context in cal intention and normalizing effects surface analysis of recent issues and which we find ourselves today. of institutionalizing community-based challenges, we need to first ask our- Mariko Molander is currently complet- forest tenures; rarely – if indeed ever selves, how did we get here? What are ing her MSc thesis under the supervision – do they meaningfully situate the the implications of these tenures to First of Dr Rob Kozak in the FACT Lab. For fur- emergence of these tenures within Nations’ self-determination in a deeply ther information, please email Mariko at the context of historical and ongoing problematic context? [email protected].

branchlines 19 Developing human well-being indicators for Haida Gwaii By Hannah Kent

“I’m here to research human well-being – and how we of ecosystem-based management, which includes human could measure it on Haida Gwaii.” I was on the ferry heading well-being. Although improving human well-being was an to a breathtaking archipelago off the northern coast of British important part of the process, it was not clear how human Columbia, chatting with a man who had spent most of his life well-being could be measured and that was what I was on living on Haida Gwaii. He, like many of the people I would meet Haida Gwaii to explore. However, as I met with more and more during my stay, was friendly and helpful. He didn’t mind I was a individuals to discuss my study, I began to understand there young researcher from the University of British Columbia with was no clear distinction between the health of the natural envi- limited experience coming to study one of the most complex ronment – the land, ocean and air – and human well-being. topics today. Before parting ways he queried: “you mentioned Defining and describing human well-being or quality human well-being… but what about animal well-being?” of life is a challenging endeavour. This challenge has been Initially I didn’t have a response. My inclination was to considered by some of the greatest minds across cultures: explain animal well-being was beyond the scope of my study Aristotle explained the concept of eudaimonia, Emanual Kant as there were already ecological indicators for Haida Gwaii. considered universal laws and eastern philosophers wrote of They had been developed as part of the land-use planning restraining individual desires. Human well-being indicators can process that led to a new government-to-government rela- be useful tools for enabling a community to identify what it tionship between the Haida Nation and the Government values, holding individuals and groups accountable for achiev- of British Columbia, one based on mutual respect and the ing goals, encouraging democracy, and allowing a framework co-management of natural resources. The land-use planning for decision-making. They have been used to inform govern- process was guided by Haida values, as well as the principles ment policies in a multitude of towns, cities, provinces and

20 branchlines 25#2 2014 countries. Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness framework is an access to traditional forest resources for food, art, medicine oft-cited national scale example. Recently, the United Nations and construction and whether traditional foods are healthy encouraged all countries to develop and measure indicators and safe to eat. This access is directly connected to other areas for human well-being and happiness. of human well-being including Haida culture, the economy, A notable shift has occurred in recent social indicator health, and education. This concept was likely prominent due research, broadening from a focus on narrow social indicators to Haida knowledge that recognizes the value of ecosystems to include complex, multidimensional indicators of human to human well-being. well-being. In forestry, early indicators were developed in The second important concept is access to benefits from an ad hoc fashion by experts and with limited involvement natural resource development. This concept includes mea- from communities. Over time there has been a transition to sures for a range of benefits that residents feel they should greater involvement of local people in indicator development receive from resource development. Access to jobs in resource and a focus on indicators that reflect a broader quality of life development is an important concern for individuals and or community well-being, rather than indicators associated families, and small businesses, such as mills, need access to with forest dependence. Several key areas of research have wood to create jobs. It is also important that governments emerged, widening the discussion of well-being in indigenous reinvest resource royalties in local services and needs. Access research, sociology, psychology, anthropology, ecology and to these benefits would lead to improvements in other areas natural resource management. New research points to the of well-being including the economy, health, culture, com- importance of a greater inclusion of people and their values munity, and education. and a broader consideration of the connection between Building resilient communities and human capital was ecological and human systems. important as many participants suggested ways of being more During 2013, I held interviews with 20 participants, ask- resilient on Haida Gwaii and investing in health and educa- ing what they thought were important measures for human tion. Whether it was growing more food and continuing to well-being on Haida Gwaii. I contacted residents of Haida develop the already delicious farmer’s markets, continuing to Gwaii who could offer insights from different professional build educational programs, or developing renewable energy and personal perspectives, allowing me to base the study on systems, participants described strategies to continue to make Haida and local knowledge. Interview transcripts and notes Haida Gwaii vibrant. Participants described the importance of were analyzed using qualitative data techniques, listing all the Haida and other cultures, social connections and participating indicators suggested by residents and identifying important in community activities. categories and concepts. Three concepts that are important I hope these concepts and the associated indicators will in explaining the results of this study are: 1) Relationship with be helpful tools for governments on Haida Gwaii and gener- the land, ocean and air, 2) Access to benefits from natural ate significant interest and meaningful discussion regarding resource development, and 3) Building resilient communities how human well-being could be measured. On a personal and human capital. level, somewhere between the coffee houses, the potluck Relationship with the land, ocean and air focuses on dinners with friends, and quiet walks by the ocean, I learned whether Haida and long-term residents have access to the many lessons about human well-being. Community matters forest and ocean resources they need for all aspects of their and having a community that knows and supports you is one lives. It also includes a consideration of whether residents and of the greatest sources of joy we can experience. governments are responsibly managing the land, ocean and air Hannah Kent recently completed this research as part of her for current and future generations. Prominent indicators in this MSc degree under the supervision of Dr John Innes. Hannah can category were whether Haida and long-term residents have be reached at [email protected].

branchlines 21 Small-scale forestry in Ghana: Surviving reforms?

Ghana’s forestry sector is undergoing reforms resulting from the country’s involvement in 2 international mechanisms: a Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) under the EU’s Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Programme (FLEGT), which aims to promote legality verification of timber traded to the EU, as well as address the illegalities in the domestic market; and preparations for participating in a future mechanism to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), in order to tackle deforestation caused mostly by agricultural encroachment and forest illegalities. There is a worry that emphasizing legality with these reforms will nega- Globally, small and medium forest lation, it has been illegal since 1998. tively impact local livelihoods highly enterprises (SMFEs), including commu- Despite this, it continues to receive dependent on the informal sector, as nity-based forest enterprises, contrib- strong support from local communities, informal SMFEs such as the chainsaw ute significantly to local employment in who benefit from informal payments millers will be a target of reforms. forest-based economies, providing live- and supplies of milled timber, and But, if done properly, VPA and REDD lihoods and enhancing the well-being enjoys tacit support of the government, reforms could help SMFEs overcome of many rural poor. In Ghana, SMFEs which sources up to 60% of its timber many of the challenges they face by provide income for approximately 3 from these illegal sources and turns a bringing them into the formal sector. million people, accruing wealth locally blind eye to local timber markets deal- Additionally, sustainably managed and empowering local entrepreneur- ing mostly with illegal timber. An addi- SMFEs could help to achieve the goals ship. However, these SMFEs are a large tional factor driving this illegal practice of the VPA and REDD, in terms of reduc- part of the informal sector in Ghana, is the current tenure system, where the ing illegalities and deforestation and and face a number of challenges such government owns the rights to all natu- degradation, while also providing the as lack of tenure security, excessive rally occurring trees. Landowners and co-benefit of improving rural liveli- bureaucracy, unfavourable policies communities with trees or forests on hoods through increased employment and legislation, poor market access and their land get little to no benefits from and income. information, lack of access to credit, and formal concessionaires that harvest As part of her postdoctoral fellow- weak bargaining power. timber from their land, and in fact suf- ship, and in collaboration with the Chainsaw milling, where logs are fer damages to crops from machinery Forests and Communities in Transition milled into boards with chainsaws used. To prevent this, farmers tend to (FACT) Lab at UBC and the Rights and onsite in the forest, is an important destroy timber trees on their property, Resources Initiative (a Washington- component of Ghana’s SMFE sector. or sell them illegally to chainsaw millers based NGO), Dr Reem Hajjar set out It supplies about 80% of lumber on before they are given out as conces- to investigate how REDD and FLEGT- domestic markets and contributes to sions by the government. related reforms would affect Ghana’s the livelihoods of 650,000 people. Yet, To address these illegalities and SMFE sector. The main questions were: due to its inefficiencies and lack of regu- other unsustainable forest practices, how are SMFEs being incorporated into

22 branchlines 25#2 2014 The tenure system has been a major bottleneck for to farmers or communities to sustainably manage their tim- promoting legal small-scale ber trees. Without this incentive, farmers will likely continue and community forestry, to sell their trees and forests indiscriminately, contributing to reducing illegal logging, deforestation and forest degradation, and perpetuating the informal supply chain. and limiting deforestation. “ Meanwhile, the country’s REDD documents state, among other things, the importance of reforming tenure and pro- VPA and REDD plans? And, are the VPA and REDD addressing moting SMFEs. However, at the time of this research, there the right issues to regulate the sector and achieve their objec- was little evidence that SMFEs were being engaged in the tives while also benefiting SMFEs? process, or that the tenure issue was being tackled. As one To get a better understanding of what would happen to interviewee put it: the SMFEs with these new plans, Reem went to Ghana in early “If you look at the VPA, this has been flagged. In REDD, 2013 to interview various experts from stakeholder groups it has been flagged. […] people think that tenure has to (government, timber trade associations, NGOs, academia), be addressed. It’s the elephant in the room, everyone talks as well as a number of SMFE operators, in order to get more about it. And we think that there should be some pragmatic information on the changes in the sector and gather their approach to addressing it, but at the moment I don’t see that opinions on its future. [reform] happening.” Results indicate that the reforms would likely have a large The tenure system has been a major bottleneck for promot- impact on SMFEs, some of it positive and some of it not, but ing legal small-scale and community forestry, reducing illegal that fundamental tenure reforms that would help to consid- logging, and limiting deforestation, and various stakeholders erably reduce deforestation and illegalities were still lacking. have their opinions of why it has been so difficult to change. The SMFE-related VPA reforms focus principally on reduc- Despite broad agreement that reforms are necessary, can it ing market demand for illegal wood through a government happen? Reem has been working with Rights and Resources procurement policy, and legalizing the activities of some Initiative to figure out the next steps for action, including work- illegal chainsaw millers by training them to be “artisanal milling with Ghanaian partner NGOs and timber trade associations ers” using more efficient mobile mills. The fact that these new to explore the most feasible options for tenure reform, includ- mobile mills are prohibitively expensive for most was seen ing the possibility of setting up more community-based forest as a positive thing by the government, as it would raise the management pilot projects. These on-the-ground actors are bar for, and thus limit the number of, those participating in the ones that can use this policy window to push for reforms logging activities. The remainder, the government proposed, favourable to a sustainable small-scale forestry sector, while would be provided with alternative livelihoods. Needless to also achieving the objectives of the VPA and REDD in Ghana. say there were mixed opinions on the feasibility of absorbing Dr Reem Hajjar is a Banting Postdoctoral Fellow working with all those currently involved in chainsaw milling with this plan. Dr Rob Kozak at UBC and the Rights and Resources Initiative. The In addition, among the drivers of illegalities that will not be work described here is part of a larger project she is conducting addressed by these reforms is tenure: there are few plans to on promoting small-scale and community forestry in both Ghana change a tenure system that currently provides no incentive and Mexico. She can be reached at [email protected].

branchlines 23 Untangling Christmas lights: Crafting a vision for BC’s coastal forests

The Faculty of Forestry in collaboration with Arnie Bercov, were constantly evolving and included managing for mul- President of the Pulp, Paper and Woodworkers of Canada tiple forest values while collaborating with First Nations and (PPWC), convened a panel of eight individuals drawn from other stakeholders. key constituency groups on 23 January 2014 to outline Keith Atkinson, CEO of the First Nations Forestry Council, policy issues, potential solutions and their visions for BC’s opined that the primary interest of the 203 First Nations (FNs) coastal forests. The event, which was the first in a planned in BC was to see the restoration of much of their customary series, attracted about 120 UBC students and alumni, faculty territories from their current degraded state. He also flagged and staff from across campus, Union members and inter- the unresolved FN-government-to-provincial-government ested citizens. Linc Kesler, Senior Adviser to the President issues (G2G), including the security of customary land. Fifteen on Aboriginal Affairs, welcomed the participants on behalf years of experience had accumulated since the launch of of the host Musqueam First Nations community on whose the Ministry’s forest revitalization plan. In the assessment of traditional, ancestral and unceded territory UBC’s campus is First Nations, the G2G relationships were not yet meaning- located. Dean John Innes chaired the event. ful. While new opportunities had opened up for Aboriginal Over the course of 2 ½ hours, panellists engaged in communities in increased tenure awards (logging conces- a wide-ranging discussion with the audience and each sions), a common perception of FNs was that tenures were other. Towards the end of the event, Stephanie Goodwin, being allocated on an ad hoc basis, ‘a snip here, another snip BC Director and Senior Forest Campaigner for Greenpeace, there.’ In consequence, the 14 per cent of tenures held by described the challenge of reconciling divergent visions for FNs did not add up to areas that were economically viable BC’s coastal forests as akin to untangling Christmas tree lights for individual FN tenure holders to log on their own. That – an entirely do-able task but one that requires patience and is, the logging areas were too distant or too poor in quality good humour, made easier by collaboration. or too short in duration of non-replaceable AACs such that Strands of the Christmas lights that were disentangled they could not justify investment in equipment or training by panellists were the needs to – by individual FNs. Thus, in terms of access and benefit shar- • create conditions that maximize economic opportunities ing, many of the FNs were simply short-term rentiers, not for First Nations; building community skills or sustainable livelihoods for their • create regional resiliency plans for forests and forest- young people. dependent communities in an era of climate change; On the topic of BC’s unresolved land issues with First • strengthen forest monitoring to provide skilled jobs and Nations, John Cathro, forest auditor, opined that there was to verify prescribed forest practices; much to learn from the Haida Gwaii Strategic Land Use • nurture more value-added industries in the province to Agreement (2007) on shared management between FNs and increase the number of jobs per thousand cubic metres BC Government; although ultimate decision-making power of log; remains with the provincial Ministries. • aim for both maximum social value and maximum envi- A number of panellists expressed regret that the social ronmental stewardship of BC’s remaining old growth contract of appurtenancy is no longer being enforced on forests. holders of Tree Farm Licences, even while the largest share A number of the presenters maintained that the era of of BC’s forests has been concentrated in fewer and fewer easy access to old growth forests had ended. They expressed hands. Appurtenancy was the concept that awards of long- concerns that the annual allowable cut (AAC) had been too term, large-scale tenures over forests on Crown land carried high for too long and that over-cutting was partly responsible an obligation on the tenure holder to create economically for the ‘fall down’ being experienced and the continuing sustainable and socially-viable rural townships and com- evidence of forest degradation. Rick Jeffery, the President munities through industrial development. Valerie Langer and CEO of Coast Forest Products Association (CFPA), an of ForestEthics Solutions said that the ad hoc forest policy organization that represents 20 leading edge forestry com- appears to be ever greater shifts of responsibility for forest panies, countered that their forest management practices management to large tenure holders who, in turn, have less

24 branchlines 25#2 2014 and less responsibility to forest-dependent communities. tively participate in economic opportunities’. Several panel- Among the perverse outcomes of these trends were a halv- lists urged the maximizing of economic opportunities while ing of royalties from stumpage in the past ten years, and ensuring social stability and ecological functionality within the cutting of at least 1,000 Ministry of Forestry jobs. The the ecosystem-based management of BC’s forest resources. reduction in royalties has been partly a consequence of the While some panellists maintained that log exports were private sector negotiating reducing factors in formulae for too high, Doug Konkin, former Deputy Minister of Forests, offsets because of more difficult logging conditions. Smaller Lands and Natural Resource Operations held that forestry operators and holders of community tenures have not had in BC had to be viewed within a global context, as global the political clout or inside knowledge to secure such large demand-pull determines local outcomes. benefits. Rick Jeffery described the use of nanotechnologies for The progress achieved by multiple stakeholders in the improved use of fibres. He decried the continuing practice Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) contrasted with this negative pic- of salt-water logging and rafting which led to problems in ture. The commitment of CAN $120 million by environmental salt-clogged boilers in pulp mills. Jeffrey advocated use of NGOs and government have permitted adherence to 2 key trucks and barges instead. conditions: firstly, the agreement to use the best available Gary Bull asked about leverage for change, and Valerie science to determine the AAC, and to protect representative Langer noted that it was important for stakeholders to see GBR ecosystems; secondly, the safeguarding of the wellbeing where the power to make decisions about the BC coastal of the First Nations and other communities that reside within forests was located. She urged more consideration of value the GBR. Other participants opined that impressive though propositions and of underlying moral and ethical issues in the gains were within the 3.2 million hectares (Mha) of the developing a vision. An important outcome of the panel GBR, it – the Great Bear Rainforest - was only a small part of discussion was a renewed commitment by the panellists to the 22 Mha classified as the Timber Harvesting Land Base continue to seek common ground. After the event, a number out of 57 Mha of Crown forest land in BC. of students said that Valerie Langer’s closing remarks had Francois Dufresne, President & CEO of the Forest rung true for them: “here, in BC, we’ve conditioned ourselves Stewardship Council (FSC) in Canada, outlined the ways in to use the AAC as the only measure of forestry. We need to which that voluntary, independent, third party forest certi- recall the precautionary principle and regulate for all eco- fication scheme worked and its emphasis on due diligence system values in fulfilment of the social contract between and risk assessment. concession awardees (tenure holders) and the provincial Proposals suggested towards a vision for BC’s coastal government as administrators of the Crown forests on behalf temperate rainforests: of the people”. John Innes suggested that the goal should be a grand There is clearly a long way to go to merge these disparate vision for BC’s coastal forests rather than piecemeal visions. views into a coherent vision. There must surely be a role for Arnie Bercov advocated that mills be helped to re-capitalize, UBC’s Faculty of Forestry in this process. thereby expanding equitable conditions for employment in If you would like to know more about the panel and future forest-based communities. Keith Atkinson flagged that the plans, please email Janette Bulkan, Assistant Professor of capacity of FNs should be improved so that ‘we can proac- Indigenous Forestry, [email protected].

branchlines 25 development & alumninews Forestry undergraduate award honours UBC Alumni

The Faculty’s most significant undergraduate student award has been established in honour of Phillip Tindle (ApSc 49) and his wife Katherine (BA 48). “Please, call me Taddy,” Katherine says. “I’ve gone by that nickname my whole life.” In their top-floor Vancouver apartment with gorgeous views of forests and mountains, Phillip and Taddy recently talked about their lives at UBC, Phillip’s career in forestry, and the importance of this new student award. “We met in grade 10 English at Lord Byng,” Phillip says. “We both went to UBC, and dated all through first and second year. At the end of second year, we got engaged when I gave Taddy my fraternity pin. I couldn’t afford a diamond, you see!” Back then there was no Faculty of Forestry; it was a department within Applied Science. One of Phillip’s professors was Malcolm Knapp, who taught courses in logging, wood technology and forest products. Knapp was also Taddy’s father, so Phillip worked hard to stay on his good side. Malcolm Knapp was instrumental in the negotiations that resulted in UBC acquiring a research forest in 1949. Two years prior, Phillip had assisted the BC Land Surveyor to outline the boundaries of this forest near Haney, which would later bear his father-in-law’s name. Nevertheless, it was pretty stressful work. “We would buy Immediately after graduation in 1949, Phillip and Taddy were 30-40 railroad cars of lumber and send them out across the married and Phillip began working for a small lumber company. country,” he says. “Then we would get on the phones and try to He and Taddy began to build their family as well, welcoming sell them all before they reached their destinations.” Jan, Mark, Kim and Jill over the following decade. In 1980 Phillip was honoured as the first-ever Lumberman Later, Phillip became a partner in Ralph S Plant Ltd, a lumber of the Year by the BC Wholesale Lumber Association. wholesaler, where he spent most of his career. He was respon- The Phillip A and Katherine Tindle Forestry Award will sible for selling lumber to every US state except Hawaii, and so provide over $7,000 annually to support and recognize an aca- spent about 6 weeks a year on the road, including in the then- demically strong student with demonstrated leadership skills segregated South. “I remember one time visiting a client first and involvement in the community. thing in the morning, and they started their day with a prayer Phillip and Taddy support the emphasis on well-rounded meeting. All the white people were on one side of the room students. “Leadership skills and community service are quali- and all the black people were on the other. ties we need as a nation in order to be successful. The world is “Our business was based on the spoken word,” he says. “We highly competitive, and so we need expertise. But we also need didn’t have the internet or even faxes, so the phone and face- leadership to make things happen,” they say. to-face meetings were our main tools. We developed strong To learn more about this award or to discuss creating a student relationships with our customers this way, and I’ve been lucky award of your own, please contact Emma Tully, phone 604.822.8716 to keep in touch with many former clients.” or email [email protected].

26 branchlines 25#2 2014 Sarah Doran-Coelho – Development Officer

The Development and Alumni organizations and charities. Engagement team in the Faculty Sarah replaces Deepti Mathew Iype of Forestry is pleased to welcome who has taken up a new opportunity Sarah Doran-Coelho in the role of in the Faculty of Forestry with Professor Development Officer. Stephen Sheppard’s group. Sarah very Prior to joining the Faculty, Sarah much looks forward to meeting the was the Director of Development at Faculty’s alumni, friends and donors. the BC Sports Hall of Fame. Previously, She can be reached at Sarah led Sleep Country Canada’s com- [email protected] or at munity relations program, managing 604.822.0898. Welcome Sarah. annual fundraising campaigns and special events in support of community

Alumni & Friends BBQ & Tour

On Sunday, April 27, 2014 alumni, their families, friends, faculty, staff and students joined together at the Malcolm Knapp Research Forest for the annual Alumni & Friends BBQ & Tour. The day started with groups splitting into 2; the “grown-ups” heading for a bus tour around the forest to view the new demonstration project and hear from students about their thinning project. Meanwhile, families gathered for a nature tour which included a hunt for chocolate eggs. Following the tour, both groups mingled at a reception hosted by Dean John Innes and later at the BBQ. Thank you to all for joining us and we hope to see you at next year’s event.

Class of 1968 reunion

The class of 1968 celebrated their 46th reunion on Saturday, May 24, 2014 during Alumni Weekend on the UBC campus. Their day started with catch- ing up over their class yearbook, a tour of the Forest Sciences Centre, a visit to the MacMillan Building (former home of the Faculty of Forestry) then a chat with Dean Innes. Afterwards everyone gathered for lunch at Mahony & Son’s. Thank you to the Class of 1968 for including us in your festivities!

branchlines 27 Where has your degree taken you?

At the Faculty of Forestry, we are often asked by govern- up (both geographically and breadth of career paths), we ment and industry about the geographic mobility of our invite you to take a couple of minutes to answer a few ques- graduates, including where they find work upon graduation tions. Please go to the url below and help us to collect this as well as throughout their careers. For those considering important information. studying in the Faculty, one major question often asked is http://getinvolved.forestry.ubc.ca/outcomes/ “what kind of career might a degree from the Faculty lead Thank you in advance for your help and support of the to?” To get an accurate picture of where our graduates end Faculty of Forestry. Mark your calendars for the following forestry alumni events • Friday, August 30, 2014 – Alumni Reception in Nelson, BC. Class of 1989 Reunion: We’re spreading the word – the class of 1989 is celebrating their Monday, September 29, 2014 – Alumni Reception at the • 25th reunion on the weekend of September 19th to 21st. They are Canadian Urban Forestry Conference in Victoria. looking for “lost in the woods” classmates, professors and others • Thursday, October 9, 2014 – Alumni Reception at the 24th who were part of the faculty at that time to come and join them in International Union of Forest Research Organizations World Harrison Hot Springs to reconnect. Organized events include golf at Congress (IUFRO) in Salt Lake City, Utah. the Sandpiper Golf Course and dinner at the Harrison Hot Springs Resort on Saturday evening. The deadline to reserve your room at the resort is August 5th. For more information, please contact Janna Keep an eye out for more information in the monthly Alumni Kellett at [email protected] or 604.827.3082. E-Newsletter, or contact Janna Kellett at [email protected] or 604.827.3082. Are you celebrating a milestone reunion in 2014 or 2015? If so, contact Janna Kellett at [email protected] or 604.827.3082 to see how we can help you!

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