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Linking FLEGT and REDD+ to Improve Forest Governance

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Linking FLEGT and REDD+ to Improve Forest Governance ETF r n i s s u e N o . 5 5 , m a R c h 2 0 1 4 n E w s 55 RodeRick Zagt Linking FLEGT and REDD+ to Improve Forest Governance EuropEan Tropical ForEsT ResEarch Network EuRopEan TRopIcaL ForesT REsEaRch NetwoRk ETFRN News Linking FLEGT and REDD+ to Improve Forest Governance IssuE no. 55, maRch 2014 This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European commission’s Thematic programme for Environment and sustainable management of natural Resources, Including Energy; the European Forest Institute’s Eu REDD Facility; the German Federal ministry for Economic cooperation and Development (BmZ); and the Government of the netherlands. The views expressed herein are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of ETFRn, Tropenbos International, the European union or the other participating organizations. published by: Tropenbos International, wageningen, the netherlands copyright: © 2014 ETFRn and Tropenbos International, wageningen, the netherlands Texts may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes, citing the source. citation: Broekhoven, Guido and marieke wit (eds.). (2014). Linking FLEGT and REDD+ to Improve Forest Governance. Tropenbos International, wageningen, the netherlands. xx + 212 pp. Editors: Guido Broekhoven and marieke wit Final editing and layout: Patricia halladay Graphic Design IsBn: 978-90-5113-116-1 Issn: 1876-5866 cover photo: women crossing a bridge near kisangani, DRc. Roderick Zagt printed by: Digigrafi, Veenendaal, the netherlands available from: ETFRn c/o Tropenbos International p.o. Box 232, 6700 aE wageningen, the netherlands tel. +31 317 702020 e-mail [email protected] web www.etfrn.org This publication is printed on Fsc®-certified paper. contents preface v Linking FLEGT and REDD+ to improve forest governance — a synthesis vi Guido Broekhoven, Marieke Wit, Emilie Goransson, Ragna John, Christophe Van Orshoven and Robert Simpson section 1. introduction 1 1.1 FLEGT, VPAs and the Eu Timber Regulation 3 Flip van Helden and Emilie Goransson 1.2 Introduction to REDD+ 6 Valérie Merckx and Christophe Van Orshoven section 2. types of interactions 9 2.1 Interactions between the Eu FLEGT and Fsc forest regimes 11 K. Freerk Wiersum, Kathleen A.E. Capiroso and Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers 2.2 National-level FLEGT VPA and REDD+ interactions, congo Basin 18 Yitagesu Tekle Tegegne, Robert M. Ochieng, Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers, Marcus Lindner, Kalame Fobissie and Markku Kanninen 2.3 Linking REDD+ and FLEGT in Lao pDR 25 Corinna Brunschön and Steffen Lackmann 2.4 Interactions between forest policy initiatives in Brazil, colombia, Ecuador and peru 34 José Miguel Orozco Muñoz section 3. governance, law and institutions 43 3.1 Creating synergies between REDD+ and FLEGT VPA in Ghana 45 Kingsley Bekoe Ansah and Saskia Ozinga 3.2 Civil society participation in FLEGT and REDD+ in the Republic of the congo 53 Indra Van Gisbergen 3.3 Analyzing synergies and overlaps in safeguard approaches 60 Sebastien Korwin, Ugo Ribet and Daniela Rey 3.4 A country approach to REDD+ safeguards and the FLEGT VPA, Vietnam 68 Steve Swan 3.5 Land tenure and FLEGT-REDD+ synergies, Republic of the congo 76 Julia Christian and Nathalie Faure 3.6 REDD+ and FLEGT in DRc: strengths and weaknesses 85 Joël B. Kiyulu N’yanga section 4. communities and smallholders 91 4.1 Unintended effects of international forest initiatives at the local level 93 Benno Pokorny 4.2 FLEGT VPA and REDD+ and community tenure rights in honduras 101 Filippo Del Gatto and Benno Pokorny 4.3 Integrating REDD+ and customary forest management in Vietnam 109 Tran Nam Tu and Mucahid Mustafa Bayrak 4.4 Local participation from VPA to REDD+ in cameroon 118 Sophia Carodenuto, Jochen Statz, Didier Hubert and Yanek Decleire 4.5 Conflicts in Vietnam’s forest areas: Implications for FLEGT and REDD+ 125 Thomas Sikor and Phuc Xuan To 4.6 Smallholders in Thailand and REDD+ and FLEGT linkages 134 Jay Samek, David L. Skole, Usa Klinhom, Teerawong Laosuwan, Pornchai Utteruk and Chetphong Butthep section 5. FLegt and Redd+ supporting each other 145 5.1 TLas and REDD+ measurement, reporting and verification in DRc 147 Valérie Merckx, Sebastian Schrader, Michael Obersteiner, Leo Bottrill and Carlos Riano Paramo 5.2 Synergies between the TLas and the national Forest monitoring system 155 Antoine de La Rochefordiere and Patrick Van Laake 5.3 Addressing risks in REDD+ through carbon payments and buffering rates 164 Michael Bucki section 6. other interactions 175 6.1 FLEGT, REDD+ and agricultural commodities 177 Duncan Brack 6.2 International experience with REDD+ and national forest funds 185 Darragh Conway, Luke Pritchard, Charlotte Streck and Jeremy Broadhead 6.3 Energy poverty, REDD+ and FLEGT in Ghana 194 Jonathan D. Quartey contact list 202 appendix: VPA and REDD+ initiatives by country 211 preface For the past decade or so, developing countries have engaged in a variety of new international initiatives aiming at improving forest management and governance. The prevailing international forest initiatives at the moment are FLEGT and REDD+. FLEGT focuses on combating illegal logging; REDD+ aims to reduce deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon stocks. These initiatives offer innovative approaches to longstanding challenges in the land-use sector for policy-makers and forest stewards in developing countries. although FLEGT and REDD+ use different approaches and methods, they both aim to address the drivers of forest loss in tropical countries. Increased cooperation between the initiatives at the national level could advance forest governance reforms, strengthen stakeholder engagement and balance competing interests, such as using forests for local development, generating revenue and income, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Both initiatives are relatively new and still being developed. Voluntary partnership agree- ments (VPAs), the keystone of the Eu FLEGT action plan, are not yet fully implemented. REDD+ is still in the planning stage and only recently started piloting performance-based projects. These initiatives are expected to demonstrate their potential in the next few years and may well foster real change in the land-use sector. as REDD+ and FLEGT initiatives continue to develop and accumulate experience, it is vital to learn from this and share the lessons learned. This issue of ETFRn news is timely. It contributes to a better understanding of the existing and potential linkages between various forest initiatives, and of how positive linkages can be fostered for better coordination and more efficient implementation. This will benefit both the forests and the people who depend on them. This issue has been developed and produced under the guidance of a sounding board comprised of experts in the field: christophe Van orshoven (European Forest Institute), Flip van helden, Emilie Goransson (European commission), Ragna John (GIZ) and Ewald Rametsteiner and Robert simpson (Fao). we thank the authors for their contributions, the editors for reviewing and compiling this issue of ETFRN News, the sounding board for their guidance, and the donors for their generous support. Juanita Franco and Roderick Zagt from Tropenbos International are acknowledged for their support in the editing and layout phase. René Boot heiko Liedeker Iven schad Director head of unit Division Environment and Tropenbos International Eu REDD and FLEGT Facilities Sustainable use of natural chair, ETFRn European Forest Institute Resources, German Federal ministry for Economic cooperation and Development (BmZ) v ETFRN NEws 55: MaRch 2014 Linking FLegt and Redd+ to improve forest governance — a synthesis GUIDO BROEKHOVEN, MARIEKE WIT, EMILIE GORANSSON, Ragna JOHN, CHRISTOPHE VAN Credit: Rosalien Jezeer ORSHOVEN and Robert SIMPSON introduction a number of international policy initiatives have emerged in response to concerns about forest loss and degradation. key among these are the Eu action plan for Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) and Reducing Emissions for Deforestation and Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+). Both initiatives, as well as others such as national Forest programmes (nFps),1 aim to address underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Ideally, all these initiatives would be compatible and mutually reinforcing, but practice shows that this is often challenging. The Eu FLEGT action plan marked its tenth anniversary in 2013; REDD+ became part of the united nations Framework convention on climate change (unFccc) negotiations in 2007. The first Voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) — a key instrument of the action plan — was ratified in 2010 between Ghana and the Eu. since 2007 a range of countries have been engaged in REDD+ preparations at the same time that they were negotiating or implementing a VPA (see appendix). The countries are at various stages of preparation and implementation; the context, experiences and progress in each country are different. This makes it relevant to examine whether and how the development and implementation of VPAs and REDD+ initiatives are coordinated, what challenges exist and how coordi- nation can be strengthened. This includes coordination with other policies, strategies, structures or processes at the national and sub-national level that aim to improve forest governance and promote sustainable forest management. This issue of ETFRN News aims to contribute to a better understanding
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