DOCSLIB.ORG

Interruption of the Arterial Inferior Alveolar Flow and Its Effects on Mandibular Collateral Circulation and Dental Tissues

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Interruption of the Arterial Inferior Alveolar Flow and Its Effects on Mandibular Collateral Circulation and Dental Tissues Interruption of the Arterial Inferior Alveolar Flow and Its Effects on Mandibular Collateral Circulation and Dental Tissues W. A. CASTELLI, C. E. NASJLETI, and R. DIAZ-PitREZ University of Michigan Medical and Dental School, Department of Anatomy, Veterans Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA and Annapolis Hospital, Detroit, Michigan The interruption of circulation through the good nutrition to the bone and in accelera- inferior alveolar artery was followed by the ting the healing process.2-4 On certain oc- establishment of a fast retrograde blood flow casions, however, because of the nature and through the vessel. The mental artery and extent of the pathological process, the re- the mandibular branch of the sublingual section of the artery is an imminent fact.5.6 artery were the main vessels to contribute to Thus, preserving the main collateral circu- that flow. No histopathologic changes were lation to the mandibular segments remain- found in the experimental hemimandibles; ing after surgery is important for a success- however, temporary regressive changes were ful mandibular reconstruction. found in the dental pulps of molars. This investigation involves the study of the retrograde circulation established in the mandibular body after the inferior alveolar As has been stated by Skopakof,' the mental artery has been cauterized, the relative branch of the inferior alveolar artery and participation of the mental artery and the the mandibular branch of the sublingual mandibular branch of the sublingual artery artery are the main collateral vessels that in originating and maintaining a retrograde supply the mandibular body when circula- blood flow, and the histopathologic changes tion through the inferior alveolar artery has that might occur in the mandibular body as been interrupted. These vessels must ex- a result of the interruption of circulation perience a compensatory process of growth through the inferior alveolar artery. to meet the nutrient demands of the man- dibular body. However, the kinetics and Materials and Methods physiologic mechanisms involved in the The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was growth of the vessels as a consequence of the the animal chosen for this investigation be- inferior alveolar artery obliteration have not cause the morphology of the mandible, been discussed in detail. It is also probable teeth, dental supporting tissues, and related that the tissues located too distally to be vascular supply are similar to those of supplied by the newly established retrograde man.7-9 circulation might have suffered some patho- ANGIOGRAM STUDY.-Nine young adult physiologic changes as a result of distur- monkeys of both sexes and with permanent bances in the hemodynamics of the local dentitions were used. General anesthesia blood flow. was induced with pentobarbital sodium During surgical interventions on the man- (Nembutala), 30 mg/kg of body weight. dible, the preservation of the inferior alveo- The skin over the parotideomasseteric lar artery in the inferior alveolar canal has area was prepared routinely for surgery with been considered important in providing adequate drapes to circumscribe the sur- Received for publication August 15, 1974. a Nembutal Sodium R, 50 mg/ml, Abbott Labora- Accepted for publication January 9, 1975. tories, Chicago, Ill. 708 Vol 54 No. 4 MANDIBULAR COLLATERAL CIRCULATION 709 FIG 1.-Schematic representation of newly established retrograde circulation in mandible after inferior alveolar artery was cauterized. gical field. A vertical cutaneous incision was tersection of two imaginary lines linking made anterior to the auLricle and inferior to the coronoid process-mandibular angle, and the zygomatic archi to expose the parotid the mandibular condyle-facial groove on the gland and masseter muscle covered by the basilar border of the mandible. A careful parotideomasseteric fascia. After preparing drilling of the ramus followed until the in- suitable skin flaps, the fascia was dissected ferior alveolar artery was identified. In most loose, the parotid gland packed posteriorly, instances, dLuring the arterial cauterization, and the masseter muscle incised vertically to th-e inferior alveolar nerve was damaged be- reach the lateral surface of the ramus. The cause of its close proximity to the artery in detachment of some masseter fibers from thd the inferior alveolar canal. Closing of the suirface of tlhe ramus was necessary to create wound ended the surgical stage. space for working with the suirgical bur. A daily intramuscular injection of peni- TFhe area of the mandibular ramus to be cillin-streptomycin (Combioticb) was given drilled to locate the inferior alveolar canal opening was determined by the point of in- b Combiotic, Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY. FIG 2.-Angiogram, one day after surgery. Tenuous alveolodental branches (ADB) were notice- able in premolar area (E). Control hemimandible (C). 710 CASTELLI, NASJLETI, AND DIAZ-PkREZ J Dent Re5 JUIY-August 1975 FIG 3.-Angiogram, two days after surgery. Full retrograde blood flow has been established on experimental side (E). Arterial anastomotic bridges (AAB) are also distinct structures. Man- dibular branch (MB). for four days postoperatively to prevent the mandibular branclh of the sublingual secondary infections of the surgical wound, artery were measured on the specimens and and the monkeys were given a soft diet for radiograph1s using a dissecting microscope a week. The animals were killed at 1, 2, with1 a micrometer scale attached to it. 4, 5, and 12 days, and tlhree, four, six, and HISTOLOGICAL S&1UDY.-As a result of the nine weeks after suLrgery. Immediately after angiogram evaliation, a hiistological study the monikeys were killed, both external ca- of the premolars and molars, periodontal rotid arteries were cannullated and a modi- membranes, and related alveolar bone was fied Sclhlessinger's radiopaqlue mass1o was Ineeded for better evaluation of the probable perftused into the facial area for angiogram changes in those tissues as a result of altera- study. Pressure, averaging about 105 mm tions in local circulation. The same sur of mercLury, was used for injecting the radio- gical operation was performed On six addi- paque material in botlh arteries, and this tional monkeys. The monkeys were killed pressure was comparable to the systolic pres- at 1, 5, and 12 days, and three, four, and sure in rhiesus monkeys.1' five weeks after surgery. Some heads were All heads were removed and fixed in 10% perfused with an aqueous solution of India buffered Formalin solution. The mandibles ink to help in vascular studies. Proper man- were extracted and cleaned and the perio- dibular blocks were cut out and histolog- steum was detached. Later, they were in- ically processed. Final serial sections were dividually radiographed. The external treated with hematoxylin and eosin and diameter of the mental artery and that of Mallory stains. FIG 4.-Angiogram, five days after surgery. Mandibular branch (MB) traversing mandibular symphysis. AAB, arterial anastomotic bridges; E, experimental side; C, control side. MICRONS 800olP 700- 600- \s Mandibular Branch (Sublingual artery) 5001 400- 9,___ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-* 300- 200- .4 Mental Branch ( Inferior alveolar artery) 100- 0 I i I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 W E E K S Fic 5.-Relative growth of mental branch as compared with mandibular branch after circulation through inferior alveolar artery was interrupted. Measurementsy-taken x -from -specimens - -and --angiograms. q - -pm, -micrometers. - - - A~ ~ ~~~~A wv I-A \a F/*W ,< s w : 4N6 tfi te > e* ; M* FIG 6.-One day after surgery. On experimental side (E), shrinkage of fibrocytes as well as shrinkage and grouping of odontoblasts occurred in dental pulp of second molar. C, control side (mag X 125) . 711 712 CASTELLI, NASJIETI, AND DIAZ-PE2REZ J Dent Res July-August 1975 Results imens from monkeys killed up to the ninth ANGIOGRAM FINDINGS.-Angiograms of spec- month postoperatively, there was radio- imens obtained one, two, tlhree, and five days graphlic evidence of the existence of a well- after surgery revealed that a retrograde established retrograde blood flow as well as blood flow tlhroughl the inferior alveolar definite, functioning arterial anastomotic artery had been established. However, the bridges. degree of repletion of the artery and its The degree of participation of tlhe man- branches, judgecd by the intensity of their dibular branch of the sublingual artery and radiolucent images, was variable and not the mental branch in originating and main- lhomogenous. A sclhematic drawing of the tain-ing the retrograde blood flow throuLghi newly established retrogradle circulation is the inferior alveolar atrtery is explained in presented in Figure 1. In the specimen ob- Figure 5. During the first five days of the tained one day after surgery, very tenuous experiment there was a consistent increase, alveolodental branches were noticeable only from 300 to 700 micrometers (rm), in the at the premolar area of tlhe mandibular external diameter of the mandibular branch. body. At the molar area, lhowever, these In all othler specimens studied up to the branches were unremarkable (Fig 2). Two ninth week, little increase occurred. Th-e ex- days after surgery, a full retrograde blood ternal diameter of the mental branch flow liad been establislhed anid distinct ar- slhowed a slower but progressive increase terial anastomotic bridges were demonstra- throughiout thlle experimental period. Twen- ble on the angiograms. Anastomotic bridges ty-four lhours
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Course of the Maxillary Artery Through the Loop Of
    Anomalous course of maxillary artery Rev Arg de Anat Clin; 2013, 5 (3): 235-239 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Case Report COURSE OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY THROUGH THE LOOP OF THE AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE Kavya Bhat, Sampath Madhyastha*, Balakrishnan R Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai Campus, Mangalore, Manipal University, India RESUMEN INTRODUCTION Las variaciones en el curso de la arteria maxilar se describen a menudo, con sus relaciones con el Maxillary artery is one of the larger terminal músculo pterigoideo lateral. En el presente caso branches of the external carotid artery, arises informamos una variación exclusiva en el curso de la behind the neck of the mandible, within the arteria maxilar que no fue publicada antes. En un substance of the parotid gland. It then crosses cadáver masculino de 75 años arteria maxilar derecho the infratemporal fossa to enter the pterygo- estaba pasando por el bucle del nervio auriculo- palatine fossa through pterygo-maxillary fissure. temporal. La arteria meníngea media provenía de la The course of the artery is divided into three arteria maxilar con un bucle del nervio auriculo- temporal. La arteria maxilar pasaba profunda con parts by the lateral pterygoid muscle. The first respecto al nervio dentario inferior pero superficial al (mandibular) part runs horizontally, parallel to nervio lingual. El conocimiento de estas variaciones es and slightly below the auriculo-temporal nerve. importante para el cirujano y también serviría para This part of the artery runs superficial (lateral) to explicar la posible participación de estas variaciones the lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle. The en la etiología del dolor mandibular.
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
    BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part I: Mandibular Canal and Inferior Alveolar Neurovascular Bundle in Relation with Dental Implantology
    JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH Juodzbalys et al. Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part I: Mandibular Canal and Inferior Alveolar Neurovascular Bundle in Relation with Dental Implantology Gintaras Juodzbalys1, Hom-Lay Wang2, Gintautas Sabalys1 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania 2Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA Corresponding Author: Gintaras Juodzbalys Vainiku 12 LT- 46383, Kaunas Lithuania Phone: +370 37 29 70 55 Fax: +370 37 32 31 53 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Objectives: It is critical to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal and related vital structures during the implant treatment. The purpose of the present paper was to review the literature concerning the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle anatomical variations related to the implant surgery. Material and Methods: Literature was selected through the search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases. The keywords used for search were mandibular canal, inferior alveolar nerve, and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. The search was restricted to English language articles, published from 1973 to November 2009. Additionally, a manual search in the major anatomy, dental implant, prosthetic and periodontal journals and books were performed. Results: In total, 46 literature sources were obtained and morphological aspects and variations of the anatomy related to implant treatment in posterior mandible were presented as two entities: intraosseous mandibular canal and associated inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Conclusions: A review of morphological aspects and variations of the anatomy related to mandibular canal and mandibular vital structures are very important especially in implant therapy since inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle exists in different locations and possesses many variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Study of Nutrient Vessels in the Condylar Neck Accessory Foramina
    Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-019-02304-w ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endosteal blood supply of the mandible: anatomical study of nutrient vessels in the condylar neck accessory foramina Matthieu Olivetto1 · Jérémie Bettoni1 · Jérôme Duisit2,3 · Louis Chenin4 · Jebrane Bouaoud1 · Stéphanie Dakpé1,5 · Bernard Devauchelle1,5 · Benoît Lengelé2,3 Received: 23 December 2018 / Accepted: 12 August 2019 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose In the mandible, the condylar neck vascularization is commonly described as mainly periosteal; while the endosteal contribution is still debated, with very limited anatomical studies. Previous works have shown the contribution of nutrient vessels through accessory foramina and their contribution in the blood supply of other parts of the mandible. Our aim was to study the condylar neck’s blood supply from nutrient foramina. Methods Six latex-injected heads were dissected and two hundred mandibular condyles were observed on dry mandi- bles searching for accessory bone foramina. Results Latex-injected dissections showed a direct condylar medular arterial supply through foramina. On dry mandi- bles, these foramina were most frequently observed in the pterygoid fovea in 91% of cases. However, two other accessory foramina areas were identifed on the lateral and medial sides of the mandibular condylar process, confrming the vascular contribution of transverse facial and maxillary arteries. Conclusions The maxillary artery indeed provided both endosteal and periosteal blood supply to the condylar neck, with three diferent branches: an intramedullary ascending artery (arising from the inferior alveolar artery), a direct nutrient branch and some pterygoid osteomuscular branches. Keywords Condylar neck · Mandibular condyle · Mandible blood supply · Arterial vascularization · Maxillary artery Introduction condylar neck blood supply is still debated and has been poorly studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Maxillary Artery
    Okajimas CnlinicalFolia Anat. Anatomy Jpn., 87 of(4): the 155–164, Maxillary February, Artery 2011155 Clinical Anatomy of the Maxillary Artery By Ippei OTAKE1, Ikuo KAGEYAMA2 and Izumi MATAGA3 1 Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center (Chief: ISHIHARA Osamu) 2 Department of Anatomy I, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University (Chief: Prof. KAGEYAMA Ikuo) 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University (Chief: Prof. MATAGA Izumi) –Received for Publication, August 26, 2010– Key Words: Maxillary artery, running pattern of maxillary artery, intraarterial chemotherapy, inner diameter of vessels Summary: The Maxillary artery is a component of the terminal branch of external carotid artery and distributes the blood flow to upper and lower jawbones and to the deep facial portions. It is thus considered to be a blood vessel which supports both hard and soft tissues in the maxillofacial region. The maxillary artery is important for bleeding control during operation or superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancers. The diagnosis and treatment for diseases appearing in the maxillary artery-dominating region are routinely performed based on image findings such as CT, MRI and angiography. However, validations of anatomical knowledge regarding the Maxillary artery to be used as a basis of image diagnosis are not yet adequate. In the present study, therefore, the running pattern of maxillary artery as well as the type of each branching pattern was observed by using 28 sides from 15 Japanese cadavers. In addition, we also took measurements of the distance between the bifurcation and the origin of the maxillary artery and the inner diameter of vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Variations and Clinical Implications of the Inferior Alveolar Artery
    Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Vol. 12, No. 4, October - December 2020 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE INFERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY Victoria Roxana Ivaşcu 1, Alexandru Poll 1, Maria Justina Roxana Vîrlan 2, Dan Ionuţ Sălăvăstru 3, Vanda Roxana Nimigean 2, Suzana Carmen Cismas 4, Victor Nimigean 1 1 Anatomy Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 2 Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 3 Private Dental Practice, 22 Radu Boiangiu Street, District 1, Bucharest, Romania; 4 Department of Modern Languages, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania. Corresponding author: Vanda Roxana Nimigean, Associate Professor, Head of Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, No 17-23 Calea Plevnei Street. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The inferior alveolar artery (IAA), a collateral branch of the maxillary artery, is mainly responsible for the vascularization of the mandibular tooth-gum-alveolar bone units. In its course from the infratemporal region to the body of the mandible, the IAA may exhibit variations in both origin and trajectory. This study analyses the anatomical variations of the IAA and describes potential clinical complications following different surgical procedures in the mandible. A comprehensive literature review across Clarivate Analytics/Thomson Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases was conducted. The following keywords were used: inferior alveolar artery, anatomical variations, posterior mandible, clinical consequences. Data from similar previous personal research were also added to the findings. The results of this study suggest that the posterior mandible remains the major risk area for damage to the IAA.
    [Show full text]
  • Trifurcation of External Carotid Artery and Variant Branches of First Part of Maxillary Artery N
    International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2014, Vol 2(3):561-65. ISSN 2321- 4287 Case Report TRIFURCATION OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY AND VARIANT BRANCHES OF FIRST PART OF MAXILLARY ARTERY N. Shakuntala Rao *1, K. Manivannan 2. Gangadhara 3, H. R. Krishna Rao 4. *1 Professor, 2 Assistant Professor, 3 Associate Professor, 4 Professor and Head. Department of Anatomy, P E S Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT The external carotid artery normally divides into two terminal branches at the level of the neck of the mandible. The terminal branches are usually the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries. The maxillary artery is described to be in three parts in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle as the mandibular (first), pterygoid (second) and the pterygopalatine (third) parts. The second part passes behind the muscle. The branches that arise from the first part of the maxillary artery are the deep auricular, anterior tympanic, the middle meningeal, accessory meningeal and inferior alveolar arteries. The middle meningeal artery normally arises at the lower border of lateral pterygoid muscle from the first part of maxillary artery. It then ascends upwards, passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and enters the foramen spinosum in the base of skull. During routine dissection of a male cadaver in the department of anatomy while teaching medical students variations were observed in the termination of the external carotid artery on the right side. The artery gave three branches at the termination, superficial temporal, maxillary and between the two the middle meningeal artery was seen arising close to the end of the external carotid artery.
    [Show full text]
  • Cubical Anatomy of Several Ducts and Vessels by Injection Methods of Acrylic Resin V
    Cubical Anatomy of Several Ducts and Vessels by Injection Methods of Acrylic Resin V. Arterial distribution of the temporal muscle in some mammals By Tokuo Fujimoto Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental College, Osaka (Director : Prof. Y. Tani g u c h i) (With 33 figures in 10 plates and one table.) Argument of this research was announced at 64th Annual Session of the Japanese Association of Anatomists, March, 1959, Tokyo. Preface On carotid arteries and their ramifications, anthropological and comparative anatomical or other works have been abundantly seen. But, those on the arterial supply for the muscle of the head and neck, from a different new point, are few. Especially no observation on the finer vascular distribution in the individual muscle has been made. The author has here undertaken cubical comparative anatomical study on blood supplying routes for temporal muscles of mammals easy to obtain and of human fetuses, by corrosion specimens of acrylic resin. Diverging features of all arteries from the external carotid or its branches taking part in this muscle, ramifications and anastomoses in the inner or outer part of the muscle, and distribut- ing territories of each branch in the muscle, are observed. The tem- poral muscle as well as the masseter, being rich in red muscle fibres, play a strong (dynamically) and important role in the mastication, and it is thought to be significant to throw light on the arterial distribution of them. Although, many comparative results of the carotid arterial system in mammals have been published, they can 389 390 Tokuo Fujimoto not be said to be faultless and perfect on the deeper part.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraoperative Complications During Oral Implantology
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Apr1;13(4):E239-43. Complications in oral implantology Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Apr1;13(4):E239-43. Complications in oral implantology Intraoperative complications during oral implantology Joana Lamas Pelayo 1, Miguel Peñarrocha Diago 2, Eva Martí Bowen 3, Maria Peñarrocha Diago 4 (1) Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology. Medical and dental School. University of Valencia. Spain (2) Professor of Oral Surgery and Implantology. Medical and dental School. University of Valencia. Spain (3) Doctor in Dentistry. Private practice in Valencia. Spain (4) Assitant Professor of Oral Surgery. Medical and dental School. University of Valencia. Spain Correspondence: Dr. Miguel Peñarrocha Diago C/ Gascó Oliag nº1 Valencia C.P 46021 E-mail: [email protected] Received: 09/10/2007 Lamas-Pelayo J, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Martí-Bowen E, Peñarrocha- Accepted: 01/02/2008 Diago M. Intraoperative complications during oral implantology. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Apr1;13(4):E239-43. © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - ISSN 1698-6946 http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v13i4/medoralv13i4p239.pdf Indexed in: -Index Medicus / MEDLINE / PubMed -EMBASE, Excerpta Medica -SCOPUS -Indice Médico Español -IBECS Abstract Dental implant placement is a controlled, programmed surgical procedure, not without its complications. The aim of the present paper is to study the intraoperative complications in implant surgery, carrying out a review of articles appearing in Medline over the last 10 years. Among the intra operative complications related with surgery, hemorrhagic accidents occur most frequently in the interforaminal region, since the majority of the vascular branches enter the mandibular bone in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of The
    Contents Cover Title page Copyright page About the Author Introduction Part 1: The Head Topographic Anatomy of the Head Cerebral Cranium Basis Cranii Interna The Brain Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Disorders Pathotopography of the Cerebral Part of the Head Facial Head Region The Lymphatic System of the Head Congenital Face Disorders Pathotopography of Facial Part of the Head Part 2: The Neck Topographic Anatomy of the Neck Fasciae, Superficial and Deep Cellular Spaces and their Relationship with Spaces Adjacent Regions (Fig. 37) Reflex Zones Triangles of the Neck Organs of the Neck (Fig. 50–51) Pathography of the Neck Topography of the neck Appendix A Appendix B End User License Agreement Guide 1. Cover 2. Copyright 3. Contents 4. Begin Reading List of Illustrations Chapter 1 Figure 1 Vessels and nerves of the head. Figure 2 Layers of the frontal-parietal-occipital area. Figure 3 Regio temporalis. Figure 4 Mastoid process with Shipo’s triangle. Figure 5 Inner cranium base. Figure 6 Medial section of head and neck Figure 7 Branches of trigeminal nerve Figure 8 Scheme of head skin innervation. Figure 9 Superficial head formations. Figure 10 Branches of the facial nerve Figure 11 Cerebral vessels. MRI. Figure 12 Cerebral vessels. Figure 13 Dural venous sinuses Figure 14 Dural venous sinuses. MRI. Figure 15 Dural venous sinuses Figure 16 Venous sinuses of the dura mater Figure 17 Bleeding in the brain due to rupture of the aneurism Figure 18 Types of intracranial hemorrhage Figure 19 Different types of brain hematomas Figure 20 Orbital muscles, vessels and nerves. Topdown view, Figure 21 Orbital muscles, vessels and nerves.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhesus Monkey with Emphasis on the External Carotid System '
    The Arterial System of the Head and Neck of the Rhesus Monkey with Emphasis on the External Carotid System ' WALTER A. CASTELLI AND DONALD F. HUELKE Department of Anatomy, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ABSTRACT The arterial plan of the head and neck of 64 immature rhesus mon- keys (Macacn mulatta) was studied using four techniques - dissection, corrosion preparations, cleared specimens, and angiographs. In general, the arterial plan of this area in the monkey is similar to that of man. However, certain outstanding differ- ences were noted. The origin, course, and distribution of all arteries is described as well as the vascular relations to pertinent structures. As has been mentioned previously 10% formalin except 17 which were un- (Dyrud, '44; Schwartz and Huelke, '63) embalmed. Four different techniques were the rhesus monkey is useful for many used for the study of the arterial distribu- types of medical and dental investigations, tion : ( 1 ) dissections - 27 specimens; (2) yet its detailed gross morphology is virtu- corrosion preparations - 6; (3) cleared ally unknown. Although certain areas of specimens - 15; (4) angiographs - 16 the monkey have been studied in detail - heads ( 11 unembalmed and 5 embalmed). brachial plexus, facial and masticatory The arterial system of the specimens used musculature, subclavian, axillary and cor- for dissection was injected with vinyl ace- onary arteries, orbital vasculature, and tate, red latex, or with a red-colored gela- other structures (Schwartz and Huelke, tion mass. For the dissection of smaller ar- '63; Chase and DeGaris, '40; DeGaris and teries, the smallest of 150 ~1 in diameter, Glidden, '38; Chase, '38; Huber, '25; Wein- the binocular dissection microscope was stein and Hedges, '62; Samuel and War- used.
    [Show full text]
  • Cone Beam CT Evaluation of the Presence of Anatomic Accessory Canals in the Jaws
    Dento maxillofacial Radiology (2014) 43, 20130259 © 2014 The Authors. Pu blished by the British Institute of Radiology http://birpublications.org. RESEARCH ARTICLE Cone beam CT evaluation of the presence of anatomic accessory canals in the jaws 1M Eshak, 2S Brooks, 3N Abdel-Wahed and 4P C Edwards 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt; 2 0 ral and Maxillofacial Radiology, S chool of Dentistry, Un iversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml USA; 3 0ral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 4 0 ral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, location and anatomical course of accessory canals of the jaws using cone beam CT. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 4200 successive cone beam CT scans, for patients of both genders a nd ages ranging from 7 to 88 years, was perfo rmed. They were exposed at the School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. After applying the exclusion criteria (the presence of severe ridge resorption, pre-existing implants, a previously reported history of craniofacial malformations or syndromes, a previous history of trauma or surgery, inadequate image quality and subsequent scans from the same individuals), 4051 scans were ultimately included in this study. Results: Of the 4051 scans (2306 females and 1745 males) that qualified for inclusion in this study, accessory canals were identified in 1737 cases (42.9%; 1004 females and 733 males). 532 scans were in the maxilla (13.1 %; 296 females and 236 males) and 1205 in the mandible (29.8%; 708 females and 497 males).
    [Show full text]