Mycological Society of America NEWSLETTER

~IGEF!D. GOOS ISSN 0541 - 4938 Mycological Society of America NEWSLETTER

Vol. 37 No. 1 June 1986 SUSTAINING MEMBERS

BELLCO GLASS, INC. NEW BRUNSWICK SCIENTIFIC, INC.

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The Society is extremely grateful for the support of its Sustaininy Members. These organizations are listed above in alphabetical order. Patronize them and let their representatives know of our appreciation when- ever possible.

OFFICERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Officers -Counci 1ors

Roger D. Goos, President Sal ly E. Gochenaur (1985-88)

James Me Trappe , President-el ect Alan Jaworski (1983-87)

Martha Chri stensen, Vice-president Richard E. Koske (1983-86)

Harold H. Burdsall , Jr., Secretary David Ma1 loch (1985-88)

Amy Y. Rossman, Treasurer Gareth Morgan-Jones (1983-86)

Henry C. Aldrich, Past President (1985) Brent F. Reeves (1985-88)

Richard T. Hanlin, Past President (1984) John W. Tayl or ( 1985-88) ------MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEWSLETTER-- Volume 37, No. 1, June 1986

Walter ,I. Sundberg, Editor

Department of Botany Southern I11 i noi s Uni versi ty Carbondal e, I11 i noi s, 62901 (618) 536-2331

TABLE---- OF CONTENTS Sustaining Members ...... i Computer Software Available ...... 51 Officers of the MSA ...... i Publications Wanted ...... 52 Table of Contents ...... 1 Postdoctoral Positions Available ...... 53 Editor's Note ...... 1 Vacancies for Mycologists ...... 53 General Announcements ...... 2 Positions Wanted ...... 53 Calendar of Meetings and Forays ... 3 Assistantships and Fellowships Available . . 54 Forthcoming Courses ...... 4 Travels and Visits ...... 55 New Mycological Research ...... 5 Papers, Seminars, Symposia, and Workshops . 57 Identifications ...... 6 Changes in Affiliation or Status ...... 58 Fungi Wanted ...... 7 Keys to Glomus ...... 59 Fungi for Distribution ...... 9 Honors, Awards, and Promotions ...... 60 MSA Placement Service ...... 9 Personal News ...... 61 New Books by MSA Members ...... 13 Notes and Comments ...... 62 Annual Meeting Program ...... 14 Associations and Clubs ...... 63 Annual Meeting Abstracts ...... 15 Changes of Address for Respondence .....64 Pub1 ications Avai lable ...... 50 Affiliated Societies ...... 65

.-.-- .-.-- EDITOR 'S NOTE

This is the last issue of the MSA Newsletter edited by us at Southern Illinois University. The task now passes to the capable hands of the new editor--Rick Koske (University of Rhode Island). For a hint of things to come, see his "unique" approach to identification of --Glomus species (see pg. 59); the future of the MSA Newsletter indeed looks bright.

Contents of this issue stem from 102 (7%) responses received from the 1420 questionaires sent out. Of these, 23 (22.5%) were from foreign members in Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, England, Fin1and, France, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, and South Africa. This issue also contains the program (pg. 14) and abstracts for the 1986 annual meeting (pgs. 15-49; approx. 20 more than last year!). Be sure to note the announcement and application form for the MSA Placement Service (pgs. 9-12) and the advertisement from Analytab Products on page 49. A special note to all MSA Newsletter contributors is included on page 8. Addresses for those who are requesting a response and have moved since the printing of the newest MSA-- Directory are included on page 64.

Unl ess otherwise noted, a1 1 creative fi 11 ers (art, poetry, etc .) incl uded are heretofore unpublished. The cover figure ("Boudiera (?) on mouse excretion"), that on the back cover ("Mycogone ---ulmaniae"), and those not otherwise noted which grace the internal pages were all done about 1914 by Sanford F. Zel ler. The generic and species identifications provided are his. Thanks to Jim Trappe for making Dr. Zeller's work available to us. Arthur W.A.M. de Cock prepared the "toadstool choir" (pg. 56) and "Syncephalastrum"-- (pg. 8; reprinted with permission frorn the General Information Pam hlet of the Centraal bureau voor Schimmel cultures) . The 1imerickson the "Hunting Seasihs. 13 and 52) are the work' of Martha Sherwood-Pi ke.

(Continued on page 64) GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENTS-

THANKS !

Amy Y. Rossman, MSA Treasurer, is pleased to announce that the MSA funds are now fully available for MSA purposes. She wants to personally thank all those members who generously paid their 1987 dues in advance in order to help us through this difficult financial period. (In return, we, the membership, thank Amy for her perseverence and capable handling of this probl em--ed. )

PLANNING A PRE- OR POST-MSA MEETING VISIT TO THE FARLOW?

The staff at the Farlow Library and Herbarium welcome visitors before and after the MSA Meeting in Amherst. We ask that advanced notice be given so that we can properly care for requests to use the collections.

HELP WANTED

REVISION OF THE INDEX OF PLANT DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES.--The U.S.D.A. would like to enlist the aid and support of systematic mycologists in revising the Index of Plant Diseases in the United States (Agricultural Handbook No. 165). As in the previous editions, the first part of the Index will list the plants of the United States with their associated fungal pathogens. The second part of the revised Index will list fungi occurring in the United States that cause plant disease or deterioration of plant products (See Bills, Chamuris, & Farr. Abstracts for 1986 MSA Annual Meeting). For each fungus, the currently accepted ndme and author citation will be provided. Each name will be followed by a list of common synonyms, a statement of geographic distribution, and relevant comments regarding nomenclature, taxonomy, and/or pathogenicity. We view this Index as an opportunity to provide a wide array of users (e.g., plant pathologists, extension agents, horticultural ists, etc.) with a comprehensive source for fungal nomenclature, taxonomy, and distributional data. We ask members of the mycological cornmuni ty to ensure that the information concerning their respective research areas is accurate and up-to-date. If you have a special interest in supplying or reviewing information on the accepted name and author citation, nomenclature, taxonomy, geography, or host re1ationshi ps in specific genera or species of fungi, your support will be appreciated and acknowledged. For further detai 1s contact Gerald Bi 11 s or George Chamuri s, USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany, Mycology, & Nematology Laboratory, Building OllA, Rm. 313, BARC-West, Be1tsvil le, MD 20705 (Phone 301-344-2280).

SPECIMENS NOW AVAILABLE

Mycological and vascular plant specimens of the Biosystematics Research Institute (DAOM, DAO) Ottawa, Canada, earlier noted as being unavailable during major renovations, have been returned from their six month storage incarceration and are now accessible. In the same floor area, or less, specimens are housed in compactor faci 1i ties that provide more than double the specimen capacity of the former standard metal cabinets. Says J. A. Parmelee, curator: "We are back in business and visitors are welcome."

A NEW CULTURE COLLECTION

According to the curator, Cecelia Roux, the Culture Collection of the National Collection of Fungi (PREM) was initiated a few years ago to keep viable cultures of mycotoxi genic and taxonomically interesting isolates obtained in South Africa. It has since been affiliated to the WFCC. Cultures are supplied free upon request. As yet no catalogue is available of the strains in the collection. CALENDAR---- OF YEETINGS,------FORAYS, AND WORKSHOPS-

J- J- 1986

19-Auy. 2 NATURAL HISTORY AND MUSHROOM STUDY TOUR OF COSTA RICA. For reservations contact Jean Furukawa, Hickory Travel System, 55 John Street, New York City, NY 10038. Telephone: 1-800-221-3255. ---August 1986 AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM: THE EXPANDING REALM OF YEAST-LIKE FUNGI--on the perspectives of taxonomy, ecology, and phylogeny of yeasts and yeast-1 ike fungi will be held in Amersfoort, The Netherlands. Topics include: A taxonomic survey, taxonomic methods, and ecoloyy and the species problem. For more information write to: International Symposi um, Yeast-Li ke Fungi, P. 0. Box 273, 3740 AG Baarn, The Netherlands.

VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE WORKSHOP will occur at the University of Khode Island, Kingston, RI. Contact R. Koske.

9-10 MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ANNUAL FORAY, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.

10-14 MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.

PO-Sept. 4 The North American Mycological Association is sponsori ny a NORWEGIAN FORAY. Contact S. Wiideman--SAS Consultant, Box 22, Brooklyn, MI 49230 for reservation information.

21-24 THE TELLURIDE MUSHROOM CONFERENCE will be held in Telluride, Colorado. For more information, write or call Emanuel Sal zman.

A WORKSHOP ON THE DUAL ROLE OF PATHOGENS AND PARASITES IN INSECT CONTROL is offered at the USDA Agriculture Research Service European Parasite Laboratory, France. Contact Tadeusz J. Poprawski (see Changes------of Address for Respondence). 30-Sept. 4 The FOURTH INTERNATIONAL FUNGAL SPORE SYMPOSIUM will be held in Scotland (Stir1iny Uni versi ty). The host wi11 be John Smith, University of Strathclyde, Gl asyow, Scot1and.

----September 1986 19-21 SOUTHERN IDAHO MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION'S FALL FORAY will be held at Christian Church camp, Donne1 ly, Idaho. For information, contact Ellen Trueblood.

25-28 Tne North American Mycological Associati on's INLAND NORTHWEST FORAY wi11 be he1 d at Hi11 's Resort located on Priest Lake, Idaho. Contact Vee Nealey, Registration Chairman, Spokane Mushroom Club, Inc., P. 0. Box 2791, Spokane, WA 99220. Telephone: (509) 325-5459. Reyi stration dead1 ine: August 15, 1986.

A small and informal workshop on the MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF THE ENTOMOPHTHORALES, is scheduled for the Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY. Please contact R. A. Humber for further information or to express interest in participatiny. Presentations of findings, ample time for discussion, and laboratory demonstrations wi11 be included; 1 iving material of many taxa can he made available upon request.

29-Oct. 3 A SYMPOSIUM ON K. KALCHBRENNER'S LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC WORK and the FOURTH SLOVAK MYCOLOGICAL FORAY will be held in North Slovakia, Czechoslovakia. For further information contdct Pave1 Lizon (see --Charyes of Address for Respondence). A SOUTHEAST ASIA MUSHROOM STUDY TOUR (Singapore, Ma1 aysi an Borneo, Thai 1and) with Optional Tour Extention--Burma (October 17-25, 1956) is being planned. Emanuel Sal zman has more detai 1 s.

October- 1986

18 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF CHAIRS OF DEPARTMENTSIPROGRAMS OF BOTANYIPLANT SCIENCES will be held at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Although desi gned primari ly for admi nistrators of botanical programs and featuri ng special presentations and discussions relative to such programs, any professional botanist wishing to attend is welcome. No registration fee. To receive mailings, write William Louis Culberson.

November 1986

17-22 SYMPOSIUM: FUNGAL ANTIGEN ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND DETECTION at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. Contact Dr. E. Drouhet, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue de Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.

April 1987

25-26 THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES MYCOLOGY CONFERENCE will be hosted by the mycology group at USDA-ARS in Beltsville, Maryland. Jerome J. Motta can supply more information. -May 1987 3-8 SEVENTH NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON MYCORRHIZAE will be held at the Hilton Hotel , Gainesvi 1 le, Florida. Additional detai 1s are avai 1able from Dr. Norman Schenck, Plant Pathology Dept., Fifield Hal 1 , University of Florida, Gainesvi 11e, FL 32611.

June 1987

22-25 MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING, Carleton University, Ottdwa, Canada. Joint meeting with the Canadian Phytopathological Society. A pre-meetiny foray to the boreal forest is tentdti vely planned. For information prior to the December 1986 MSA Newsletter, contact Donald Barr or Scott Redhead.

FORTHCOMING COURSES

MACROMICETOS. COLECTA, ETUDIO E IDENTIFICACION, is being taught by Gaston Guzrrlan at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala, July 28-31, August 1-3, 1986. The same course will also be offered July 7-13, 1986, at Universidad de Antioguia, Medellin, Colombia.

Speci a1 Topics Course: BIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM offered by Carl ene A. Raper, Department of Medical Mycology, Uni versi ty of Vermont, June 2-3.il1, 1986.

BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND TAXONOMY OF MYCORRHIZAE will be offered by the Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology at University of Florida from August to December 1986.

FUNGI AS TOOLS FOR TEACHING BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN THE HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY LABORATORY will be taught June 15-August 7, 1987 at Southern I11 inois University by Walter J. Sundberg as part of a two-year , NSF-sponsored workshop for 1ower Midwest high school teachers. .-- .-- NEW MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH-

T. BEGAN: The genus Amanita in southern Illinois.

W. H. BOLLINGEU: Mycorrhi zal fungi and mushroom-forming fungi (including cultivation and genetics).

L. W. BURGESS: Funyal decomposition of wheat stubble.

R. E. HALLING: Monographic studies on Collybia in tropical South America.

M. C. (KITTY) HESLIN: The beneficial effect of Larch on the nursing of Sitka spruce growing on old red sandstone.

V. HINTIKKA: Direct and indirect effects of acidification on forest soil fungi.

R. A. HUMBER: Ultrastructural survey of nuclear cytology of all genera and subgenera of Entomophthoral es.

V. LAPUSZYNSKI: Methods of primitive (non-sterile) edible mushroom cultivation, using --Pleurotus ostreatus as a model, with non-steri le cultures yathered from the wild.

H. L. LARA: Developments for commercial production of edible fungi.

P. F. LEHMANN: Candida albicans cell wall synthesis. Action of killer toxins.

W. LITTEN (with J. M. Shagula and E. S. McLaughlin): Assessing economic benefit from use of known cultures of Hymenosc phus ericae in establishing new growth of lowbush blueberries at the Maine Agricultura+- Experiment Station. J. CARRANZA-MOUSE: Fungal diseases of -.Alnus acuminata, wood-rotting fungi, culture of Pleurotus spp. on coffee pulp.

G. M. MUELLER: The agaric genus Laccaria in South America: A taxonomic and biological study.

C. A. RAPER: Isolation of genes for development during the sexual cycle via DNA transformation in Schi-- zophyll urn commune. I. D. REID: Biological modification of lignin.

F. RHOADES: Effects of air pollution on lichens and bryophytes of Olympic National Park.

G. J. SAMUELS: Monograph of the Hypocreales for the American Tropics.

R. SINGEK: Boletes of Costa Rica.

F. W. SPIEGEL: Comparative study of the flagellate protostelids (Eumycetozoa)--non-flagellate states. T. STASZ: Taxonomy of -Trichoderma spp. t~siny isozyme analysis.

H. D. THIEKS: Cooperative research project with.the University of Ensenada on the fleshy fungus flora of Baja California.

J. M. TKAPPE: Higher fungi of the tree line and alpine zones of the North Cascades, Washington; mycorrhizal ecology of the alpine zone of the North Cascades, Washington; and the incidence of ~nycorrhizaeand nodules on -Lupinus --- spp. and other native legumes in the Pacific Northwest. 6 R. E. TULLOSS: Macrochemical tests for phenoloxidases in Amani ta and thei r taxonomic signi f icance.

IDENTIFICATIONS

The following are willing to identify the taxa specified.

MY XOMY CETES

H. W. Kel ler: Corticolous myxomycetes, especially .- Licea, Clastoderma, and Perichaena.

ZYGOMYCETES

R. A. Humber: Entomoyenous fungi--all groups. T. J . Poprawski : Entomopathogenic hyphomycetes (See Changes -of Address for Respondence) . 3. M. Trappe: Hypogeous fungi.

ASCOMYCETES J . H. Hai nes : Hyal oscyphaceae. J. W. Kimbrough: Coprophilous discomycetes and other operculate discomycetes.

J. M. Trappe: Hypogeous fungi.

BASIDIOMYCETES J. Amni rati : Corti narius--must have notes; color photo/sl ide he1 pful . M. Caste1 1ano: Hypogeous "phal loid" fungi (See Changes of Address for-- Respondence) . R. E. Halling: Col lybia and Marasmi el1 us.

R. Singer: We1 1 -annotated, we1 1 -prepared (preferably dried) materi a1 of preferably neotropi cal Bol etineae, Russula, Crepidotus, Phaeomarasmius, and Marasmi us. Up to 10 specimens at a time. pleasesjx weeks per--

J. M. Trappe: Hypogeous fungi.

R. E. Tulloss: --Amanita (Please inquire first).

DEUTEROMYCETES

L. W. Burgess: Isolates of Fusarium from sub-tropical and semi-arid regions. Up to 10 isolates at a time. K. Sei fert : Synnematous hyphomycetes (See --Changes ------of Address for Respondence). M. A. Vincent : Hyphomycetes. FUNGI WANTED

MYXOMYCETES

H. W. Keller: Myxomycete specimens or tree bark (identified) from the countries of Guatemala and Mexico.

F. W. Spiegel : Dried dead plant parts and bits of tree bark from which I could isolate protostelids and other mycetozoans. I would especially be interested in these substrates from tropical areas.

S. L. Stephenson: Myxomycetes, especially coll ections from western North America.

OOMY CETES

R. W. Martin, Jr.: Any cultures of Olpidiopsis sp.

ZYGOMYCETES

T. J. Poprawski: Cultures and specimens of any entornopathogenic Entomophthorales. (See Changes of Address for Respondence)

J. M. Trappe: Specimens of Hypogeous fungi.

ASCOMYCETES

J. H. Hai nes: Species of Hyal oscyphaceae.

M. M. Kul ik: Diaporthe species and material from which it may be isolated. (See Changes of Address for-- Respondence) C. A. Shearer: Specimens and cultures of L9t-haeria- - and closely related genera. J . M. Trappe: Specimens of Hypogeous fungi , especi a1 ly Ascomycetes.

BASIDIOMYCETES

M. A. Caste1 lano: Cultures or specimens (also photographic slides) of Rhopalogaster, Gel 1o el 1i s, Phall ogaster , Protubera, Koba asi a, Protuberel 1a, Cal--- v- and Hysterangi----- urn. &s --- o~~~dress-ondenc+ -- --- S. Digby: -Ustilago cynodontis, also uninfected specimens of the Bermuda grass host if possible with seed. R. E. Hal 1 iny: Col- lybia and Marasmiellus. H. L. Lara: Living stains of Agaricus, Pleurotus, and Lentinus--- -edodes. (See --Changes of---- Address for Resoondence~

M. d. Maciarello: Specimens of Russula-- with field notes and, if possible, color slide.

A. S. Methven: Specimens of Clavariadel hus from North America, preferably with color notes, spore deposit and photograpl7--

J. Carranza-Morse: Polyporaceae from tropical regions (cultures and specimens) ; wi I1 exchange with specimens from Costa Rica. (See --Changes of Address for---- Respondence) 8 W. J. Sundberg: Lepiota spp. (sensu lato; notes and/or photographs he1 pful ) . 3. M. Trappe: Specimens of Hypogeous fungi.

R. E. Tull oss: Specimens of Amani ta spp.--well -documented collections with slides, if possi ble--pl ease inqui re-

D. C. Prusso: Species of Tulostoma, expecially from southwest desert areas -OR just a letter saying you have some. I need distribution data.

DEUTEROMYCETES

M. M. Kulik: Phomopsis species or material from which it may be is01ated. (See --Changes of Address for Respondence)

I. F. Sal kin: Phoma spp. isolated from clinical cases involving animals or humans, along with informati oKthe nature of the fungal infection.

K. A. Seifert: Specimens or cultures of Graphium or other synnematous Hyphomycetes. (See Changes of Address for Respondence) - T. Stasz: Tri choderma and Gli ocl adi urn spp. (See --Changes of Address for Respondence)

S. S. Wilcer: Aspergill us and .-- Penicill ium cultures identified to species for reference.

MISCELLANEOUS

W. H. Bollinger: Cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi, endomycorrhi zal fungi and mushroom-forming fungi. (See Changes of Address for Respondence)

V. Lapuszynski: Cyclosporin-producing strains with information on culture and extraction of pharmaceutical s. (See Changes of Address for Res-)

P. F. Lehmann: Cultures of fungi producing ki1 ler toxins.

M. J. Maciarello: Any fungi from Del-Mar-Va peninsula suitable for inclusion in DOV Herbarium.

HELP- THE NEW EDITOR (PLEASE)

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING POINTS WHEN PREPARING MATERIAL FOR SUBMISSION TO THE EDITOR ON THE NEWSLETTER QUESTIONNAIRE:

(A) WRITE NEATLY AND CLEARLY (PLEASE)

(B) USE PREVIOUS ISSUES AS A GUIDE TO FORMAT, CONTENT, AND DEPTH

(C) MAIL THE QUESTIONNAIRE WITH SUFFICIENT TIME TO REACH THE EDITOR BY THE DEADLINE (SEVERAL ARRIVE 5-1 2 DAYS AFTER THE DEADLINE) . 9 FUNGI FOR DISTRIBUTION---

M. A. Castellano can provide dried collections of -Hysterangiurn. (See -Changes of Address---- For Res~ondence1

R. A. Humber has entomogenous fungi (more than 150 taxa, especially Entomophthorales and Hyphomycetes; ca. 2000 isolates). Write for a catalog. V. Lapuszynski has cultures of wild strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Orleans Co., VT) , Flammul ina vel utipes (Or1eans Co., VT) , and Lepi sta -ni Bay Area, CA) for trade or otFer cons'ideration. (See Changes of Address For Respondence)

J. I. Liro: Mycotheca Fennica. Nos. 1-900 (1934-1953). ,An exsiccata offered in exchange against equally val uable sets of cryptogarns. Write Head Curator of Cryyptogams, Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, SF-00170 He1 sinki , Finland. Both complete and incomplete sets avai lab1e.

J. Carranza-Morse offers both cultures and specimens of Polyporaceae from Costa Rica. (See Changes of Address For Respondence)

T. J. Poprawski has cultures of entomopathoyenic Hyphotnycetes. (See Changes of Address For Resoondence 1

K. A. Seifert , curator of the Forintek culture col lection, wri tes that the col lection includes more than 500 unidentified stains isolated from wood and not listed in the catalogue, and urges taxonomists studying lignicolous fungi to contdct him. (See Changes- of Address for --Respondence) R. E. Tulloss has specimens of Amanita spp. from the Pine Barrens of New Jersey (laryely Section Lepidell a).

W. H. Bollinger notes that N.P.I. maintains a culture collection of over 300 fungus species and would like to exchange cultures with other fungi researchers on an equal basis. (See Changes- of Address For Respondence)

.- .- MSA PLACEMENT SERVICE Forms for the use of the MSA Placement Service--for both those seeking jobs and prospective employers--are included on the fol 1owing pages.

The success of the Placement Service is contingent upon receipt of accurate information that honestly describes prospective employees and open positions. The coordinators of the Placement Service, Gareth Morgan-Jones and Me1 vin S. Full er, we1 come any suggestions that wi11 better enable them to bring potenti a1 employers and qua1 ified mycologists together.

Because he wi11 be out of the country from May 10 to August 10, 1986, Me1 Full er wanted a1 1 to know that there will be no Placement Service activity until his return. Regarding this past year, he notes: "Unfortunat?ly, there is still too little activity on the employer end. I believe we had all of the good jobs that were available this year, but some ...... were not filled due to subsequent budget cuts."

XEROX AND USE THE PLACEMENT FORMS FROM THIS NEWSLETTER TODAY.

BUY YOUR ANNUAL REVIEWS THROUGH THE MSA--SEE THE MSA NEWSLETT3 DECEMBER 1985 MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PLACEMENT SERVICE

EMPLOYER DATA FORM

Please type or print all entries clearly.

1. Record Number: (leave blank)

2. Organization Name:

3. Position Title:

4. Interests. Circle letters from the following:

A. Morphology B. Taxonomy C. Physiology D. Cytology E. Biochemistry F. Cell Biology G. Genetics H. Ecology I. Molecular Biology J. Pathology K. Mycorrhizae L. Medical M. Development N. Computers 0,P = other

5. Fungal Group. Circle one or more letters from list:

A. Mycetozoa B. Zoosporic Fungi C. Zygomycetes D. Ascomycetes E. Basidiomycetes F. Deuteromycetes G. Trichomycetes H. Pathogenic Fungi I. General

J,K,L,M,N,O = other

6. Degree or Training Desired:

7. Skills Desired. Circle one or more from list:

A. Teaching B. Research C. Administration D. Public Service E. Curatorial

E-K = other. Please specify.

Terms Appointment:

9. Closing Date:

10. Contact Person:

11. Dept. or Organization:

12. University or Company:

13. Street:

14. City: 15. State or Province:

16. Zip or Postal: 17. Country:

17. Telephone Contact:

Return to: Dr. M. S. Fuller. MSA Placement. Dept. of Botany. University of Georgia. Athens, GA 30602. MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PLACEMENT SERVICE

EMPLOYEE DATA FORM

Please type or print all entries clearly.

1. Record Number: (leave blank)

2. Name: last

first

initial

3. Department or Organization:

4. University or Street: 5. City: - 6. State or Province (abbrev.):

7. Zip or Postal Code:

8. Country (abbrev. if >10 characters):

9. Phone Number:

10. Degree 1 (M.S. or B.S./B.A.), Year, Professor, Institution:

11. Degree 2 (Ph.D.), Year, Professor, Institution: - 12. Postdoctoral experience. Year, Professor, Institution:

13. Interests. Circle letters from the following:

A. Mycetozoa B. Zoosporic Fungi C. Zygomycetes D. Ascomycetes E. Basidiomycetes F. Deuteromycetes G. Trichomycetes H. Pathogenic Fungi' I. General 15. Job preference. Circle one or more letters from list:

A. Industry B. Univ. teaching C. Univ. research D. Both B and C E. Government F. Curatorial G. Other than above

Order of preference in above by letter:

16-22. Narrative about job applicant. Use this space to write anything you would like to have submitted with our report to a potential employer. Write in the third person. It is unlikely that items listed under "other" in the above categories will appear on your print out. This is the only place where you can enter special experience. You have seven lines, each with 65 characters including spaces and punctuation. You may hyphenate at the end of a line if it saves you space. Count the number of characters per line or print on graph paper in a rectangle 7 squares by 65 squares. The print out will read as text if you follow these directions. Program will not underline. Send completed form to:

Dr. Melvin S. Fuller MSA Placement Service Department of Botany University of Georgia Athens, GA, 30602 USA ------NEW BOOKS BY MSA MEMBERS

The following announcements were received in response to the MSA Newsletter questionnaire:

J. F. Amrnirati, J. A. Traquair, and P. A. Horgen. 1986. POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES AND CANADA. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapol is. 396 pp. Price: $75.00. (Available in Canada from Fitzhenry and Whi teside, Ltd ., Markham, Ontario). M. E. Barr, C. T. Rogerson, S. J. Smith, and J. H. Haines. 1986. AN ANNOTATED CATALOG OF THE PYRENOMYCETES DESCRIBED BY C. H. PECK. New York State Museum Bulletin #459. ca. 78 pp. Available by July 1986; send inquiries to J. H. Haines.

J. W. Bennett and L. L. Lasure (eds.). 1985. GENE MANIPULATIONS IN FUNGI. Academic Press, New York . M. R. Green and D. A. Spilker (eds.). 1986. FUNGICIDE CHEMISTRY: ADVANCES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS. ACS Symposium Series 304. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

J. H. Haines and I. F. Sal kin (eds.). 1986. A HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICAN MYCOLOGY (A symyosi urn

, reprinted from Mycotaxon. 79 pp. Price: $4.00 post paid. Make check or money order payable to "The University of the State of New York" and send to "Mycology", Rm. 3132 C.E.C., New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230.

L. Hansen and H. Knudsen (eds.). NORDIC MACROMYCETES 1-11. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki. Avai 1 able early 1987.

D. L. Largent. 1985. THE AGARICALES (GILLED FUNGI OF CALIFORNIA). 5. Hygrophoraceae. Mad River Press, Eureka. M. R. McGinnis (ed.). 1985. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICAL MYCOLOGY. Vol . 1. Sprinyer-Verlag, New York. $80.00.

E. M. O'Hern. 1986. PROFILES OF PIONEER WOMEN SCIENTISTS. Acropolis Books, Ltd. Washington, D. C. 208 pp. Price: $18.95 (hardback; includes two rr?ycologists--El izabeth Hazen and Rhoda Benham) . G. J. Samuel s. ANNOTATED INDEX TO THE MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF FRANZ PETRAK. Vol . 5: M-0. Order from Publ ications Officer, Science Information Publ ishing Centre; DSIR, P. 0. Box 9741; Wellington, New Zealand. Prive: NZ $9.50 + 2.50 postage.

H. D. Thiers. 1985. THE AGARICALES (GILLED FUNGI) OF CALIFORNIA. 2. Cantharellaceae. 3. Gomphidiaceae. 4. Paxi 11 aceae. Mad River Press, Eureka.

A BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCOUNT OF EXSICCATAE CONTAINING FUNGI is available from the Farlow Library at a cost of $6.00 + postage (8.75 in US, $1.00 elsewhere). REVISTA MEXICANA IIE MICOLOGIA, Vol . 1, was published in December 1985. This new journal is a, continuation of the Ruletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micoloyia, Nos. 1-19. Gaston Guzrnari continues as editor.

Jack Rogers reports that "Ruben Duran is publishiny a magnificent treatnent of Mexican Smut fungi. Details wi 11 be announced."

THE PYRENO-MA# SAID WITH CHAGRIN A MYCOLOGIST TURNING A TWIG I'VE TRIED BUT I JUST CANNOT WIN FQUND HIMSELF FACE-TO-FACE WITH A PIG I CANNOT ENTHUSE SAID THE PIG WITH A SNUFFLE THE GARDEN-CLUB CREWS "YOUNG MAN, THAT'S MY TRUFFLE WITM PLANTS LIKE THE HEAD OF A PIN. GO FIND OTHER TUBERS TOTIG. -----MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1986 ANNUAL--- ME€ T ING PROGRAM University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts -Friday, August 8 A1 1 Day: Workshop. Vesi cul ar-Arbuscular Mycorrhi zae. University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island

Saturday, August 9

All Day: Workshop. Vesicular-Arbuscul ar Mycorrhizae (con't .)

All Day: Foray: Federati on of Women's Club State Forest (Petersham) and Ruggl es Pond, Wendell State Forest, Worchester County, Massachusetts

Sunday, August 10

Morni ny : Foray: Mount Toby State Reservation, Frank1 in County, Massachusetts

Afternoon: Workshop. Hyphomycetes

A1 1 Day: Meeting of the MSA Council

Evening: AIBS Plenary Session

Monday, Auyust 11 Morning: Sessi on 1. Cont ributed Papers. Genetics , Physi 01 ogy and Biochemistry . Session 2. Symposi um. Medical Mycology Session 3. Posters. Ecology and Taxonomy

Afternoon : Session 3. (continued) Session 4. Contributed Papers. Morphology and Ultrastructure Session 5. Contributed Papers. Taxonomy Session 6. Symposi urn. Host-Parasi te Interfaces

Tuesday, Auyust 12

Morning: Session 7. Contributed Papers. Ecology Session 8. Symposium. Recent Advances in the Aquatic Fungi Session 9. Posters. Biochemistry, Genetics, Physi 01 ogy and Ultrastructure

Afternoon: Annual Lecture. Sandra L. Anagnostakis. Chestnut Blight: The Classical Problem of an Introduced Pathogen. Session 9. (continued) Session 10. Contributed Papers. Ecology, Medical Mycology and Physiology. Session 11. Mini -Symposium. Ascomycete Systematics From Various Viewpoints

Eveni ng : Awards Presentation and Social

Wednesday,- August 13

Morning: MSA Breakfast and Business Meeting Presidential Address. Roger D. Goos. Fungi With a Twist: The Helicosporous Hyphomycet es

Afternoon : Session 12. Contributed Papers. Morphol ogy and Ul trast ructure Session 13. Cont ributed Papers. Taxonomy Session 14. Symposium. Molecular Biology in the Study of Higber Fungal l5 Development and Phyl ogeny Session 15. Posters. Cytology, Ecol oyy and Medical Mycology Session 16. Workshop. Preservation of Laboratory Cultivated Fungi Using Liquid Nitrogen or b.y Lyophi 1i zation

Thursday, August 14 Morning: Sessi on 17. Contributed Papers. Taxonomy Session 18. Symposium. Mycorrhi zal Fungi and Ecological Theory

ABSTRACTS Abstracts of the papers scheduled for presentation at the 1986 MSA Annual Meeting are ...... included alphabetically by author below and on the following pages.

-S. K. ABDULLAH. Biology Department, S. K. ABDULLAH and S. M. AL-BADER. Col 1ege of Science, Uni versity of Basrah, Bi01 ogy Department, Col 1ege of Sci ence, Iraq. New Species of He1 icodendron. University of Basrah, Iraq. Thermophi 1 ic and thermotolerant fungi of the Iraqi Members of the genus Helicodendron soil Peyronel belong to the ecological group . known as "aero-aquatic" fungi. These A total of 200 soi 1 samples collected from fungi characterised by the production of different parts of Iraq were screened for purely vegetative mycelium in substrata their thermophil ic and thermotolerant under water and by the formation of mycofl ora. Three different techniques conidia with a special flotation device, were used for isolation of these fungi: formed only when the substrata on which the soil plate method, the dilution plate the fungus is growing is exposed to moist method, and the heat and alcohol treatment atmosphere. He1 icodendron is the 1argest method. The isolation media used were: form genus among the aero-aquatic fungi MEA, PCA, PDA, and Emerson YpSs. The with 18 s~ecies. In the ~resentDaDer two results showed that the therrnophilic and more species (He1 icodendron longikpbrum thermotolerant species were detected in Abdullah SD. nov and H. .iaoonicum Abdullah -- _I all soil samples tested. They were SP. nov) hive been isolated from decavinq- represented at least by one s~eciesin piant materials submerged in stagnant- each soi 1 sample. ~cro~hia1 obhora, water habitat and described for the first Chaetomi um, Emeri cella, Tal aromyces , time to science. Some ecological Thiel avia, Hurnicol a, ~hexoascus, and observations and geographical distribution Mycel iophthora. The isol ated species were of the members of this yenus were tested for their extracell ular enzymatic presented. abi l ity to produce Amy1 ase, Cell ulase, Protease, Lipase and Phenol oxidase.

SYNCHYTRIUM TARAXACI --- . .. -2.-/- . . ..., , - . had pilocystidia that were mostly branched or lobed Abou-Heilah, A. N., see Khaliel, A. S., et. al. and had no reaction in MR.

J.E. ADASKAVEG and &L MJ&ERTSOMI Department of rLE, ADASKAYEG and R.L. GILBERTSON, Department of Plant Pathology# University of Arizona. Tucson, Pl ant Pathology, University of Arizona. Tucson# Arizona 85721. Cultural Character1st ics and Arizona 85721. Protein Studies of Ganoderma Species Temperature Relationships of North American Species in the G, lucidurn Complex using Isoelectric Focusing. in the Ganoderma hdhmcomplex. Isolates of several species in the Ganoderma lucidurn Cultural studies were conducted on 6 species of complex were studied by isoelectric focusing of Ganoderma in the 6, J-uddm complex from North soluble proteins extracted in an aqueous buffered Amerlca. They were 6, lucidurn, 6, colossum, 6, solution from mycelium grown in liquid culture. The zonatum~G, wt 6 megsamle, and an undescribed species studied from North America were: G, -,, species from pine. Only 2 species produced St-, L-. Lzonatum, Lcolossurnr chl amydospores. Ganoderma hdhm produced re1ativel y and an unidentified species from pine collected from smooth walled chlamydo~pores~while G, mlnqqum the southeastern United States. Isolates from Europe produced globose chlamydospores with spines also 'studied were the putative species G, reslnaceum projecting from reticulations on the surface. and G, The North American isolates of L Ganoderma zonatum produced previously undescribed -. lucidumr L tsuoaet G, ronatumt and L colossum had minute structures we termed hyphal rosettes. readily identifiable protein patterns with minor Ganaderma zonatumr !L tsuaaer G, -r and the variations between isolates when focused between a 4- undescribed species all produced thin walled vesicles 8 pH range. Ganodermn-, L~,oreoonenser and the that rupture readily. All species except G, unidentified species. a1 1 is01ated from conifers, had produced cuticular cells and staghorn hyphae. similar patterns to each other. however. they were Microscopic structures were studied with bright-field and SEM techniques. All species were grown from 10-50 specif ically recognizable. A1 1 species had protein bands from the acidic to alkaline region although G, C at 5 C intervals for 2 wk to determine optimum growth temperatures. GanDderma lucldum and L lucldum isolates had more bands in the acidic region. Isolates of G, reqi-m from Europe produced mmhad optimal temperature ranges (;f 30-35 C similar patterns to the North American isolates of L and 35-40 C. respective1y. Ganoderma udassuum grew n.These isolates were all collected from slowly at 45 C and survived exposure to 50 C. G, and G, had similar growth hardwoods. The valesiacum isolate from Europe had Ganoderma tsugae rmgmma a pattern similar to North American isolates curves and optimal temperatures of 20-25 C, with no collected from conifers. However, the pattern was growth above 30 C. Gn~darmaranurn and the slightly different. The results of isoelectric undescribed species had similar curves with focusing of soluble proteins from species in theG, temperature optima between 25-30 C with growth at 35 lucldum complex general 1y substantiate our concept C but not at 40 C. All 6 species can be distinguished of the taxonomy of the group based on other by cultural morphology and temperature relationships characters. except for li, tsuaae and G, oreaonense which are different from the others but similar to each other. JXL ADASKAYEG and R.L. GILBERTSON, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona. Tucson. J.& BDASKAVEG and R.L. GILBERTSON. Department of Arizona 85721. Vegetative Incompatibil ity Studies Plant Path01 ogy. University of Arizona. Tucson. with Intraspecific Pairings of Ganoderma lucldum and Arizona 85721. Host Relationships and Morphology of tsuaae. Basidiospores and Pilocystidia of North American Ganoderma species in the G, lucldum complex. - Intraspecific pairings of dikaryons of Ganoderma Wmand G,- were conducted in vitro on 2% Six Gamdwm species were studied in respect to host malt-extract agar (MEA) and on wood blocks of both relationships and morphology of basidiopores and -ucoides and AU.mcolor. Pairings pilocystidia. They were: G,hd.dm and Si. were observed after 10 wk on MEA and after 20 wk on from hardwoods; G, w.L ~,oreoonensa. and an wood blocks. Four types of zone 1inss developed: (1) unidentified species from conifers; and LZQM~UI~discolored zones of undecayed wood on oak blocks; (2) from pal ms. Basidiospores and pilocystidia were non-discolored zones of undecayed wood on white fir examined by bright-field and SEM. Basidiospores of blocks; (3) hyphal interaction barriers in surface lur;Fdum were relatively smooth while inter-wall mycelium and within wood of both wood types; and (4) pi1lars were short. thin, and numerous. Basidiospores non-interaction zone lines in surface myceliunr of of li, were similarr but. more oblong. both wood types. Evidently. characters of the host Ganodermacolossum had larger. smooth basidiosporesr wood influence formation of the interaction zones. with inter-wall pillars that were long. angular. and Hyphal interactions appeared as single or double more numerous than those of the other species. barriers on both wood species where opposing Basidiospores of G, isuga.e and Gd Drrgmmse were dikaryons met. Barriers on MEA and wood blocks rough with larger and less numerous inter-wall consisted of hyphae with swellings and excessive pillars. Basidiospores of G,mmewere larger branching where hyphal fusion occurred. Hyphal non- than those of G, Lug,a,a. The unidentif led species had interaction lines appeared randomly on the surface of basidlospores simllar to those of Llucldumr but wood blocks where dense1 y packed, pigmented with a smoother surface and scattered circular cuticularcells were formed. Interactions Mere studied depressions. Pilocystidia of L isugde and L by either phase, bright-field. or scanning electron oreaonense were mostly clavate with relatively 1ittle microscopy. All self pal rings showed no interaction branching and strong1 y amyloid in Melzerls reagent zones and anastamosed freely. A1 1 intraspec if ic (MR). Gnnndasmn cnlasurn had longer, clavate pairings of G,hcid.um and Lkugas dikaryons from pilocystidia with a weak amylold reaction in MR. different sources formed interaction zones regardless Pilocystidia of EL lucldum and the unidentified of geographical distribution. Homokaryons from species were also clavate but occasionaly branched. different !& lucidunl dikaryons were completely and had a strong amyloid reaction. Ganoderma zrm&.m interfertile. Agrawal, S. C., see Jain, P. C., et. al. 3.8. ANDERSON and D.M. PETSCHE. Dept. Botany, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Al-Bader, S. M., see Abdullah, S. K. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1C6. Restriction polymorphisms in nuclear DNA. of the North American biological species of M. F. ALLEN and E. B. ALLEN. Ecology Center, Utah Armillaria. State University, Logan, UT 84322-4500. Competition and Mycorrhizae: Patterns and Mechanisms. Armillaria mellea (broad sense) consists of several morphologically similar, but Competition has long been proposed as a mechanism reproductively isolated, groups. Our initial regulating communities. Mycorrhizae also appear to objective was to determine whether these groups influence community composition. We have proposed are also distinct with respect to an that mycorrhizae may regulate community organization independent molecular criterion. We examined by influencing competitive interactions. Competi- 16 isolates of eight groups for variation in tion can be defined as the reduction in performance restriction fragment sizes in ten random of neighbors but ultimately should be measured in nuclear DNA segments cloned in the plasmid terms of differential resource acquisition. Our vector pUC18 and in the repeated nuclear DNA studies in the semiarid shrub-steppe ecosystem sequences coding for ribosomal RNA. Most of assessing plant interactions has begun to elucidate the observed variation in restriction fragment the roles of mycorrhizae in plant competition. In sizes was between, rather than within, groups. Sal sola-Agropyron interactions, the presence of Certain polymorphivns characterized subsets of mycorrhizae reduced the competitive effects of the two or more groups. Conparison of detailed weeds on the grasses for soil water acquisition restrict ion maps, along with the morphological during drought periods. The VAM fungus also acts as and ecological data, may allow inference of the a temporal pathogen on Salsola reducing its cover phylogenetic history of the Armillaria groups. and density. Thus the interaction avvears to be physiological. In Agropyron desertor"m-A. spicatum interactions (with an Artemisia tridentata inter- Anderson, J. R., see Castle, A. J., et. al. mediary), the A. tridentata preferentially took up P from the A. spTcatum side, not the A_. desertorum Anderson, J. B., see Hintz. W. E., et. al. side. Mycorrhizal activity of the shrub was eauiva- lent with either grass. ow ever, there were mire Anderson, J. B., see Smith, M. hyphal penetrations per unit soil volume with A. desertorum than A. spicatum due to greater numbers Anderson, R. C., see Benjamin, P. K., et. al. of penetrations per root length and greater rooting density in A. desertorum. Thus, the interaction Ansel, M., see Thibaut, M., et. al. appears to be architectural. These experiments indicate that mycorrhizae may influence competition P. T. ARNOLD, C. E. WILMS, and L. A. MPUSTKA. for resources directly (spatially) or differentially Botany Department, Miami University, Oxford, 013 reacting with a host the parasi tism-mutual ism on 45056. Interspecific variation of metal uptake by continuum. VA mycorrhizae.

Allen, E. B., see Allen, M. F. --Lolium perenne seedlings were inoculated with either Glomus epigeum. 5. mosseae, G. deserticola, or Allen, M. F., see Friese, C. F. Gigaspora gigantea. Each set of seedlings was irrigated with a nutrient solution supplemented with one of the following metal concentrations: 1-, 5- or F.V. ALOFE, Department of Microbiology, 10uM Cd; 5-, 25- or 50uM Cu; lo-, 50- or 100~MZn. University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Oyo State, Nigeria. Seedlings were harvested at 11 weeks of age and after 3 weeks of metal exposure. Upon harvesting, Amino Acid Composition of Some Nigerian Wi1.d aerial phytomass, root phytomass, shoot:root ratios, Mushroom . mycorrhizal infectivity and shoot metal content were determined. Each of the VAM isolates yielded Six samples of three mushroom species, nmely different characteristics in metal uptake with them Termito~cesrobustus, Tricholoma lobayens is all amplifying the metal content of the host shoot and Volvariella_ esculenta were studied. Sixteen material. The role of VAMs in removing metals from protein-bound and 21 free amino acids were found contaminated soil is examined. in each s~mple. All the 16 protein-bound amino acids, except glycine, were found in greater amounts (1.54 to 13.99%) in the pileus of m- H. J. ARNOTT and K. D. WHITNEY. Department of tomyces robustw than in its stipe ( 1.20 to Biology. University of Texas at Arlington. Arlington. 12.28%). TX 76019. Calcium oxalate mineralization on ?he pilei of Tricholoma lobayensis rhizomorphs of Amilloriella tobescens in culture. and Volvariella esciilenta only contained great amount of the amino acids. Glycine, glutamate and Cultures of Armilloriello tobescens were established alanine were the most abundant of the protein- from multispore sowings on o dextrose-peptone medium. bound amino acids. Of the 21 free amino acids, In culture. these isolates initially produce o sparse, alanine (15.61 to 16.17), tryptophan (10.20 to slow-growing surface mycelium, but after one to two 13.51) and leucine (12.705, in Termitowces weeks rhizomorphs are initiated within or below the inocculotion block. The root-like rhizomorphs grow robustus only) were found in great amounts. All out from the site of inocculation in a more or less essential amino acids were present. The sulfur radial direction, bronching and sub-branching. In a containing amino acids were found at very low 100 mn Petri plate with 18 ml of media o dozen or more levels. rhizomorphs can be initiated. Under these conditions the rhizomorphs are about 1 m in diameter and can reach 3 cm in length. After a period of growth within Am~nirati, J., see Shih, L., et. al. the agar. and when their apices are past the margin of the surface mycelium. the rhizomorphs often turn la upward, breaking through the agar surface. Once in W. E. BARSTOW and G. D. FRESHOUR. Botany the air a mantle of "root hair-like" peripheral hyphae Department, University of Georgia, Athens, develops on the rhizamorphs, These peripheral hyphoe bear numerous colcium oxalate crystals. The GA 30602. The effect of monensin on zoosp- individual crystals are needle shaped, about 0.3 pm in orogenesis in Blastocladiella emersonii. width. and up to 3 Am in length. The crystals are only found on aerial hyphae, not hyphae produced Ultrastructural changes resulting from tre- within the agar, and appear to represent another atment with the sodium selective ionophore, example of "intracellular" mineralization in the monensin, were studied in cells from zoosp- fungi. orangial cultures of Blastocladiella emers- &. Monensin inhibits the exit of membrane materials from the trans cisternae of Arnott, H. J., see Whitney, K. D. the Golgi apparatus (Mollenhauer et al. Protoplasma 112, 117-126, 1982). When 50pM Aronson, J. M., see Bertke, C. C. monensin was added to the culture one hour before papilla formation the cells failed C. W. BACON and D. M. RINTON. Richard B. Russell to form papilla or to differentiate zoospo- Research Center, USDAIARS, P. 0. Box 5677, Athens, res. When monensin was added to the cult- GA 30613. ure one hour after papilla formation more Obligate microcycle sporulation by ascospores of than 80% of the cells failed to cleave or Evichloe tyvhina. to discharge zoospores. Of the zoospores released. ca 10% were multiflaeellate." Both Ascospores discharged from perithecia of Evichloe multiflagellate and uniflagellate zoospores tyvhina (Pers. ex Fr.) Tul. developed part-spores were released from the same zoosporangium. and each part-spore produced conidiophores and The ultrastructure of monensin treated cel- conidia in the complete absence of vegetative ls showed few cleavage vesicles in the spo- growth within 24 to 36 hours. On several types of rangia that produced multiflagellated zoo- media, host material, and under several conditions, spores. The single cisternae Golgi equiva- it was observed that ascospores always underwent lents of these cells were inflated and dis- microcycle conidiation, i.e. conidiogenesis torted. These findings are compatible with innnediately following germination without mycelia the proposal that the membranous elements growth. The conidia produced from ascospores involved in cleavage of gametes in another readily germinated, producing vegetative mycelium blastocladialian fungus, Allomyces macrogy- and conidia morphologically similar to those nus, are derived from Golgi equivalents produced by ascospores. Since conditions were not (Sewall and Pommerville, J. Cell Biol.,lOl, found which favored the development of vegetative 60a. 1985). mycelium from ascospores, it was considered that contrary to the experimentally produced microcycle PAMELA K. BENJAMIN, ROGER C. ANDERSON, and ANTHONY conidiation by conidia reported in other fungi, --E. LIBERTA. Department of Biological Sciences, direct conidiation by ascospores of. tvphina was Illinois State University. Normal, IL 61761. an essential and natural process. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) ecology of ' little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) across a MOSS BALDWIN, D. C. DOVE, and 0. K. MILLER, JR., prairie-forest gradient. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Occurrence of We examined changes in little bluestem plant cover ectomycorrhizae on coal mine wastes in southwestern and VAM root colonization, and VAM spore density and Virginia. inoculum potential across a gradient from sand prairie to closed oak-hickory forest. Study sites A survey of ectomycorrhizal fungi was made on coal were ordered on the basis of tree basal area and mine waste sites in southwestern Virginia. These sites assigned values from 1 to 5 to reflect conditions consist of large amounts of parent rock material with from open sand prairie to closed forest, respective- little organic matter and a wide range of pH. Many ly. Significant negative correlations were found have potentially toxic concentrations of trace metals. between assigned site values and VAM spore counts Scleroderma citrinum, Pisalithus tinctorius and Laccaria (r= -0.91, p<0.01), inoculum potential (r= -0.98, laccata were conspicuous among the species found. Initial p<0.01). VAM colonization (r= -0.97, p<0.01) and studies to correlate soil type, vegetation, and mycorrhizal little bluestem cover (r= -0.81, p<0.01). A signifi- fungi are described. cant positive correlation (r= 0.84. p<0.01) was found between little bluestem cover and spore counts. VAM colonization of little bluestem roots was also D.J.S. BARR and N.L. D~SAUINIEFS. positively correlated with cover (r= 0.71, ~(0.05). i3iosystematics &s. Inst., Agriculture Canada, Spore counts decreased from 12.51~~of soil to Ottawa, Cmtario KLA OC6. The zoospore and 0.851~~from open sand prairie to closed forest, systematics of Laqena radicicola. respectively. Dominant VAM fungal species represented as spores were Glomus fuegianu! (Speg.) Lagena radicicola is an obligate parasite in root Trappe & Gerd., c. geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) cells o? wheat and various cereals. This fungus Walker, Sclerocystis ~biformisGerd. & Trappe, and has a primary type of zoospore that is ellipsoidal -G. fasciculatum (Thax. sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. to pyrifonnwith two flagella attached near the - anterior end. The ultrastructure of the zoospore indicates a definite relationship to the Wcetes, Benny, G. L., see Gibson, J. L. but its natural relationship to the Lagenidiales, where it is classified, is less certain.

WHAT'S THE BEST MSA MEMBER MRATHON TIME? GERALD BILLS COMPLETED THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARATHON ON APRIL 13 IN 3 HOURS 4 MINUTES; 50TH OF A FIELD OF ABOUT 1500 (26.2 NILES AT A 7 MINUTE/MILE PACE). IS THIS AN MSA MEMBERSHIP RECORD? (LET THE %S_A NEWSLETTER EDITOR KNOW.) G. L. BENNY, L. P. KISH* and J. W. KIMBROUCH. ional transport ~f chitin precursors and Department of Botany, University of Florida, chitin synthase in this fungus. As wall Gainesville, FL 32611 and *Department of Plant, Soil biosynthesis is associated with apical pla- and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, sma membrane, chitin synthase activity ass- Moscow ID 83843. Cytological and Ultrastructural ociated with wall synthesis would also be Studies of Spore Cyst and Spore Ontogeny in associated with plasma membrane, while chi- Ascosphaera e. tin synthase activity associated with gran- ule synthesis might be associated with vac- Ascosphaera atra Skou & Hackett is a homothallic uolar membra.ne. Mechanical dama~esustain- member of the Ascosphaeraceae associated with the ed by cells and subcellular fractions can leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fabr.). This be minimized by the use of protop1ast.s. A family contains three genera and ten described procedure for the gr~duction,isolation, species, several of which are pathogens of bees. recovery and stabilization of Apodachlya Transmission electron microscopy and light protoplasts has been developed. These pro- microscopy of Giemsa stained whole mounts were used ta~lastshave been characterized by light to follow the development of the spore cyst and and electron microscopy. Protoplast prep- spores. In A. e,spore cysts are formed from the arations of sufficient quality and quantity penultimate cell that is walled off from a piece of to provide a source nf membranes for anal- hyphae. This cell contains several to many nuclei, ysis have been prepared, and studies on the one to eight of which flow from the ultimate cell subcellular distribution of chitin synthase back into an invagination of the cell in Apodachlya 9.are in progress. ( spore cyst). Later, this invagination becomes detached and floats free within the spore cyst; septa then form and up to four cells are produced. G.F. BILLS. G.P. CHAMURIS. and D.F. FAHR. Fifteen to 25 spore balls are formed, each Systematics Laboratory. Biosystematics and containing 25-50 spores. The method of spore cyst Beneficial Insects Institute. Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. Beltsville. MD. and spore formation is discussed and compared with 20705. that of other species of Ascosphaera, and other taxa of the Ascomycetes. Revision of the "Index of Plant Diseases in the United States - Agricultural Handbook No. 165". The Index of Plant Diseases is ofre of the most M. S. Bergen and R, P, Collins. Biological Sciences frequently used reference manuals for Group, U-42, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT agricultural and biological scientists. 06268. The involvement of the outer wall layer of pathologists. mycologists. regulatory agents. extension agents. etc. Because the Index was Cladosporium cladosporioides in an allergic reaction. based primarily on information gathered prior to the 1940's. it is sorely out-of-date in terms of 10 to 18%of all allergies are due to Cladosporium 1) the occurrences and geographic distributions of plant pathogens in the United States and 2) cladosporioides. Nothing has been known as to which the nomenclature and taxonomy of plant pathogenic layer of the fungal wall is involved in the allergic fungi. The Systematics Lab. in conjunction with reaction. We will present evidence that a glycopro- Germplasm Resources Institute (Agricultural Research Service) and the University of Maryland tein on the outer wall of germinating spores reacted Botany Dept.. is currently revising the Index. with serum from an individual allergic to the fungus. The revision consists of 4 malnr-- tncke.---..-. 1) Using immunofluorescence, it was determined that the searching the pathological and mycologicai literature for new data on plant diseases: 2) outer wall of ~~ngerminatedspores did not react to revision of host plant nomenclature, taxonomy. an I& component of the serum, but 40 minutes after and distributional informatior: 3) revision of the addition of potato dextrose broth, localized fungal pathogen nomenclature and taxonomy and compilation of fungal synonym 4) mer ing the regions of fluorescence appeared over the surface of plant disease. host, and pat8:o en daqabases the spores. The entire surface of the spores often created in steps 1-3 into a new 1n8ex. The- first--~-. part of the Index will follow the same basic fluoresced 4 hours after the addition of the broth. organization as the old. a listing of host plants The outer wall of the emerging hyphal tubes, after by family with their associated pathogens and 12 hours, also fluoresced. However, when the fungus commentary on the diseases. The second part of the Index will be a separate pathogen index that xas grown in the broth for 3 dale on a shaker, only includes a listing of pathogens. their synonyms. the most recently formed hyphal wall material geographic distribution. and associated host fluoresced, After 6 days on a shaker, there was no plants. Samples of the new Index will available for comments and suggestions. fluorescence on the outer hyphal wall. These experiments suggest that some spores, when inhaled by certain susceptible individuals, may germinate in G.F. Bills, G.P. Chamuris, and D.F. Barr. the respiratory system before they are cleared by ys ema cs Laborator Bios sternatics and fen:fic::l Insects ?~stituYe, Beltsville the immune system, and it is the resulting glyco- A ricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, protein that may be involved in triggering the 28705. allergic response. "Index of Plant Diseases in the United States" - Practical decision m+hg on the nomenclature and C . C . BZRTKE and J .h? . ARONSON . Department taxonomy of fungl. of Botany and Microbio1of.q~. Arizona State Over 4000 fungal names a peared in the 1960 University, Tempe. AZ 9525?. Protoplasts edition of the "Index of ~YantDiseases in the Ulited States - Agricultural Handbook No. 165." of Apodachlya 22. At least 2-3 thousand additional names are ted to surface during the revision of the The Oomycete Apodachlya 2. (Leptomitales) EE. In the context of providing a working manual for non-specialists, while striving for is notewnrthv in that chitin is a maior nomenclatorial and taxonomic accuracv. we have (13fl' cnnstituient nf its cell wall..' An bez? faced with several difficult decisions. The additional feature which distinquishes this rarlslon ?resents one of the first attempts, at widesp~ea appli~ptionof the sanctlonln fungus from most other Oomycetes is the ":Pers. and :Fr. recommended by the 1983 presence of chitin-glucan cellulin qranules ICBN. Howwer, amblguitles in the concept of in the cytoplasm of its veqetative hyphae. sanctioned names and their rank of ap lication sometimg makes this recommendation dlPficult to The dual sites of chitin deposition in apply. Typification or recircumscription of Apodachlya z. implv a possible bidirect- genera has often rendered the current aeneric 29 iticn of man species meaninglees. -Shoula microphyllum the clavate basidiocarp was situated within w%lude iinvalidY published taxa whose names have been enbedded In the literature? Taxonomic the archeaonial region and its bulbous base was embraced disagreements amon experts as to generic or by the v&nula aid perichaetial bracts. In no case did specific anym o%en occur. An overwhelming hyphae associated with the fruitbody base penetrate number oThng3 names are resented on1 by inadequately described ty es. Thould we inc3ude adjacent host cells. Instead, interfacial phenomena these fun i that are or uncertain taxonomic reported as commonly occurring in status ani biological significance? Specific gametophytelsporophyte interactions were observed. examples are illustrated and areas for possible future research are presented. Host hydroids underlie the basidiocarp and gametophytic transfer cells were seen to differentiate in response to intercellular hyphae to form a collar around the fruitbody MEREDITH BLACKWELL. Department of Botany, base. These two gametophytic cell types are normally Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803. associated with the nutritional support of the moss Fungal interfaces : ectoparasites of arthropods. sporophyte. The host-parasite interface in additional moss genera will be presented. Implications of the data Although they are of interest in the evaluation of for host-parasite interaction involving E, muscicola and evolutionary potential of fungi, associations its moss hosts will be discussed. between ectoparasitic fungi and arthropods have recieved little attention. The host arthropod affords mobility to fungal propagules and provides J. R. BOISE and G. J. SAMUELS, Farlow Herbarium. a potential source of nutrients of varying quality. 20 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138 and New York In some cases the arthropod may also provide a Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458. habitat of controlled temperature and humidity. Expedition to Mt. Galbao, French Guiana Ectoparactic fungi of arthropods are often characterized by the possession of a small, Reviving a long dormant interest in mycological nowycelial thallus, production of conidia or exploration of the Guianas, two mycologists joined ascospores associated with mucilage, and production an expedition to the lowland tropical rainforest of of an elaborated holdfast. Some s~eciesproduce Mt. Galbao, French Guiana, South America during haustoria that range from peg-like to elaborately January 1986. Jean-Jacques DeGranville, Director, branched, while others have no apparent penetration Herbier, O.R.S.T.O.M., Cayenne organized the into or- damage to the arthropod cuticle; some expedition that included French and American parti- species are probably merely camensals. Canparison cipants in the Flora of the Guianas project. of the fungus-arthropod interface provides evidence that a few species may be related, but superficial January is wet season in French Guiana. To combat similarities of most of the fungi have probably the extra humid conditions collections were gathered arisen by convergence. Analysis of the interface in greaseproof paper bags, dried in the field over a further provides evidence that Implies several kerosene stove and then sealed in large plastic bags different factors have been involved in the for field storage and transport to the herbaria. evolution of insect arthropod associations. The Xylariaceae were a most conspicuous element of ;he mycota. Discoveries of Hypocreales and mela- M. BLACKWELL, J.R. BRIDGES, J.C. MOSER, AND T.J. nommataceous fungi served the special interests of

PERRY. Department of Botany, Louisiana State the collectors. Aside from Cookeina sp., large , University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, and Southern fleshy fungi were rarely sighted. Forest Experiment Station, U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Pineville LA 71360. Pyxidiophora-Thaxteriola. Specialization for mite Boise, J. R., see Pfister, D. H. dispersal. R. N. BORTNICK and F. W. SPIEGEL. Dept. of Botany The phylogenetic relationships of Thaxteriola spp. and Microbiology, Univ. of Arkansas. SE 401, Fayette- and other minute, nonnycelial fungi associated with ville, AR. 72701. Zoosporogenesis in Albugo arthropods have been suggested to be with the ipomoeae-panduranae (Schwein.) Swing., Oomycetes. Laboulbeniales. However, development of the 2-3-celled thallus of Thaxteriola sp. from the The genus Albugo (Albuginacae) comprises a group of ascospore of an undescribed species of Pyxidiophora terrestrial plant pathogens in the Oomycetes. Albugo has heen observed recently. F'yxidiophora sp. is fpomoeae-panduranae is a parasite of members in the known now from the southern pine beetle (SPB) Convolvulaceae. The sequence of morphological chang- symbiotic assemblage in Louisiana and Texas. The es during zoesporogenesis were recorded for this Thaxteriola anamorph has been collected on 17 species using video aided light microscopy. The ser- species of mites, sane of which are phoretic on ies of events were determined and timed. Mature SPB, in Texas, Louisiana, and California. The sporangia wereallowed to imbibe water on agar plates anamorph distribution suggests that the teleomorph for one hour. Timing of zoosporangial events start- is more widespread than present records indicate. ed when sporangia were placed in water on a slide (To). Germinting sporangia were observed to undergo the following series of developmental changes: (1) E. W. A. BOEHM and D. J. McLAUGHLIN. Dept. of formation of central vacuole (T10 min.), (2) initi- Botany, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. 55108. ation of cleavage furrows (T ), (3) formation of ~ocronartiumm&cicola: the host-parasite interface. discharge papilla (TZ2), (4) laisapperance of central vacuole (T42). (5) apperance of functioning con- Eocronartium muscicola (Pers.) Fitz. (Auriculariales sensu tractile vacuoles (T4*). (6) migration of protoplast lato) parasitizes the gametophytes of numerous temperate into a vesicle (T45), and (7) rupturing of the ves- moss&. ~itzpatrick(1918a. ~h~to~athol.8:197)working icle, releasing free-swimming zoospores (T ). with Climacium americanum described the host-parasite 48 interface as strictly intracillular. The present study, employing light microscopy, SEM and TEM, focused on six of the fifteen reported moss hosts and was initated to verify the earlier reports. In Haplocladium SUGGEST MSA MEMBERSHIP TO A FRIEND OR STUDENT. 21 J. A. BOURRET and S. Ennassih. Department Ceratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis species were of Biology, California State University, observed with the southern pine beetle for the Long Beach, CA 90840. 2-Deoxyglucose first time. These include C. bicolor, C. inhibits germination of Pilobolus longipes leucocarpa, Cop. *,Cop. mlGuta7Znd Cop. spores by trapping intracellular ATP. fasciata. Sporangiospores of Pilobolus longipes were activated by either glucose, 6- Bridges, J. R., see Blackwell, M., et. al. deoxyglucose, or cyclic nucleotides. Intracellular cyclic AMP content increased in response to either glucose or 6- J. BROWN, R. WAIN, R. YANGCO and D. TeST%AI

J. R. Bridges and T. J. Perry. Southern Forest Prior studies have doc~rmented~rniq~re mitochondria1 Experiment Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, gene orders in every f~rng~rsexamined, but the spe- Pineville, LA 71360. New fungi associated with cies chosen in these studies were all distantly the southern pine beetle. related. Thus, Ilene order was known to be plastic, but the freq~rencyof gene rearrange~nr?ntsrelative to A new species of ~eratoc_ystiopsis has been other molec~llarevol~rtionary events re~nainedIln- recently observed to bewide7y associated with the known. We have constructed physical and genetic southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontal is. maps of the mitochondria1 DNA (mt-DNA) of five spe- The fungus has small, short-nezed ascocarps and cies from the Holetaceae (Basidio~nycotina). Three "tadpole-shaped" ascospores. The anamorph is a species of ~i~-us_from s~rbsectionfleyas-porinj- have Eothrix. In addition, a number of other mt-DNAs which range in size froin 68 to 121 kb. They 22 were found to have identical gene orders and signif- smooth and mostly cylindrical. Spore size range is icant percentages of homologo~~srestriction sites. 21-41.5 x 11.5-19.5 um. Their 1ength:width ratios S. l~lteus, which is placed in a different section of vary from 1.8-2.3. There are several distinct the genus, has a mitochondria1 genome of 108 kb. It morphological differences between this isolate and shares a very low percentage of homologous restric- Mucor strictus, the only psychrophile presently in- tion sites with the other three species, but its cluded in the genus. Soi 1 temperatures measured gene order differs only by the position of the small weekly for the past year in the woodland site have ribosomal RNA gene. The mt-DNA of Paragyrodon ranged between 2O and lgO C at a depth of 10 cm. sphaerosporus is 38 kb. It shares almost no recog- Therefore, this psychrophilic is01 ate as well as -nizabTeereStriction site homology with the S~lill~~s other fungi with low temperature preferences are species examined. However, its gene order msF< potentially active throughout the year in this from that of either the Megasporifi group or 2, temperate habitat. 111te11sby only a single inversion. These results sonstrate that in these fungi rearrangements are rare relative to insertion/deletion events and point L. M. CARRIS and D. A. GLAWE. Dept. of Plant Pathol- mutations. Furthermore, it appears that gene order ogy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801. Unusual changes may provide 11sef111clues to phylogenetic fungi associated with Heterodera glycines in Illinois. relationships. During the course of a three year study on the fungi associated with Heterodera glycines in Illinois, more Brunt, S. A., see Silver, J. C., et. al. than 70 species were identified. Half of the fungi have not been reported from cyst nematodes prior to R. C. BUGOS and J. B. SUTHERLAND. Department of this study, and a number are new records for Illinois. Biological Sciences. Michigan Technological Universi- Among the members of this mycoflora are species of ty, Houghton, MI 49931. The metabolism of aromatic plant and animal pathogens, as well as other fungi commonly associated with specialized habitats. A compounds by the soft-rot fungus Phialophora hoffmannii. partial list of noteworthy fungi illustrated includes ascomycete species classified in Chaetomium, Aromatic metabolism was studied in the soft-rot fun- Cristospora, Trematosphaeria, and Thielavia; hyphomycete species classified in Aphanocladium, Chalara, QUS Phialophora hoffmannii ATCC 34158. The fungus Drechslera, Tricellula, and Tritirachium; and a was grown at 27OC with shaking in liquid media con- corticiaceous basidiomycete. The isolation of thsse taining 2 NH4N03, 2 g KH2P04. 0.5 g MgS04.7H20, 0.1 g fungi from nematode cysts suggests that their myco- CaC12.2H20 and 0.5 g yeast extract per liter'of q thought. distilled water; 0.01% of an aromatic compound was flora is more diverse than previously added to each flask. Samples of the culture media were taken periodically during incubation and ana- L. M. CARRIS. D. A. GLAWE, and C. A. SMYTH. Depts. lyzed for metabolic intermediates by high-performance of Plant Pathology and Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, liquid chromatography (HPLC). Separation was per- Urbana, IL 61801. Population dynamics of fungi formed usinp a C-18 reversed-phase column with a associated with the soybean cyst nematode in mobile phase consisting of 15% acetonitrile and 85% Illinois. KH2P04 buffer (pH 3.0). Dioxygenases in cell-free extracts were assayed with an oxygen electrode. Caf- Populations of fungi associated with cysts of feic acid was metabolized via protocatechualdehyde Heterodera glycines were monitored in two Illinois and protocatechuic acid; g-hydroxybenzoic acid via soybean fields during 1983-1985. The nematode pop- protocatechuic acid; p-coumaric acid via p-hydroxy- ulation in one field was low despite years of in- benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocat- festation while the second field had typical high echuic acid; and ferulic acid and vanillyl alcohol population levels. Nematode population levels were via vanillin, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid. sampled at 3-wk intervals and fungi isolated from Gallic acid and gentisic acid were also metabolized cysts. Over 70 different fungi were identified, in- to aliphatic products, but protocatechuic acid was cluding known pathogens of !. glycines and soybean not detected as a metabolite of these compounds. (Glycine max). Eighty percent of the cysts from the low nematode population field and 64% from the high M. M. CARREIRO and R. E. KOSKE. Department of population field contained fungi. Predominant fungi Botany, University of Rhode Is1and, Kingston, RI, isolated from both fields were Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani. Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Paraphoma 02881. A psychrophilic Mucor from a temperate -- radicina, Verticillium chlamydosporium, and habitat. Exophiala pisciphila. Fusarium oxysporunl and P. radicina were the dominant species in the low Although soi 1 temperatures a few centimeters be1ow population field while F. solani and Stagonospora the surface seldom exceed 15O C in many temperate sp. predominated in the high population field. Sig- habitats, the identification and study of saprophyt- nificant differences in fungal species and frequency ic fungi which grow preferentially at low tempera- of occurrence between the two fields suggest that tures has received little attention. By using an fungi may play a role in limiting nematode popula- isolation temperature of o0 C many psychrophi lic tion growth in the first field. and psychrotrophic fungi have recently been isolated from the soil and litter of an oak-maple woodland in southern Rhode Island. Pmong these iso- KATHLEEN M. THOMSON CASON and R. T. HANLIN. Dept. lates is an undescribed psychrophilic species of of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Mucor. The fungus grows and sporulates well on ag- Athens, GA 30602 ar O0 C and lo0 C, but does not grow at tempera- Sporodochium development in Camptomeris leucaenae. exceeding 23O C. When incubated at 00 and 100 C on MYP agar, the white colony grows to a height of Sporodochium development in Camptomeris leucaenae 55 mn. Sporangia are silver-colored, spherical and (Stev. & Dalby) Syd. was studied using light micro- range from 190-490 um in diameter. Columellae scopy. Infected leaf tissue was fixed in formalin range from 106-360 x 89-215 um. Sporangiophores propionic acid, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, are erect and unbranched. Sporangiosvores are and stained with iron hematoxylin. During the early

25 period of time, i.e. species that can be established and streptomycin. on root systems and that will continue to colonize new roots for a period of years. In order to understand establishment and replacement it is suqqested The percentage of needles colonized by fungi was that tile problem be approactled in terri~sof succes- greatest from seedlings without a chamber enclosure. sional patterns, inoculum potential and host resis- Ozone treatments did not affect the degree of fungal tance. Unfortunately, little is kn::wn about these factors for even the lilost cornon of the ectomycor- colonization or the species composition during the first rhizal fungi. However, this approach indicates that year of study. as succession progresses and the ecto~nycorrhizal fungi become more specialized, techniques for arti- Dyby, S. D., see Kimbrough, J. W. ficial inoculation of these funai nust become increasingly refined with high regard given to the bioloqy of tile individual funoi. Tnese retinements K.J. DYKSTRA, E.J. NOGA and J.F. LEVINE. School of are oasically concerned wit11 elevating and main- Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, taininq inoculurn ~otentialsand reducino host resis- Raleigh, NC 27606. Morphological, Cultural and tance. The maintenance of high inoculum potentials Epidemiological Investigations of the Aphanomyces wi I l certainly be the most chal lenpinq aspect as it sp. Associated with Menhaden Ulcerative t.lycosis~~~). involves inoculum interactions with the soil microflora (antaqonisms), and the soil microfauna Low levels of salinity (2-6 po::ts-ger tiiotisand) are (grazing) and adaptations to soil abiotic factors. necessary for optimal growth and sporulation of an A.piianoniyc~sp. isolated from ulcers characteristic of Plenhaden Ulcerative Mycosis. During the spring Desaulniers, N. L., see Barr, D. J. S. and summer of 1984, salinity levels in our study area in the Pamlico River Estuary were low (0.0-10.0, Desmukh, S. K., see Jain, P. C., et. 41. mean of 3.5 ppt) compared to a 10 year average for the area. During this period, the prevalence of Dove, D. C., see Baldwin, M., et. a1 . MUM reached 802. Over the same months in 1985, the area had much higher salinity (6.3-13.7, mean of 10.6 ppt) with an associated disease prevalence G. L. DUREY. Department of Botany, Government Soys which peaked at 6: (mean of less than I:.). College, Sagar 470004 INDIA. Nutritional requirements Examination of several isolates of Aphanomyces of certain seed borne fungi of linseed. from diseased fish revealed only one which produced sexual structures. Oogonia and antheridia were 3n the basis of their more frequent association with formed readily on infected snakeskin in mediui stored linseed grains, eight fun$ including Aspergillus containing 4 ppt NaC1. Oospores were found 24 hours flavus -4. tamarii Penicillum notatllm Alternaria following the production of zoospores. Zoosporangia alternLta7curvularia' lunata, Papulaspora be., Flelmin- were characteristically branched rather than simple. thosporium tetramera and Fusarium culmorurn were Cultures incubated under identical conditions except investigated for their nutritional requirements. Out of for the omission of NaCl from the lnediuni sporulated 14 culture media tested, Czapek's 30x broth with yeast much more sparsely and generally at a later point extract was proved to be the best medium for the growth in time than those in salt-supplemented medium. of majority of test fungi. Good rnycelial yield was Eaiting experiments with snakeskin added to water obtained at the temperature of 30°c, pH 7.0-7.5 and samples from the Estuary system at the site of incubation period of 10-13 days. Sucrose proved to be collection have yielded no fungal isolates to date. the best carbon source. Out of four inorganic nitrogenous compounds, sodium nitrate and mtassium nitrate appeared quite favourable. Both the organic nitrogen D. 0. EBOH and J. F. HENNEN. The Arthur Herbarium, sources viz. asparagine ~ndpeptone also su~portedgood Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue growth of majority of test fungi. University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Reevaluation of Aecidium crassocephali Wakef. & Hansf. (Uredinales). Dunn, P. H.. see Durall, D. M. Field observations of Aecidium-like infections on Crassoce halum ineense C. D. Adams an3 Enilia D. M. Durall and P. H. Durn. USDA Forest Service, Fire SO* ~EhtZi~omwsitae-~eneeioneai Nsuklta, Nigeria in 1984-1986 susgested that they were Laboratory, 4955 CanyonCrest. Riverside, CA 92507. the same species. Microscopic observations of the Crassocephaluv rust revealed that some spores produced The effect of ozone on phylloplane fungi of Sequoia rnetabasidia and four basidiospores on permination, provin: that the rust was Endophyllum ~p. Comparison gigan tea. with herbarium specimens of & gynurae Petch, Ae. formosanum H. & P. Syd., & crassocephsli, a The effect of ozone exposure on phylloplane fungi of Endophyllurn emiliaesonchifoliae Nagraj et 81. showed the spores were morphologically identical. Rut Sequoia gi~antea was studied during a 2 month germination data are available only for E. emiliae- period in July and August of 1985. Seedlings were sonchifolise. The oldest validly published name among grown in the greenhouse for one year and then these species is &. gynurae but because germination dat? is lacking for its type specimen, and there is the transported to open-top fumigation chambers located in possibility that its spores could germinate either as true a Sequoia National Park meadow. The ozone treatments aeciospores or as teliospores, its correct Tenus cannot included: seedlings without a chamber enclosure and be determined. Such a name cannot he used as a basionym for the combination E, zvnurae. 'Ve propose those within enclosures exposed to filtered air, ambient as a solution to designate such Aecidi~llnnames as nomina ozone levels, ambient + 4 pphm ozone, and ambient + 8 dubis, and for all endo-forms of rusts to use onlv pphm ozone. Fungi were isolated by lacing washed specimens for which germination data are available as nomenclatural types. Thus, the correct nalne for our needles onto Malt Extract Agar with chlorotetracyclene rust would be erniliae-sonchifoliae. R. E. EDELMANN and T. M. HAMMILL. SUNY-Oswego Labor- T.M.FLYNN, O.K. MILLER and J.L. JOHNSON Dept. of Biology, atory for Ultrastructural Studies, SUNY College at VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Initial characterization of DNAs from Oswego, N.Y. 13126. Light and transmission electron Agrocybe praecox and its sibling specics. microscopy of nuclear behavior during zygosporogene- Agrocybe praecox (Pcrs : Fries) Fayod is a cluster of four morphologically sis in Mucor mucedo (Zygomycetes ; Mucorales). similar, but intersterile species found in north America and Europe. 'Thcsc intersterility groups can be dcscribcd as sibling species, sensu Mayr (1942). Attempts are underway to examine with newer tech- Obvious brown aversion zones or barrages arc scen whcn sibling species niques the "Mucor pattern" of nuclear behavior de- of A. praecox are confronted in the lab. This indicates some type of scribed by V. M. Cutter, Jr. in 1942. Mated cul- hcterogcnic or hctcrokaryotic incompatibility. If this is the cax, thcn tures of Mucor mucedo L. : Fr., NRRL 3634 (-) X iiRRL obligatc, positive assortive mating (like with like) will result. Disruptive 3635 (+) EgKt10 C with a photoperiod of 12 xlcction occurs whcn individuals with intcnncdiatcd charactcristics are h light alternating with 12 h dark. A variety of rcmoved from the gene pool. Agrocybe praecox may be undcr the influence of these factors, which in turn indicates a possibility for preparatory techniques was used for light microscopy sympatric spcciation. To indirectly address this possibility, DNAs are (LM). Specimens were fixed in 0.8% glutaraldehyde or characterized. Reassociation kinetics estimate the proportions of repetitive in a mixture of 2% glutaraldehyde and 2% formalde- DNA and dctcrmine the reaction conditions for hybridization expcrimcnts. hyde. Material with early stages of zygosporogenesis Also, DNAxDNA hybridization experiments are conductcd, including A. was post-fixed with 1%Os04; material with later zy- molesta as an outgroup, to estimate levels of complcmcntarity and ATm. gosporogenic stages was not treated with OsO4. Unos- Such comparisons can dctcct the amount of gcnornic change associated mified specimens were treated with propylene oxide to with mating incompatibility plus morphological similarity as xcn in A. remove unfixed 1 ipid globules and enhance observation praecox and its sibling spccies. Comparisons with a morphologically divergent species, A. rnolesia, can suggest thc amount of gcnomic change of nuclei. After gametangial septa formed, each gam- associatcd with mating incompatibility plus morphological dissimilarity. etangium was observed to contain an estimated 70-90 Thc preliminary results arc prcscntcd and discussed in light of mating nuclei. Pl asmogamy occurred with disappearance of rclationships, hcterogcnic incompatibility, and sympatric speciation. the fusion wall between gametangia. To the point of pl asmogamy , nuclei appeared generally sphaeroid. Af- ter plasmogamy, nuclei became enlarged and polymor- R. POGEL, University of Michigan Herbarium, North ophic. It is believed that karyogamy occurs during University Building, Ann Arbor, MI 4810 9. Distribution this stage, i .e., shortly after pl asmogamy. Nuclei of truffles and false-truffles in the Great Basin. in young zygospores (prozygospores) were seen with intranuclear microtubules assumed to be spindle micro- Very few published records exist of hypogeous fungi tubules. Autophagic vacuoles containing nuclei were occurring in the Great Basin of Western North America, observed, but their role is not understood at this an area of some 692,091 km2. A number of new records time. Attempts are being made to find synaptonemal from the widely scattered forests of the region will be complexes, indicative of meiosis. reported. The. occurrence of hypogeous fungi in these "forest islands" raises questions about the factors controlling the distribution of hypogeous fungi in the KEITH N. EGGER CRBF. Faculte de Foresterie Great Basin. Factors to be discussed include the presence Universite Laval. Quebec. CANADA. G1K 7P4. of suitable ecto-mycorrhizal hosts and the availability of mycophagous animals, especially rodents, for spore Substrate hydrolysis patterns of phoenicoid dispersal. (post-fire) Pezizales

Forty isolates of post-fire Pezizales were Freshour, G. D., see Barstow, W. E. tested for ability to hydrolyze amylose. amylopectin. gelatin. xylan, lipid. pectin. Freve, P., see Bourett, T. M., et. al. chitin, cellulose, and lignin. Isolates were also assayed for production of phenol C.F. FRIESE and M.F. ALLEN. Dept. of Biology, Utah oxidase enzymes: peroxidase. tyrosinase. me-rsity, Logan. UT 84322-4500. The role and laccase. Tests were conducted at pH of root architecture in mycorrhizal establishment. 5.5 and pH 7. The majority of isolates were able to degrade amylose, amylopectin. Root architecture of plants may influence the gelatin, and xylan. and were unable to establ ishment and persistence of YAM. Different utilize chitin. Cellulose. pectin, and plants have different root architectures and lignin utilization showed the least vari- architecture governs the density and direction of ation between isolates of the same species. root growth. Thus, architecture determines the Pectin utilization and phenol oxidase pro- potential number of YAM infection sites and the duction were strongly influenced by the pH location of those sites in a given soil volume. We of the medium. Tests were able to identify are currently comparing YAM establishment on two guilds of fungi associated with lignified distinct root architectures, a grass and sagebrush. and non-lignified substrates. Ability to The number of potential infection sites in a root utilize persistent substrates correlated system is proportional to its rooting density and well with the life-history characteristics of the species. The majority of post-fire 31 infection Pezizales appear to be opportunistic decomposers or weak pathogens. adapted to infect plants that were killed or injured sparse root system with YAM extending greater than 1 by the fire. m deep. The grasses maintain a dense root system primarily in the top 20 cn The grasses therefore Ennassih, S., see Bourret, J. A. have a higher percentage of infection units near the soil surface. As the major vector for spore Farnham, W. F., see Porter, D. immigration at our disturbed Wyoming site is wind, the incoming spores are deposited on the soil Farr, D. F., see Bills, G. F., et. al., a. surface. Thus we hypothesize that grasses wil 1 initiate more early YAM establishment, and will be Farr,D.F., seeBi1ls.G. F., et. al.. b. able to support a larger population of VAM fungi than shrubs. 27 beaches and salt marshes from sixteen locations from New England, the Southeast, the Pacific Northwest and Canada. The relationships between the species and the degree of genetic variability among the different populations was studied. Starch gel $ollowi.~gLI .i'~s:iy 57 S. Yi1:clsky in 13G1 in electrophoresis was used to analyze elcctromorph :1:1icn t hi2;ily eciCic :;~ii~etsi1in;;s were variation at presumptive structural loci. Fourteen :.~;inipillat..d to a i.lore hospitable pi:, loci were compared from eleven enzyme systems. previously barren spoils zit ;;in-.ral Point. Strains of D. salina from different localities had i,liscor~sin now su;~;)art aoderate vegetati ve similar electromorph patterns. Most strains cover. The soil and roots Procl nine identified as D. arenaria, however, differed from prevalent plants including Azrostie. -D. salina for acid phosphatase, alkaline hnbrosic. Achilles, Pooulus and Chenooodiuc~ pho*se, glucose phosphate isomerase, hexo- were collectsd throughout the growing kinase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. zeason. The roots were cleared and stsined Populations of D. salina were genetically similar accordin2 to the nethods 05 RorxaniL: and while some variation was found in the g. arenaria i:icGraw, 1302, a2d examined with light populations. Results indicate that D. arenaria nicroscopy for the presence of aycorrhizae. possibly arose from D. salina based on comparisons Zoots of nost plents were colonized with of the alkaline phosphatase loci. hyghae, vocicles and arbuscules oI vesicular-zrbuscular r.~ycorrhizae. ,.iycorrhizal s)ores from the rhizospheres 02 Gessner, R. V., see Schulz, R. W., et. al. seven plants including Anrostis, Achillue and Chenooodiui.1 were collected by sucrose J. L. GIBSON and G. L. BENNY. Department of Botany, centrifu;ation and identified. Soil sa1,lples University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Light froid both sites were collected two tii~es and Electron Microscopic Observations on Modicella duri~;~the ~ruwing season anti a.~alyzsti for malleola. nunbe: ZiiL ty,~e a: spores greseat. The genus Modicella was recently transferred from Fuller, M. S., see Roberson, R. d., the Endogonaceae (Endogonales ) to the Mortierellaceae (Mucorales). This study attempts to examine sporangia and sporocarpic hyphae of J.N. GEMMA and R.E. KOSKE. Botany Department. Uni- Modicella malleola in order to determine if versity of Rhode Island. Kingston, R.I. 02881. cytological or ultrastructural data may be useful in Observations on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fun- supporting or refuting this transfer. Dried gi in root organ culture. sporocarps of M. malleola collected in Claremont, California, were rehydrated overnight and portions Aerial germ-tubes from spores of the vesicular-arbus- examined using Nomarski differential interference .cular mycorrhizal fungus (VAM), Gigaspora gigantea, light microscopy (LM). Other portions of sporocarps have previously been shown to be affected by an un- were processed for and examined with transmission known volatile compound(s) from roots in whole plant electron microscopy (TEM). Both LM and TEM show culture. Root organ cultures provide a simpler ex- features of the sporangia, sporangiospores and perimental system and offer more control than whole sporocarpic hyphae that were elucidated previously. plant cultures. In addition TEM shows spore germ tube anastomosis within sporangia, and direct penetration of apparent Root organ cultures of tomato and other plant species aborted spores and the sporangiolar wall by spore were used to investigate the attraction of germ-tubes germ tubes. Ultrastructural details of sporocarpic of 5. gigantea to roots. Germ-tubes grew through the hyphae and septa are also discussed. air to contact suspended roots > 88% of the cultures. Solutions of potassium permanganate and potassium hy- J. L. GIBSON and J. W. KIMBROUGH. Department of droxide, placed in glass vials in the culture cham- Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL bers, significantly inhibited directional growth and 32611. Comparative Ascospore Ultrastructure of root contact. This suggests that germ-tube attrac- Selected Species of Helvellaceae. tion to roots is mediated by a combination of volatiles released by plant roots. Selected species in the genera Helvella, Gyromitra, Rhizina, Discina, and Wynella were examined with Contact of roots by germ-tubes led to a 160% increase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to in root growth. Since it is likely that increased characterize ascospore development levels of volatiles result from more roots, further ultrastructurally. Various cytochemical procedures germ-tube contacts are "encouraged" leading to an were used at the TEM level to further characterize amplification effect. This stimulation of root gro~ and contrast ascospore wall ultrastructure. occurred prior to infection (i.e. arbuscule formation including the thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate or hyphal coils). There is evidence from field stain for carbohydrates, and the barium permangante plantings that a dramatic increase in root growth post stain used to increase wall opacity. The occurs when VAM infection levels are less than 1%. results are compared with with data from similar studies conducted upon other families of operculate R. V. GESSNER, K. C. MICHAELIS, and M. A. ROMANO. Discomycetes. For each species examined the Department of Biological Sciences, Western I1 1inois development of primary, secondary and tertiary University, Macomb, IL 61455. Biochemical (ornamentation) layers is shown. The development of systematic differences between Dendryphiella these layers is correlated with cytological features arenaria and D. salina. in the ascospore epiplasm and perisporal sac from the earliest stages of primary wall development. The deuteromycetes, Dendryphiella arenaria and 2. salina, occur on macroalgae and plant debris in marine habitats. Strains were isolated from Gil bertson, R. L.. see Adaskaveg. 11. E., 2. - Gilbertson, R. L., see Adaskaveg, J. E., b. Grossman, L. I., see Bruns, T. D., et. al.

Gilbertson, R. L., see Adaskaveg, J. E., c. C. #. CF.LKN and 0. K. YILLEF., JP., Departrent of Gilbertson, R. L., see Adaskaveg, J. E., d. Biology, Vir~iniaPolytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburp, VA 24061. Endonlycorrhizal fungi on abandoned mines in the southeast. D. A. GLAWE and K. A. JACOBS. Dept. of Plant Path- ology, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801. Tax- Endmycorrhizal spores were collected fror the onomic studies on some species of Diatrypaceae. rhizosphere of herbaceous plants colonizint abandoned, unreclaimed copper, leed, pold and cosl Eutypella vitis and two strains of Diatrype stigma mines in southwestern Virginia and northwestern were cultured on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) under North Carolina. Roots were cleared and stained to fluorescent lighting with a 10-hr daylength and al- determine percent nycorrhizsl colonization. Glomus ternating temperatures of 15-20 C. Cryptosphaeria mosseae, g. claruw, an unidentified G1ou.u~sp. populina was cultured on PDA under fluorescent and Gigaspora margarita occurred abundantly in soils lighting with a 10-hr daylength at 15 C. Crypto- containing potentially phptotoxic levels of ccpper sphaeria populina produced sporodochium-like conid- and zinc. Percent colonization of roots was not iomata, or expanses of conidiogenous cells on black correlated with spore numbers and/or fungal species. stromatal crusts; filiform conidia were produced on The tolerance of specific taxa of endomycorrhizae sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells. for high levels of heavy retals is discussed in Eutypella vitis produced multichambered pycnidium- relation to hipher plant colonization of mine spoil. like conidiomata and conidiogenous cells that proliferated sympodially or percurrently; conidia were cylindrical and curved. An Indiana strain of 2. J. GUPTA, S. HARRIS and D. A. COl'TER. Dept. of stigma produced filiform conidia from percurrently Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, proliferating conidiogenous cells aggregated in Canada N9B 3Pb. Regulation of Dictsostelim sporodochium-like conidiomata. A Swedish strain of discoidem hhalase is by Compartmentation and -D. stigma produced conidia of variable length, con- Not by CAMP-Dependent Activation. idiogenous cells that proliferated percurrently, sympodially, or both ways, and both sporodochial and FungaJ trehalases can be classified into two groups, pycnidial conidiomata; when conidia were streaked on based upon their mode of regulation. One type is PDA they formed germ tube-like protrusions which characterized by an acidic pH optimum, high heat sometimes branched. Implications of these findings stability and is compartmentalized in vesicles. will be discussed. The second type is characterized by a neutral pH optimm, low heat stability and is regulated by a CAMP-dependent phosphorylation cascade. The yeast Glawe, D. A., see Carris, L. M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses both types of trehalases. Using it as a control, we have shown Glawe. D. A., see Carris, L. M., et. ale that the cellular slime mold Dictsostelim discoidem possesses a trehalase regulated by com- Goetz, S. G., see Grimes, H. L., et. a;. partmentation. Trehalases from D_. discoidem are lysosomal enzymes with acidic pH optima and isoelectric points of less than 2.5. Under conditions H. L. GRIMES, S. G. GOETZ and J. M. UPADHYAY. in which activatable S. cerevisiae trehalase levels Loyola University, New Orleans, LA 70118. A new could be increased 2 to 5-fold by a CAME'-dependent isolate of a thermophilic mold from soil. reaction, trehalase from dormant spores and vegetative amoebae of discoidem could not be activat- A thermophilic mold which has the minimum and 2. ed. Based on these results, trehalases from D_. maximum temperatures for growth at 25O C and 55' C discoidem can be classified as compaxtmentalized respectively with an optimum of 50' C has been non-activatable types. isolated. It is dimorphic. Studies of the microscopic structures of this isolate grown on malt extract agar showed that the conidiogenous -R. E. Holling. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY structures are mono- and biverticillate. 10458. Relationships of some xerocomoid boletes to Phialides are smooth-walled, cylindrical with a Boletellus. swollen basal portion, and tapering to a distinct neck. The apical end of the neck shows a Traditionally, the presence of longitudinally orna- colarette. Conidia are hyaline, smooth-walled and mented basidiospores has been used to delimit of divergent morphology from globose to Boletellus from other genera of boletes. The use of cylindrical. They are borne singly or in this character has led to confusion about generic eurotiaceous chains. Chlamydospores are smooth, affinities of B. chrysenteron (ss. N. Amer. authors) thick-walled and borne singly. Our isolate also and B. zelleri, which have been placed by some possesses the perfect state. The teleomorph workers in Xerocomus. Light and scanning electron consists of orange yellow ascocarps which are microscopic studies show that the spores of B. irregular to globose. The asci are in clusters, chrysenteron and B. zelleri are finely longitudinally mostly oval, smooth, thin-walled and usually striate, reminiscent of Boletellus intermedius. The eight-spored. Ascospores are hyaline, smooth, existence of a continuum in degree of ornamentation thick-walled, and globose. The anamorph is among longitudinally striate-spored taxa argues similar to Paecilomyces variotii Bainier which against the restriction of Boletellus to species with does not have a known teleomorph. In our isolate, coarsely winged spores, and suggests that B. zelleri the teleomorph, growth pattern, and color and B. chrysenteron may be better placed in development on various media are different from Boletellus. The important distinction between those in Talaromyces. Hamigera, Byssochlamys, and Xerocomus and Boletellus in terms of spore ornamen- Thermoascus. Hence, it is suggested that a new tation should be the presence or absence of longi- genus be erected for this perfect state. tudinal ornamentation rather than the degree thereof. 29 T. M. HAMMILL, C. J. K. WAiqG, and N. A. ROTHENBERG. had fused with each other at the cyst periphery. SUNY College at Oswego, N.Y. 13126 and SUNY College No abnormal wall thickenings were evident. The of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, effectiveness of chlorotetracvcline in the inhibi- N.Y. 13210. Conidiogenesis in Basifimbria succin- tion~of qerm tube production jndicates that calcium eum (Hyphomycetes) . may function in the movement of dictyosome derived - vesicles to hyphal tips and in the structural Conidiogenesis in the hyphomycete, Basifimbria suc- integrity of the dictyosome. cineum (Massee & Salmon) Seifert & Kendrick, was studied by 1ight microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Colonies were grown on 18% V-8 J. A. HENDLER and T. M. HAMMILL. SUNY-Oswego Labor;- Juice agar at 20 C. Conidia of B. succineum were sub- tory for Ul trastructural Studies, SUNY College at spherical to oval, and appeared conspicuously rough- Oswego, N.Y. 13126. Light and electron microscopy ened with short spines. Conidial spines were elec- of the effects of potassium permanganate on develop- tron-opaque and continuous with the electron-opaque ment in Mucor mucedo (Zygomycetes; Mucorales). outer wall layer of conidia. Conidial initials formed by a holoblastic process, and the spiny roughen- --Mucor mucedo L.: Fr. (Hammill Culture No. 218-72) ings appeared very early. Once conidial initials in- produces spherical, mu1 ti spored sporangia typical of flated to the approximate size of mature conidia, a members of the Mucoraceae. During studies of spo- septum was formed across the neck of each conidial rangiosporogenesis in that culture, it was noted initial. In some cases, two or three septa were seen that colonies were able to renew growth in Petri at that location. Conidia-delimiting septa developed dishes which had been flooded with 1% KMnOq as part an electron-opaque wall layer, and became thickened of a fixation procedure for TEM. However, regrowth as conidial walls thickened centripetally. Conidia was characterized by an interesting developmental were multinucleate, and contained numerous lipid abnormal ity, the repeated production of aborted spo- globules. Conidiogenous cell s pro1i ferated sympod- rangial initials in a sympodial sequence. Sporangial ially, producing an elongated conidiogenous region initials failed to cleave, and sporangiophores pro- with numerous conidia in lateral positions on the liferated sympodial ly, leaving the walls of empty conidiogenous cell. Nomencl atural imp1 ications of initials in lateral positions on sporangiophores. this research will be discussed, Ultimately, terminal sporangia formed and contained normal spores. To investigate this further, controlled experiments were done with KMn04 added in Hamnill, T. M., see Edelmann, R. E. various concentrations to 3% malt extract ?gar (MEA). Final concentrations of KM04 in MEA ranged from Hammill, T. M., see Hendler, J. A. 0.0025 M (ca. 0.05%) to 0.06 M (ca. 1%). Incubation of cultures was at 20 C in continuous dark or in al- Hanlin, R. T., see Thmson Cason, K. M. ternating periods of 12 h dark and 12 h light. On colonies grown in continuous dark, aborted sporangi- Harrington, T. C., see Rizzo, D. M. a1 initials appeared at a KMO4 concentration of 0.0025 M. Colonies grown in 12 h dark : 12 h light Harris, S., see Gupta, J., et. al. first showed the effect at 0.005 M KlhO4. Aborted sporangial initials were most abundant at concentrations of 0.01 M and 0.02 14 KMnOq. Even at 0.06 M E. F. HASKINS and M. D. McGUINNESS. Department of KMnOq, aborted sporangial initials were observed, Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. although they were reduced in size. Light and electron microscopical studies on Echi nostel ium arboreum. Hennen, J. F., see Eboh, D. 0. Light, SEM and TEM micrographs showing the proto- plasmodia1 and sporangial habit, the capilli tial Hennen, J. R., see McCain, J. W., et. al. and the spore characteristics of r. arboreum, will be presented. These data were collected from HENRY R. HENNEY, JR. University of Houston, specimens of E. arboreum in agar culture. Department of Biology, Houston, TX 77004.

Haskins, E. F., see McGuinness, M. D. Metabolic basis of adenine-induced inhibition of encystment of Physarum flavicomum. Haskins, E. F., see McGuinness, M. D., et. al. Incubation of haploid cells of Physarum flavicomum under usual encystment conditions but in the pre- D. E. HEMMES AND C. L. LEIALOHA. Biology Disci- sence of adenine results in the pronounced inhibi- pline, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI tion of microcyst formation and leads to loss of 96720. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission metabolic control and significant autolytic cell electron microscopy of chlorotetracycline inhibited death. There is an inverse relationship between cysts of Phytophthora palmivora. the concentration of exogenous adenine and the ability of the cells to encyst. The adenine inhi- Chlorotetracycline (1 x 10-31'1) inhibits germ tube bited cells contain increased levels of S- production in cysts of Phytophthora palmivora. adenosylmethionine (SAM) compared to cells After 30 minutes of incubation in the inhibitor, undergoing normal conversion to microcysts. An intense chlorotetracycline-fluorescence was local- inhibitor of SAM synthetase alleviates the ade- ized in spots at the periphery of the cysts in nine - induced inhibition. Certain exogenous what were interpreted as sites of prospective polyarnines (PA) and inhibitors of PA formation germ tube production. Thin sections of inhibited also influence the encystment events and can cysts viewed by transmission electron microscopy reverse the adenine - induced inhibition. This is showed that dictyosomes near the nucleus had dis- evidence that SAM - related metabolic fluxes are intearated into masses of vesicles and membranous intimately involved in controlling the differen- whorls during inhibition. No traces of organized tiation events. SAM is the methyl donor in dictyosomal cisternae remained. Hyphal tip vesicles transmethylation reactions and the arninopropyl 30 donor for the forrnation of PA. Patterns of macro- 0. HILBER and 0. K. MILLER, JR., Department of molecular synthesis during the above incubation Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State conditions will also be discussed. University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Observntions on the American species concept in the genus Pleurotus.

M. K. HENNEY*, T. C. MOLINA*, D. L. PIERSON+, AND Several strains of Pleurotus ostreatus sensu latu occurring mASAJohnson Space Center, Biomedical in different ecotypes in the United States have been Laboratories Branch, Houston, TX 77058, *Northrop mated and studied morphologically. Interfertility tests Services, Inc. Monitoring of the microbial load of with the European P, ostreatus, P, pulmonarius and P, 10 Houston homes over a 12 month period. cornucopiae have been carried out. The results are discussed in relation to the above European tnxa. Some Space Station will serve as a small closed envi- additional information is provided in regard to ronmental system with a limited ability for the nomenclature. removal of ai rborne microbes. Establ ish~nent of requirements for the levels of microbial contami - nation that will exist in this closed environmen- Hinchee, A. A., see McGuinness, M. D., et. al. tal system is essential. Ten homes were monitored for a period of 12 months to better understand the Hinton, D. M., see Bacon, C. W. environmental impact of everyday living and aid in the establishment of allowable standards for the W.E. HINTZ, J.B. ANDERSON, P.A. HORGEN. University Space Station. A portable, self-contained Heuter of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga Ontario, centrifugal air sampler was utilized to collect , all air samples. Six sites from each of the homes L5L 1C6. Physical mapping of the mitochondrial genome of Aparicus bisporus. were monitored every other month for one year. Trypticase Soy Agar strips were used to monitor Total DNA extracted from a commercial strain of for the bacteria and Rose Bengal Agar strips were Agaricus bisporus (C4) was separated into two frac- used to monitor for the fungi. All air strips tions (mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA) by bis- were quantitatively and qua1 itatively identified benzimide cesium chloride buoyant density centri- for bacteria and fungi. The predominating bacte- fugation. The AT- rich satellite DNA and DNA iso- rial isolates were Gram positive cocci and Gram lated from DNAase treated mitochondria had the same positive rods. The predominating fungal isolates restriction patterns indicating that the satellite were Cl adosporium spp. However, Aspergi 11 us spp DNA is mitochondrial in origin. Summation of the were isolated from every home at every sampling restriction fragment sizes gave a mt DNA size of period. The mean bacterial count per sample site 98.3 k 2.4 kilobases. The genome was too large to was 1. x103 CFU/~~and the mean fungal count was t map using conventional single and double restrict- 4.2~10 CFU/~~.The data obtained frm the study ion mapping strategies. Each of 19 Bam HI mt DNA was statistically analyzed for variability within fragments were cloned into the plasmid vector each home as well as the variability between the pUC 18. Clones carrying mitochondrial sequences homes. The results obtained in this study are were identified by colony filter hybridization with compared with those appearing in the literature. 32~-labelled mt DNA. Mitochondria1 DNA was digest- ed with all combinations of Bam HI, Eco RI , and B. A. DANIELS HETRICK. Department of Plant Pvu 11, electrophoresed into 0.7 % agarose gels, Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan. KS and Southern blotted onto Genescreen. These blots 66506. Interactions of Elycorrhizal Fungi and Other were sequentially probed with 32~-labelled mt clones Microbes. to physically map the genome. Gene probes from Neurospora crassa were used to map the positions of Interactions be tween nitrogen-fixing microbes, cytochrome oxidase I and 11, cytochrome b, and the hyper-parasites, or plant pathogens and mycorrhizal 25 S and 19 S ribosomal MAS. The mt genome of fungi have been studied intensively; however, the -A. bitorquis (Ag 8-1) is currently being cloned and effects of other indigenous microflora on mycorrhiza'~ mapped to compare genome organization between these plant growth are poorly understood. Dramatic growth two species. responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been demonstrated in sterilized soils, but such H. H. HO. Department of Biology, State University benefits are frequently absent or erratic in non- of New York, NY, 12561. Phytophthora cryptogea,vs sterile soils. Using the growth of big bluestem Phytophthora drechsleri (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), a native tallgrass prairie plant, as a model system, we observed less Phytophthora drechsleri was erected by Tucker plant growth in nonsterile prairie soil with or with- (1931) to distinguish from P. cryptogea Pethyb. & out additional mycorrhizal inoculum than occurred in Laff. primarily because of its ability to grow well sterilized prairie soil, to which mycorrhizal fungi at 35O~. Other researchers later noted that p. have been added. Mycorrhizal growth response appears drechsleri could be further differentiated from to be suppressed by soil 'microorganisms in ilonsterile P. cryptogea by its occasionally homothallic soil since addition of even 10% nonsterile soil to - behavior, larger oogonia and larger, more elongate sterilized soi1 reduced plant growth and mycorrhizal sporangia with tapered base. root colonization. In contrast. addition of certain A comparative morphological and physiological study soil bacteria and fungi other than mycorrhizal fungi of 19 isolates of p. cryptogea and 11 isolates of to sterilized soil resulted in significantly greater P. drechsleri (includinq the type and/or authentic plant growth than achieved in sterilized soil - is isolates) from the American Type Culture Collection alone. Thus, soil microbes appear to alter mycor- revealed that while some isolates could be readily rhizal plant growth response while also slightly recognized as "typical" p. cryptogea or p. improving nonmycorrhizal plant growth. The drechsleri, most possess certain diagnostic mechanisms and specific microorganisms responsible features of both species. Growth at 35O~., alone for these phenomena are st'l'. 5e:.ag stt~dicc!. or in combination with other criteria, could not separate these isolates into two distinct species. PATRONIZE THE MSA SUSTAINISG MEMBER.': It appears most practical at this point, to merge 3 i -P. drechsleri with P. cryptogea which has priority Analysis of these shiros has begun, and includes: 1) and the species description be modified marking the position of fruiting bodies, 2) examin- accordingly. ation and mapping of the soil profile, 3) horizontal A numerical taxonomic analysis of these isolates mapping and distributional correlation of mycel ia, is under way to determine objectively if such and 4) calculation of fruiting body productivity. merging can be substantiated by phenetic These studies will continue for a minimum of three similarities. consecutive years. Ex~erimental treatment of lots and laboratory studies, based upon shiro analysis, are planned or Hoch, H. C., see Bourett, T. M., et. al. are in progress. Hoch, H. C., see Tucker, B. E., et. al. F.-S. HU and J. Clark. School of Biological Hopka, C., see Cavender, J. C. Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. 40506. Plasmodia1 aging and senescence in Physarum. H R. J. MEYER and P. A. HORGEN, kp:;tm~~~O!~ Botany, Erindale Campus, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Physarum polycephalum plasmodia grown as macroplas- Canada. Steroid hormone regulation of modia on agar display a determinate lifespan and secreted acid phosphatase in Achlva terminal senescence. However, plasmodia maintained sexua.l& E87. in shake culture as microplasmodia have an unlimit- ed growth potential which is apparently due to The steroid hormone antheridiol appears to continuous selection for non-senescing fragments in regulate the synthesis of a number of the microplasmodial population. Senescence is secreted proteins during male sexual believed to be due to the progressive production of d' ferentiation in a.Using nonfunctional organelles during growth. However, no or major morphological differences between [ sf Sl-methionine in YiYa labelling and SDS DNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found the mitochrondria of young, senescing or immortal that a group or polypeptides of 50-56 k~ plasmodia have been detected and thus the mito- decreased drastically in svnthesis in chrondria do not appear to be a major factor in response to antheridiol while a polypeptide plasmodia1 aging. Genetic analysis, of a mutant of 46 kD increased synthetically. Other variant which does not undergo senescence, indicates polypeptides, including one of relative mass that chromosomal lost has occured in this strain. 22 kD. change less drastically in response Also, this mutant does not display the high phospho- to antheridiol. Enzyme assays of the culture lipase D activity and diglyceride levels which are medium indicate a significant decrease in found in aging plasmodia. acid phophatase activity in response to antheridiol. A partially purified acid Hudspeth, M. E. S.. see Brws, T. D., et. al. phosphatase fraction was eluted from DEAE cellulose. Analysis of the fraction on Hudspeth, M. E. S., see Shunard, 0. S. denaturing SDS gels indicated that the fraction was greatly enriched for a 22kD Hudspeth, M. E. S., see Shunard, D. S. polypeptide as compared with the other media proteins. An area centered around 85-89 kD Irbe, R., see Henney, M. R., et. a1 was found to stain histochemically for acid . phosphatase on SDS gels under renaturation Jacobs, K. A., see Glawe, D. A. conditions, sugqesting that the native enzyme is tetrameric. Further analysis and purification of secreted Achlva acid P. C. JAIN, SX.. DESMUKH &S.CAGRAWAL, Mycology phosphatase is in progress. br Microbiology Laboratory, kpt. of Botany, Dr.H.S.Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470 Ou3 India. Horgen, P. A.. see Castle, A. J., et. a1 . A new species of Chry_spspo-r~~fran Indian Horgen, P. A., see Hintz, W. E., et,. al. soils. During the survey of Keratinophilic fungi Horgen, P. A., see Horton, J. S., et. al. fran soils of Piadhya Pradesh, India a new species of $hrysosporiim (UAMH 4436) was isolated from cattle farm soiTs using defatted human D. R. HOSFORD and H. OHARA. Biological Sciences, hair as Keratin bait. In liquid cultures it Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA, could hydrolysed 29.2% human hair in 30 days and Biological Sciences Dept. Doshisha Women's at 28' C. It could also grew well at 37OC. University Kyoto, Japan. This taxon typically forms numerous hyaline , aseptate, thin walled, sparsely rough walled, Shiro analysis of mycorrhizal fungi mostly obovoid aleurioconidia. 1.5-3.5 x 2.5-6 g~.Chlamydospores absent. The shiro, defined here as the soil microhabitat The fungus differs from Chrysqspori-yn anmrph which is influenced by mycel ial growth or m.vcorrhiza1 of A~Lhroderma erreyi Berk, C. pseud-wrdarium development, is considered to be a fundamental eco- van Oorschot, 5,- ca-~Lch~liivan Oo~ch-ot logical unit for studying mycorrhizal fungi. The in its high temperature tolerance. Keratinolylic Japanese through their study of the Matsutake shiro, nature, shape of conidia and other colony have developed management techniques which have re- characters. It also differs from C.. lobat-?- sulted in the enhancement of fruiting body product- Scharapov as the conidia not borne sychroiiously. ion. We have initiated similar shiro studies in the From all other known keratinolytic species forests of the Cascade Mountains. of eysospori~- this differs in conidial Shi ros of Armi 11aria_ ponderosa and re1 ated mycorr- mrpt-~olo.;;y. hizal fungi were selected in the fall of 1985. 32 A. J. Jaworski. Botany Dept. University of soil related to fertility. Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Messenger RNA in the zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii. F. Y. KAZAMA. Department of Biology, Southeastern Massachusetts University, North Dartmouth, MA Zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii contain mRNA 02747. Novel(?) mechanism of vacuolar membrane which is not translated until germination is induced. biogenesis in Rhizophydium sp. Translation of at least a portion of this mRNA is required for the emergence of a germ tube. Two All in vivo membrane assembly is thought to occur temporal classes of mRNA have been identified; GPRNA through the insertion of newly synthesized com- which is synthesized during the growth phase and an ponents into preexisting membranes. Hence, all LSRNA population produced during late sporulation. biological membranes should display both spatial At the zoospore stage, the classes of mRNA are and temporal continuity. Although the interpre- complexed to ribosomes and have completed the tation is tentative, our TEM data suggests that initiation steps of protein synthesis. GPRNA is vacuolar membrane assembly in the develoving bound exclusively to monoribosomes while LSRNA sporangia of ~hizoph~dium-sp. does not iivoive the synthesized during the final 30 minutes of insertion of components into complete, preexisting sporulation is bound exclusively to polyribosomes. membranes. LSRNA is implicated in germ tube production since a block in RNA synthesis during late sporulation also The earliest observed stage of tonoplast biogenesis blocka germ tube production. Factors responsible in the sporangia of Rhizophydium sp. consisted of a for the translation regulation of these two classes tubule. The wall of the tubule is interpreted to of mRNA are not understood. Studies on represent the cytosolic half of the future Blastocladiella emersonji zoospore mRNA indicate the tonoplast. The exoplasmic half of the membrane fungus is an ideal organism to study developmental is assembled in the interior of the tubule. Synthesis regulation involving the elongation events of of the exoplasmic side initially lags behind, and protein synthesis. follows, the assembly of the cytosolic half of the tonoplast. While the tonoplast membrane is being Johnson, J. L., see Flynn. T. M., et. al. assembled, the tubule expands into an ovoid sac with an electron transparent space developing Johnson, L. M., see Whisler, H. C. between membrane pairs. The vacuoles become spheroidal through the expansion of the electron Kaplan, A. M., see Wiley, R. J., et. al. transparent space.

Kaplan, D. L., see Wiley, 6. J., et. al. Keller, H. W., see Schoknecht, J. D.

Kapustka, L. A., see Alnold, P. T., et. al. Kendrick, A. S., see Padgett, D. E. Kassirn, M. Y., see Khaliel, A. S., et. al. A.S.KHALIEL, A.N.ABOU-HEILAH and M.Y. KASSIM, Botany Department, College of --G. L. Kauffman and J. C. Cavender. Department of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box Botany, Oluo University, Athens, OH 45701. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Effects of soil moisture and fertilization on dictyostelids in an S.E. Ohio agricultural field. Analysis of the fruiting bodies of Podaxis pistillaris (L. express) Morsse. Five indigenous cellular slime molds: The approximate main composition of wild Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum, D, giganteum, D, edible Podaxis istillaris in Saudi Arabia aureo-stipes, Polysphondylium pallidum and I1, was determined wurecontent violaceum were inoculated on tilled beds differing 75.95%, total nitrogen 4.98%, total in fertilization treatments: leaf mold, compost, protein averaged 21.81%, true protein soluble NPK (6-24-24) and untreated. In addition, 34.90%, total carbohydrates 18.50%, total each of these fwr had a watered and unwatered lipids 2.25% and ash content 12.37%. The regime. An adjacent old field and woods were also quantities of desirable minerals (K,Na,Fe, sampled seasonally. The watered fertilized beds Mg, Mn, Ca and Zn) and undesirable mineral showed significant increases in total propagules content, (Pb and Cd) were determined. compared to the unwatered fertilized beds. Seventeen amino acids were identified and Organic amendments produced increases in slime quantified, most of the essential amino mold density over the commercially fertilized and acids were found to be present. Also, the untreated beds in the respective watered and main constituents of P.pistillaris were unwatered treatments. mere was also a compared with the common vegetables to significant density increase in the watered reveal its true significant nutritive organically amended beds over the old field and value. woods. Active amoebae percentages were higher in the woods (60%) compared to the old field (45%) and tilled beds (30-40%). Based on data of per J. W. KIMBROUGH. Department uf Eatany, cent frequency and absolute density D, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. sphaeocephalum and & giganteum were the dominant 32611. Arguments towards restricting the species on the tilled beds and old field. Forest limits of the Pyronemataceae (Pezizales, soil had the greatest diversity of dictyostelid Ascomycetes) . species with P, pallidum and P, violaceum dominating while D, sphaerocephalum and !& Although the Pyronemataceae was proposed as giganteum occurred in their lowest numbers here. a family of operculate discomycetes in the Cellular slime molds were demonstrated to have a late 19th century, it had been abandoned positive relationship to organic matter and until 1968 when both American and European moisture, two important agricultural properties of mycologist began again to use it. There are 33 widely different concepts as to the limits anthesis, aseptically sectioned and plated. The of the family, however, with from one to fhgus was present in 20-58% of the bolls, generally more than 60 genera included within it. A with the colonies centered on or near the developing series of ultrastructural and microchemical seeds. Other sets of bolls were inoculated in the studies of asci, septa, and spores, support- same manner and allowed to mature fully (60 days ed by traditional developmental and morpho- after anthesis) either in the field or in sterile logical features, suggest that the Pyronema- bags in an insectary. Seeds from these bolls were taceae should be restricted to a few genera. delinted and surface-sterilized. Only 3-14% of These genera are characterized by gymnohymen- these bolls contained 4,. flavus in the seeds. ial apothecia that arise from clusters of -.Aspergillus flavus is present in developing cotton paired ascogonia and antheridia, asci with bolls before dehiscence, but its presence does not opercula that develop through changes in the assure infection of mature seeds. exoascal wall, and ascal septa1 pore plugs that differ considerably from those of other families of Pezizales. These characters, Kohlmeyer, J. J., see Schatz, S. although dissimilar to those of other families of operculate discomycetes, are very Korf, R. P., see Zhuang, W.-Y. comparable to those of certain groups of Plectomycetes. The phylogenetic significance Koske, .R. E., see Carrei ro, M. M. of these data will be discussed. KOSKE, R. E. Department of Botany. University of Rhak 3. W. KIMBROUGH and S. D. DYBY* Department of Island, Kingston, RI., 02881. Glomus faCciculatum Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL described. 3261 1, and *Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712. Comparative Ultrastucture Glomus fasciculatum is probably the VAM fungus most of Ascospore Development in Peziza species. frequently reported in soil surveys and most often used in pot culture studies. Thaxter's original des- Recent data suggest that Pezizales may be closely cription was informally emended twice, once by Gerde- related to Tuberales and possibly certain mann (1965) and later by Gerdemann and Trappe (1974). Plectomycetes. This presentation characterizes Subsequent studies have shown that $. fasciculatum microchemically and ultrastructurally the ontogeny sensu Gerd. & Trappe included several distinct spedeg and nature of spore wall development in selected some of which have since been segregated from the 5. Peziza species. Scanning electron microscopy and fasciculatum "complex" (e.g.. 5. deserticola. C. %- transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the latter gregatum, and 5. g).Examination of specimens of combined with thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate, -G. fasciculatum from the U.S. and the type locality barium permanganate, and uranyl acetate-lead citrate in Canada have reaffirmed the validity of Gerdemann's post staining procedures, and chitinase digestion, 1965 interpretation of the species. G. fasciculatum were used to analyse ascospore walls. Primary is characterized by pale yellow to paie yellowish- ascospore walls are electron translucent with all brown spores that are globose or slightly longer than post stains used and composed of beta 1,3 glucans. broad, 50-85(-100) x (27-)55-85(-110). The spore wall The epispore is initiated by the deposition on the structure consists of three walls, an outer hyaline primary wall of isolated, electron opaque clumps wall <2 um thick, a laminated wall 6-15(-20) vm thick. which subsequently expand, coalesce, and eventually and a membranous inner wall 1 vm thick that stains form a multi-banded layer. Staining properties red-brown in Melzer's reagent. The innermost wall is indicate the presence of complex carbohydrates in very difficult to see in fresh, unstained specimens. the epispore . The spore ornamentation layer arises The subtending hypha is relatively broad, measuring from deposition of material from the perisporic 9-17 um across, and the thickening of the middle wall zone. Staining and digestion procedures indicate nearly occludes the pore at the point of attachment. that the ornaments consist of a matrix of lipids, Glomus fasciculatum sensu strict0 is not as common as protein, glycoproteins and chitin. The significance published reports suggest, and many citations of this of these data for the purpose of comparison with species are referable to other species in the 5. fas- other families of the Pezizales, Tuberales, and ciculatum complex. Species that may be misidentified Plectomycetes is discussed. as 5. fasciculatum include G. aggregatum, 5. deserticola, G. invermaium. G. fuegiana. 5. hoi. Sclerocys tisrubiformis. and several undescribed species. Kimbrough, J. W., see Benny, G. L., et. al. -

Kimbrough, J. W., see Gibson, J. L. Koske, R. E., see Gemna, J. N.

Kish, L. P., see Benny, G. L.. et. al. RAJIV K. KIILKARNI. Hicrobiology Division, NPI llniversity of Utah Research Park. Salt Lake City, UT M. A. KLICH. USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research 841138. Center, P.0. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179. Aspergillus flavus in developing cotton bolls and t'annitol IJtil ization in Acremonium coenophialum its relationtontamination of mature seed. Acremonium coenophial urn. a fungus endophyte of Aspergillus flavus invades cotton plants and seeds tall fescue grass, exhibited two fold greater growth in the field and forms aflatoxin, a very potent in polyol (mnnitol or sorbitol) containing liquid carcinogen, in the seeds. This study was undertaken medium as compared to growth in medium containing to determine if A. flavus is present in developing the corresponding sugar (mannose or glucose) of the bolls and to assess the relationship between boll sugar alcohol. The pathway for mannitol utilization invasion and seed infestation. In two fields in in fungi involves the mannitol cycle. The first Arizona, cotton flowers were dusted on the involucral enzyme in the pathway. mannitol dehydrogenase nectaries with spores of Aspergillus flavus. Devel- (EC 1.1.1.138). was assayed spectrophotometrical ly. oping bolls were harvested 25 and 35 days after Cell free extracts were incubated with manni to1 and 34 NADP, and enzyme activity was monitored by recording Liberta, A. E., see Benjamin, P. K., et. al. the change in absorbance at 340 nm. Optimum pH for enzyme activity was 8.0. The apparent Km for mannitol was 65mK and that for NADP was 0.15m?l. In W. L. LINGLF~,D. PORTER' end D.J . 01KAN~~. addition to manni to1 , other pol yo1 s including Fertments of Rbteny end Biocnemistry , arabitol , sorbitol and xyl it01 were also oxidized. University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. The order of reactivity was mannitol >arabitol > Two Rioluminescent Morphological Forms of sorbitol > xyli to1 . The data in this study indicates Penel lus stvoticus. that mannitol utilization probably occurs via the manni to1 cvcl e . Panellus stv~ticusproduces ebnormel fruiting bodies under Low level illuminetion. These have substantially reduced pi Lei and stipes which ere --DEBORAH M. -LANGSAM, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of greatly elongated compared to the normal pleuro- North Carolina - Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223. toid form. The stipe frequantly branches result- Brevilegnia unisperma: redefining morphological ing in the formation of clavarioid structures. limits of the species. Although the ebnormal form frequently develops in the lsboratory on Logs incubated in terraria, it Twenty six isolates of Brevilegnia, approaching B. has elso been observed in field samples collected unisperma, were examined under a variety of culture in Georgia during the summer, fall end winter. conditions. A high degree of morphological The bioluhinescence emission spectre of the two variability and overlap was evident among hebits cannot be distinguished [hmax= 5?R nml, isolates. Phenotypic plasticity was also observed but the tissue distribution of Luminescence within individual isolates subjected to different differe between the two forms. Bioluminescence is culture conditions. These variations appear to restricted in the pleurotoid form to the bottom represent a morphological continuum which exceeds edge of the gills, e crescent of hyphee at the the previously defined limits for the species. The basal end of the gills, end occesionslly along the resulting expanded morphological limits of the outer edge of the pi leus. The stipe is never species render B. irregularis and B. diclina Luminescent. In the cleverioid form, harever, the taxonomically in~i~tin~uishablefrom 1. unisperma. stips is Luminescent in addition to the reduced Characteristics originally used to separate B. gi 11 tissues. The chei locystidia of the unisperma varieties unisperma and litoralis n& pleurotoid form end the euperficiel hyphse of the appear to be taxonomically insignificant. A Luminescent stipe in the clevarioid form contain recommendation is made to combine these four taxa elevated amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum under the single epithet, B. unisperma. with membrane-bound Lipoidel inclusions. These structures ere rarely found in non-luminescent tiseues. Supported by WSF grants DM3 85-12361 end L. P. LEHNEN, JR. and M. J. POWELL. Department of RRS 82-14960. Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056. K-body development in Saprolegnia ferax. Lingle, W. L., see O'Kane, D. J., et. al. Associated with kinetosomes of secondary zoospores of many saprolegniaceous fungi there is a single W.H. LIVm. Department of Botany and Plant membrane-bounded organelle with a highly structured Pathology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469. matrix, the kinetosome associated organelle (K-body). Barriers to infection at plant - plant interfaces: The origin of the K-2 body and its relationship with Mistletoes on trees. the K-1 body have been obscure and their functions are unknown. To elucidate the development of K- Mistletoes, parasitic plants belonging to the bodies, we have examined ultrastructurally families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, obtain water synchronous development of primary zoospores into and nutrients from their host plant. A few species germinating secondary zoospore cysts in Saprolegnia (primarily in the genus -1 can obtain ferax, using a modification of Holloway and Heath's photosynthate from the tree. Establishment of the (1977. Exp. Mycol. 1: 9-29) method. Cultures grown parasitic relationship begins with germination of in broth for 24 hr. are washed in dilute salts. Ten the mistletoe seed fol lowed by penetration of the hours later primary zoospores are released from tree bark by the seed's radicle or hypocotyl. synchronously produced sporangia and are induced to Rejection of the parasite by the host may occur at encyst by filtration.or centrifugation. Three hrs. this time. Mechanisms on how the host recognizes later up to 96% of material consists of secondary the invading parasite have not been clarified. zoospores which are induced to encyst and germinate Resistant reactions of trees invol ve formation of with the addition of nutrient broth. peridenns beneath the invaded tissue. In successful The development of K-2 bodies is apparently inde- infections, the mistletoe will begin to establish a pendent of K-1 bodies. K-2 bodies originate during functional interface to transport water and the first 30 min. of the primary cyst stage as nutrients from the host's xylem. coated vesicles fuse with the expanding organelle species also form an interface with the host's which at first contains only granular material. Later phloem for uptake of photosynthate. There is no the characteristic tubules appear in the matrix as symplastic connection between mistletoe and host the cyst passes through a series of morphological cells. Transport of materials between the two plant transitions into the secondary zoospore stage. To species occurs across a common apopl ast. understand chemically the significance of these changes, development is analyzed cytochemically with methods for identifying enzymes, lipids, proteins. PA-J,-LQPGE Center for Energy & and carbohydrates. Based on these observations a Environment Research, G.P.O. Box 3682, San functional role for the K-body will be postulated. Juan, P.R. 00936. Nutrient content of native vegetative mycelium and fruiting bodies. Leialoha, C. L., see Hmes. D. E. Nutrient content of vegetative mycelium is Levine, J. F., see Dykstra, M. J., et. al. used to convert fungal biomass estimates 35 to fungal nutrient pools, but most techniques. A polar ordination of the data from previous data are from mycelium grown in in situ methods indicates that groups of species culture. Vegetative mycelia were collected =cat different times of year while others occur from the surfaces of leaf litter and the independent of season. The significance of each interior of logs in a tropical rainforest, technique will be discussed. and analyzed for C, N, Ca, Mg, Na, P, and K. Fruiting bodies and spores were also analyzed. Concentrations of N and K in May, G., see Taylor, J. W. vegetative mycelium were lower than values reported for cultured fungi. This may be J .W.McCAIN J .R. MI TCIIE1.1., R .M. LOPEZ-FRANCO. and due to a higher proportion of dead hyphae J.F. HENNEN. The Art:hur Herbarium, Depi~rtment of in the field-collected material. Botany and Plant Pathology. Purdue Universir.y. Concentrations of other nutrients were West Lafayerte, IN 47907. Computerization 'I€ within the ranges reported for cultured Arthur Herbarium rust. fungus specimen label dill ;I. fungi, but calcium was highly variable. Nitrogen ranged from 24.0-61.1 mg/g; Mycologist: and plant. pathologists from around phosphorus 1.3-35.6 mg/g; and potassium the world, who need informat.ion about. t:axonomy , 1.7-9.6 mg/g dry wt. in vegetative hosts, and dist:.ribut:ion of rusr fungi (Urc- mycelium. dinales), call upon the cent:ury-old J.C. Arthur Herbarium, the world's largest actively-st"udied Lopez-Franco, R. M., see McCain, J. W., et. al. collection of t:hese economically critical plant. parasitic fungi. As rhc herbarium passes t.hc Luttrell, E. S.. see Roberson, R. W., et. al. 100,000 specimen level in the next: few years. specimen information retrieval will become cumber- some unless it. can be mechanized. In cooperarion ---R.T.LYNCH and 0.R.COLLINS. Dept. of Botany, Univer- with rhe National Fungus Collections at sity of California at Berkeley, 94720. Evidence for Beltsville, MD, cumpul.er programs were writt:c:n apomict-heterothallic conversions in a natural iso- to capture specimen label data. Initially, i?ntry late of Didymium iridis (Myxomycetes.) software was implemented acd tested on a DEC time-share RSTS compurcr at Purdue's Agricull ural A new isolate of Didymium irldis was collected from Data Network. Currenrly, the d;~t.;~basc!and program the leaf-litter of an oak-beech forest in Staten are being t.ransferred ro t.he Oracle database Island, New York (SI1.) 100 single-amoeba1 isola- manager running on a UNIX operat:ing syst.em for tions were obtained froin micro-dissection of migra- int radeptmental hardware. The Ravcneliaceae, ting amoebae. While 98 of 100 single-amoeba1 clones Uropyxidaceae, and che genera Cumminsiella. proved to be non-heterothallic and self-fertile. Hemileia, and Olivea were t.he first groups of 2 clone1 lines produced large amoeba1 colonies but rust fungi chosen for entry into the databilsc?. no plasmodia (these lines were designated SI1-1 and This work is supporred by NSF granr #BSR 8309541. SI1-2.) In sexual crosses involving all known mating types of the species, the cross-Eerzile clones yroved to be generalized out-crossers. Analysis of A.-C. MCGRAW. Argonne National tahoratory, single amoebae from the 71 generation provided Envirot~mental Research Divisior~, Argot~lie, IL evidence For 3 classes of progeny: Class A1 ccjn- 60439. Variability in morphology of spore progeny tained exclusively self-fertile amoebae, class 12 from single spore isolates of the Glomus contained exclusively self-sterile and cross-Fertile monosporumlmossaae complex. amoebae, and class 83 contained rc approximate 1:l mixture of self-fertile and self-sterile amoebae in Morphology of proRei1y of single spore or sporocarp the F1 generation. This type of "mixed" life history (SP) inoculations were compared for Glomus would have some obvious benefits in nature, 1) by monosporum Gerd. & Trappe (CMN) and C, mosseae eliminating the need for the establishment of two (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. -5 Trappe (CMO), two species complementary mating types on a new substrate (non- that can he morphologically indistinguishahle. heterothallic selection), and 2) by allowing for Tsolates obtained originally as noores from the out-breeding in a changing environment (hetero- Red Desert, WY, were propagated in a fumigated thallic selection.) native soi1:sand mix OII a sorghum-grass hybrid. A primary goal of our research efforts is to study Sorghum hicolor, (L.) Moench 5. sudanense (Piper) the genetics of apomixis vs. heterothallism and to Stapf. . var. G88F under the following controlled use this information to better understand the da ni-ht conditiol~s: 14:lO (hrs) light (500 lE species concept as well as the process of speciation m sf)a 2S:20°C, 50:61% relative humidity, in Didymium iridis. This work has potential applic- low to adequate moisture, and adequate soil ation to the entire class of myxomycetous ~hosphocys (P) and nitrogen (N) ( - 15 and - 30 organisms. P, N g , respectively) contents. By one year successful inoc~~latiorlsoccl~rred 70%. 40%, and 40% of the time for GMN, GMN-SP, ar~d GMO, ROBERT W. MARTIN JR. De t. of Biology, Marietta College, ~arietti,Utl 457g0. A comDarlson of respectively. Mean spore diameters ral~~edf rom samplinq techniques for the determination of 139.7-194.6 pm, from 155.3-186.1) m, and from seasonal activity of sapml egniaceous fungi. 163.0-178.6 ~nn, for GMN-SP, GMO, and MN, respectively. Increased stlccess of colonization Two southeast Ohio lakes were sampled for the and redr~ced morphological variahilty of CMN presence of saprolegniaceous fungi over a twelve compared with GUO call mean that spores from the month period. Collection areas were randomly chosen P~PIILA~~OIIWof isolates of CMN were formed more along 10 m portions of shoreline adjacent to syilchronously than those of CMOS ref lectir~g the 1ittoral zones. Collection of saprol egniaceous physiological status of the original single fungi was performed by returning lake water to the spores. An argumelll will he preser~ted that CMN is laboratory and by & situ sampling at the lake site. all arLiFact through aging of MO spores. Prel iminary resul ts idEate that many more species are collected by "in lab" sampling than by j,n situ McGuinness. M. D., see Haskins, E. F. 36 M. D. McGUINNESS, A. A. HINCHEE and E. F. HASKINS. Calostoma arid Subgenus Husseia. Taxa are assigned Department of Botany, University of Washington, to each and the world distributions of the species Seattle, WA 98195. Comparative ultrastructure of briefly discussed. the trophic protoplasmodial phase of Echinostelium minutum and Echinostelium coelocephalum. Miller, 0. K., seeBaldwin, M., et. al. The protoplasmodium of the Echinostel iales is characterized by its minute size, the formation of Miller. 0. K., see Gruhn, C. M. a single sporangium upon sporulation, the lack of reversible streaming and the presence of an external Miller, 0. K., see Hilber, 0. glycocalyx or slime sheath. The protoplasmodia of the two species of Echinostelium utilized in this Miller, 0. K., see Flynn, T. M., et. al. study also multiply actively by binary plasmotomy. The present study revealed the unique characteristic 4. M. MILLER. Argonne National T.aboratory, of a cytoplasmic cytoskeleton composed of both micro- Environmental Research Division, Argonne , IL tubules and microfi laments in the protoplasmodium of 60439. The survlval dynamics of beneficial both species. We postulate that the micytubular mlcrobes. component of the cytoskeleton is organized by amorphous, granular MTOCs with associated vesicular Studies ln whlch the propagule dynamics of an material. organlsm are addressed should consider those factors that Lnfluence productlon of propagules as well as those that influence senescence. When M. D. McGUINNESS and E. F. HASKINS. Department of organisms are partners in a symblotlc associatlon, Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. such as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, an Heterothal lism and multiple a1 lelism in Echinostelium lntegratlve research approach is required. That coel ocephalum. approach should be based on an understanding not only of the fungus, hut also Its hosts, the soils Genetical analysis of four isolates of Echinostel ium In which the mycorrhlzae grow, and associated coeloce halum demonstrate that all are heterothallic. as as T e nature of the mating system in each isolate is a climatlc factors. Our studies, well others, + lndlcate that ln addltion to host effects, one locus bi-allelic system similar to that of the molsture 1s a major controlling factor in other Myxomycetes thus far genetically analyzed. mycorrhlzal propagule survlval. These Plndlngs When tester clones of different mating types from each isolate were crossed in all possible pairwise can be extrapolated to help explain the combinations, protoplasmodia were produced by every variabf Llty encountered for the mycorrhlzal fungus propae;ule reserve occurring in soils of differing cross. These data establish that each isolate plant communltles and in turn for the response of possesses a unique pair of mating type alleles. The those communltles to disturbance. observation of heterothallism in these four isolates of E. coelocephalum represent the first report of a mating system in the order Echinosteliales. Further, C.W. MIMS and E.A. RICHARDSON. Department of the presence of multiple alleles at the mating-type Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacog- locus is the first instance of a multiple allelic doches, TX 75962. Ul trastructure of basidium and mating system in the Myxomycetes outside of the basidiospore formation in the plant pathogen fungus order Physarales. Exobasidium vaccinii.

McLaughlin, D. J., see Boehm, E. W. A. In this study both TEM and SEM were used to examine basidium and basidiospore development in Exobasi- McLa ugh1 in, D. J., see 0 'Donne1 1 , K. L. dium vaccinii (Fckl .) Woron., the causal agent of red leaf disease of the lowbush blueberry Vaccinium Meyer, R. J., see Horton, J. S., et. al. angustifolium Ait. Basidia of this fungus arise from a stroma-like mass of hyphae that develops in Michaelis, K. C., see Gessner, R. V., et. al. the intercellular spaces adjacent to the lower epidermis of the leaf. Basidia typically emerge from the leaf in small clusters by growing through or 0. K. MILLER, JR. and D. A. STETLER, Department of between the cells of the lower epidermis. The re- Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State mainder of the epidermis remains more or less in- University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Ultrastructural tact. Basidia typically bear from four to six thin- features of the basidiospores of Calostoma and walled basidiospores. These spores are banana- Husseia, Calostomataceae. shaped and usually measure about 4 pm by 12 Am. Each is initially one-celled and uninucleate but Basidiospore ultrastructure of the North American following a mitotic division a central septum de- species of Calostoma, Gasteromycetes, Tulostomatales velops so that the mature basidiospore is two-celled. has been previously reported by the authors (Myco- Basidiospores are capable of budding to form sec- logia 75:36-45). These species have an exosporial ondary spores or conidia that tend to accumulate on ornamentation consisting of reticulations and pits. the undersurface of the leaf. These spores are Husseia insignis Berk., the holotype of the genus, also capable of budding to produce additional has prominant echiculate spores as seen with the smaller conidia. light microscope. In addition, the fruiting body has an exoperidium which remains as a persistent annular ring. These characteristics appear to dif- Mims, C. W., see Richardso~, E. A. fer from Calostoma cinnabarina Desv., holotype of Calostoma. Evidence of both similarities and dif- Misra, -1. K., see Raisuddin. ferences in the wall structures of spores is presented from SEM and TEM observations and the mor- Mitchell, J. R., see McCain, J. W., et. al. phology of the fruiting bodies is compared for both genera. Two subgenera are proposed: Subgenus Yolina, T. C., see Henney, M. R., et. al. .F.-- MOONAN. .- .- - Dept. Plant Pathology, Univ. 2. Nuclear movement to the division site Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Perithecial accompanied by nucleus-associated cytoplasmic development in pnJ_oshaeta ~9aLicg. microtubules. 3. Predivisional nuclear anchoring at the divisional Perithecial ontogeny has been used as the site via spindle pole body-to-plasma membrane basis for several taxonomic schemes of astral microtubules. Pyrenomycetes. The development of 4. Spindle initiation and ca. 90° reorientation of the Coniochaeta nepalica, a soil inhabiting spindle at the division site during prometaphase- Pyrenomycete characteristic of the to-metaphase. A-horizon of oak-birch and oak-pine forests 5. Karyokinesis and postdivisional nuclear migration. in Long Island, NY was examined with light 6. Cytokinesis and postkaryokinesis nuclear anchoring microscopy. Fixation was in glutaraldehyde. via spindle pole body-to-plasma membrane astral Material was embedded and sectioned in microtubules. paraffin or plastic. Evidence indicates Tie possible functional significance of the three that the developing centrum contains both successive rnicrotubule arrays (cytoplasmic, astral, pseudoparenchyma and paraphyses, supporting spindle) will be discussed. the contention by Jensen (Mycologia 75: 1074-91. 1983.) that ". . .it now appears that perithecial developmental patterns in V. W. OGUNDERO. Deprtment of Botany and the taxa represented by the Xylaria, Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Sordaria and Diaporthe centrum types are Crown-rot fungi of Nigerian bananas cv. Robtlsta and variations on the same basic theme". their importance in pathogenicity.

WETH MORGAN-JONES and JAMES F. WHITE, JR., Eight phytopathogens were obtained from crown-rot Department of Plant Pathology, Auburn University, diseased portions of Nigerian bananas, cv. Robusta. The Auburn, Alabarca 36849 and Department of Botany, prevalent fungi were Collectotrichum ,musae (Berk. & University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713. Curt) von Arx, Botr odi lodia theobromae (Pat) and Fungal endophytes of pasture grasses. Ceratocysti; parad* Moreau. Pathogenicity tests at 30 C and five days of incubation gave disease To date fungal endophytes have been shown to occur in severity of 2426, 16% and 10.4% respectively. The fungi the following genera of grasses; Agrostis L., Bromus grew best at 25O~- 30'~ and produced in vitro L., Cinna L., Elymus L., Festuca L., Hordeum L., extracellular amylases, cellulases, xylanases, pectate Lolium L., Pea L., Stipa L., and Sitanion Raf. The lyase, poly~alacturonase, lipases and proteases. The rnajority of these have been isolated from their host probable roles of these enzymes in pathogenicity are and grown in pure culture. Morphological similarities discussed. are exhibited between their hyphal phases in vivo, and mycelial form in vitro. The taxonomic identity of Ohara, H., see Hosford, D. R. most of these isolates is not known however. Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams and Acremonium typhinum Morgan-Jones and Gama [the anamorph of F. Okamoto-Nishida and Don R. Reynolds. Epichloe typhina (Fr.) ~ul.]have been: isolated often Natural History Museum, 900 Exposition from a number of grasses and Acremonium loliae Latch, Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007. Christensen and Snmuels has been described from Lolium Mycological work in the neotropics. perenne L. Two isolates of particular interest are reported from Festuca arizonica Vasey; one is closely A survey was made of mycological activity similar to A. coenophialum, the other is being desc- in the neotropics by responses from ribed as a new species, Acrernonium huerfanum White, active workers and from available Cole and Morgan-Jones. The distinguishing features of literature. Estimates are made of the the four presently known taxa are presented together extent of fungal collecting in with data on distribution and host-endophyte relation- geographical regions and of systematic ships. knowledge of various fungal groups. A comparison is made betwen the approaches of current mycologists and their Morselli, 14. F., see Whalen, i.4. L. predecessors. Recommendations are made for future mycological activity. Moser, J. C., see Blackwell, M., et. al.

Mueller, G. N.. see Shih, L., et. al. 02. O'KANE~,J.E. WAMPLER' and W.C. 1-1 GLEb . neoertments of ~lochemistrye and Rotany P , Noga, E. J., see Dykstra, M. J., et. al. Ilniversi ty of Georgia, Athens, GA 30502. Localization and Spectral Fi 1tering of the Rioluminescence of Onr~h~llotusilludens. K. L. O'DONNELL and D. J. McLAUGHLIN. Department of Botany, University of Minnesota, St. The '?lack-0' I-antarn" mushroom Om~hallotus i 1 ludens Paul, MN 55108. Spatial control of nuclear and cell is bioluminescent, division in phragmobasidiate fungi. Light being emitted by the gill tissue but not by the hymenial, stipe or pileus tissues. The luminescent gi 11 tissue is sub- Ultrastructural studies of the repeating and spores stantial and is Located on the bottom half of the basidial freeze-substituted members the stages of of gi 11. This differs considerably from the distri- Ustilaginales (smuts), Tilletiales (bunts) and Uredinales bution of Luminescence in Panallus stvpticus. (rusts) reveal that these distantly related Luminescent mycelium was observed on senescing phragmobasidiate taxa share similar morphogenetic stioe tissue and in tissua cultures isolated from events during the division cycle. Six successive cell the stipe. The bioluminescence emission soactrum morphogenetic steps recognized: are of Om~haLlotusis variable: young specimens emit 1. Polarized tip growth and migration of cytoplasm, at a peak wavelength of ca. Snrl nm while older including translocation and replication of specimens emit m~ximallyat ca. 550 nm. QnpLal- mitocrondria. 38 is unique among bioluminescent fungi in tions of artificial seawater. Four isolates repre- having highly pigmented gi 11s. The absorption senting three genera and three species were subjected bend of the pigments ( 1 in & = 422 nml to combinations of four salinities and five temper- extends into the emission gend of bioluminescence. atures and the effects on respiration during an 18h Following correction for self-absorption, the treatment period measured using a Gilson differential bioluminescence emission spectrum is hypsochrom- respirometer. icelly shifted f > mex ce. 530 nm) end becomes similar to the in vivo emission spectrum of other Although results are as yet incomplete all isolates bioluminescent fungi. The pigments responsible demonstrated marked changes in oxygen utilization for the spectral filtering have not been identi- after salt treatnent the magnitude of which appears fied, but ere distinct from the chromophoric related to the combined effect of temperature and etromentin and the illudin mycotoxins present in salt concentration. All isolates did, however, this species. Supported by NSF grants DMB survive the 18h exposure period. 85-123fil end PCM 8248534 end NIH grant GM-28209. Palmer, J. D., see Bruns, T- D- O'Kane, D. J., see Lingle, W. L., et. 31.

.R.B.- - - - PEABODY- -.- - and D.C. PEABODY. Stonehill College, ---LAURITZ W. OLSON, Institute for Sporeplanter, 0. Parimagsgade 2D, North Easton, MA 02357 and Bridgewater State College, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Bridgewater, MA 02324. Haploid monokaryotic Genetic Studies of the Chytridiomycetes - past, present and basidiocarp tissues in five members of the future. Armillaria mellea complex.

Genetic studies of the Chytridiomycetes have been confined to the Viable spores and ethanol-fixed basidiocarps of genus Allomyces. Mendelian auxotrophic mutants as well as Mende- Armillaria mellea complex members were collected at lian female and male mutants and non-Mendelian male mutants have eight geographic localities within the northeastern been isolated (Opera Botanica 1984: 74: 1-92). The various techni- United States. Crosses among haploid monosporous ques used for the isolation of auxotrophic and sexual mutants will hyphae isolated from spores revealed that Armillaria be described. Using the techniques developed for the isolation of --bulbosa and four other intersterility groups were mutants of Allomyces it has been possible to isolate auxotrophic represented in this sample. Using spores to and developmental mutants of Blastocladiella emersonli. establish expected quantities of DNA within haploid Restriction endonuclease digestion of mitochondria1 DNA (mtDNA) cells, fluorescence microspectrophotometric from various species of Allomyces and isolates of the same species measurements of stipe hyphae fell within the haploid have revealed a high degree of mtDNA heterogeneity among species range at all eight geographic isolates. Haploid and also among isolates of the same species. Spontaneous genomic monokaryotic basidiocarp tissues are unexpected in rearrangements of the mtONA occur very rapidly in Allomyces. mWNA Basidiomycetes, and may indicate the existence of a polymorphism is not reflected by the gene maps where the gene new pattern for the distribution of genetic material order is the same. Southern hybridization with nuclear rRNA genes among somatic cells. shows that strains with similar mtDNA restriction fragmentation patterns also have nuclear rRNA restriction fragments of similar size. Peabody, D. C., see Peabody, R. B. Interspecific fusions of cells of A, nacrogynus and A. arbuscula Pekkala, D., see Silver, J. C., et. a1 have been produced. The fusions are between zoospore-zoospore, . melospore-melospore and male and female gametes fused to zoospores Perry, T. J., see Blackwell, M., et. al. or meiospores. The fusion technique will be described. The cell fusions give rise to both heterokaryons and nuclear hybrids. The Perry, T. J., seeBridges, J. R. mtDNA of the fusion products show a restriction fragmentation pattern identical or similar to one of the parental strains or a Petsche, D. M., see Anderson, J. 0. recombinant pattern. The technique used to produce coll fusions of Allomyces can be used with related fungi. Other members of the Chytridiomycetes which on the basis of their D. H. PFISTER and J.. Farlow Herbarium, life cycle appear suited for genetic studies will be dlswsed and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138. Early Myco- the problems which may be encountered with such new organisms will logical Literature Project. be described. Because of changes in the International Code of D. E. Padgett and A. S. Kendrick. Department of Botanical Nomenclature affecting Article 13, the Biological Sciences, The University of North nomenclatural "starting points" for fungi have been Carolina at Wilmington, 601 South College Road, altered. For those names not included in Fries's Wilmington, NC 28403. Effects of salinity and Systema mycologicum or Persoon's Synopsis Methodica temperature interaction on respiration of Fungorum, the changes have opened a large body of saprolegniaceous fingi. literature not previously searched systematically by mycologists. We will report on a project to prepare Previous investigations in this laboratory have sug- a technical bibliography and index of binomials from gested that saprolegniaceous fungi may be signifi- pre-Friesian mycological literature. cantly more tolerant of estuarine salinity stress than was previously suspected. Despite the demonstrated ability of selected species to propagate Pierson, D. L., see Henney, M. R., et. al. under simulated estuarine tidal flux regimes or to withstand exposure to full-strength seawater for 48h, however, we had no estimate of their levels of metabolic activity under such conditions.

The present investigation was initiated to measure the aerobic respiration rates of selected species before and after treatment with various concentra- 3i' T. S. PITTMAN and R. W. SCHEETZ Department of Bio- D. PORTER and W.F. FARNHAM. Department of Botany, logical Sciences, P. 0. Box 5018, University of University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, and Depart- Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406. ment of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Characterization of dictydine granules and associat- Portsmouth PO1 2DY, U.K. ed matrices in species of the family Cribrariaceae Mycaureola dilseae, a marine basidiomycete parasite (Myxomycetes) . of the foliose red alga, Dilsea carnosa. The presence of calcareous deposits in Myxomycete Mycaureola dilseae Maire et Chemin, originally sporongia is an important taxonomic character. described as a pyrenomycete, is shown to be a Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of dictydine basidiomycete with sigmoid, sessile basidiospores. granules in five species of Cribraria, considered This fungus is a parasite of the subtidal red alga, non-calcareous, demonstrates the presence of cal- --Dilsea carnosa (Cryptonemiales) which we have cium, phosphorus, and sulfur. When treated with collected from Loth sides of the English Channel. dilute acid, calcium is removed from dictydine, It forms circular necrotic lesions in the algal granules, while phosphorus and sulfur remain. Vis- blade. These lesions are distinctive with a ual observations of sporongia during acid treatment greenish zone of algal tissue surrounding a ragged, suggests calcium is in the form of carbonate. In- whitish inner region. Basidiocarps, formed on the cubation of decalcified sporangia in a saturated algal ,blade in the inner whitish region, are small solution of calci um carbonate followed by thorough (ca. 0.5mm), hemispherical structures with an apical washing results in re-binding of calcium. Histo- ostiole and a basal hymenial layer of holobasidia. chemical staining of sporangia show phosphorus and Dolipore septa with perforate septa1 pore caps are sulfur associated with organic matrices and tech- observed in the hyphae which penetrate and destroy niques that remove organic matrices prevent re-bind- the host algal cells. Neither haustoria nor clamp ing of calcium. These results suggest organic connections were observed. The fungus is unusual as matrices play a major role in deposition of calcium it is only the fourth marine basidiocarp-forming compounds in the Cribrariaceae. Studies comparing basidiomycete to be described, and it differs from calcareous deposits and associated organic matrices the other three in its parasitic mode of nutrition of species in the Physaraceae to those of the Crib- and in the production of basidiocarps in a submerged rariaceae are underway. habitat.

JEFFREY POMMERUILLE. Department of Biology, Texas M. J. POWELL. Department of Botany, Miami Univer- A&Mversity. Col 1ege Station, TX 77843. sity, Oxford, OH 45056. Characterizing functions in ~h~siolo~ical~andbiochemical analysis of motility in' organelles of zoospores. aquatic fungi. Zoospores of Chytridiomycetes and Oomycetes contain The mechanisms by which zoospores of aquatic fungi a vast array of morphologically distinct and diverse are attracted to saprophytic materials or to roots of single-membrane bounded organelles, many with no host plants, or gametes to appropriate mating part- functions known. Most of these organelles have been ners, are incompletely understood. The a1 terations given names descriptive of their morphology such as to motility caused by the interaction of chemoattrac- cored vesicles, gamma particles, dense body vacuoles, tants with the zoospores of Phytophthora and peripheral vesicles, peripheral cisternae, U-bodies, A1 lom ces and pheromone interactions with male and K-bodies and rumposomes. Functions of these organ- ema e gametes of A1 lorn ces provide an opportunity elles can now be grouped into five classes of pro- + cesses: (1) production of energy for motility; to investigate the* 1ul ar events of chemotaxis. Zoospore chemotaxis can result from an inter- (2) regulation of calcium concentrations; (3) con- action with a variety of chemical substances trol of osmotic balance; (4) storage of compounds; especially amino acids or more complex sugars or and (5) release of cell surface components during inorganic acids. The general response of these cells encystment. is to very rapidly change their swimming pattern, suggesting that surface membrane phenomena are Powell, M. J., see Lehnen, L. P., Jr. invol ved. Dark-field microscopic analysis of zoospore moti 1ity behavior indicates that a1 though the Pukkila, P. J., see Zolan, M. E. response is simple, the series of events can be quite complex. Likewise the behavior of male and female gametes to pheromone gradients can be complex even though the molecules involved are quite simple. The best understanding of cell surface events during chemotaxis in aquatic fungi has resulted from studies with A1 1omyces macrogynus. Anal ogs of the pheromone sirenin have indicated that (1) there are receptors for the pheromone, (2) the molecular structure of sirenin is of critical importance in defining the ' ,.., .. chemotactic reaction, and (3) the binding of 1 igand ,...,. . -?es of st.;.? rxt, .iaztic;:.~r; cf .' . .c-3 : n :Jsrc rlnz7 ,?fir' f',ir stimulates calcium ion influx which is then involved - ... 2- .,a - ,. .d a .. in control 1 ing motility. ,cL:!zI.::~cY of :in~i2nd ;:f?.ct2x3.n c.. ,..,..,,. . -,..nd :.-:at dae :o 13:~: st;r; ce -:nd !II;;~Ir:oir!-rs c7':!:::iL, .:c:.?l II;: Pomnerville, J., see Sewall, T. *.:i.. . ..;ri- c.~.-i >.;.I 1r:r ,,f i-n],:, a::; sf ;>f ti.3 C,::,.;::!;: !,;,:i.~ ..>:ii:j.~.,;; r;:~ Al;c Pontet, J., see Thibaut, M., et. al. ;.cci.:r-:ncd c f :.fl :,+o ..in ' ' 1'

Porter, U., see Lingle, W. L., et. al.

BUY YOUR A?v'NUAL REVIEWS THROUGH THE MSA--SEE THE MSA KEVSLZTTER> DECEMBER 192.5 40 & ERE' PEEVES. Botany Department, Coloradr~State D. R. REYNOLDS and J. M. CURLIN. Natural Unlverslty, Fort Collins, CO. 80523. RESOURCE-RATIO History Museum, 900 Exposition Boulevard, HYPOTHESIS. PLANT LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES, AND Los Angeles, California 90007 and MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI. Department of Botany, University of California, Davis 95616. The ascus of a The similarity of plant succession on disturbed soils foliicolous ascomycete, Asterina suggests that vegetational changes may be controlled by a asperulispora. few basic processes. During soil development, phosphate availability decreases (Walker, 1965); total P turnover The ascus of the foliicolous ascomycete increases during early development of a system, then family Asterinaceae has been predicted to decreases wtth age. In the mature system, there is a have a semifissitunicate or rostrum-like minimum amount of abiotic processes, a reduction in the structure. The ascus of Asterina intensity of the total flow, and b~ologlcalturnover In asperulispora is characterized with total P exchange increases (Titlyanova, 1982). The amount cytochemical and morphological data. A of "openness" in nutrient cycling (Odum, 1985) 1s htgh comparison of this ascus is made with in early systems, but declines with maturity. Nutrlent use fissitunicate and rostrate ascus models. efficiency varies with nutrient availability, and low levels of P affect litter production (Vltousek, 1982). Tilman -FRED. M-.,RHOADES. Biology Department, Western Wash- (1985) provides a model, the resource-ratio hypothests, to ington University, Bellingham, WA 98225. Annual explain patterns found in prtmary, secondary and mature patterns of fruiting by species of Mycena in needle vegetation. Major elements of the hypothesis are: litter under Douglas Fir. 1) inter-specific competition for two resources, and 2) an extended pattern of resource supply (the resource Are mycelia of needle-litter-decomposing Agaricales trajectory). Maximum parsimony 1s offered by Vance (1984) in perennial? Do different species compete? What are which interference competition for a angle resource IS the population dynamics of individual species? To considered. I suggest that, for semiarid ecosystems, so11 start to answer these questions, the spatial and phosphorus dynamics, relative mycorrhizal dependency of phenological patterns of fruit bodies produced by plants, Grime's (1979) Ilfe-history strategies, Odum's species of Mycena have been followed for four consec- nutrient cycling, Tltlyanova's successional concepts, and utive years in a 25-year-old Douglas Fir tree farm. Parrish and Bazzaz's (1982) nutrient gradients can be About 20 species have been found at the site, but integrated into Tilman's and Vance's hypotheses. Mycorrhizal only five are dominant and/or consistently found plants have increased nutrient uptake. Changes in the every year: M. atroalboides, 1. leptocephala, consumption vectors (Increased consumptton rates) in M. plumbea, M. pura, M. rorida. mycwrhizal plants may account for their success and the - competitive exclusion of other specles durlng successton. Patterns of fruiting by these five species show annual similarities, both in timing and spatial Stephen A. Rehner, Dept. of Botany KB-15, University of arrangement. The overall pattern in which fruiting Nashington, Sea€€le, WA 98195 occurs is slightly patchy. This may be caused by patchiness in the distribution of the Douglas Fir. Character variation, species delimitaticn and DNA However, within the overall area where fruiting hybridization in Agrocybe, section Pediadeae normally occurs, the pattern for any one of these five species is random. Members of A roc be, section Pediadeae, are characterized~smallstature, occurrence in Each species shws some consistency in annual spatial grassland habitats, absence of a well developed partial pattern. Positions of some presumed mycelia (patches veil, basidiospores generally greater than 1Oum in of fruit bodies) are duplicated or move slightly, length and a bipolar mating system. Although some suggesting that fruiting is from perennial mycelia. species are readily characterized on morpholor~ical and Some positions are lost or gained, suggesting annual anatomical grounds (e.g., A. reti era (Speg.) Singer, mortality and recruitment of mycelia. Positions of A. setulosa Moreno and Bar~a*~ recognition in the five species rarely coincide with one another in Eenadescomplex is difficult due to variability a given year, suggesting partitioning of the environ- in m~?vology,basidiospore size, position and ment by competition or antibiotic production. nature of cystida, number of sterigmata, and the presence or absence of oidia in culture. To date, three E.A. RICHARDSON and C.W. MIMS. Department of mating groups have been recognized in the A pediades Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacog- complex: two from tbrth America and one froTMalaysia. doches. TX 75962. Ultrastructure of meiosis in Most North American isolates belong to an ~xobas;dium camel 1iae var. gracil is. intercompatability group designated Group I. Comparison of Group I basidiocarps revealed significant In this study transmission electron microscopy was polymorphisms with respect to the above mentioned used to study various aspects of meiosis in E. characters. The second North American (11) and camel1 iae var. gracil is Shirai parasitizing Camel1 ia Malaysian (111) groups each differ in qualitative and sasanqua Thunb. with the hope of elucidating charac- quantitative aspects from Group I and each other. ters that might contribute to a better understandina Character variation within and between species will be of the taxonomic and phyl ogenetic relationships of reviewed and discussed in light of intercompatability members of the genus Exobasidium. Our observations and DNA hybridization data. indicate that nuclear fusion in this species occurs in intercellular hyphal compartments near the lower epidermis of an infected leaf prior to the time Reynolds, D. R., see Okamoto-Nishida, F. that such compartments can be morphologically identified as basidia. The appearance of synaptonemal complexes within the nuclei of these compartments suggests that meiosis is initiated soon after nuc- SUPPORT THE NEW EDITOR lear fusion. Meiosis then appears to be interrupted --SEND RICK KOSKE WUR MYCOLOGICAL AR until after basidia emerge from the under surface of the leaf. The nucleus of a develo~inobasidiun! pos- 41 sesses a single prominent nucleolus b;t little if 1800 to each other. Mitotic divisions were any condensed chromatin. The first evidence of intranuclear. We conclude that this fungus is an spindle initiation occurs after the spindle pole oomycete and plan further studies of its biology and body has undergone significant morphological taxonomic relationships. changes. Both meiosis I and I1 are characterized by a well developed spindle apparatus and prominent astral microtubules. Condensed chromosomes are Romano, M. A., see Gessner. R. V., et. al. not conspicuous and the fate of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I and I1 is difficult to Romano, M. A., see Schulz, R. W., et. al. follow. Rothenberg, N. A,, see Hamnill, T. M., et. a1 .

Rich3rdson, E. A.. see Mims, C. W. Samuel s, G. J., see Boise, J. R.

and T.C. Harrington, Dept. of Botany and S. SCHATZ and J. J. KOHLFIEYER*. University ------Plant Pathology, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of 03824. Root and butt rot fungi on balsam fir and red California, Berkeley, CA 94720. *Institute of spruce in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 25887. Sixteen species of hymenomycetes were isolated and Biogeographic distribution of selected higher marine identified from root or butt rots on 104 balsam fir fungi. (m (L.) Hill.) and 25 red spruce (w Collections of higher marine fungi in diverse rube- Sarg.) trees. Basinioium bicolor (Fr.) Parm. geographic regions in recent years have resulted in and a species of (possibly & obscura several new records of the occurrence of various were the most commonly isolated fungi (Pers.) Herink) species. These areas include arctic regions- the from fir and spruce, respectively. An unidentified Bering Sea; temperate regions- the Gaspe' peninsula fungus, perhaps an undescribed species of -, of Quebec, the central and northern Pacific coast of was commonly isolated from both fir and spruce. Ele- California; and subtropical and tropical regions- vational trends were apparent in the distribution of the eastern Mediterranean Sea coast of Israel, the some of the fungi. -nalactinum (Fr.) Red Sea, the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic coast of Donk, & m,and the unidentified -- southern Florida. The distribution of higher like fungus were more common in high elevation (sub- marine fungi appears to be governed primarily by alpine) spruce-fir forests than in lower elevation ambient water temperature. In the case of forests. sp. and PerenniDoria subacida cosmopolitan species, eg. _C_O-~_O_~-~-O_S.O~~_~a~i_tJ.?-, (Pk.) Donk were encountered most commonly in low physiological races can be discerned as shown by elevation hardwood stands and in softwood flats growth studies of single ascospore isolates from (mixed hardwood-conifer). On most sites, white rot tropical and temperate regions. Algicolous species fungi were more commonly isolated than brown rot such as ~h~comelH>~~~~~~*-a~_i~~ am.d-~urr~~.d~~~~_l~m fungi, but brown rot fungi predominated on softwood ulvae are restricted by the distribution of the host flats. (Batsch:Fr.) Kuhner alga. The new data, in synthesis with previous et Maire and (Karsten) reports allow for more definitive discussions on the Erikss. et Strid. were often isolated, but they may biogeographic distribution of higher marine fungi. be secondary colonizers of decay initiated by other hymenomycetes. XeromDhalina (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) forms fine rhizomorphs, mycelial Scheetz, R. W., Pittman, T. S. fans, and zone lines typical of Armillaria spp. J. D. Schoknecht and H. W. Keller, Life Science R. W. ROBERSON, E. S. LUTTRELL and M. S. Department, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, FULLER. Department of Plant Pathology, University IN 47809 and Department of Biology, University of of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Texas at Arlington, TX 76019. Accumulation of silicon in the Physarales. An oomycete parasitic on teliospores of Ustilago bullata. Members of the Physarales accumulate and deposit calcium in the form of calcium carbonate and phos- Teliospores of Ustilago bullata are produced in the phorus is also incorporated into the calcareous spring of the year and form sori in the spikelets of deposits of the Physaraceae. In comparison, calcar- the host. Within the sor i we observed large eous deposits in the peridium of the Trichiales is multinucleate structures and coenocytic hyphae often in the form of calcium oxalate. Some species among the tel iospores. The multinucleate structures of Perichaena had crystals composed predominantly of germinated, giving rise to hyphae that directly silicon among the crystals of calcium oxalate. penetrated the smut spore wall and absorbed the Scanning electron microscopy coupled with x-ray protoplasm of the mature tel iospore. A great deal of energy elemental microanalysis (EDX) had revealed vesicular activity was seen within the cytoplasm of the presence of crystals containing calcium, mixed the mycoparasite on the smut. At the site of with crystals containing silicon in peridial depos- penetration the exosporium was pushed in and formed its of Didymium saturnus Keller collected on wheat a collar around the invading hypha. The straw. 2. saturnus is maintained on corn meal agar endosporium had a loose fibrillar appearance. The with and without added oatmeal flakes. Corn meal protoplasm of the tel iospore and the endosporium agar was formulated with varying concentrations of were absorbed, leaving only an exosporium. The sodium meta-silicate in order to determine if sili- absorptive hyphae branched within the empty con was incorporated by the plasmodium and excreted tel iospore and produced exit hyphae that parasitized during sporulation, or if the silicon was present other teliospores. because of adherance of silicon particles directly Each nucleus within the multinucleate structure had from the environment, and to determine the minimum a pair of centrioles located in a pocket of the levels needed for accumulation. Investigation of nuclear envelope. These centrioles were a1 igned at peridial formation among calcareous Myxomycetes 42 provides evidence for elucidation of the mechanism We further characterized th~enaomembrane systems of mineral accumulation and deposition by plasmodia. of both normal ana monensin-treatea gamtanyia with osmium impreynation ana carbohyarate staining to R. W. SCHULZ, R. V. GESSNER, and M. A. ROMANO. help determine specific enaornernbrane components Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois active duriny the various stages of gamete University, Macomb, IL 61455. Biochemical genetic formation. differences between Morchella deliciosa and !. esculenta. Shearer, C. A., see Zare-Maivan, H. Morchella deliciosa based on field and developmental studies by other authors has been suggested to be an L. SHIH, G. M. MUELLER and J. AMMIRATI. immature light-colored form of M. esculenta. In Department of Botany, University of Washinzton, Seattle, order to test this hypothesis, we initiated a study WA 98195 and Field Museum of Natural FIistorv, to determine if these taxa are genetically different. Roosevelt Rd. at Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605- Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate 2496. Basirlial cytology of Laccaria species (Agaricales). inheritance patterns and the population structure of these fungi from west central Illinois. Fourteen Basidial cytology has been studied for a number of snecies enzymes encoded by nineteen presumptive loci were in diverse groups of Basidiomycetes. Of particular analyzed to determine the extent of intra- and inter- interest have been the events of karvogarny and weiosis, specific variation within and among population~. when they occur in relation to the development of the Preliminary data suggest that alleles segregate in a basidium, and the position of these events in the basidium Mendelian manner. Fixed or near fixed differences itself. A further interest is when and where a post- were determined between samples of both species meiotic mitosis occurs, if one is present, and the fate collected from the same locality. Ascospore of the resulting nuclei. Using bright field and isolates of M. deliciosa and M. esculenta show poly- fluorescence microscopy we have studied the basidial morphism~at 8 and 4 loci respectively. Two cytology of Laccaria species, including Ii, laccata distantly located populations of M. esculenta were (Scopo1i:Fries) Berkeley and Broome, L. montana Singer, more similar to each other than to a sympatric -L. pumila Fayod and & vinaceo-brunnea MueUer. In all population of M. deliciosa. These data indicate species studied to dste the post-meiotic mitosis occurs gene exchange Ts not taking place between the two in the basidium. Typically in four-spored basidia two species and supports the retention of these taxa as nuclei migrate into each basidiospore, while in twos~ored separate species. basidia each basidiospore receives four nuclei from the basidium. Variations on this theme, however, do occur. In Laccaria and many other heterothallic and secondarily !.I. 'P. SIDL >per tzcnt of Ijiola~icel.:jcl.en?er;, homothallic Rasidiomgcetes the distribution of the eight Snn Frarlcisco Sb.te Cniversity, l6i)G ii~;iw?j- nuclei to the basidiospores may have a significant effect Avenue, kn ?re.-,cisc~~,CA 941 32. on matings done with so-called single spore isolates. Preliminary survey or tne hicl!cr flui::i csrociatec! with madrone (~rbutu:; acnziesii Furn!?.). R. V. SHUKLA, Department of Botany, C. M. D. College, 1ii;her fmgi foxci i':.~i;.tin,; cn or ntnr ,mtlrone :;re Bilaspur, V. P. India, 495 001. Two New Thermophilic listedo This ixicludrs possible c1d >rr~ob~r?qocr- Hyphornycetes from India. rhiznl-forxing ruxyi, ~101-4r!itk. cc~rc:ii>r-tic fnr:rtj, A brief look at tk:? ectendonycorrk:izat fol~.d or. ti.e Present report is a part of an extensive survey of rocts of rxdrone is alsc prcsccted. thermophilic fungi from different soils and other habitats in India. During the course of investigation of above T. SEWALL ana J. POMMERVILLE. Department of fungi, two pure culture isolations of pigmented Bioloyy, Texas ABM University, Col lege Station, TX hyphomycetes belonging to genera Chr sos rium and 77843. Characterization of the enaomembrane system Scytalidium were obtained from decomposingw jute ibres during gametogenesis in ~llomycesmacroyynus. and soil of open coal mine area respectively. Culture of the above fungi on a variety of media showed huqe The function of the endomembrane system duriny Conidiogenesis on initially erect myceliun without cleavage of gametes in the aquatic fungus Allomyces association of any telomorphic genera and indicated that is not clearly understood. Although these fungi differed from the previously described species mlex-specific enzymes have been local izea of their respective genera. It is therefore, named and in single cisternal elements of A, macrogynus, the described here in as a new species Chrysosporiun organism does not possess a typical Golgi complex ampulliformis sp. nov. and Scytalidium thermophilum var. (GC) consisting of stacked cisternae. Because the heterospora var. nov. based on cultures gown on PDA GC is involved in cytoplasmic cleavage in other and YpSs agar for five days at minimum 16-25C to aquatic funyi, we have examinea the role of single maximum 53-58 C. Incubation st various temperatures cisternal elements as Golgi equivalents auring showed & ampulliformis to be thermophilic and S, gametoyenesis in macroyynus. Our stuaies have thermophilum ver. heterospora thermotolerant. demonstrated that treatment with monensin disrupts cytoplasmic cleavage in A, macrogynus by attenu- D. S. SHUMARD and M. E. S. HUDSW. Plant ating cleavage furrow formation. Since monensin Molecular Biology. Dept. of Biol . Sci ., Northern specifically affects the trans cisternae of the GC I1 linois Univ., DeKal h, IL 60115. Mitochondria1 causing the release ofmlen vesicles in other DNA in the Oomycetes. systems, it appears that GC equivalents play a role in gamete formation in A. macroyynus. Monensin- Mi tochondrial genomes of Oomjcetes fa1 1 into treated gametangia containea large swollen vacuoles two distinct organizational patterns based upon which were fillea with amorphous material ana the presence or absence of a large inverted numerous smaller electron transparent vesicles. repeat. This repeat minimally encodes the rRNA The larye vacuoles contained hiyh levels ot calcium cistrons, ranges in size from 7.5kb to dt least and phosphorus while the smal l vesicles had no 20kb, and characterizes the Achlya-pattern found elements detectable by microprobe analysis (EDS). in representatives of three orders. The repeat 4 3 divides these genomes into small and large single oriented filaments and studies with NBD-pallocidin, an copy regions and is responsible for the presence actin-specific stain, indicate that these intranuclear of orientational isomers. Examination of the filaments contain actin. With heat-shock the dephos- Saprolegniaceae suggests that the increase in size phorylation of a major group of 30M)a Achlya phospho- of the repeat is the result of duplication of proteins was noted. These proteins could be isolated small single copy sequence culminating in the from Achlya ribosomes and appear analogous to mammal- virtual elimination of the small single copy ian ribosomal protein S6. Changes in the phosphoyla- region in some Pythiaceae. The variation in tion of these and several other ribosome-associated genome size of Achlya-pattern organisms is proteins may be involved in the changes observed in primarily due to the increase in size of the rates of protein synthesis in Achlya during heat-shock. repeat, and not to insertionldeletion events. The Phytophthora-pattern, in which the larye L. D- SETH and F. W. SPIEGEL. Department of inverted repeat is conspicuously absent, has been and found in members of two orders. The qenome sizes Botany Microbiology, University of Arkansas, of Phytophthora infestans and ~e~tomituslacteus Fayetteville, AR. .72701. . Sporocarp developnent in approximate thosefAchTya-pattern genomes minus (Protostelia, Eunyceto- the repeat. Analysis of the P. me as erma genome zoa) . however shows an increase of approximate--9-eT y 5kb. . . Coding regions will a1 so be discussed. Feeding plasmodia of t.<lens i8 are reticulate and transparent. They become conpad and opaque at sporocarp initiation. Cleavage fur- Shunard, D. S., see Rrlms, T. D., et. al. rows divide the protoplast into discrete pre-spore cells that become constricted at the base. The sporogen is supported by a delicate, acropetally Lynne SIGLER. University of Alberta Microfungua produced stalk. The stalk rests on a basal disk Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, which can be observed as soon as the sporogen rises 1-31 Med. Sci., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7. off the substrate. At maturity the stalk has a Consideration of the terms 'blastic' and 'thallic' knob-like swelling at its apex that articulates as applied to modes of conidiogenesis in genera of with an annular thickening on the spore wall. Hyphomycetes. Cleaving plasmodia prepared for the transmission electron microscope reveal a vesicular system and At the Kananaskis hyphomycete specialist workshop an intraprotoplasmic network of E.R.-like cisternae in 1969, the terms 'blastic' and 'thallic' were that are apparently involved in the secretion of a coined to describe two distinct modes of conidium slime sheath. Pre-spore cells are plurinucleate development. Since then, the original concepts have and sporogens remin so throughout developnent. been slightly modified and redefined, and the terms The contractile base of the sporcgen is hyaloplas- have become standard terminology in taxonomic mic and contains a microfilamentous coqxment of descriptions of conidial fungi. In my opinion, the contractile proteins. The fibrillar stalk seem to terms can cause some confusion since they imply a be derived from amorphous sheath material that is fundamental dichotomy in the way in which conidia polymerized outside the cell nmbrane. Mature are produced, and may result in the separation of spores have a thick wall and dense cytoplasm with a fungi which are similar in many respects. A number reduced endcmmbrane system. The developnental of fungi, including many anamorphs of Onygenales, pattern observed here is essentially similar to produce conidia in which there are intergradations that described in other protostelids. between blastic and thallic development. Using as examples some onygenalean anamorphs, and a few other anamorphic genera, I will demonstrate some M. SMITH and 3.8. ANDERSON. Dept. Botany, inconsistencies in the application of the terms Erlndale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1C6. blastic and thallic to conidial development. A plea for the resurrection of the useful term Variation in mitochondria1 DNAs of the North 'aleurioconidium' sensu Vuillemin will also be American biological species of Armillaria. presented. There are several repro&ctively isolated groups or biological species of Armillaria J.C. SILVER, D.PEKKALA AND S.A. BRUNT. University of mellea (broad sense) in North America. This Toronto, Scarbourough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, study examined variation in mitochondrial DNA West Hill, Canada M1C 1A4. Environmentally and dev- restrict ion fragments within and between the elopmentally induced changes in gene expression in groups. Mitochondria1 DNA from one isolate was Achlya. separated from nuclear DNA by bisbenzlmide- CsC1, buoyant-density ultracentrifugation. The Cell stress such as heat shock, results in several mitochondria1 DNA was used as a probe in pleiotropic changes at both the cellular and molecular Southern hybridizations with whole cell DNAs levels in the oomycete maambisexualis. For exam- from 16 isolates of 8 groups. Preliminary data ple, a characteristic set of heat-shock proteins are indicate that mitochondria1 DNAs are similar, induced which are found associated with specific cyto- although not identical, within the groups hut plasmic and nuclear fractions. Interestingly, two of highly divergent between groups. Further the characteristic Achlya heat-shock proteins i.e. the studies will utilize cloned EcoRl fragments as 74kDa and the 86kDa proteins appear similar to twodev- probes for identification of homologous elopmentally regulated nuclear proteins which are ind- segments. uced by the steroid hormone antheridiol. Heat-shock also results in changes in chromatin structure and in the sensitivity of Achlya chromatin to the enzymeDNase Smyth, C. A., see Carris, L. M., et. al. I. The changes in chromatin structure appear to be related to the increased histone phosphorylation which Spiegel, F. W., see Rortnick, R. N. accompanies heat-shock. Heat-shock also alters the deposition of actin in Achlya. For example, nuclei in Spiegel, F. W., see Smith, L. D. heat-shocked cells contain large bundles of parallel- 44 -F.W. SPIEGEL. Department of Botany and the work of earlier investigators. The pH of the water Microbiology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, surrounding the roots, water depth to the substrate, AR. 72701. The myxomycete-like protostelids - a substrate description and plant species characteristics natural group? were determined. The roots sere fixed and stared in FAA (forna1in:acetic acid:ethanol) and stained in 0.01% The protostelid genera Protosporangium, trypan blue in lactic acid. The criteria used to report Clastostelium, and Ceratiomyxa are very similar to colonization was based on observation of arbuscules, the myxomycetes with respect to the structure of vesicules, peltons or any combination of the three. These the amoebo-flagellate stage of the life history. structures became evident only after modifying the wsy Like the myxomycetes these cells have a in which roots were ~rocessed(Kormanik and McGraw, comma-shaped swarm cell morphology wher! swimming or 1982) by minimizing the handling of the roots. The slides gliding. At the ultrastructural level, these were permanently mounted in polyvinyl alcohol. In all protostelids and the myxomycetes have nearly three species arbuscules were found mainly in the branc'l identical flagellar apparatuses. All three roots while hyphae and vesicles were found in other parts protostelids have a life history in which the of the root as well as in the branch roots. The deqree amoebo-flagellate state germinates from the spores of colonization varied between the species. Gerdemann and develops into an obligately amoeboid state (1975) and others have suggested that plants goiving in similar to a myxomycete plasmodium. It is the aquatic habitats do not contain VA mycorrhizae. Typha obligately amoeboid state which eventually spp. has been found to be non-mycorrhizal by several differentiates into fruiting bodies. The investiaators. Our studies show that im~roved~rocessine: myxomycete-like protostelids differ from the metho& were required for VAM detecGon in fyp%aspG myxomycetes in sporocarp formation and morphology, Funded by BECO. spore germination, and time of appearance of meiotic prophase. It appears to be likely that the myxomycete-like protostelids are a natural group Stetler, D. A., see Miller, 0. K., Jr. which is a sister group to the myxomycetes in Eumycetozoa. However, because of the lack of an Sutherland, J. B., see Bugos, R. C. appropriate outgroup for morphological comparison, an alternative hypothesis is that these FEN TANG and IRIS CHARVAT, Department of Botany, protostelids are a paraphyletic group from which University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. Glomus the myxomycetes evolved. Supported by NSF grants fasciculatum colonized Tm angustifolia grow' at BSR-8307376 and BSR-8600639. different phosphorus concentrations.

R.C. STAPLES Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell The objective of our experiments was to determine if University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Fungus - Plant Inter- Typha could be colonized by a vesicular-arbuscular faces: Bean Rust on Bean Plants mycorrhiza under control conditions. angustifolia, sudan- grass and Typha grown together with sudan-grass were Uredospores of the rust fungi (e.g. Uromyces appen- inoculated with 3 g of fresh sudan-grass roots color~ized diculatus) have a remarkable contact-sensitive with G. fasciculatum as well as 200 spores. Each experi- mechanism by which germlings respond to the topo- mental plant was growing in silica sand and given half- graphy of a leaf surface to recognize the stomata. strength Hoagland's solation with two levels of phospliorus Contact of the germ tube is followed by nuclear (KH~PO~):10 and 100 yM. Each pot was partially sub- division and development of the infection structures. inerged in a bigger saucer which was filled with nutrient Elements of the sensing mechanism appear to include solution to depth of 1 inch. The method for processing proteins in the extracellular matrix, portions of the Typha roots was a modification of that published by germ tube cytoskeleton, and a second message system, KorinaniC and McGraw (1982). The plants were harvested e.g. cAMP/Calmodulin. 12 weeks after inoculation. The results showed that VA%l was found in the branch roots of Typha at both P levels. Inducing uredospore germlings to develop appressoria Tinere were a lot of arbuscles, vesicles and spores of VAM starts a series of profound developmental changes in both P concentration. Another experiment showed 'I ypha that are accompanied by both an upshift and a down- can be colonized by a spore inoculum. angustifolie was shift in gene expression. An understanding of how inoculated with sterile or non-sterile spores, either 200 elements of the germ tube sensing mechanism inter- or 500 at four different phosphoras levels: 1, 10, 100 and act to initiate the alteration in gene.expression 500 NN. Each triple co:nbinrition of surfacesterilization and the consequent development of the infection of spore, spore density and phosphorus concentrntior! was structures is being sought. An altered gene express- replicated five times. VAhI colonization occurred at the ion also appears to be involved in the contact- three levels of P: 1, 10 and 100 )1M at 13 weeks. Less responsive development of appressoria by the anthrac- colonization occllrred in 100 pM P than in 1 and 10 DM P. nose fungi (Colletotrichum spp.). In all cases the VAM was concentrated in onlj the branch roots. The 500 yM P level inhibited the colonizstion. The biomass data showed that fresh and dry l~eightsof shoots Staples, R. C., see Bourett. T. M., et. al. and fresh weights of roots were greater in VAM plants compared with controls at 100 pM P. Funded by BEiCO. Staples, R. C., see Tucker, R. E., et. dl. J. W. TAYLOR and G. MAY. Department of Botany, D. L. STENLUND and I. D. CHARVAT. Department ot University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Evolution and Botany, University of Minnesota, 220 RioScience Center, transmission of mitochondrial plasmid DNA in Neurospora St. Paul, 55108. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in species. natural stands of Typha sp~. We have discovered additional mitochondria1 plasmid DNAs Entire roots of Typha an stifolia glauca, and during our evolutionary comparison of Neurospora mitochon- latifolia were collected +rom eight sites with~nthe metro drial DNA. These plasmids are common but not ubiquitous; area of St. Paul and 'Minneapolis, Minnesota. Of the eight sites only one represents a relatively undisturbed half of the Louisiana N. crassa isolates examined had environment. The selection of the sites was based on plasmids. We have studied homologous plasmids from four 45 isolates (N. tetrasperma 1270 and 25 10, Hanalei, HA: N. inter- plants. The wind-disseminated ectomycorrhizal media 435 Fiji; N. crassa 5 16 Roanoke, LA) in hopes of Asco- and Basidiomycetes have an advantage over understanding their evolution and transmission. This study is the soil-borne VA fungi in forest systems, where of current interest because similar plasmids are being con- soil movement by air is infrequent. Plant succession sidered as tools for genetic engineering of phytopathogenic on disturbed sites such as mine spoils or landslide deposits within forested areas is predictably initia- fungi. We compared cloned plasmids and covalently closed ted by autotrophic weeds and ectomycorrhizal trees circular mtDNA and found that only one plasmid line was or shrubs. In deserts or coastal dunes, VA-fungi present in each of the intensively studied isolates. We used are more readily but still erratically dispersed DNA-DNA hybridization and restriction endonuclease site along with wind-blown soil. Succession on mycobiont- mapping to show that the mitochondria1 plasmids from the lacking sites is initiated by autotrophic plants three species were very similar and that identical plasmids followed gradually by VA hosts. Patterns of succes- were present in two species. Most of the variation was due to sion on sites denuded of their vegetation but retain- presumed nucleotide substitutions. The distribution of the ing the mycobiont propagules in the soil will reflect homologous plasmids in nature and the presence of identical the relative propagule availability of both mycobi- plasmids in different species suggests that the plasmids can be onts and hosts. Thus, succession on sites such transmitted between isolates independently of their host mito- as forest clearcuts and burns or brush control chondria. We are now experimenting with the transmission of projects will be strongly influenced by the mycotro- phy of the preceding community. Knowledge of plant plasmids in reciprocal crosses between plasmid-bearing and mycotrophic habits is important for interpreting plasmid-free isolates. For additional information consult successional patterns and can be applied to improve Natvig et al. (1984, J. Bacteriol. 159:288-293) and Taylor et plant management systems from crop rotation, weed al. (1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201:161-167). control, and reforestation to rehabilitation of degraded lands. Testrake, D., see Brown, J.. et . a1 . B.E. TUCKER, H.C.HOCH, and R.C. STAPLES*. Dept. of Plant Pathology, NY State Agric. Exp. Sta., M. THIBAUT, J. PONTET and M. ANSEL. Laboratoire de Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY 14456; *Boyce Thompson Parasitologie, 15 rue de 1'Ecole de MCdecine,F 75270 Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853. Paris Cedex 06, France. Application of spectrocolori- Effect of the Actin-Specific Drugs Phalloidin and metry for physiological study of Trichothecium roseum. Cytochalasin E on Cell Differentiation in Uromyces.

The ubiquitous fungi have until recently been relati- The role of F-actin in differentiation of Uromyces vely ignored. It is now apparent that they play a va- appendiculatus (bean rust fungus) appressorium was riety of subtile and sometimes essential roles. Fungi examined by treating differentiating and nondif- are dependent upon enzyme systems to drive energy f erentiating germlings with the actin-binding drugs from organic substrates. In order to construct cell cytochalasin E (CE) and phalloidin. Prolonged walls and other cellular components, they must be exposure of uredospores to 0.5-10 mM CE induced able to synthesize glucose which is a good carbon nuclear division in 30-602 of the resulting germ- source. When the fungus was incubated on peptone and lings. Exposure of established germlings to these then transferred to a replacement medium in which concentrations of CE failed to induce nuclear glucose is substituted for peptone, abundant toxin is division. Germlings treated with 0.1-100 uM CE produced. shifted polarized apical growth to spherical expan- Aim of this study was to carry out an investigation sion and depolymerized cytoplasmic microfilaments. on the utilization of glucose by Trichothecium roseum. Differentiating germlings exposed to a 10 min pulse The strain was grown in 500 ml of sterile Sabouraud's of 5 IJM CE before the initiation of septum formation glucose infusion for twenty days.After cultivation, prevented the establishment of the F-actin septa1 the medium was filtered and centrifuged. All observa- ring and growth of the crosswall. Although these CE tions were conducted on a Spectronic 20 Bausch and treatments resulted in morphological and nuclear Lomb. This device makes possible a quantitative events similar to those occurring during normal measurement of the light passing through a clear appressorium formation, transient microfilament solution. The method used for research was an enzy- depolymerization was not sufficient to induce dif- matic procedure. The optical densities of the culture ferentiation. Phalloidin stabilized cytoplasmic medium and weights of mycelium of Trichothecium microfilaments, especially posteriorly located roseum before and after 20 days of incubation were microfilaments, but did not affect differentiation, measured. Loss of glucose after 20 days of incubation nor did it significantly inhibit the effects of CE. was large. These experiments give an idea of the usefulness of spectrocolorimetry and provide a basis for further Upadhyay, J. M., see Grimes, H. L., et. al. studies on glucose utilization with for example respiration of the fungus . R. VILGALYS, Systematic Botany, Mycoiogy and Nematology Laboratory, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD Torzilli, A. P., see Vinroot, S. R. 20705. Phenograms. Cladograms and Phylograms: Multiple approaches to systematic analysis in the genus J. #. TRAPPE. Oregon State University, Department Collvbia. of Forest Science, Corvallis, OR 97331. Mycorrhizal fungi as determinants of plant successional patterns. Phenetic and cladistic methodologies were used to investigate relationships among North American Plant successional patterns are inexorably dictated taxa of the genus Collybia sect. Levipedes. In by species mycorrhizal dependency interacting with spite of their fundamental operational availability of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi. differences, both numerical taxonomy and Substrates that lack the fungal propagules can parsimony analysis produced highly congruent be colonized only by autotrophic or facultatively Wts. For example, the C. dryoDhila group is mycotrophic species. Introduction of mycobionts clearly distinguished as a separate group by is requisite for entry of mycorrhiza-dependent either analysis. Relationships among closely 4 ;s related species, however, are not clearly --MARY LYNN WHALEN, and MARIA FRANCA MOKSELLI. Maple resolvable with the available morphological Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Vermont data. Relationships among these species are best Agricultural Experiment Station, College of indicated by using molecular techniques such as Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of DNA hybridization, which have a higher Vennont , Rurl ington, VT 05405. Microbi a1 ecology information value for systematics. In of xylem sap of Acer saccharum Marsh. combination, these diverse approaches can provide a basis for waluating various taxonomic features Ne have examined during six maple sap flow seasons and for determining evolutionary patterns. the microbial ecoloyy of sap flowing from individual maples and that of sap flowing collectively from 700 trees in a sugarbush. An aseptic tapping technique S.R. VINROOT and A.P. TORZILLI. Biology Dept., was used for sap collection from individual trees. George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030. Microbiological examination, isolation and Interactive effects of cell density, agitation and biochemical analysis leading to speciation were pH on dimorphism in Aureobasidium pullulans. performed. Guanine-Cytosine (G-C) ratio of the microbial DNA was also used for species The imperfect fungus Aureobasidium pullulans identification of the environmental isolates, the exhibits dimorphism in its life cycle, producing majority of which were pseudornonads. Sap from the both yeast-1 ike and mycel ial cell phases. When sugarbush was contaminated with organisms from -A. pullulans was grown under eighteen combinations suspected human sources. Our hypothesis that sap is of two levels of initial cell density, three rates sterile prior to tree tapping was confirmed with 129 of agitation and three initial pH's both first and steri 1e (0-1 CFUIml l sap col lections. second order interactions occurred which affected % mycelial development as well as mycelial and yeast-like cell biomass production. Certain trends --HOWARD C. WHISLER and LISA M. JOHNSON. Department were evident: % mycel ial growth was favored by of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA high pH and low agitation; mycelial biomass was 981 95. Sexual differentiation and zygospore favored by high cell density and low agitation; germination in Monoblepharel la. and yeast-1 ike cell biomass was favored by high cell density and high agitation. Our knowledge of the life-cycle and development of members of the Monoblepharidales has been limited by the difficulties encountered in producing and Wain, R., see Brown, J., et. al. then germinating the zygospore produced via the unique sexual mechanism found in these members of Warnpler, J. E.. see O'Kane, D. J., et. 31. the Chytridiomycetes. The growth conditions needed ,to induce sexual reproduction of Monoblepharella mexicana have been determined. Nuclear condition C. J. K. WANG (Organizer), SUNY College of Environ- and distribution were fol lowed, with epi fl uorescence mental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210. microscopy, through the various phases of oogamous Workshop on Hyphomycetes. sexual reproduction. The results are in agreement with the supposition that the fungus has a haploid This workshop offers the opportunity to study speci- life-cycle with meiosis at germination of the mens or cultures, and microscopic characteristics zygospore. of selected Hyphomycetes. Six mycologists shall demonstrate and discuss various groups: R. D. Goos - Helicosporae White, J. F., Jr., see Morgan-Jones, G. S. J. Hughes - Foliicolous fungi M. R. McGinnis - Exophiala spp. and the black Whitney, K. D., see Arnott, H. J. yeasts Lynne Sigler - Arthroconidial genera Malbranchea, Arthrographis and others; dark K. D. WHITNEY and H. J. ARNOTT. Department of sclerotic genera Phaeotheca, etc. Biology. University of Texas at Arlington. Arlington, E. G. Simmons - Alternaria, Stemphylium and TX 76019. The effect of calcium stress on calcium related genera. oxalate crystal production and mycelial growth in Gilbertella persicaria (Mucorales). C. J. K. Wang - Phialophora spp. and some new lignicolous Hyphomycetes. Sporangia and sporangiophores of Gilbertella Specimens and/or cultures, semipermanent microscope persicaria bear conspicuous deposits of calcium slides, and pertinent literature will be available oxalate crystals on their walls when grown on a for study. Microscopes, dissecting needles, and variety of agar media. Crystals along most of the mounting media will be provided. Participants who sporangiophore consist of elongate, flattened, rectangular plates, some of which bear paired, upright wish to make their own slides need to bring slides crystalline appendages. The length of these plates and coverglasses. decreases as a function of sporangiophore height, and at the apex of the sporangiophore the plates are more or less polygonal with a single rounded appendage. On Wang, C. J. K., see Hamill, T. M., et. al. the sporangium proper the individual crystals consist of a hexagonal to polygonal base plote, an angular, Wang, C. J. K., see Wilcox, H. E. upright column, and a flattened, hexagonal to polygonal cap. In oddition to crystals within the Wells, K., see Curlin, J. M. wall, large. oval patches of superficial colcium oxalate crystals are also present on sporongiophores. When grown in a synthetic liquid medium the first "crop" of sporangia bear o normal complement of crystals. As sporangio continue to develop, however. SUGGEST HSA NEWSLETTER ADVERTISING TO FRIENDS crystal production becomes progressively more aberrant. The characteristic morphology of the IN MYCOLOCICALLY RELATED BUSINESSES. crystals is lost, the crystal margins appear froyed, and crystal number drops dramatically. Finally, crystal production ceases. Even when calcium levels 47 in the medium fall to below that required for colcium vae showed more than 24 Trichomycete species with oxalate crystal production, fungal growth continues. about 1/3 of them previously undescribed. Infesta- Gilbertella persicaria is apparently able to transport tion of hosts from a given population ranged from 0 calcium from the medium to the developing sporongio, where the calcium is then effectively "removed" from to 100%. A richer fungal species diversity was the system by conversion to insoluble colcium oxalote. found in Washington Gulch (83%) than in the East River (50%), based on a total of 18 species of fungi found. A disjunct distribution of some gut H. E. WILCOX and C. J. K. WANG. SUNY College of fungi is demonstrated by data on two species of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY Legeriomycetaceae (Harpellales) that were discovered 13210. Effect of substrate pH on the development of in immature larvae of Zapata spp. (Plecoptera). mycorrhizae in seedlings of ?inus resinosa, Picea Preliminary evidence indicates a hisher incidence of rubens, and Betula alleghaniensis. infestation of Harpella sp. in ~rosimuliumsp. (93%) than in Simulium5%) larvae. Colonizing behaviors of five dematiaceous funqi which variously form ectomycorrhizal, ectendomycorrhizal, or pseudomycorrhizal associations with Wilms, C. E., see Arnold, P. T., et. al. roots were studied at pHs 3.0 and 5.7. Species selected were the ~scoin~cete,Cenococcum geophilum G. J. WONG. Department of Botany, University of and four Hyphomycetes, viz., the three new species Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 Phialophora finlandia, Chloridium paucisporum, and Phialocephala fortinii plus the well-known w- Further mating, fruiting and morphological studies locephala dimorphospora. Control seedlings and in the Renus Auricularia. those inoculated with C. paucisporum, fortinii, g. In mating an0 fruiting studies previously performed and C. geophilum were badly stunted and showed little by the author, it has been determined that three of growth at pH 3, whereas moderate growth of roots and the medullated species currently recognized in the seedlings was exhibited by ectendomycorrhizal P. genus Auricularia; A. cornea. A. polytricha and finlandia and pathogenic g. dimorphospora. A~~HA. tenuis, are synonymous. Of these three species fortinii seedlings were mostly dead and those -- 5.7 g. epithet, A. cornea was the earliest, legitimate name with P. dimorphospora were more poorly developed published: Microscopic examination of these three than at pH 3. The controls as well as the remaininq species have now also determined that most of the P. fungal associations were healthy at pH 5.7. fin- characteristics used in defining species are too landia and C. paucisporum associations were ect- variable for this purpose. Characteristics that the endomycorrhizal and C. geophilum associations were author feels are still possibly valid and their ectomycorrhizal. The nature of the mycorrhizal usefulness in species delimitat ion will be discussed association, whether ecto- or ectendomycorrhizal, In addition to the above species, fruiting and was largely controlled by the host. Structures matinn studies have iust been ~erformedon such as sclerotia were determined by the fungus. ~uricilariaf uscosuccinea. species has been Anatomical features of the various associations his determined to be heterothallic and bifactorial with are shown in accompanying photographs. evidence of geographic reproductive isolation. Mating, fruiting and morphological studies also E. 3. WILEY, 0. L. KAPLAN and A. M. KAPLAN. U.S. indicate that A. fuscosuccinea is distinct from Arfiiy Natick Research, Development and Engineering --A. cornea. Center, Science & Advanced Techno1 ogy Directorate, Natick, MA 01760-5020. The fungal resistance or suscepti bi1 ity of resins, plasticizers, and other M. L. WU. Taipei Municipal Teachers' College, No. 1, constituents of adhesive formulations. Ai-Kuo West Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Cmpatibi- lity studies of Rkizopw nighicavzd isolated from Studies were performed to develop a database for the fading flowers in Taiwan. microbial resistance or suscepti bi1 i ty of nii 1itary adhesives. Commercial and GSA formulations and bases Seventeen strains of Rkizopw spp. isolated from were evaluated by plate testing, and this report fading flowers in Taiwan were identified and identifies those adhesives and constituents that are examined. There are four species: Rkizopus otyzne, resistant or susceptible within the categories that R. ofigo6pokw, R. an/rkizu~and R. nighicanb. Mating are used to classify these materials. Adhesive coiil- techniques were used to investigate zygospore forma- ponents are identified by the type of resin base tion from the study among eight strains of R. &hi- used, that is, elastomeric, thermoplastic or therrio- cand. It was found that PDA is more suitable for setting, natural, etc., or as a constituent such as the production of zygospores than MA and SMA media a plasticizer or filler, etc. Additionally, a list for the compatibility studies. The result is also of biocides used for adhesives is provided. indicated that R. n4ghicans was mated with Choane- phom cucmbMmum is seemingly increased carotenoid pigment between the zone of hyphal meeting area. -M. C. WILLIAMS, Department of Biology, Kearney State College, Kearney, NE, 68847 and R. W. LICHTWAROT, Ydngco, B., see Brown, J., et. al. Department of Botany, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045. Studies of Trichomycete distribution in aquatic --ZANG ;::U . Kunming institute of Botany , insect larvae. Academia Sinica, i'unming, Yunnan, CHINA. Some probable Doleti mycorrhizal associa- The distribution and prevalence of selected species tions in Eastern tlimalayas, China. of Trichomycetes living obligately in guts of larvae Pne Boietelutj lb prud~mnant~~a hjcorrhiz- of Diptera (Simul i idae, Chironomidae, Tipul idae), a1 order and has therefore its main distri- Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera from several streams bution in the Fagales and Conifers woods and a pond in the Rocky Mountains near Gothic,, from E. Himalayas.After making a field sur- Colorado, with emphasis on collections from selected vey in the SIC. Tibet, N#. Yunnan and N. Sichu- sites in the East River and Washington Gulch is re- an.The author suggests that the following ported. Results from dissections of over 2100 lar- kinds of ectornycorrhizal associations will 48 have to be taken: The Suillua are important in Pine woods, since most species e.g. SuilL- ya w,S. luteu6, BoleteLU auamoa- Zang often live in association withJ.i- unensie. and Y. densab; Suillus olorans with Larix potaninn, FuscoboletA- nus paluster with l icea 1ikiannensia.The Fagaceous forestry,it is accupy a cqnsnicu- Alco:dinq to tr:? i2iernatibrtal :.,ae of :':.:r?niBoletales grow abundantly h?\!e been acr?pted !n tt~!~qen!i,:- i!-:cig!jrnc) ;y tt-4 here,there are Boletellus runnanensis Lang, c.fjrnbir:cl!~onsancl two r!rw 5~rc!e5,::;ne from the ~~r,ltp$ Strobilomace~ulinug Lang often distribu- S!a!es and the otr~el. NPW Zp,3!2?1d Tne sp!:t!'? ted under the forestry from alpine belt.Ne- from vertheless, there are apparently some other ornamentat ions crf ali sp~sreswere st:~c!ie~ ::.; tne genera and species of Botetales in the low- scanping e;ectror? rn;C;.QsCopF ?'I@rpr~@!<;$!!:a;:7!5!3!.,.- er LeveA lra6ace~usforest. e.~.Boletus J,g- tions species of th~sgenus may be 0~5e:::e~: w:in politya, Boletellus y-ensia Zang,-- arnonq comus w,Boletus maanificua Chiu etc., light ricroscopy or SEr? The distrlb~lt!onaf Aietli'ina of ten associated with Li. thocar~ue, . Castano- specles in the w@r!d ana the deveiopvc?flt of yo!'e and Quercllff sut~ss~m, on which they ornamentat ions aiso discus st.^. form a mutually beneficial relationship. are

M. E. ZOLAN' and P. J. PUKKILA~. '~epartrnent of H. ZARE-MAIVAN and C. A. SHEARER. Department of Natural Sciences, Univqsity of Michignn-Dearborn, Plant Biology. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Dearborn, MI 48128. "~epartment of Biology and 61801. Hyphal interactions between aquatic Curriculum in Genetics, University of North Carolina, Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Molecular genetics of meiosis in Coprinus cinereus. To test the hypothesis that fungi colonizing long-lasting substrata have combative strategies, The ,basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus is an ideal model interactions between aquatic wood- and/or organism for molecular studies of meiosis. The process leaf-inhabiting fungi were examined. Radial of meiosis is naturally synchronous in cinereus, its growth rates and characteristics of hyphal meiqtic chromosomes are easily studied using the light interactions of eight Ascomycetes and 10 Fungi microscope, and its genetic analysis is well developed. Imperfecti grown in pairs on cornmeal agar were In order to isolate mutants defective in aspects of meiotic determined. Ascomycetes isolated from wood DNA metabolism, we screened mitotic cultures for generally inhibited the growth of more species and sensitivity to ionizing radiation, since gene products caused greater reductions in radial growth than necessary for radiation repair are often also needed for Fungi Imperfecti . isolated from leaves. Two meiotic recombination. We isolated six mutants that Ascomycetes, Pseudohalonectria lignicola and show mitotic sensitivity to ionizing radiation, and have Pseudohalonectria CS-656-1, inhibited the radial found that two of these produce drastically reduced growth of all species tested. These species and numbers of viable basidiospores, the products of meiosis. two additional Ascomycetes, which were strongly One of the mutants fails to pair its homologous inhibitory, produced a diffusible yellow pigment. chromosomes during meiotic prophase, and the other is Radial growth of ~ilosporelli annklidica, defective in a later stage of the meiotic process. Current Clavariopsis aquatica. Tetracladium marchalianum. studies are focused on determining epistatic relationships Trichocladium lignicola. Anguillospora gigantea among the mutants, and in characterizing their meiotic and Nectria haematococca was strongly inhibited by defects cytologically, genetically, and biochemically. 13 or more species. Only 16 out of 171 possible This work was supported by NSP (grant PCM8215694) and interactions showed mutual hyphal intermingling NCI (NRSA P32 CA07395). with no apparent inhibition. Five of the sixteen interactions were from pairings of like species.

LAZIOBOLUS

50 PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE--FOR GIVE-AWAY, SALE, OR EXCHANGE

T. T. Ahti will exchange KARSTENIA vol s. 1-23 for other mycological journals, books or reprint collections. A1 so available are subscriptions for new issues (US $10/year), Write T. Ahti, Dept. of Botany, University of He1 sinki , Unioninkatu 44, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland. L. R. Batra has some monographs and floras for sale; please write for the list (See -Chanyes of Address for Respondence). D. J. Politis offers for sale PHYTOPATHOLOGY (Vols. 54-59 and 63-74, and MYCOLOGIA (Vol . 65-69) (See Changes of Address for Respondence).

R. E. Macho1 has a few duplicates for sale--write him for a list.

J. M. McPartland wants to exchange a 1968 reprint of Raper, Thom and Fennel's A MANUAL OF PENICILLIA for the USDA's AGRICULTURAL HANDBOOK #I65 or will sell to the "highest bidder".

The series of papers published recently in Kew Bulletin by D. N. Pegler, T. W. K. Young & G. Beaton on GASTEROID BASIDIOMYCOTA OF VICTORIA STATE, AUSTRALIA is now availablle as a bound publication. Price: L4.40 (incl . VAT, p & p). Orders to Orangery Bookshop, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surry TW9 3AE, England. Payment can be by Mastercard/Visa credit card, supplying card number and expi ration date.

Gary Samuels notes that his ANNOTATED INDEX TO THE MYCOLOGICAL WHITINGS OF FRANZ PETRAK, Vol. 1: A-B, Vol. 2: C, Vol. 3: D-G, Vol. 4: H-L, and Vol. 5: M-0 are available from Publications Officer, Science Information Publishing Centre; DSIR, P. 0. 9741, We1 linyton, New Zealand. Price: NZ $9.50 + $2.50 postage per volume.

Christian Vol bracht sti11 has old books by authors 1i ke Lange, Schaffer, Istrauffi , Farlow, Inteuga , Singer , Rocques , etc . Contact Lynne Sigler to order the CATALOGUE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA MICROFUNGUS COLLECTION AND HERBARIUM, 2nd Edition, 1986, 166pp. Price: $8.00 (Canadian) + $2.00 Postage for North American and international surface mai 1, add $5.00 for international air mail.

The Farlow Library, 20 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, offers its 1986 list of Publications Available (many reprints free except for cost of postage; some publications for sale). A separate 1 ist of reprints received from Dr. Carroll W. Dodge is also available (ask for Dodye--Pub1 ications).

C. W. Hesseltine has for sale THE HYPODERMATACEAE OF CONIFERS by G. D. Darker, 1932 for $5.00 and MANUAL OF THE RUSTS IN US & CANADA by J. C. Arthur, 1934 for $25.00.

Paul P. Vergeer is offering for sale the complete set of view-master reels from A. H. Smith's MUSHROOMS IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATS for $70.00.

Philip A. Orpurt has the following books for sale (make a reasonable offer): Ainsworth, Sparrow, and Sussman. THE FUNGI: AN ADVANCED TREATISE VOL. IV A AND VOL. IV B. Academic Press. 1973.; Skinner, Emmons, and Tsuchiya. HENKICI'S MOLD'S YEASTS, & ACTINOMYCETES (2nd ed.). J. Wi ley & Sons. 1947.; Alexopoulos, C. J. INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY. J. Wiley & Sons. 1952.; and Gray. W. D. THE RELATION OF FUNGI TO HUMAN AFFAIRS. .Hal t-Dryden. 1959.

Rodham E. Tulloss offers the Bibliography & Index to North American Literature on Amanita (for cost of copying & postage) ca. 126 pp. (Still in draft, but growing).

Wm. Hugh Boll inger (NPI) has several pub1 ications relating to soi 1 microorganisms and plant genetics (See Changes of Address for Respondence).

Dieter Schierenbery has special lists of books in Botany and Mycology. Write him at Prinsengrdcht 485-487, 1016 HP, Amsterdam, Holland. 51 Bryce Kendrick offers, via Mycologue Publications, a catalog of 700 35mm teaching slides for $1.00. He will a1 so send a list of currently available books. Write him for details.

Andrew Weintraub offers A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OR TECHNIQUE FOR STERILIZATION OF CULTURE MEDIA (No Autoclaving needed). He also has sterile water extracts available from various plant materials. Write him for more information.

Walter J. Sundbery will sell Sundbery & Richardson, MUSHROOMS AND OTHER FLESHY FUNGI OF LAND BETWEEN THE LAKES, 64 p., 98 color photos, 1980. Prepay $3.50 (includes postage and padded mai 1i ng envelope).

COMPUTER SOFTWARE AVAILABLE--FOR GIVE-AWAY. SALE. OR EXCHANGE

PC-TAXON Version 2.0. Build, search and print synoptic keys. Key limits: 255 taxa, 99 characters (each with 99 states). With manual and (classroom-tested and enjoyed) key to 60 genera of yilled mushrooms. IBM PC or compatible. $75.00 from COMPress, P. 0. Box 102, Wentworth , NH 03282.

.,a .! PILOBOL US PUBLICATIONS WANTED

J. Amni rati needs two copies of LOWER FUNGI IN THE LABORATORY by M. S. Fuller.

W. H. Bol 1 inger wants publ ications on fungi cultivation methods, fungal genetics, and ecological growth characteristics. (See Changes of Address for Respondence)

M. M. Carreiro would like MUCORALES by H. Zycha, Linnemann, and R. Siepmann. 1969. Verlag Von J. Cramer; and MUCORINEAE by H. Zycha. 1963. Verlag von J. Cramer. (See Changes of Address for Respondence)

R. A. Humber needs VEGETABLE WASPS AND PLANT WORMS. M. C. Cooke. 1892. London: Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge. 364 pp.

G. C. Kaye is interested in obtaining any material on the cultivation of edible mushrooms (especially old North American publ ications), old field guides or pamphlets on mushroom identification in North America, and A. H. Smith's MUSHROOMS IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATS.

H. W. Keller would like MYCOLOGIA (1943 to 1953) preferably bound.

R. E. Macho1 seeks old and rare books on mushrooms, includiny fragments of very old works, and a1 so Cortinari us plates from Lucand.

M. McGinnis would 1 ike old medical mycology books.

R. T. Moore needs the film SLIME MOLDS I11 (IDENTIFICATION) by Koevenig.

G. Okada needs TAXONOMY OF FUNGI IMPERFECT1 by B. Kendrick (ed.). 1971. University of Toronto Press.

T. J. Poprawski wants past issues of MycologialMycopath. and used books on mycologylplant , etc., to set up the European Parasite Laboratory library; he is willing to pay shipping costs (See Changes of Address for Respondence).

K. A. Seifert would like A COMPENDIUM OF SOIL FUNGI by Domsch, Gams, and Andersson (See Changes of Address for Respondence).

S. L. Stephenson would like reprints on Myxomycetes.

W. J. Sundberg wishes reprints (especially pre-1965) on the systematics of fleshy fungi.

R. E. Tulloss wants anything by or concerning Mrs. E. M. Williams, apparently the wife of an editor of Asa Gray Bulletin at the turn of the century and a self-taught amanitologist.

M. A. Vincent would like HYPHOMYCETES by C. V. Subramanian. 1971. Indian Council of Agricultural Research: New Del hi . 930 pp. R. E. Welty would like to purchase a copy of DISEASES OF CEREALS AND GRASSES IN NORTH AMERICA by Roderick Sprague. 1950. Ronald Press. Please call or write quoting a price.

S. S. Wilcer would like one or two copies of THE GENUS ASPERGILLUS by Raper & Fennell. (See Changes--- of Address for Respondence)

THE PROFESSOR WHO TOOK QUITE A SCARE AT BEING MISTOOK FOR A BEAR WHILE DIVING FOR COVER WAS PLEASED TO DISCOVER A FUNGUS NOTEWORTHY AND RARE. POSITIONS------WANTED 5 3

HACK SUNG JUNG would like a research and/or academic post in Mycology. Ph.0. in 1985 under Ronald H. Petersen, with a specialty in wood-rotting fungi (Basidiomycetes). Experienced in Forest Pat hol oyy and Ecol oyy . ROBERT W. MARTIN, JR. seeks a position teaching or doing research with lower fungi. Available immediately. Ph.D. in 1984 under C. E. Miller. Interests include parasitism, ecology, developmental biology, and genetics.

POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS- AVAILABLE

University of Washington: Postdoctoral position in fungus/pl ant molecular biology, its application to the ecology, physiology, and identification of mycorrhizae; interdisciplinary group. Contact Joseph Ammi rati (206) 543-1986 or Carol ine Bl edsoe (206) 545-0954.

USDA-National Fungus Collections: Is looking for a Postdoctoral researcher for a project on MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO SYSTEMATICS OF PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI. They may also have a postdoctoral position for someone to study FUNGI OF POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL OF NEMATOOES. Write or call Amy Y. Rossman, Bldg. OllA, Room 312, BARC-West, Beltsvil le, MD 20705.

Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) : Postdoctoral Associate needed to study INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY IN FUNGUS CULTURES. Experience with fungi , insects, and extractions and purification of natural products preferred. Salary range: $17-20.000. Contact Donald W. Roberts, BTI, Tower Road, Cornel 1 Uni versi ty, Ithaca , NY 14853.

VACANCIES-- FOR MYCOLOGISTS--

The Plant Path01oyy Department (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornel 1 University, Geneva, NY 14456) is seeking a full-time, permanent RESEARCH ASSISTANT. Position available Septembeer 1, 1986. To assist in research concerned with the biology of fungal cell growth and differentiation in Uromyces. Work will involve immunocytochemistry, SEM, TEM, LM and other routine 1aboratory procedures. R.S. or M.S. in biological sciences requi red. Experience in SEM and TEM (and LM) preferred. Salary range: $14,077-18,615. For more details, contact Dr. H. C. Hoch at the above address. Telephone: (315) 787-2332.

NPI expects to expand its fungal research programs dgri ng the next two years. Positions are available for FUNGAL GENETICISTS and MICROBIOLOGISTS interested in fungi. Contact Wm. H. Bollinyer, NPI, University Research Park, 417 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 54108.

ONYGENA COR VINA ASSISTANTSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS AVAILABLE-

Utah State University: Teachi ng/Research Assistantships avai 1able to work on BELOW-GROUND PROCESSES AND RECONSTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEMS. Contact Michael F. A1 1en, Department of Biol ogy, Utah State Uni versi ty, Logan, UT 84322-4500.

University of Texas: Graduate Student Research Assistantships in MYCOLOGY. Write G. T. Cole, Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713.

University of Illinois: Assistantship for M.S. degree student to do research on FUNGAL PARASITES of the soybean cyst nematode. Learn more from 0. A. Glawe, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.

University of Illinois: Teaching Assistantships, competitive fellowships. For more information, write C. A. Shearer, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinis, Rm. 289 Morri 11 Hal 1 , 505 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61821.

University of Arkansas: Teaching Assistantship for graduate students who would like to do PHYSIOLOGICAL or ECOLOGICAL WORK ON PROTOSTELIDS. Contact Fred Spiegel , Department of Botany & Microbi 01 ogy, University of Arkansas, Fayettevi 1le, AR 72701.

University of Vermont: Teaching Assistantship for graduate student, stipend and tuition award, competitive fellowship for postdoctoral research. Contact Carlene Raper, Department of Medical Microbi 01 ogy, Col 1ege of Medeci ne, Uni versi ty of Vermont, Burl ington, VT 05405.

University of Minnesota: Teaching Assistantships and Fellowships (full, partial , and sumner) from the Botany Graduate Program. Learn more from Iris Charvat, Director of Graduate Studies, 220 Bio Science Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.

University of Florida: Assistantships available on a competitive basis to do FUNGAL IDENTIFICATIONS at the Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesvil le, FL 32611.

Farlow Reference Library L Herbarium: The Friends of the Farlow announces the availability of an annual graduate fellowship for the study of cryptogamic botany at the Farlow. The fellowship is intended to cover expenses up to $1000 for students enrolled in graduate degree programs who wish to engage in short-term study at the Farlow. Contact the Farlow Reference Library & Herbarium, Harvard University, 20 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Medical College of Ohio: Research Studentships with full stipend are often available in the Department of Microbiology. Contact Paul F. Lehmann, Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, C.S. #10008, Toledo, OH 43699.

Southern I11 i noi s University: Doctoral Fellowshi p, for 1987-1988, with $10,000 stipend plus tuition waiver for each of 3 years (Uni versity-wide competition, 5 avail able). A1 so Teaching Assistantship (avai 1 able on Departmental competitive basis) for M.A. or Ph.D. aspirant in SYSTEMATIC MYCOLOGY. Duties in General Biol ogy, General Botany and/or Forest Pathology. Write W. J. Sundberg, Dept. of Botany, SIU, Carbondal e , IL 62901.

MUCOR AMBIGUUS -----TRAVELS AND VISITS 55

GARRY T. COLE will spend four months (May-August) working with D. W. R. Mackenzie and V. Hearn, Central Pub1 ic Health Lab, London, England on isolation and characterization of anti gens from Coccidioides immitis.

Visitors to Gaston Guzman's lab at INIREB during Summer-Autumn 1985 were: Leif Ryvardin (Norway), FLORENCE NISHIDA (Los Anyeles) , Sabine Riess (Italy), Oriana Maggi (Italy), JAMES M. TRAPPE, and STEVEN CAKPENTEK.

DAVID PORTER spent six nonths at Portsmouth Polytechnic (June-December 1985) workiny on marine fungi.

E. 8. GARETH JONES recently visited with F. Uyenco (Philippines), T. K. Tan (Singapore National University) and K. Hyde (Brunei ). After attending a Marine Biodeterioration Conference in Goa, India, in January 1986 he visited Dr. Raghukuma (National Institute of Oceanography, Goa); M. Vanucci (UNESCO, Delhi); K. G. Mukerji (Department of Botany, Delhi University); and J. K. Misra (Department of Botany, Lucknow).

ROLF SINGER visited for two days in October 1985 with Pave1 Lizon at the Slovak National Museum in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, during his stay in Vienna, Austria.

MICHAEL MCGINNIS was invited by the Australian Society of Microbiology to present a series of lectures and workshops on medical mycology in Australia in May 1986.

OSWALD HILBER is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Vi rginia Polytechnic Institute and State University carrying out research on Pleurotus with 0. K. Miller, Jr. Kyung Joon Lee spent January at Virginia Tech with 0. K. Miller, Jr. working on a Joint NSF Project researching ectomycorrhi zae of Korean pines.

Visitors to the Field Museum since August 1985 included WILLIAM BRIDGE COOKE (Cincinnatti, OH), and 0. JEAN LODGE (San Juan, Puerto Rico; Dee Scholarship recipient).

Alice P. Baxter, curator of the dried collection of the National Collection of Fungi (PREM), is visitiny CMI from July to December 1986 to confer with Sheila M. Francis on the genus Alternaria.-- During the latter part of her six-month visit to England she will work with Derek ~eidat Kew on the Polypores.

GARY J. SAMUELS participated in the Royal Entomol ogical Society (London) Expedition, Project Wallace to North Sulawesi, (Indonesia) in September-November 1985. He spent January-April 1986 collecting fungi in French Guyana. ,JEAN BOISE (Farlow) was with him during January. This was the first major mycological exploraton of French Guyana.

D. JEAN LODGE, Center for Eneryy and Environmental Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico, visited the lab of Rolf Singer in April 1986.

HARRY D. THIERS served as chief mycologist for the spring foray of the Oregon Mycological Society . M. M. Payak, Head, Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Del hi, India, visted the lab of M. J. Thirumalachar on his way back to India from the Maize workshop, CIMMYT, Mexico City.

Visitors to Farlow Herbarium, 1985-1986: JOSIAH LOWE (Syracuse, NY), FRANCOISE CANDOUSSAU (Paris, France), ROBERT SHOEMAKER (Ottawa, Canada), DAVID N. PEGLER (Kew, England), KENT MCKNIGHT (Beltsvi1 le, MD) , HOWARD BIGELOW, MARGARET BARR, and EMORY SIMMONS (Amherst, MA), J1\19ES AOASKAVEG (Tucson, AZ), C. Y. LING and H. R. YONG (Baoding, Hebei, China), MEREDITH BLACKWELL (Baton Rouge, LA), WILLIAM BRIDGE COOKE (Cincinnati, OH), CHRISTINE MANVILLE (Phi lade1phia, PA), ROY HALI-ING (New York, NY) , DAVID J. GALLOWAY and JIJDITH DIMENT (British Museum of Natural Hi story, England), ROGER GOOS (Kingston, RI) , MASON HALE (Washington, DC) , and ISABELLE TAVARES (Berkel ey, CA) . D. H. PFISTER visited Harry Thiers and David Largent in May and gave lectures to the San Franci sco Mycological Society and Humbol dt Mycology Club.

JAMES M. TRAPPE visited Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato at Chapingo, Mexico and Gaston Guzman at Xalapa in October. He and RANDY MOLINA collected hypogeous fungi in Spain during May 1986 in collaboration with Isabel A1 varez. Kyung Joon Lee from Seoul National University, Korea, spent a week with J. M. Trappe, February 5-12, 1986. Mr. Efren Cazares, Inst. Tecnologico de Cuidad Victoria, Mexico arrived in January for 6 months of study of hypogeous fungi, and Ing. Vicente Pena, University of Chapingo, arrived on March 1 for 6 months of training on mycorrhi zae.

JOHN W. RIPPON visited the lab of Walter J. Sundberg at Southern Illinois University on April 23-26, 1986.

VisItors with Jack D. Rogers this year included LILIANE PETRINI, Zurich, Switzerland, for 4 months; FRANCOISE CANDOUSSAU, Pau, France; and DAVID AND ELLEN FARR, Be1 tsvi 11e, MD.

VAN COTTER and his wife, Irene, returned to Virginia Polytechnic and State University following a year in Nepal on a Junior Fulbright Scholarship. Van was studying ectomycorrhizal bol etes associated with Asian pines.

FRANCIS W. HOLMES spent 'the past year as a Senior Research Fellow and Fellow of the International Agrarisch Centrum at the National Agricultural University and the National Forestry and Landscape Experiment Station in Wageningen, The Netherlands. There, he worked on the interactions of deicing-road salt and Vertici 11 iurn a1 bo-atrum, historical studies on Dutch Elm Disease, and a Dutch-Engl ish Grammar Dictionary.

KAREN NAKASONE spent May 19 to June 5 at the laboratory of Walter J. Sundberg at Southern I11 inois University collecting and culturing resupinate fungi in the region and annotating some of the mycological collections in the Southern I11 i noi s University Herbari um.

WEN-HSIUNG KO returned from a five-week visit in Korea, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan where he presented several seminars and counciled students, faculty, and other researchers on aspects of plant disease (macadamia, tea, ginseng diseases, soi 1borne diseases, etc. ) and suppressive soi 1s. (See Papers, Seminars, Workshops, and Symposia for more). 57 PAPERS,----.----- SEMINARS, SYMPOSIA,--- - AND WORKSHOPS

MICHAEL F. ALLEN presented an invited paper "Below-ground spatial patterning: influence of root architecture, microorganisms and nutrients on plant survival in arid 1ands" at a symposium on "Reconstruction of Disturbed Arid Ecosystems" at the AAAS meetings in May, Phi lade1phi a, PA. The symposium proceedings will be published by Westview Press.

RICHARD A. HUMBER delivered the keynote address (on Zygomycete phylogeny) at the 6th Ontario/Quebec Mycology Workshop in Mississauga, Ontario, March 1-2, 1986.

OKSON K. MILLER, JR. presented (a) a seminar: "Higher fungi in snowbanks, deserts, and arctic tundra" on April 3, 1986, to the Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan; (b) a paper: "Whence cometh the Agarics? A reappraisal" with Roy Watling at the symposium on Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi held April 7-11, 1986 at the University of Bristol , Great Britain; (c) a paper: "Fungi of the North American Deserts" to the New York Mycological Society, New York, Academy of Science on February 18, 1986; and (d) a lecture: "Mushrooming in Central Europe" on March 28, 1986, to the Los Angeles Mycol ogical Society, Los Angel es State Uni versity.

WALTER LITTEN, with J. M. Shagula and E. J. McLaughlin, presented "Fruiting of British Heather Endophyte on Maine blueberry roots," April 19, 1986 at the New England Mycologists Conference.

JOHN M. MCPARTLAND del ivered an invited seminar entitled "Taxonomy of Cannabis pathogens and Osteopathic Medicine" at USDA-ARS, Be1 tsville, Maryland, May 16, 1986.

ANDREW S. METHVEN gave a paper on "The fungus flora of Highlands, North Carolina and vicinity" at the Association of Southeastern Biologists meetings held at the University of South Carol ina, Columbia, South Carol ina, Apri 1 9-12, 1986.

IRA F. SALKIN presented a report on "Proficiency testing in New York State" before the annual meeting of the Israel Society for Microbiology in ,Jerusalem on January 30, 1986.

HARRY D. THIERS spcke to the Mycological Society of San Francisco on "The Genus Russula in California" and presented "The Boletes of Western North America" to the Oregoniological Society . JAMES M. TRAPPE presented (a) "Occurrence of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil" at a workshop at Harvard Forest on symbioses sponsored by the Yale-Harvard Program in Forest Microbiology, April 12, 1986; (b) a series of lectures on mycorrhizae at the University of Chapingo, Mexico, October 7-11, 1985; and (c) "Biol ogy and Taxonomy of Hypogeous Fungi", Breitenbush Mushroom Conference, Oregon on October 31, 1985.

RYTAS VILGALYS del ivered a tal k on "Evol utionary systemati cs of the Col-- lybi a -dryophi 1a group" at the British Mycological Society General Meeting in April 1986.

FREDERICK T. WOLF presented a seminar entitled "The history of Mycology" at Memphis State Uni versi ty, Memphi s, Tennessee on Apri 1 1, 1986.

C. W. HESSELTINE chaired a session on fer~nentdtionand helped organize and at the joint United States and Japan meeting of the Japanese & Amer'ican Oil Chemist Society on May 14-18 in Honol dlu, Yawai i . JOHN W. RIPPON presented "Around The World With Ringworm" to the Southern Illinois University Chapter of the Society of The Sigma Xi, and "Smuts, Molds and Mushrooms--The New Wave of Opportuni stic Fungi " to the Southern I11 inoi s lJni versi ty Depart~nentof Botany on Apri 1 24 and April 25, 1986 respectively.

During a five-week trip to Korea, the Philippines, Malaysia and Taiwan, WEN-HSIUNG KO presented the following seminars at the institutions noted: (a) "Hormonal regulation of sexual 58 reproduction in Phytophthora", at Seoul National University, Korea; (b) "Suppressive Soi 1s: Detection and suppression mechanisms" , at Dongguk Uni versi ty, the Agricultural Sciences Institute, Korea, the International Rice Research Institute, Laguna, Philippines, and Taiwan National University, Taiwan; (c) "Ph tophthora capsi ci--Suppressi ve Soi 1 : Its detection and mechanism of suppression", -+--in Kua a ~umpumaysia; and (d) "Integrated control of banana wilt" at the Taiwan Banana Research Institute, Taiwan.

E. B. GARETH JONES recently lectured on the "Microbiology of the Mangroves" at a UNESCO workshop in the Philippines.

CHANGES OF AFFILIATION OR STATUS

LING-LING HUNG is now a postdoctoral research associate at the Soil Science Department, Uni versi ty of Florida, Gai nesvi 1le, Florida.

GARY A. HUNT has become Director of Research at the Balco Reforestation Centre, in British Columbia and wi11 conduct mycorrhi zal innocul ation studies.

CARLA J. R. KLITTICH joined the lab of John F. Leslie in January 1986 as a postdoctoral research associate and is working on an analysis of genetic instability in Fusarium--- moniliforme-- (Gibberel la fujikkuroi ).

IAN D. REID transfered within the National Research Council of Canada from Plant Biotechnoloyy Institute in Saskatoon to the new Biotechnology Research Institute in Montreal to lead a group working on bi01 ogical modification of 1i gnin.

RODNEY ROBERTS has accepted a position as postharvest plant pathologist, USDA:ARS, at the Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, Washington.

CECELIA ROUX obtained the Ph.D. degree under supervision of KONRAD T. VAN WARMELO at the Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa, where she concentrated on conidiogenesis in the Coelomycetes. (Dissertation: "The morphology and taxonomy of some fungi selected from a Survey of a Natural Karoo Pasture"). Cecelia is now curator of the Culture Collection of the National Collection of Fungi (code PREM).

GARY J. SAMUELS has just moved from the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research to the New York Botanical Garden.

HAROLD P SCHAFFER is now an independent consultant to health care products industry specializing in sterile products.

KEITH A. SEIFERT has completed his doctorate at CBS and has accepted a position as curator of the culture collection at Forintek, a Canadian forest products laboratory.

RYTAS VILGALYS, currently on a postdoctoral at the Mycology Laboratory of the USDA, has accepted a position as Assistant Professor of Botany at Duke University.

PSEUDOPEZIZA TRIFOLIA KEYS TO --GLOMUS SPECIES WITH SPOKES LACKING CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAKE THEM EASY TO IIIENTIFY

Spores of many species of the vesicular-arbuscular rnycorrhizal genus Glomus have so few distinguishing features that their identification can be painfully di fficu~sseemingly impossible. When orthodox keys such as those of Gerde~nannand Trappe (1974), Hall and Fish (1977), and Trappe (1982) do not enable one to put a name on a difficult specimen, two new keys, constructed by R. E. Koske, may be appropriately employed. In preliminary tests of the two new keys by graduate students, the accuracy of identification averaged 16 and 34%, respecti vely, we1 l within the range of results achieved using more traditional ones. Due to MSA Newsletter space limitations, only Key 2 (34% accuracy) is included here; for a copy of KG~(a bracket type, semi -di chotomous) , write R. E. Koske) . Key 2

Cut out or copy the following figure and attach it to a large piece of cork or soft wood. Facing away from the mounted key, throw a single dart over your shoulder toward the Key. Continue throwing darts until one lands in a labelled sector or in the center. This identifies the specimen in question. Some species are represented by larger sectors, indicating the relative frequency of their appearance in the literature. Darts striking the inner part of a sector should be interpreted as conveying a high degree of certainty of the identification. "Liners" cannot be used (i.e., identifying a species as being in the Glomus constrictum-Glomus -occultum "complex" is not allowed) and must be re-thrown. lnvestigat~w~thefieldshould stmometers from the Key when throwing, and experienced taxonomists should throw from 6 meters. 60 -HONORS, AWARDS, AND PROMOTIONS

DANIEL P. DYLEWSKI was promoted from Research Scientist to Senior Research Scientist on January 15, 1986 at Kraft, Inc., Research & Development, Glenview, Illinois.

GASTON GUZMAN was invited to join the Editorial Board of ----Mushroom Newsletter for--- the Tropics at Hong Kong by Dr. S. T. Chang.

ANDREW S. METHVEN has been awarded a Gertrude S. Burlingham Fellowship by the New York Botanical Garden.

ROY E. HALLING was awarded a NSF grant to carry out "Monographic studies on Collybia in tropical South America."

MICHAEL MCGINNIS has been elected Vice-President, International Society for Human and Animal Mycol ogy . LAFAYETTE FREDERICK received the Meritorious Teaching Award of the Association of Southeastern Biologists (ASB) at their annual meeting that was held at the University of South Carolina, Apri 1 9-12. He a1 so served as president of ASB during the year 1985-86.

WAYNE C. ROSING has been recommended for tenure as an Associate Professor at Middle Tennessee State University.

STEVEN L. STEPHENSON was awarded a Fulbright to conduct research on myxomycete ecology in the forests of northern India duriny the 1986-87 academic year. He will be working with T. N. Lakhanpal at Himachal Pradesh Uni versi ty.

PAUL J. SZANISZLO received one of six college of Natural Sciences Teaching Excellence Awards presented April 12, 1986 by the Natural Sciences Student Council at their Annual Honors Day Awards Ceremony at The University of Texas at Austin. The award was student initiated and was made in recognition of his teaching efforts in mycology in the Department of Microbiology and in the College of Natural Sciences. The college consists of eleven departments and over four hundred faculty.

MARIA MARAVIGNA was recently awarded a Medal of Honor for her we1 1 known mushroom sculpture work.

ROLF SINGER was honored at a testimonial dinner given by the Field Museum of Natural History on June 12, 1986. This occasion was in appreciation for his many years of outstanding service to Science at the Museum and coincided with his 80th birthday (June 23).

JACK D. ROGERS received the Washington State Uni versity Faculty Excellence Award for Research for 1986. The award was presented by President Samuel Smith--a plant pathologist and authority on mushroom diseases--at commencement ceremonies. Jack is serving as chairman of the Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, "hopefully for a short term." PERSONAL------NEWS

L. R. RATKA wishes to thank all of those colleagues who wrote him at the time of his heart surgery. He reports that he is doing fine now.

Guil lerme James and Tiago Patrick born to ROSELY and TOM BOOTH.

GEORGE and MARY CHAMURIS gave birth to a baby girl , Marguerite Elaine, on April 25, 1986.

Emily Rose Humber born to RICHARD and AMY HUt4BEH on July 4, 1985!

RODNEY and NANCY ROBERTS announce the birth of their daughter, Emma Jean, on March 24, 1986.

Maryaret Anne Vincent was born January 11, 1986, to MIKE and MARY VINCENT.

D. H. PFISTER will be on leave in the fall of 1985. He will be completing various projects on Discomycetes as well as some related to the early mycological literature project, (the latter in association with Jean Boise).

P. ORPURT is retiring from teaching and the chairmanship of the Manchester College Department of Biology at the end of the present spring semester. Although retiring, he will be available to present short seminars on fungi or if an instructor in mycoloyy or general botany is needed on a short term basis to fill in while someone is on leave or on sabbatical, he may be able to he1 p out.

WILLIAM I. ILLMAN will retire from Carleton University in September 1, 1986, and looks forward to carrying on research on microfungi on his own. His third daughter, Marguerite, married David White on August 24, 1985.

We regret to report the following deaths:

CONSTANTINE JOHN ALEXOPOULOS, on May 15, 1986, at his home with his wife, Julliet, present. For friends and others who wish to write, Julliet's address is 917 Calithea Road, Austin, TX 78746.

GERLIND EGER-HUMMEL, on April 2, 1986.

RONALD OWEK, who yrew the first morels and was a graduate student of H. 0. Thiers, was murdered on the streets of San Francisco on approximately April 1, 1986. No leads, no arrests, no clues . MITSUO TAKASHIO, on March 22, 1986. 62 NOTES AND COMMENTS-

A NEW PROGRAM

A cooperative Yal e-Harvard Program in Forest Microbiology (PFM) has been establ ished and staffed. The PFM sponsored a workshop at Harvard Forest, April 11-13, on common features in Frankia and vesi cul ar-arbuscular mycorrhi zal symbioses.

BRAZILIAN FUNGI DEPOSITED AT THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Roy Hall ing reports that The New York Botanical Garden has received 648 specimens of fungi as a gift from the University of Washington Herbarium (WTU). The fungi were collected in the early 1970's in the vicinity of Sao Paulo, Brazil by Mr. B. V. Skvortzov, and were sent by him to Daniel E. Stuntz for WTU for determination. Most specimens have been named only to genus. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes are represented in the col lection, with Aphyl lophoral es predominating. Once processing is completed, the specimens will be inserted in the fungus herbarium at NY, and will be available for loan. Copies of the partial determination list are avai 1able on request.

TRAVELING ABROAD?

Tad J. Poprawski announces the opening of a new Insect Pathology Unit (emphasis: Fungi) at the USDA--Agricultural Research Service European Parasite Laboratory (13-17 rue de la Masse; 7810 Orgerus-Behoust) in France. He notes'that a1 1 insect path01 ogists are welcome for short-termllong-term stays at the Laboratory which has lodging facilities on the property. For more information, contact him. (See Changes of Address for Respondence).

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL DEVELOPMENT

A new fungal parasite of the oak tent caterpillar, Malacosoma constrictum, which produces blastospores in culture has been developed to the stage of fitting it into microbial insecticide. Inoculated larvae stop feeding and die within 4 to 6 days. The ease of multiplication in submerged fermentors and further hand1 ing to make it a microbial insecticidal product has made this a very interesting organism in biocontrol of other insects as well.

THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATE MYCOLOGISTS ARE AT IT AGAIN

Jerry Motta reports that the Sixth Annual Middle Atlantic States Mycology Conference was he1 d at Towson State University in Mary1 and. Thi rty-fi ve mycol ogi sts gathered to hear twel ve contributed papers and participate in the foray. The featured speaker was Mark Miller from Lambert Spawn Company.

A MYCOLOGICAL ALERT!

On December 31, 1961, the late Professor George W. Martin collected some elm bark and placed it in a moist chamber, undoubtedly to yield the protoplasmodial slime mold Echinostelium for class study. Among other products of this venture was a synnematous fungus describ;edTr Morris (1966; Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 288: 97-107) as Phragmo~hium-- - ulmi. The genus name was a 1ater homonym of a species described earl ier by Hennings, so Morem '(1968; Taxon 17: 528) proposed the name Moriisographi um to replace Phragmographi um Morris. The elm bark fungus meanwhile was confuse with a similar species on tiigs->nach which had been described as Isariopsis pilosa by Earle (1897; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 28-32) and much earlier by Schweinitz J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 35: 1-19) as Periconia peresicae. When we validated Morri----- sographium ulmi I1lman and Whi tT-(19m @%faxon 19: 145-150) as one of several species transferred to this- genus, we cited two older collections deposited in DAOM as ell as collections of our own from crevices of elm bark from the field and from 63 moist chamber holdings, all from one tree. Since then, classes at Carl eton Uni versi ty have discovered Morri sographi um ulmi on bark samples of elm and maple placed in high humidity (in search of ~chinos-nxuary 1984, 1985, and 1986. Fidel ity of occurrence in these three seasons ame-ldrge numbers of synnernata in the latest instance would indicate that this organism is probably much more common than had been suspected. I would be pleased to hear from members of MSA who recover this synnematous hyphomycete from their bark collections held in high humidity!--W. I. Illman

A COMMENT ABOUT A COMMERCIAL

Geraldine Kaye wishes to point out an instance of deceptive advertising. Contrary to a claim by the pub1 isher of The Mushroom-- Culture, Harva~dUniversity is not a paying subscriber to this publ ication. This staement appears in a solicitation for commerfil ads which also 1ists a great many other reputable institutions as paid subscribers (The Mushroom Culture is a pub l ication of Florida Mycol oyy Research Center, Stephen L. peere, curator-)-.

1987 OBERLY AWARD NOMINATIONS

Nominations are sought for the 1987 Oberly Award for bibliographic excellence in the agricultural or related sciences. To be eligible, a bibliography must have been published in 1985 or 1986, and an author, editor, or compiler must be a U. S. citizen. Bibliographies will be judged on usefulness, scope, accuracy, format, explanatory features, and indexing methods. The award is administered by the Science and Technology Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries. It will be presented at the annual meeting of the American Library Association in 1987. Nominations in the form of a letter and including, if possible, a copy of the bib1iography, should be sent by January 1, 1987 to: John P. Abbott, Chair, Oberly Award Comni ttee, Box 8001, North Carol ina State Uni versi ty, Raleigh, NC 27695-8001.

GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE RESEARCH GRANTS

The Biological Research Station of The Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve, Inc., offers grants for the support of research in which the natural resources of the Huyck Preserve are utilized. These grants in amounts up to $3500 are available to graduate and post-graduate investigators. The 1,400 acre Preserve is located on the Helderberg Plateau, in the Town of Rensselaerville, 30 miles Southwest of Albany, New York. Included within the Preserve are natural and reforested woodlands, old fields, Lake Myosotis (100 acres), Lincoln Pond (10 acres) and approximately three mi1 es of intermittent st reams. Housing and laboratory space are provided on the preserve. Inqui re for instructi ons on appl icati on and additional information from: Box 188, Renssel aervi 1le, NY 12147.

ASSUCIATIONS AND CLUBS

These enthusiastic groups form grassroots types of mycological organizations which provide education, enjoyment, edification, and edibles for many. A number of these groups are affiliated with the MSA (see page 65); this involves joining the Society on the same terms as a Personal Member (i.e., dues of $35.00) with receipt of MYCOLOGIA and MSA NEWSLETTER.

A current nationwide topic--1 iabi 1i ty insurance escalation (higher costs, lower coverage) --has a1 so hit the mushroom clubs. Needed by some for normal operations (coverage against fire, theft and other normal li abi 1 ities), concern has been expressed regarding 1iabi 1ity for eating specimens found and/or identified via club-sponsored trips or shows. Although no problems have been encountered (and none are expected), the possibility of someday requiring responsiDility release forms for foray participation has at least been informally suggested in Mush---- Rumors (the News1 etter of the OREGON MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY). 64 Through severai mushroom clubs in the Pacific Northwest, discussions continue on the commericdl harvest of wild mushrooms. Workshops held on the subject indicate the need for research on picking and its effect on species survival--both mushrooms and the forest trees--and long term forest ecoloyy. Through the OREGON MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY, we learn that nine states currently have laws prohibiting commercial harvesting of wild mushrooms while Mycena News (Newsletter of the MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SAN FRANCISCO) reports that a state wide committee of Envi ronmentdl Health Di rectors is considering development of reyulations for state wide certification of wild mushroom pickers who sell to commerical markets.

The NORTH AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION and the MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SAN FRANCISCO offer this note for collectors. "Standard' waxed sandwich bags (nearly extinct) live on in the somewhat larger form of waxed Microwave Bags (Waxtex); 60 per box at less than $1.00.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS FOR RESPONDENCE-

The following individual s have moved or changed address since the printing of the 1984 MSA Directory and are requesting response to an announcement with this issue of the MSA Newsletter. Please make these changes in your Directory as they will not appear in future Newsletter issues.

L. R. Batra, Virology Laboratory, Rm. 252, Bldg OllA, BARC West, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705. William Hugh Bollinger, NPI, University Research Park, 417 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108. Julieta Carranza-Morse, P. 0. Box 115-1000, San Jose, Costa Rica, Central America. Margaret M. Carrei ro, Botany Dept ., University of Rhode Is1and, Kingston, RI 02881. Michael A. Caste1 1ano, Forestry Sciences Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corval 1is, OR 97331. Martin M. Kulik, Rm. 329, B-001, BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705. Victor Lapuszynski, R. R. tl, Box 83C, Derby, VT 05829. Hermilo L. Lara, Investigacion y Tecnologia Nimentaria, SA de CV, Holliere 63-1, Polanco, Mexico 11560 D.F. Pave1 Lizon, Novosvetska 34, CS-811 04 Bratisl ava, Czechoslovakia (Slovak National Museum, CS-814 36 Bratislava, Czechoslovakia). Gen Okada, Japan Coll ection of Microoryani sms, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Sesearch, Hi rosawa, Wako-shi , Saitama 351, Japan. D. J. Pol itis, 18638 Grosbeak Terr., Gaithersbury, MD 20879. Tadeusz J. Poprawski, European Parasite Lab, American Embassy, AGR, APO New York, NY 08777 Keith A. Sei fert , Biotechnol oyy Department, Fori ntek, Canada Eastern Lab, 800 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1K 325, Canada. Tom Stasz, Sturtevant Hal 1 , New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456. Scott S. Wi1 cer, Agrimerica Inc., 1829 Stanley Street, Northbrook, IL 60062.

-EDITOR 'S NOTE- (CONTINUED)--

A job 1ike the MSA Newsletter is never done alone. That a newsletter eventually emerges from the initial chaos of bits and pieces has been due in large measure to the able and pleasant assistance of Linda Neuman, who, as with past issues, he1 ped organize and type much of the contents herein. During my tenure as editor, Tim Began, Christopher Rest, Michael Doyle, Iwona Kubacka, Michael Mueller, Raafat Mohammadkhani, and Barbara Roy--all SIU graduate students and "friends of mycologyu--he1 ped at mailing time. I apprecicate their willingness (?) to share the blisters! Lastly, I thank the membership for your scientific and creative input, your trust, and your many kind words of support.

SUPPORT THE NEW EDITOR--SEND RICK KOSKE YOUR MYCOLOGICAL HUMOR AFFILIATED SOCIETIES

The Boston Flyco l oyi ca1 Club, c/o E. H. Hal 1i we1 1 , 855 Commonwealth Avenue, Newton, IqA 02159

Colorado Mycol oyi cal Society , Joan L. Betz, Secretary, 501 Clermont Parkway, Denver, CO 80220

The Mycoloyical Society of San Francisco, Loraine Berry, President, P. 0. Box ,11321, San Francisco, CA 94101

New York Mycoloyicdl Society, Attn: Mr. Emil Lang, 1700 York Avenue, New York, NY 10028

The North American Mycol oyical Association, Gary Lincoff, President, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458

The Ohio Mushroom Society, 288 E. North Avenue, East Palestine, OH 44413

Oregon Mycological Society, Inc., Donald Goetz, 6548 S.E. 30th Avenue, Portland, OK 97202

Societe Mycol oyique de Frdnce, 36 Rue Geoffrey-Ste. Hi l ai re, Pari s V, France

THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Application for Membership

NAME: AREA OF INTEREST (checkone) MAILING ADDRESS: Taxonomy-Morphology Ecology -Pathology Physiology-Biochemistry

-Cytology-Genetics ZIP CODE: TELEPHONE (include area code): Date on which you wish your membership to begin: January 1,19 Signature of member endorsing your application:

DUES INFORMATION (check one) -Associate Member...... $15.00 (Newsletter only) Regular Member...... $35.00 (Includes MYCOLOGIA and Newsletter) -Emeritus Member with MYCOLOGIA...... $15.00 Student Member...... $15.00 (Maximum eligibility - 5 years) -Affiliated Society ...... $35.00

Complete form and dues are to be sent to Dr. Amy Rossman, Treasurer, National Fungus Collections, Room 313, Bldg. 01 1A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705. PHONE: (301) 344-3366.

In the U.K. send payment to Dr. David Minter, CMI, Ferry Lane, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AF. WALTER J. SUNDBERG, EDITOR MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEWSLETTER NONPROFIT ORG. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY U.S. POSTAGE SOUTHEREJ ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY PAID CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS 62901 PERMIT NO. 15 USA CARBONDALE, IL

ROGER GOOS DEPT. OF BOTANY UNIV. OF RHODE IS' K INGSTONI R-1- 02881