Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas

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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PRISCILA MARCELINO DOS SANTOS SILVA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BIOENSAIOS UTILIZANDO CRAMOLL 1,4 COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO DO CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA Recife 2019 PRISCILA MARCELINO DOS SANTOS SILVA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BIOENSAIOS UTILIZANDO CRAMOLL 1,4 COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO DO CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Ciências Biológicas do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco como parte dos requisitos parciais para obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas. Área de Concentração: Biotecnologia Orientador: Profª. Drª. Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia Coorientador: Profª. Drª. Rosa Amália Fireman Dutra Colaboradores: Profª. Drª. Adriana Fontes e Profª. Drª. Madalena Carneiro da Cunha Areias Recife 2019 Catalogação na fonte Elaine C Barroso (CRB4/1728) Silva, Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Desenvolvimento de bioensaios utilizando Cramoll 1,4 como alternativa para o diagnóstico do câncer de próstata / Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Silva- 2019. 377 folhas: il., fig., tab. Orientadora: Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia Coorientadora: Rosa Amália Fireman Dutra Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas. Recife, 2019. Inclui referências, apêndices e anexos 1. Câncer de próstata 2. Biossensor eletroquímico 3. Cramoll 1,4 I. Correia, Maria Tereza dos Santos (orient.) II. Dutra, Rosa Amália Fireman (coorient.) III. Título 616.99463 CDD (22.ed.) UFPE/CB-2019-297 PRISCILA MARCELINO DOS SANTOS SILVA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BIOENSAIOS UTILIZANDO CRAMOLL 1,4 COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO DO CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Ciências Biológicas do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco como parte dos requisitos parciais para obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas. Aprovada em: 18/02/2019. BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia (Orientador) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ___________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho (Examinador Interno) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ___________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Maria Danielly Lima de Oliveira (Examinador Interno) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ___________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Madalena Carneiro da Cunha Areias (Examinador Externo) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ___________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Claudete Fernandes Pereira (Examinador Externo) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Aos meus pais Aluízio e Josefa, à minha irmã Abigail e ao meu esposo Allames, por estarem ao meu lado, pelo afeto, incentivo e confiança em todos os momentos, Dedico AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pela sua imensa bondade, pelas dádivas e oportunidades vividas em cada conquista. A Profª Drª Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia pela sua valiosa orientação, apoio, oportunidades e ensinamentos essenciais para meu crescimento científico. Obrigada pela confiança e paciência durante esses anos! A Profª. Drª. Madalena Carneiro da Cunha Areias, por ter aberto as portas e me acolhido no Laboratório de Eletroanalítica, pela sua imensa gentileza, confiança e orientação. A Profª. Drª. Claudete Fernandes Pereira, que gentilmente elaborou o planejamento fatorial para os experimentos com os eletrodos impressos. A Profª. Drª. Rosa Amalia Fireman Dutra, pelo acolhimento e oportunidade de desenvolver parte da minha pesquisa no Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica da UFPE. A Profª. Drª. Adriana Fontes, por ter aceitado me introduzir no mundo dos quantum dots, até então novo para mim, e me orientar no desenvolvimento dos ensaios fluorescentes. A Profª Drª Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho, por sempre acreditar em mim, pela confiança e oportunidade de podermos trabalhar juntas, unidas pelo desejo de explorar o mundo científico e contribuir, estar nele. Meu agradecimento especial também a Priscilla Sales e Weslley Félix, grandes e estimados colaboradores. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pelo apoio financeiro concedido durante o desenvolvimento dessa tese. Ao Centro de Tecnologia Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), pelo suporte técnico na caracterização estrutural das superfícies eletródicas. A Drª Amanda Lima, que gentilmente cedeu as amostras sorológicas dos pacientes para realização deste trabalho. Aos professores do Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - UFPE, que contribuíram para minha formação científica e aprendizado durante o doutorado. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas da UFPE, pela convivência e parceria desde minha iniciação científica. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica da UFPE, pela convivência, e por compartilhar experiência e aprendizado. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Biofísica Química, pela atenção e carinho. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Eletroanalítica, pela convivência e amizade. Aos colegas da minha turma de doutorado, pela companhia, amizade e motivação, que nos fazem superar os obstáculos e alcançar nossas metas. Ao meu esposo Allames, pelo carinho diário, confiança, apoio incondicional e por dividir o fardo dos estresses e as alegrias. A minha irmã Abigail, pela amizade, confiança, carinho e incentivo. Aos meus pais Aluízio e Josefa, pelo grande amor e dedicação constantes voltados para mim; pelos conselhos, pela paciência e compreensão, por todo o bem! Vocês foram essenciais na jornada para essa conquista. Aos meus parentes e amigos, que próximos ou distantes acreditaram nos meus esforços e com palavras, orações e pequenos gestos mostraram seu carinho e apoio. “A curiosidade constante reacende todos os dias o interesse pela vida.” (MARX, 1987). RESUMO O câncer de próstata destaca-se por sua elevada incidência e mortalidade, e seu diagnóstico ainda representa um desafio na medicina. Alterações nos perfis de glicosilação têm sido identificadas como potenciais marcadores da doença. Lectinas têm sido utilizadas para investigar e detectar essas alterações, integradas a diferentes métodos bioanalíticos e ao uso de nanomateriais. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos bioensaios em microplacas e biossensores baseados em eletrodos sólidos e impressos empregando a lectina Cramoll 1,4, para analisar seu potencial na detecção de alterações nos perfis de glicosilação em soros de pacientes com câncer de próstata. Os ensaios foram padronizados com a glicoproteína fetuína, para a qual a lectina apresenta elevada afinidade. Foi desenvolvido um biossensor eletroquímico utilizando eletrodo sólido de carbono vítreo modificado com o polímero poli-L-lisina, nanotubos de carbono e Cramoll 1,4 para caracterização eletroquímica dos perfis de glicosilação em soros de pacientes com hiperplasia benigna prostática e câncer de próstata. Um estudo eletroquímico também foi efetuado em eletrodo impresso de carbono com nanotubos de carbono, para melhor analisar o fenômeno de interação de Cramoll 1,4 com fetuína. Um ensaio colorimétrico em microplaca utilizando Cramoll 1,4 conjugada à peroxidase e um ensaio fluorescente em microplaca com a lectina conjugada à nanocristais fluorescentes (quantum dots) também foram desenvolvidos. O biossensor de Cramoll 1,4 mostrou sinais de corrente significativamente diferentes para as amostras de hiperplasia e câncer de próstata após incubação com os soros, com um aumento do sinal correlacionado ao grau de agressividade do tumor. A detecção linear de fetuína por Cramoll 1,4 foi possível tanto no eletrodo sólido como no eletrodo impresso, revelando-se uma nova estratégia para avaliar a interação Cramoll 1,4 – fetuína, e futura aplicação na avaliação de perfis de glicosilação em amostras de soros. Os resultados parciais dos ensaios colorimétricos revelaram alterações dos perfis de glicosilação detectáveis em soros de câncer de próstata em relação à hiperplasia, a partir da observação de um aumento na reatividade de Cramoll 1,4 aos soros, correlacionado ao grau de agressividade do tumor. O ensaio colorimétrico tipo “sanduíche” para analisar os padrões de glicosilação do marcador de câncer de próstata, PSA, composto por anticorpo de captura e Cramoll 1,4 foi preliminarmente padronizado. O conjugado fluorescente de Cramoll 1,4 – Quantum dots mostrou-se ativo para marcação de Candida albicans e ligação à manana. Os métodos baseados em Cramoll 1,4 foram úteis na detecção da glicoproteína fetuína e mostraram potencial na detecção de perfis de glicosilação associados ao câncer de próstata, sendo alternativas úteis na investigação de alterações de glicosilação em diferentes fluidos biológicos, e até mesmo em células, relacionadas ao câncer de próstata e a outras doenças. Palavras-chave: Câncer de próstata. Cramoll 1,4. Nanotubos de carbono. Quantum dots. ABSTRACT Prostate cancer stands out because of its high incidence and mortality, and its diagnosis still poses a challenge in medicine. Changes in glycosylation profiles have been identified as potential markers of the disease. Lectins have been used to investigate and detect these changes, integrated with different bioanalytical methods and the use of nanomaterials. In this work, bioassays were developed in microplates and biosensors based on solid and printed electrodes
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