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Volume XVIII CONTENTS 2010 Outcastes and Medical Volume XVIII CONTENTS 2010 編纂者から From the Editors' Desk 1 Call for Papers; EMJNet at the AAS 2011 (with abstracts of presentations); This issue Articles 論文 On Death and Dying in Tokugawa Japan Outcastes and Medical Practices in Tokugawa Japan 5 Timothy Amos Unhappiness in Retirement: “Isho” of Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842), a Rural Elite 26 Commoner Takeshi Moriyama The Death of Kobayashi Yagobei 41 Scot Hislop Embracing Death: Pure will in Hagakure 57 Olivier Ansart Executing Duty: Ōno Domain and the Employment of Hinin in the Bakumatsu Period 76 Maren Ehlers In Appreciation of Buffoonery, Egotism, and the Shōmon School: Koikawa Harumachi’s Kachō 88 kakurenbō (1776) W. Puck Brecher The Politics of Poetics: Socioeconomic Tensions in Kyoto Waka Salons and Matsunaga 103 Teitoku’s Critique of Kinoshita Chōshōshi Scott Alexander Lineberger The History and Performance Aesthetics of Early Modern Chaban Kyōgen 126 Dylan McGee Book Reviews 書評 Nam-lin Hur. Death and Social Order in Tokugawa Japan: Buddhism, Anti-Christianity, and 136 the Danka System Michael Laver Jonathan E. Zwicker. Practices of the Sentimental Imagination: Melodrama, the Novel, and 137 the Social Imaginary in Nineteenth-Century Japan J. Scott Miller William E. Clarke and Wendy E. Cobcroft. Tandai Shōshin Roku Dylan McGee 140 Basic Style Guidelines for Final Manuscript Submissions to EMJ 143 Editor Philip C. Brown Ohio State University Book Review Editor Glynne Walley University of Oregon Editorial Board Cheryl Crowley Emory University Gregory Smits Pennsylvania State University Patricia Graham Independent Scholar The editors welcome preliminary inquiries about manuscripts for publication in Early Modern Japan. Please send queries to Philip Brown, Early Modern Japan, Department of History, 230 West seventeenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA or, via e-mail to [email protected]. All scholarly articles are sent to referees for review. Books for review and inquiries regarding book reviews should be sent to Glynne Walley, Re- view Editor, Early Modern Japan, 2661 Portland St. #6, Eugene, OR 97405. E-mail correspon- dence may be sent to tgwalley at gmail.com. Readers wishing to review books are encouraged to specify their interests in an e-mail to the Book Review Editor, Glynne Walley. EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2010 From the Editor: journals. Authors should feel free to contact the 編纂者のメッセージ editor at [email protected] with inquiries. 3) EMJNet at the AAS. The Early Modern Japan Network was first formed to support the 1) A Repeat Call for Manuscripts: Early presence of panels and papers on early modern Modern Japan, The State of the Field 2011. In Spring, 2000, EMJ, with support from the East Japan at the Association for Asian Studies. To that Asian Studies Center and the Center for Japanese end, we act as sponsors for panel proposals sub- Studies at The Ohio State University, sponsored a mitted to the AAS Annual Meeting Program conference on the state of the field of Early Mod- Committee as well as sponsoring our own meet- ern Japanese Studies. Participants assembled in ing in conjunction with the AAS Annual Meeting. People interested in having EMJNet support for Columbus, Ohio, to explore developments in the proposals submitted to the AAS or proposing field, primarily since it began to occupy consid- panels at the EMJnet meeting held in conjunction erable interest in the 1970s and 1980s. Essays with the AAS should contact Philip Brown and bibliographies from that conference were ([email protected]) early in the process of de- published in EMJ over three issues in the Spring veloping the panel proposal. For our own meeting and Fall 2002 and Spring 2003 issues. At the time, we have typically sponsored one or two panels, EMJ was a strictly print journal, but each of but we have had as many as four or five in the these issues sold very well – about 700 copies each. (Digital copies of the essays and bibliogra- past. phies are available on-line along with all EMJ This year’s program focuses on “time” in the back issues at early modern context. The panel will be held on https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/583 Wednesday afternoon (March 30), from 2:00 to Ten years have elapsed since that time, and a 5:30 p.m. in the Hilton Hotel (not in the Conven- tion Center), Honolulu Suite 1. PLEASE MAKE number of colleagues have expressed interest in A NOTE OF THE DATE, TIME AND PLACE. seeing updates to those essays. Like all "meetings in conjunction" this panel will EMJ would be pleased to receive proposals not be listed in the formal AAS Program (an- for essays to review the State of the Field from nouncements listing the panel will be available at interested authors. While broadly conceived registration). essays on the order of the original collection Given that AAS panels begin bright and early would be ideal (religion and thought, art history, on Thursday morning, we hope that those who fly literature and the performing arts, socio- in to make those sessions will join us for this in- economic history, political history, and foreign affairs), proposals for somewhat more narrowly triguing panel! focused essays are also welcome. Interested authors, please contact EMJ editor Philip Brown Time in Early Modern Japan at brown.113 at osu.edu. Organizer: Yulia Frumer (Princeton University) 2) Some reminders for other potential sub- missions: Time is, and always has been one of the basic a) EMJ has a long-standing interest in pro- elements of human existence. Its omnipresent posals for thematically linked essays and wel- character and its unavoidable influence on every comes thematically linked submissions of multi- aspect of life has troubled the human mind since ple manuscripts. Note, however, that each the dawn of history. There is no doubt that time- manuscript will be individually evaluated by refe- related practices and the very perception of time rees. constitute an important facet of the cultural iden- b) As always, we welcome submission of in- tity of any given society. In this sense, Edo soci- dividual scholarly articles, but in addition, we are ety was no exception. also interested in translations, discussions of This panel explores the ways time and time- teaching, and other professionally oriented mate- related practices were treated, manipulated and rials that do not normally appear in scholarly conceptualized in the Edo period. Each speaker focuses on a different element of Edo period cul- 1 EARLY MODERN JAPAN 2010 ture. Regan Murphy examines Buddhist discourse and explore the ways writing came to be seen as Calendar Time and Daily Life: the Diffusion of means to thwart time; Matthias Hayek analyzes Hemerological Lore through Books in Edo time calculations and predictions, focusing spe- Japan cifically on hemerological elements found in various genres of Edo-period literature; Yulia Presenter: Matthias Hayek (Université Paris Frumer discusses underlying temporal assump- Diderot) tions embedded in various shapes of mechanical clock-dials; and Dylan McGee looks at the role of I look into how several calendar-related be- clocks in Edo period literature through analysis of liefs played an important role in commoner cul- Santō Kyōden’s use of clocks as a literary device. ture during the Edo Period. The importance of calendars at that time is a well established fact. Exiting, Transcending, Recording: Thoughts Following the establishment of Tokugawa rule, on Time in Early Modern Japan calendar calculation and production was soon unified under the Bakufu’s control. As a time- Presenter: Regan Murphy (University of Califor- measuring device, calendars enable their users to nia, Berkley) schedule their lives: when a tax should be paid/collected, when some merchandise should I explore early modern Buddhist discussions arrive and be paid for, when should one accom- of writing as a means of thwarting time. In par- plish religious rituals etc. However, this is by no ticular, one piece written by a nineteenth century means the only purpose of a calendar in Toku- nun envisions the act of recording historical gawa Japan. As one can see in the various ukiyo-e events as a way of both transmitting ideas over depicting ladies peering gleefully into a folded time and as pointing toward an exit from tempo- calendar, there was something more in there than ral cycles. A close examination of this text just days and dates. Edo calendars were indeed sheds light not only on early modern Buddhist not mere day lists, but provided their reader with conceptions of time and historical writing, but various annotations regarding the auspicious also suggests multiple valances of Buddhist his- character of the day. Far from being anecdotic, torical and temporal thinking. These concep- these hemerological elements were not only to be tions have also been seen in the recent anthropo- found in calendars, but were also at the core of logical study of Nepalese Buddhists by Robert another genre of printed material e.g. almanacs, Desjarais (Sensory Biographies 2003). The vi- commonly known as Ōzassho. Although these are sion of writing as providing a trace of a teaching quite well known facts, one may find it puzzling can further be seen in the works of Jiun Sonja to come across this same kind of knowledge in (1718-1804), a contemporary Buddhist monk, books of largely unrelated genres, like dictionar- who imagined various forms of recording, ies and historical chronicles. I will examine what whether in calligraphy, sculpture or poetry, as kind of hemerological elements can be found in playing a critical role in the continuance of the both these non-calendar, non-almanacs books, Buddhist teaching. The issue of whether writing and try to determine why they were included in functioned as vehicle for ideas despite vast spans such materials.
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