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From Urban Systems to Sustainable Competitive Metropolitan Regions

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From Urban Systems to Sustainable Competitive Metropolitan Regions From urban systems to sustainable competitive metropolitan regions Essays in honour of Leo van den Berg Meine Pieter van Dijk, Jan van der Meer and Jan van der Borg editors Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, November 2013 ii From urban systems to sustainable competitive metropolitan regions ISBN: 978-90-6433-042-1 © Copyright EUR, IHS, Euricur, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the following authors: Alexander H.J. Otgaar, Euricur, RHV of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Asta Manninen, Director City of Helsinki Urban Facts Bas Koch, Graduate Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Christian Wichmann Matthiessen, Professor emeritus University of Copenhagen Dario Musolino, Bocconi University Erwin van Tuijl, Euricur, RHV of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Jan van der Borg, Euricur, University of Venice, RHV Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), KU Leuven Jan van der Meer, Euricur, RHV of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Jay Karecha, Researcher at the European Institute for Urban Affairs, Liverpool John Moores University Jurian Edelenbos, IHS of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Klaus R. Kunzmann, Professor emeritus Technische Universität Dortmund Lanfranco Senn, Bocconi University Luis Carvallo, Euricur, RHV of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Matthijs Soeterbroek, Graduate Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Meine Pieter van Dijk, ISS and IHS of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Michael Parkinson CBE, Director European Institute for Urban Affairs, Liverpool John Moores University Peter Karl Kresl, Charles P. Vaughan Professor of Economics Emeritus, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania Peter M.J. Pol, Euricur, RHV of Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) Willem van Winden, Hogeschool Amsterdam Typesetting: Sharon Welsh Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede, The Netherlands Digital version available www.ihs.nl From urban systems to sustainable competitive metropolitan regions iii Table of contents 1. Jan van der Meer, Jan van der Borg and Meine Pieter van Dijk: Introduction I. Urban competitiveness 2. Peter K. Kresl: Cities in competition: What do we see looking forward? 3. Michael Parkinson and Jay Karecha: European cities in an age of austerity: why invest beyond the capitals? 4. Luis Carvallo: Urban dynamics and knowledge locations, understanding the development of a policy provision 5. Asta Manninen: The role of comparative urban research in promoting sustainable growth, competitiveness, and social cohesion II. Metropolitan regions 6. Klaus R. Kunzmann: Ruhrgebietslied 7. Meine Pieter van Dijk, Bas Koch and Matthijs Soeterbroek: Is the number of business start-ups a function of agglomeration economies and the local knowledge economy? Evidence from the Netherlands 8. Erwin van Tuijl: Car makers and regional upgrading in Central and Eastern Europe: A comparison of Renault and Hyundai-Kia 9. Christian W. Matthiesen: The Euricur inspiration: South Scandinavian Metropolitan growth perspectives 10. Dario Musolino and Lanfranco Senn: Regions, places and cities in the mental maps of Italian entrepreneurs: the territorial attractiveness of Italy III. Sustainable urban, regional and tourism development 11. Jurian Edelenbos, Alexander H.J. Otgaar and Peter M.J. Pol: Adaptation by Innovation: A combined urban economics and urban governance perspective on climate adaptation 12. Willem van Winden: Delivering sustainable urban solutions: How companies become involved in urban management 13. Jan van den Borg, Sustainable tourism development in cities of art: The case of Venice revisited iv From urban systems to sustainable competitive metropolitan regions Detailed table of contents List of Tables ...................................................................................... vii List of Figures ..................................................................................... vii List of Boxes ...................................................................................... viii List of Maps ....................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................ 1 Jan van der Meer, Jan van der Borg and Meine Pieter van Dijk .................. 1 Part 1 Urban competitiveness ....................................................7 Chapter 2: Cities in competition: What do we see looking forward? ... 7 Peter Karl Kresl ............................................................................................ 7 2.1 What has been the trajectory of cities and competitiveness during the past 25 years? ................................................................................. 8 2.2 What are the anticipated changes in the Global economy and its structures? ..................................................................................... 13 2.3 How can urban economies manage their affaires to enhance their competitiveness? ........................................................................... 16 2.4 So – what do we see looking forward? ................................................ 20 2.5 Bibliography .......................................................................................... 21 Chapter 3: European cities in an age of austerity: Why invest beyond the capitals? ........................................................................... 24 Michael Parkinson and Jay Karecha .......................................................... 24 3.1 The Eurozone crisis, cities and economic competitiveness ................. 24 3.2 How do second tier cities perform and compare with capitals? ........... 27 3.3 Key messages ...................................................................................... 41 3.4 Policy messages: why invest beyond the capitals in an age of austerity? .......................................................................................43 3.5 References ........................................................................................... 46 Chapter 4: Urban Dynamics and Knowledge Locations Understanding the development of a policy provision .................................... 48 Luis de Carvalho ........................................................................................ 48 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 48 4.2 Urban development dynamics and the urban life cycle ....................... 49 4.3 The urban turn and the persistence of locational diversity ................... 51 4.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 55 4.5 References ........................................................................................... 56 Chapter 5: The role of comparative urban research in promoting sustainable growth, competitiveness, and social cohesion .... 58 Asta Manninen ...........................................................................................58 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 58 5.2 Important research themes and topics from the point of view of cities. The Case Helsinki. ........................................................................ 58 5.3 How to make scientific knowledge available? Examples of cooperation in the field of urban research ......................................................... 62 5.4 Experiences of participating in a number of comparative urban research projects initiated and led by Euricur ............................... 63 5.5 Conclusions and perspectives ............................................................. 68 5.6 References ........................................................................................... 69 From urban systems to sustainable competitive metropolitan regions v Part 2 Regional Metropolitain Cities ........................................ 71 Chapter 6: Ruhrgebietslied ................................................................ 71 Klaus R. Kunzmann .................................................................................... 71 6.1 Visions for the Ruhr .............................................................................. 75 6.2 Ruhr: Disappointed hopes, missed opportunities ................................ 80 6.3 The Ruhr 2013 and Beyond: Pathways to the Future .......................... 84 6.4 The Ruhr: A socially responsible technology region ........................... 85 6.5 The Ruhr: A Creative Knowledge Region with an International Appeal86 6.6 The Ruhr: livable polycentricity ............................................................ 87 6.7 References ........................................................................................... 88 Chapter 7: Is the number of business start-ups a function of agglomeration economies and the local knowledge economy? Evidence from The Netherlands ............................................ 92 Meine Pieter van Dijk, Bas Koch and Matthijs Soeterbroek ....................... 92 7.1 Abstract ................................................................................................ 92 7.2 Introduction ........................................................................................... 92 7.3 Local determinants of entrepreneurship ..............................................
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