ICPSR 2683 Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, 1996-2001 Virginia Sapiro W. Philips Shively Comparative Study of Electoral Systems 4th ICPSR Version February 2004 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 www.icpsr.umich.edu Terms of Use Bibliographic Citation: Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Secretariat. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS, 1996-2001 [Computer file]. 4th ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer], 2002. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2004. Request for Information on To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of Use of ICPSR Resources: archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Visit the ICPSR Web site for more information on submitting citations. Data Disclaimer: The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. Responsible Use In preparing data for public release, ICPSR performs a number of Statement: procedures to ensure that the identity of research subjects cannot be disclosed. Any intentional identification or disclosure of a person or establishment violates the assurances of confidentiality given to the providers of the information. Therefore, users of data obtained from the ICPSR archive and/or any of its special topic archives agree: • To use these datasets solely for statistical analysis and reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations, except when identification is authorized in writing by ICPSR • To make no use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently, and to advise ICPSR of any such discovery • To produce no links among ICPSR datasets or among ICPSR data and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations Redistribution: ICPSR data may not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of ICPSR. Data Collection Description Principal Investigator(s): Virginia Sapiro, W. Philips Shively Title: Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, 1996-2001 ICPSR Study Number: 2683 Funding Agency: National Science Foundation Grant Number: SBR-9317631 Summary: This study is the first module of an ongoing collaborative program of crossnational research among national election studies designed to advance the understanding of electoral behavior across polities. The data project, carried out in over 50 consolidated and emerging democracies, was coordinated by social scientists from around the world who cooperated to specify the research agenda, the study design, and the micro- and macro-level data that native teams of researchers collected within each polity. This collection currently comprises data from surveys conducted during 1996-2001 in Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Ukraine, and the United States. The format includes a common questionnaire module and background (demographic) characteristics of respondents, coded to agreed-upon standards. These data have been merged into a single crossnational dataset with a companion supplementary weighted data file. Measures included in the study focus on three main issues. The first topic explored is the impact of electoral institutions, with questions about parliamentary versus presidential systems of government (levels of accountability, responsiveness), the electoral rules on casting/counting of votes (issues of fairness, impact of voting), and political parties (identification, ideological distinction). The second major issue covered is the nature of political and social cleavages and alignments explored by questions such as left-right issue orientation of respondents vs. political parties. Lastly, the collection covers the evaluation of democratic institutions and processes through measures such as efficacy in political parties, elected officials, and respondents' satisfaction with democracy. Additionally, data were collected on voter turnout, voter choice, and respondents' age, sex, education, employment, and income. Universe: All age-eligible citizens, or citizens of voting age of collaborating countries. Sample: The data collection is a pooled crossnational sample of age-eligible citizens, yielding 62,409 cases. Dates of Collection: 1996-2002 Data Collection Notes: (1) The original study title has been changed from 1996-2000 to 1996-2001 to reflect the inclusion of 2001 data from several countries. (2) The 1996-2001 data file includes 2002 Portugal data. The 2002 Portugal data are different from the 2002 Portugal data in the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, 2001-2006 (ICPSR 3808). (3) The crossnational dataset integrates data already fully processed by the study staffs of the individual countries, without further processing except for that which was essential for merging the data into the combined file. Where coded data for any deposited variables deviated too much from the coding scheme required by the CSES codebook, data for such variables were excluded. (4) For some countries, a machine-readable file for appendix documentation was not deposited or was incomplete. Wherever possible, Secretariat staff incorporated documentary information from other deposited sources, including printed matter such as tables of frequency distributions with assigned code labels. (5) Although provision was not made for weight variables in the design of the CSES codebook, many countries deposited one or more weights together with CSES variables. Proper integration of weight variables into the combined CSES file is planned for the future. As a temporary measure, this combined CSES dataset is being released with a mergeable "Supplementary Weight File" that contains respondent ID numbers and the individual weight variables received. (6) The codebook for Part 1 of this collection contains characters with diacritical marks used in many European languages, which are unprintable in the original character format being released. (7) The codebooks are provided by ICPSR as Portable Document Format (PDF) files. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided on the ICPSR Web site. Data Source: personal interviews, phone interviews, and mailback questionnaires Extent of Collection: 2 data files + machine-readable documentation (PDF) + SAS data definition statements + SPSS data definition statements Extent of Processing: MDATA.PR/ REFORM.DOC Data Format: Logical Record Length with SAS and SPSS data definition statements, and Stata sysem file File Specifications Part Part Name File Structure Case Variable LRECL Records No. Count Count Per Case 1 Micro-Level Data rectangular 62,409 301 1,194 1 2 Supplementary Weight Data rectangular 32,022 21 149 1 =========================================================================== COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS - MODULE 1 (1996-2001) MICRO-DISTRICT-MACRO DATA CODEBOOK: INTRODUCTION Full Release - August 4, 2003 CSES Secretariat Center for Political Studies Institute for Social Research The University of Michigan =========================================================================== Sapiro, Virginia, W. Philips Shively and the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS, 1996-2001: Module 1 Micro-District-Macro Data [dataset]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor], 2003. These materials are based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number SBR-9317631 and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. =========================================================================== =========================================================================== TABLE OF CONTENTS =========================================================================== ))) HOW TO USE THE CSES MODULE 1 DOCUMENTATION ))) HOW TO USE THE CSES MODULE 1 DATA FILES **************not applicable if data was obtained from ICPSR*************** ))) IDENTIFICATION VARIABLES ))) WEIGHTS ))) LIST OF ELECTIONS INCLUDED IN CORE FILE ))) CSES PROJECT PROFILE >>> CSES MODULE 1 (1996-2001) STUDY DESCRIPTION >>> MICRO LEVEL COMPONENT >>> DISTRICT LEVEL COMPONENT >>> MACRO LEVEL COMPONENT >>> NOTE CONCERNING MISSING DATA ))) ELECTION