Roman History Timeline

Dates History Major Authors ca. 1200 BCE Mythical Beginnings

753 BCE Destruction of Troy, Aeneas Flees to Italy

Rome founded by Romulus and Remus

753-509 BCE Monarchy

7 Kings of booty Romulus Numa Pompilius (established religion) Tullius Hostilius Ancus Marcius Tarquinius Priscus Servius Tullius (born a slave) Tarquinius Superbus (overthrown by Brutus)

509-280 BCE Early Republic Expansion into Italy

Legendary (?) Heroes Mucius, Horatius, Cloelia, Cincinnatus

280-146 BCE Middle Republic Plautus - Comedy Rome becomes a world power Terence - Comedy

280 BCE: Pyrrhus’ Pyrrhic victories

264-241: 1st Punic War against Carthage

218-202: 2nd Punic War: Hannibal vs. Scipio

149-146: 3rd Punic War: Destruction of Carthage and Corinth

146-49 BCE Late Republic Golden Age of Domination abroad and turmoil at home Latin Literature

133, 123: Ti. and G. Gracchus change politics Sallust - History

89-82: First Civil War: Sulla defeats Marius Catullus - Poetry

73-71: Spartacus’ slave revolt Cicero - Speeches, letters 63: Catiline’s conspiracy

59: 1st Triumvirate - Caesar, Pompey, Crassus Dates History Major Authors

49-44 BCE Caesar Golden Age of Latin Literature 49: Caesar crosses the Rubicon Cicero - Speeches, 49-45: Second Civil War - Caesar vs. Pompey letters, philosophy 44: Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March Caesar - War commentaries

44-31 BCE Collapse of the Republic Golden Age of Latin Literature 43: 2nd Triumvirate - Octavian, Antony, Lepidus Vergil - Poetry 42: Triumvirs defeat Brutus and Cassius at Philippi Horace - Poetry 31: Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Actium Livy - History

Ovid - Poetry

31-68 BCE Julio-Claudian Dynasty Silver Age of Latin Literature Early Empire 31 BCE - 14 CE: Augustus Pliny Maior - Science 14-37: Tiberius Seneca - Philosophy 37-41: Caligula Martial - Poetry 41-54: Claudius - Expansion into Britain

54-68: Nero

68-69: The year of the four emperors

68-96 CE Flavian Dynasty Silver Age of Latin Literature Early Empire 69-79: Vespasian - Destroys Jerusalem, builds the Colosseum Juvenal - Satire

79-81: Titus - Dedicates Colosseum, Eruption of Suetonius - Biography Vesuvius

81-96: Domitian Dates History Major Authors

96-192 CE Nerva-Antonine Dynasty Silver Age of (Or, the Five Good Emperors) Latin Literature Early Empire 96-98: Nerva Tacitus - History

98-117: Trajan - Expands Rome to its greatest Pliny Minor - Letters extent Marcus Aurelius - 117-138: Hadrian - Builds up Roman defenses Philosophy

138-161: Antoninus Pius

161-169: Lucius Verus

161-180: Marcus Aurelius

180-192: Commodus