Roman History Timeline Dates History Major Authors ca. 1200 BCE Mythical Beginnings 753 BCE Destruction of Troy, Aeneas Flees to Italy Rome founded by Romulus and Remus 753-509 BCE Monarchy 7 Kings of booty Romulus Numa Pompilius (established religion) Tullius Hostilius Ancus Marcius Tarquinius Priscus Servius Tullius (born a slave) Tarquinius Superbus (overthrown by Brutus) 509-280 BCE Early Republic Expansion into Italy Legendary (?) Heroes Mucius, Horatius, Cloelia, Cincinnatus 280-146 BCE Middle Republic Plautus - Comedy Rome becomes a world power Terence - Comedy 280 BCE: Pyrrhus’ Pyrrhic victories 264-241: 1st Punic War against Carthage 218-202: 2nd Punic War: Hannibal vs. Scipio 149-146: 3rd Punic War: Destruction of Carthage and Corinth 146-49 BCE Late Republic Golden Age of Domination abroad and turmoil at home Latin Literature 133, 123: Ti. and G. Gracchus change politics Sallust - History 89-82: First Civil War: Sulla defeats Marius Catullus - Poetry 73-71: Spartacus’ slave revolt Cicero - Speeches, letters 63: Catiline’s conspiracy 59: 1st Triumvirate - Caesar, Pompey, Crassus Dates History Major Authors 49-44 BCE Caesar Golden Age of Latin Literature 49: Caesar crosses the Rubicon Cicero - Speeches, 49-45: Second Civil War - Caesar vs. Pompey letters, philosophy 44: Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March Caesar - War commentaries 44-31 BCE Collapse of the Republic Golden Age of Latin Literature 43: 2nd Triumvirate - Octavian, Antony, Lepidus Vergil - Poetry 42: Triumvirs defeat Brutus and Cassius at Philippi Horace - Poetry 31: Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Actium Livy - History Ovid - Poetry 31-68 BCE Julio-Claudian Dynasty Silver Age of Latin Literature Early Empire 31 BCE - 14 CE: Augustus Pliny Maior - Science 14-37: Tiberius Seneca - Philosophy 37-41: Caligula Martial - Poetry 41-54: Claudius - Expansion into Britain 54-68: Nero 68-69: The year of the four emperors 68-96 CE Flavian Dynasty Silver Age of Latin Literature Early Empire 69-79: Vespasian - Destroys Jerusalem, builds the Colosseum Juvenal - Satire 79-81: Titus - Dedicates Colosseum, Eruption of Suetonius - Biography Vesuvius 81-96: Domitian Dates History Major Authors 96-192 CE Nerva-Antonine Dynasty Silver Age of (Or, the Five Good Emperors) Latin Literature Early Empire 96-98: Nerva Tacitus - History 98-117: Trajan - Expands Rome to its greatest Pliny Minor - Letters extent Marcus Aurelius - 117-138: Hadrian - Builds up Roman defenses Philosophy 138-161: Antoninus Pius 161-169: Lucius Verus 161-180: Marcus Aurelius 180-192: Commodus.