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Possible Role of Petroliferous Materials in Sulfide Precipitation at the Frank R Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1987 Possible Role of Petroliferous Materials in Sulfide Precipitation at the Frank R. Millikan Mine, Southeast Missouri Clark Alan Niewendorp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Niewendorp, Clark Alan, "Possible Role of Petroliferous Materials in Sulfide Precipitation at the Frank R. Millikan Mine, Southeast Missouri" (1987). Master's Theses. 1251. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1251 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POSSIBLE ROLE OP PETROLIFEROUS MATERIALS IN SULFIDE PRECIPITATION AT THE FRANK R. MILLIKAN MINE, SOUTHEAST MISSOURI by Clark Alan Niewendorp A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Michigan August 1987 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. POSSIBLE ROLE OF PETROLIFEROUS MATERIALS IN SULFIDE PRECIPITATION AT THE FRANK R. MILLIKAN MINE, SOUTHEAST MISSOURI Clark Alan Niewendorp, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1987 The Millikan Mine's ore body contains ubi.qui.tous amounts of petroliferous materials occurring as blebs, coal-like pods and veinlets, and seeps coating mine stope walls. Emplacement of hydrocarbons into the ore occurred before the final episode of mineralization ceased, based on growth of dendritic galena in some coal-like bitumen and other paragenetic relationships. Growth of dendritic galena in a hydrocarbon substance suggests that hydro­ carbons provided sulfur for galena mineralization by either abiogenetic reduction of sulfate or thermochemical evolution of organic sulfur. Texturally, it also suggests that the presence of hydrocarbons may have been respon­ sible for some zones of rapid precipitate mineralization. One possible source for the petroliferous materials could be the ore-hosting rocks, based on the host rock's en­ richment of organic carbon and its association with bituminous seeps. Hydrocarbons may also have been a source for nickel, cobalt, and cadmium. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Mr. H. A. Krueger, Vice- President of Underground Mine Operations for Kennecott Minerals Company, and Mr. M. C. Young, General Manager of Ozark Lead Company's Frank R. Millikan Mine, for permis­ sion to conduct this study. I wish to thank my advisor, Dr. J. Grace, and com­ mittee members, Dr. T. Straw and Dr. W. Harrison, for their reviews. A portion of the laboratory work was supported by a grant from The Graduate College of Western Michigan University, which is gratefully acknowledged. The Ozark Lead Company also underwrote some of the labora­ tory and photographic print expense. There is no way to express my thanks to Mr. K. G. Larsen, Chief Geologist/Technical Supervisor, and Mr. C. W. Clendenin, former Senior Mine Geologist at the Millikan Mine, to whom I owe a special debt for the conception of this work, his sustained interest, constructive criticism, and advice. I am proud and honored to have worked with you and for you. Thanks are owed to John Boyle and Jim Barnett for their help. Use gf.Dr. G. R. Lowell's ore microscope at South­ east Missouri State University and his helpful discussion of microscopic results is greatly appreciated. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Electron Microprobe results used in this work were carried out in the laboratory of Claudia Garparrini, Mininel Scientific Ltd., Toronto, Ontario. Organic carbon and trace metal analysis was conducted by Rinehart Labor­ atories, Inc., Arvada, Colorado. Thanks, Dr. Grace for running X-Ray powder diffrac­ tion. Of all the people who have contributed to this work, my wife, Joyce, deserves the most thanks. If not for her encouragement and support, this work would not be poss­ ible. I dedicate this work to Joyce. Clark Alan Niewendorp iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Micrdnlms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1331809 Possible role of petroliferous materials in sulfide precipitation at the Frank R. Millikan Mine, southeast Missouri Niewendorp, Clark Alan, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1987 V U MI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed In the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages___ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print f 3. Photographs with dark background _ ^ 7 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages i / 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______ 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered _ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages_____ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other University Microfilms International Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................ ........ ii LIST OF TABLES ........................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ............................. viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION . ....................... 1 Purpose .................. 1 Location, History, and Production ............. ....... 2 Previous W o r k .................... 4 II. STRATIGRAPHY ............................. 1 0 Regional ............................. 10 Mine Stratigraphy .................... 12 Depositional Models ........ 14 Depositional Framework ........... 16 Host Rocks ............. 17 III. STRUCTURE ......................... 19 R e g i o n a l ............................... 19 Mine Structure ......................... 21 Gravity Sliding .................... 22 Wrench Faulting .................... 22 Solution-Induced Brecciation ....... 24 IV. MINERALOGY AND PARAGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS . 27 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents— Continued CHAPTER V. FIELD RELATIONSHIPS ............. 31 Introduction ........................ 3 1 Bitumen
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