Estonian University of Life Sciences
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ESTONIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Lia Binte Hatem Chowdhury ESTONIAN BLUE SPACES AND THEIR SUPPORT FOR VISITOR SATISFACTION, NATURE CONNECTION AND RESTORATION Master’s Thesis Curriculum in Landscape Architecture Supervisors: Peeter Vassiljev, MSc And Prof. Simon Bell, PhD Tartu, 2020 NON-EXCLUSIVE LICENCE FOR DEPOSITING THE FINAL THESIS AND OPENING IT FOR THE PUBLIC AND THE SUPERVISOR’S (SUPERVISORS’) CONFIRMATION FOR ALLOWING THE THESIS FOR THE DEFENCE Hereby I, Lia Binte Hatem Chowdhury 03/03/1994 1. Grant Eesti Maaülikool, the Estonian University of Life Sciences, a free-of-charge non-exclusive licence to store the final thesis titled ‘Estonian blue spaces and their support for visitor satisfaction, nature connection and restoration’ supervised by Peeter Vassiljev, MSc and Prof. Simon Bell, PhD for 1.1. preservation; 1.2. depositing a digital copy of the thesis in the archive of DSpace and 1.3. opening it for the public on the Web until the validity of the term of protection of copyright. 2. I am aware that the author retains the same rights as listed in point 1; 3. I confirm that by being issued the CC licence no rights deriving from the Personal Data Protection Act and the Intellectual Property Rights Act have been infringed. Author of the final thesis ______________________________ signature In Tartu, 01.06.2020 _________________________________________________________________ The core supervisor’s approval for the final thesis to be allowed for defence This is to confirm that the final thesis is allowed for defence. ………………………………………………… ……………………………….. Supervisor’s name and signature Date Estonian University of Life Sciences Abstract of Master’s Thesis Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014 Author: Lia Binte Hatem Chowdhury Curriculum: Landscape Architecture Title: Estonian blue spaces and their support for visitor satisfaction, nature connection and restoration Pages: 124 Figures: 40 Tables: 10 Appendixes: 40 Department / Chair: Landscape Architecture Field of research: Environmental Psychology, Landscape Design Supervisors: Peeter Vassiljev, MSc and Prof. Simon Bell, PhD Place and date: Tartu, 1 June 2020 Abstract: To date, researchers have found certain influence of blue spaces on psychological well- being. But limited research has been done exploring how the visit outcomes of satisfaction, nature connection and restoration are related with the aesthetic preference of a landscape or whether the visit outcomes in an aesthetically preferred landscape vary depending on individuals’ perception of nature in self. Thus, the research intended to explore to what extent Estonian blue spaces support visitors satisfaction, nature connection and restoration contributing to human psychological wellbeing. To achieve the aim, the research assessed the landscape feature preferences and visitors psychological feelings of the blue spaces, identified the key landscape aspects contributing to visitors’ positive outcomes and examined whether the preferred aesthetic aspects are different for the people with different degree of INS (inclusion of nature in self). 30 sites in Estonia were visited and surveyed using the BlueHealth Environmental Assessment Tool (BEAT) and secondary data of 187 visit outcomes of people visiting the same sites from the BlueHealth International Survey (BIS) data was collected to analyse simultaneously throughout the whole process. Results showed that visit outcomes are related to certain visual and non-visual landscape aesthetic aspects and their factors. Individual visit satisfaction is related to the visual quality of the site and non-visual aesthetic and their factors of the sense of openness and scale of water views, quality of views within the site, sense of wildness and feeling of tranquillity or calm; individual feeling a connection to nature during the visit is associated with the naturalness and visual quality of the site and psychological restoration is related to the visual quality of the site aspect and its factor quality of views within the site. 3 In addition, the degree of the positive visit outcomes in an aesthetically preferred landscape varies depending on the visitor’s self-perception of nature. People with low INS score might feel more connected with nature in the blue spaces where the sense of wildness and feeling of tranquillity or calm is higher and might feel more restorative in more natural sites where visual quality is better, water views are wider, sense of wildness and feeling of tranquillity or calm is higher. Thus, this research has great potential to address landscape architects, designers, recreation planners and managers to consider the research findings for future design, planning and management for the mental wellbeing of the visitors, especially to improve the connectedness between urban people and nature. Keywords: Blue spaces; visual and non-visual aesthetic; visit satisfaction; psychological restoration; nature connection; landscape preference; inclusion of nature in self (INS) 4 Eesti Maaülikool Magistritöö lühikokkuvõte Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014 Autor: Lia Binte Hatem Chowdhury Õppekava: Maastikuarhitektuur Pealkiri: Eesti sinised ruumid ja nende toetus külastaja rahulolule, looduse ühendamisele ja taastamisele Lehekülgi: 124 Jooniseid: 40 Tabeleid: 10 Lisasid: 40 Osakond / Õppetool: Maastikuarhitektuur ETIS-e teadusvaldkond: Keskkonnapsühholoogia, maastiku kujundamine Juhendaja(d): Peeter Vassiljev, MSc ja Prof. Simon Bell, PhD Kaitsmiskoht ja -aasta: Tartu, 1. juuni 2020 Lühikokkuvõte Tänaseks on teadlased leidnud sinise ruumi teatud mõju psühholoogilisele heaolule. Kuid piiratud uurimistöö on uurinud, kuidas on rahulolu, looduse seose ja restaureerimise külastustulemused seotud maastiku esteetilise eelistusega või kas külastuse tulemused esteetiliselt eelistatud maastikul varieeruvad sõltuvalt sellest, kuidas indiviid tajub loodust iseendas. Seega oli uurimistöö eesmärk uurida, mil määral toetavad Eesti sinised ruumid külastajate rahulolu, loodusühendust ja taastamist, aidates kaasa inimeste psühholoogilisele heaolule. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks hinnati uurimistöös maastikuomaduste eelistusi ja külastajate siniste ruumide psühholoogilisi tundeid, tehti kindlaks peamised maastikuaspektid, mis aitasid kaasa külastajate positiivsetele tulemustele, ja uuris, kas eelistatavad esteetilised aspektid on erineva INS-tasemega inimeste jaoks erinevad ( looduse kaasamine iseendasse). BlueHealthi keskkonnamõju hindamise tööriista (BEAT) abil külastati ja uuriti 30 Eestis asuvat saiti ning BlueHealthi rahvusvahelise uuringu (BIS) andmete põhjal koguti samu saite külastavate inimeste 187 visiidi tulemuse sekundaarsed andmed kogu protsessi üheaegseks analüüsimiseks. Tulemused näitasid, et külastuste tulemused on seotud maastiku teatavate visuaalsete ja mittevisuaalsete esteetiliste aspektide ja nende teguritega. Individuaalne külastusrahulolu on seotud ala visuaalse ja mittevisuaalse esteetilise kvaliteediga ning nende teguritega: avatuse ja veevaate ulatuse, saidi vaadete kvaliteedi, metsikuse ja rahuliku või rahuliku tundega; isiklik külastuse ajal loodusega seotuse tunnetamine on seotud saidi 5 looduslikkuse ja visuaalse kvaliteediga; psühholoogiline taastamine on seotud saidi visuaalse kvaliteediga ja selle saidil olevate vaadete faktilise kvaliteediga. Lisaks varieerub esteetiliselt eelistatava maastiku positiivsete külastustulemuste määr sõltuvalt külastaja looduse enesetunnetusest. Inimesed, kelle INS-i tulemus on madal, võivad tunda end loodusega rohkem seotuna sinistes ruumides, kus metsikus tunne ja rahulikkus või rahulikkus on kõrgem, ning võivad end loodusjõulisemates kohtades, kus visuaalne kvaliteet on parem, vaated veele laiemad, taju tunda taastavamaks metsikus ja rahulik või rahulik tunne on kõrgem. Seega on sellel uurimistööl suur potentsiaal pöörduda maastikuarhitektide, disainerite, puhkealade planeerijate ja haldajate poole, et nad saaksid kaaluda uuringute tulemusi tulevaste kavandamis-, planeerimis- ja juhtimisvõimaluste osas külastajate vaimseks heaoluks, eriti selleks, et parandada looduse ja linnainimeste vahelist seotust. Märksõnad: Sinised tühikud; visuaalne ja mittevisuaalne esteetiline; külastada rahulolu; psühholoogiline taastamine; looduse seos; maastiku eelistus; looduse kaasamine iseendasse (INS) 6 Acknowledgement I would like to express my deep gratitude to my thesis supervisors, Peeter Vassiljev for guiding me throughout the whole process of the research and Professor Simon Bell for being responsive and assisting me the whole time with consultations and guidance to carry on my research whenever needed even in the last moments. I am grateful to Himansu Mishra for guiding me to understand the BEAT assessment. I would also like to thank my family and friends especially Dunja Malenica, Nawrin Boshra, Umme Aymona Ali Amrita, Le Minh Hoang and Jelena Sabovljevic, living close or far away during a pandemic time yet supporting me to focus on the thesis. 7 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 12 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 16 2.1 Blue space and psychological wellbeing .............................................................. 16 2.2 Landscape aesthetic and restoration theories ........................................................ 17 2.3 Conception of visual landscape aesthetic ............................................................