DOCSLIB.ORG

Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) 商务部

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) 商务部 Address: 2 Dong Chang’An Jie, Beijing 100731 | Phone: 86-10-5165-1200 | Website: www.mofcom.gov.cn MOFCOM is similar to the US Department of Commerce in that it regulates domestic and foreign trade, works to attract foreign investment, and helps Chinese companies abroad. It also incorporates trade policy and administrative functions, particularly regarding World Trade Organization (WTO) implementation. MOFCOM manages competition policy, supervises anticounterfeiting efforts and coordinates regional protectionism within China. MOFCOM was originally created in 2003 by combining the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation with components of the former State Economic and Trade and State Development Planning Commissions. Minister Gao Hucheng 高虎城 Vice Ministers and Vice Minister-Level Officials Jiang Zengwei 姜增伟 Zhong Shan 钟山 Li Jinzao 李金早 (Vice Minister) (Vice Minister, Deputy International Trade Negotiator) (Vice Minister) Responsible for the General Office, Circulation Industry Responsible for the Foreign Trade, European Affairs, and Responsible for the Policy Research Office and the Development, General Economic Affairs, and the Mechanic, Electronic, & High-Tech Industry Finance, Foreign Aid, and Western Asian & African Affairs Infrastructure departments; as well as the Anti-monopoly departments; the Fair Trade for Imports and Exports, departments; the International Economic Cooperation Bureau; the Office of the National Leading Group for Industry Injury Investigation, Foreign Trade Development, Bureau; MOFCOM’s Research Institute and Training Combating IPR Infringement and Counterfeits; and Licensing bureaus; the Foreign Trade Center; the Center; the International Trade Association, and MOFCOM’s regional offices; International Business Daily; China-Europe Association for Technical and Economic Accounting Association. Also liaises with the Trade Audit and the Statistics Association. Cooperation, and chambers of commerce for textiles, light Bureau. industry, metals, minerals, food, and health products. Wang Hemin 王和民 Gao Yan 高燕 Fang Aiqing 房爱卿 (Head of Discipline Inspection) (Vice Minister) (Vice Minister) Responsible for the MOFCOM branches of the Discipline Responsible for the Asian Affairs, Foreign Affairs, and Responsible for the Market Supervision, Market Inspection Group and the Ministry of Supervision. Taiwan, Hong Kong, & Macao departments; as well as Operation and Consumption Promotion, and Trade in MOFCOM’s Chinese Communist Party (CCP) committee; Services & Commercial Services departments; as well as the Retired Cadres Bureau; and the Association of the Service Outsourcing Research Center and the China Economy and Trade across Taiwan Strait. Association of Trade in Services. © 2013, The US-China Business Council 1 Wang Shouwen 王受文 (Assistant Minister) Wang Bingnan 王炳南 Zhang Xiangchen 张向晨 Responsible for the Foreign Investment Administration, (Assistant Minister) (Assistant Minister) International Trade and Economic Affairs, and WTO Responsible for the Market System Development and Responsible for the Treaty and Law, American and Affairs departments; the China Investment Promotion E-commerce departments; the Authorities Logistics Oceanic Affairs, and Outward Investment and Economic Agency; China Association of Enterprises with Foreign Services Bureau; the E-Commerce Center; and the Cooperation departments; the China International Investment; China International Center for Economic and Circulation Industry Promotion Center. Contractors Association; China Association of Technical Exchanges; China International Freight International Engineering Consultants; the International Forwarders Association; China Council for International Trade Economic Cooperation Research Institute; and the Investment Promotion; and the WTO Organizations China International Council for the Promotion of Research Center. Multinational Corporations. Department Responsibilities General Office-International Trade Negotiation Human Resources (人事司) Policy Research Office (政策研究室) Secretary Bureau (办公厅-国际贸易谈判代表秘书 Manages staffing, employee salaries, team building, and Researches economic globalization, regional economic 局) employee training. cooperation, trade system reform, and modern market Coordinates MOFCOM department activities, organizes trends; provides policy advice on economic topics. conferences, issues news releases, publishes the MOFCOM Gazette, and coordinates international trade negotiations. General Economic Affairs (综合司) Treaty and Law (条约法律司) Finance (财务司) Drafts policies and plans on domestic and international Drafts laws, regulations, and rules; provides advice on Develops tax, finance, and pricing strategies; manages trade and international cooperation; researches commercial rules and their agreement with international special and foreign aid funds, the budget, assets, capital structural adjustment-related economic problems; treaties; reviews negotiation documents; organizes construction, and internal audits. provides policy advice; and releases statistical international negotiations related to multilateral information. intellectual property and investment protection agreements; and undertakes administrative reconsideration and responses to administrative suits. Market Supervision (市场秩序司) Market System Development (市场体系建设司) Circulation Industry Development (流通业发展司) Coordinates the rectification, standardization, and Drafts policies on market system regulation; pushes for Manages industries related to market circulation of goods; regulation of the market economy; promotes credit distribution standardization; organizes retail enterprise promotes standardization and technology development in building and regulates commercial credit transactions; sales promotion; guides wholesale staple product market the circulation industry; develops and implements policies responds to cases of intellectual property infringement planning and urban commercial network planning; to optimize industrial structure for the circulation industry; and commercial fraud, and drafts policies on drug pushes the development of distribution systems for rural supervises special circulation activities and industries such distribution. market and agricultural products; and supervises as auctions, leases, second-hand circulation and duty free auctions, pawn shops, and thrift stores. shops; promotes energy saving and emissions reduction in the circulation industry; promotes commodity distribution reform in chain stores, franchises, and logistics distribution centers; and supervises distribution of petroleum products distribution and circulation of renewable resources. © 2013, The US-China Business Council 2 Market Operation and Consumption Promotion Anti-monopoly Bureau (反垄断局) Foreign Trade (对外贸易司) (also housing the National Silk Coordination Conducts investigations into business concentrations; Supervises export and import administration (tariffs, Office) guides PRC enterprises in responding to antimonopoly quotas, and licenses); drafts measures and releases (市场运行和消费促进司) (国家茧丝绸协调办公室) lawsuits abroad; and develops multilateral and bilateral catalogues on imported and exported commodities; and Develops and implements regulations and standards international communication and cooperation on organizes the planning and enforcement of the import and related to market operations; monitors the market competition policy. export of important industrial products, raw materials, and operations, supply, demand, and prices of key agricultural products. commodities; develops an emergency supply system for necessities; and supervise management of reserves of important consumables; creates development policies for the silk industry; coordinates industrial development and expands international market for silk. Trade in Services and Commercial Services (服务 Mechanic, Electronic, and High-Tech Industry Foreign Investment Administration 贸易和商贸服务业司) (also the National Mechanic and Electronic Import (外国投资管理司) Creates plans related to trade in services; drafts and Export Office) Creates and alters foreign investment plans for approval; technology trade policies and service export incentive (机电和科技产业司) (国家机电产品进出口办公室) supervises the enforcement of foreign-invested enterprise policies; manages the import and export of technology; Manages import and export of mechanical, electronic, rules and bylaws; and coordinates key foreign and promotes services trade and releases related and high-tech products; creates policies for export of investment-related work. statistics. complete plants and trade improvement trends; drafts and enforces export control policies; and issues import and export licenses for dual-use items and technologies. Foreign Aid (对外援助司) Outward Investment and Economic Cooperation Fair Trade for Imports and Exports Bureau Drafts and enforces foreign aid policies; negotiates and (对外投资和经济合作司) (进出口公平贸易局) signs foreign aid agreements; and plans and supervises Drafts and enforces policies on outward economic Regulates fair trade for import and export, antidumping, foreign aid projects. cooperation affairs; undertakes work related to outbound antisubsidy, and related investigations; conducts foreign direct investment, foreign project contracting, consultations and negotiations on fair trade; builds a and business cooperation statistics work. system of fair import and export early warning mechanisms; and guides the coordination of PRC antidumping, antisubsidy, and safeguard measure lawsuits. Industry Injury Investigation Bureau International
Recommended publications
  • SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína

    SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína

    SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína Souhrnná teritoriální informace Čína Zpracováno a aktualizováno zastupitelským úřadem ČR v Pekingu (Čína) ke dni 13. 8. 2020 3:17 Seznam kapitol souhrnné teritoriální informace: 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled (s.2) 2. Zahraniční obchod a investice (s.15) 3. Vztahy země s EU (s.28) 4. Obchodní a ekonomická spolupráce s ČR (s.30) 5. Mapa oborových příležitostí - perspektivní položky českého exportu (s.39) 6. Základní podmínky pro uplatnění českého zboží na trhu (s.46) 7. Kontakty (s.81) 1/86 http://www.businessinfo.cz/cina © Zastupitelský úřad ČR v Pekingu (Čína) SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled Podkapitoly: 1.1. Oficiální název státu, složení vlády 1.2. Demografické tendence: Počet obyvatel, průměrný roční přírůstek, demografické složení (vč. národnosti, náboženských skupin) 1.3. Základní makroekonomické ukazatele za posledních 5 let (nominální HDP/obyv., vývoj objemu HDP, míra inflace, míra nezaměstnanosti). Očekávaný vývoj v teritoriu s akcentem na ekonomickou sféru. 1.4. Veřejné finance, státní rozpočet - příjmy, výdaje, saldo za posledních 5 let 1.5. Platební bilance (běžný, kapitálový, finanční účet), devizové rezervy (za posledních 5 let), veřejný dluh vůči HDP, zahraniční zadluženost, dluhová služba 1.6. Bankovní systém (hlavní banky a pojišťovny) 1.7. Daňový systém 1.1 Oficiální název státu, složení vlády Čínská lidová republika (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo; zkráceně Zhongguo) Úřední jazyk čínština (Putonghua, standardní čínština založená na pekingském dialektu), dále jsou oficiálními jazyky kantonština v provincii Guangdong, mongolština v AO Vnitřní Mongolsko, ujgurština a kyrgyzština v AO Xinjiang, tibetština v AO Xizang (Tibet). Složení vlády • Prezident: Xi Jinping (v úřadu od 14.
  • Hong Kong SAR

    Hong Kong SAR

    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
  • New Leaders Begin the Search for Economic Reform

    New Leaders Begin the Search for Economic Reform

    Signaling Change: New Leaders Begin the Search for Economic Reform Barry Naughton Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang are now the two top leaders in China. Both have moved quickly to break with the Hu-Wen Administration and signal their support for dramatic new economic reforms. The structure of the new Politburo Standing Committee appears to support their aspirations. Neither Xi nor Li has yet committed to specific reform measures, and the obstacles to reform are formidable. However, both Xi and Li have committed to a process that will lead to the creation of a reform program by late 2013. From the standpoint of economic reform policy, the outcome of the 18th Party Congress was clear and unambiguous. The two top leaders, Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang, emerged from the Congress with a substantial degree of room to maneuver. Both leaders quickly displayed their willingness to break with what had become business as usual under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. Xi and Li, each in his own way, moved quickly to express their intention to support a revitalized program of economic reform. Xi Jinping has received most of the attention, which is certainly appropriate. Xi has brought a more direct and personal style to the top job, a refreshing change of pace that has generally been welcomed both in China and abroad, and has shown that he intends to keep an eye on economics. Li Keqiang has also begun to signal his intentions. Although Li’s approach is more understated—in part because he will not actually step in as Premier until the March National People’s Congress meetings—his comments merit close attention.
  • FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (De) China

    FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (De) China

    OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (de) China La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. OCTUBRE 2020 los grupos étnicos de usar sus propias lenguas; hay seis lenguas principales China en China, además del Mandarín. Moneda: La moneda oficial de la República Popular China es el Renminbi (RMB), que se traduce como “moneda del pueblo, o Yuan (CNY). Cotización media del euro en 2019, 1 euro/ 7,73. Religión: Las religiones tradicionales de China son el Taoísmo y Budismo; RUSIA el Confucianismo es un sistema de conducta con enorme influencia en la KAZAJISTÁN historia del país. Estimaciones de los practicantes de las distintas creen- cias son difíciles de realizar. No obstante algunos cálculos señalan: Taoísmo MONGOLIA Heilongjlang (aprox. 20 millones); Budismo (aprox. 100 millones); Cristianismo: Católicos Urumchi Mongolia Interior Jilin (aprox. 5 millones), Protestantes, (aprox. 15 millones); Musulmanes: (aprox. KIRGUISTÁN 20 millones). Gansu PEKÍN COREA DEL NORTE Ningxia Hebel Forma de Estado: República. COREA DEL SUR PAKISTÁN Qinghai Presidente: Xi Jinping (desde marzo de 2013). Tibet Henan (Xizang) Vicepresidente: Wang Qishan (desde marzo de 2018). Anhui Sichuan Shanghai Primer Ministro: Li Keqiang (desde marzo de 2013). Zhejiang NEPAL Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores: Wang Yi (desde marzo 2013).
  • Chinese Premier's Visit Opens the Door to Greater Prospe

    Chinese Premier's Visit Opens the Door to Greater Prospe

    Chinese Premier's visit opens the door to greater prospe... http://www.independent.ie/business/world/chinese-premier... Chinese Premier's visit opens the door to greater prosperity The visit of Li Keqiang will raise the profile of Ireland on many levels, says Chinese Ambassador Jianguo Xu Jianguo Xu Published 17/05/2015 | 02:30 Open Gallery 1 Jianguo Xu Today, the Taoiseach will welcome his counterpart, Chinese Premier Mr Li Keqiang, to his home county of Mayo. The two leaders will hold bilateral talks with over a dozen ministers and vice ministers from both countries in attendance. This high-level engagement underlines the fact that China and Ireland are committed to working together in a mutually beneficial strategic partnership. I believe this partnership has the potential to create a serious economic dividend for both our nations. The Chinese government is acutely conscious that Ireland has a very favourable business environment, as well as a young, well-educated workforce and a rapport with leading economic players. Numerous Irish and Chinese business leaders are already working to develop Ireland's importance as a key gateway for Chinese businesses and investors aspiring to expand into European and American markets. Right now, there is tremendous potential to create new and meaningful synergies between China and Ireland in trade, investment, education, culture, science, technology and other fields. It is, however, crucially important that, working together, we raise Ireland's profile in China. I previously served for over three years as Chinese Ambassador to New Zealand. Upon my arrival in Dublin in March 2014, I found some strong similarities between Ireland and New Zealand.
  • China to Keep Watch on TPP

    China to Keep Watch on TPP

    Table for strangers Hainan helps visitors Memory protection Special police target tourism An app connects amateur chefs industry irregularities in Sanya with willing dining companions Database to be created on > CHINA, PAGE 4 > LIFE, PAGE 9 the Nanjing Massacre > p3 MONDAY, October 12, 2015 chinadailyusa.com $1 COMMERCE China to keep watch on TPP Such trade deals can disrupt non-signatories: offi cial By ZHONG NAN highly unlikely that the TPP would in Beijing lead to the creation of a trade bloc [email protected] that excludes China. “The economic development China will conduct comprehensive mode in China has already changed and systematic assessments of the from low-end product trade to ‘going fallout from the Trans-Pacifi c Part- global’ strategies like setting up or nership, a broad agreement between moving manufacturing facilities and 12 Pacifi c Rim countries, including to more direct investment in over- Japan and the United States, since it seas markets,” said Fan. believes that such deals have disrup- Besides the US, other signatories tive eff ects on non-signatory nations, to the TPP are Australia, Brunei, a top government offi cial said. Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mex- Commerce Minister Gao Hucheng ico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore said China is of the view that changes and Vietnam. in the global trade pattern should be China has to date signed bilateral decided by adjustments in the indus- and multilateral free trade agree- trial structure and through product ments with seven TPP members. competitiveness in global
  • Chinese Politics in the Xi Jingping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership

    Chinese Politics in the Xi Jingping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership

    CHAPTER 1 Governance Collective Leadership Revisited Th ings don’t have to be or look identical in order to be balanced or equal. ⃺ڄ Maya Lin — his book examines how the structure and dynamics of the leadership of Tthe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have evolved in response to the chal- lenges the party has confronted since the late 1990s. Th is study pays special attention to the issue of leadership se lection and composition, which is a per- petual concern in Chinese politics. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, this volume assesses the changing nature of elite recruitment, the generational attributes of the leadership, the checks and balances between competing po liti cal co ali tions or factions, the behavioral patterns and insti- tutional constraints of heavyweight politicians in the collective leadership, and the interplay between elite politics and broad changes in Chinese society. Th is study also links new trends in elite politics to emerging currents within the Chinese intellectual discourse on the tension between strongman politics and collective leadership and its implications for po liti cal reforms. A systematic analy sis of these developments— and some seeming contradictions— will help shed valuable light on how the world’s most populous country will be governed in the remaining years of the Xi Jinping era and beyond. Th is study argues that the survival of the CCP regime in the wake of major po liti cal crises such as the Bo Xilai episode and rampant offi cial cor- ruption is not due to “authoritarian resilience”— the capacity of the Chinese communist system to resist po liti cal and institutional changes—as some foreign China analysts have theorized.
  • Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: a Law and Economics Perspective

    Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: a Law and Economics Perspective

    Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 43 Number 2 Summer 2020 Article 3 Summer 2020 Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective Miron Mushkat Roda Mushkat Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Miron Mushkat and Roda Mushkat, Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective, 43 HASTINGS INT'L & COMP. L. Rev. 137 (2020). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol43/ iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 - Mushkat_HICLR_V43-2 (Do Not Delette) 5/1/2020 4:08 PM Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective MIRON MUSHKAT AND RODA MUSHKAT Abstract Pervasive graft, widely observed throughout Chinese history but deprived of proper outlets and suppressed in the years following the Communist Revolution, resurfaced on massive scale when partial marketization of the economy was embraced in 1978 and beyond. The authorities had endeavored to alleviate the problem, but in an uneven and less than determined fashion. The battle against corruption has greatly intensified after Xi Jinping ascended to power in 2012. The multiyear antigraft campaign that has unfolded has been carried out in an ironfisted and relentless fashion.
  • The Wen Jiabao Administration and Macroeconomic Recontrol

    The Wen Jiabao Administration and Macroeconomic Recontrol

    Hunkering Down: The Wen Jiabao Administration and Macroeconomic Recontrol Barry Naughton Introduction On April 26, 2004, the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) convened and agreed to strengthen macroeconomic contractionary policies dramatically. A blizzard of meetings and activities ensued, which included the imposition of significant administrative controls over investment and land use. Within four days, the State Development and Reform Commission (SDRC)—the former State Planning Commission—issued an urgent directive ordering the suspension and reinspection of thousands of investment projects. These steps represent a dramatic reorientation of Chinese macroeconomic policy. They have a significant political impact, bringing new leaders into the core of the economic decision-making process and shifting overall economic policy in a slightly more conservative direction. Of course, these measures also have a very important economic impact. If they do not represent a step backward, they at least indicate that existing approaches to economic policy, those in place through the first year of the Wen administration, have failed to achieve their objectives. In this piece I first describe the most important policy measures instituted; then I trace these measures’ political implications and conclude by discussing their economic implications. Background During its first year in power from March 2003 to March 2004, the Wen Jiabao administration had a relatively smooth experience in economic policymaking. Economic growth was strong and accelerating, powered by rapid export growth and the brisk development of new domestic markets. It is true that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis thoroughly disrupted the economy and government in spring 2003, and worries about economic overheating have been present from the first day of the new administration.
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    China Data Supplement June 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 39 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 46 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 48 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 55 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 60 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 June 2008 The Main National Leadership of the PRC
  • Institutions of Democratic Governance

    Institutions of Democratic Governance

    1 INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE The Chinese Communist Party Asserts Greater Control Over State and Society In China’s one-party, authoritarian political system,1 the Chinese Communist Party maintains what one rights organization calls a ‘‘monopoly on political power.’’ 2 The Party plays a leading role in state and society,3 restricting Chinese citizens’ ability to exercise civil and political rights.4 Observers noted that the central role of the Party in governing the state appears to have strengthened since Xi Jinping became the Party General Secretary and President in November 2012 and March 2013, respectively,5 further ‘‘blur- ring’’ the lines between Party and government.6 In March 2017, Wang Qishan, a member of the Standing Committee of the Com- munist Party Central Committee Political Bureau (Politburo) and the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, said that ‘‘under the Party’s leadership, there is only a division of labor between the Party and the government; there is no separa- tion between the Party and the government.’’ 7 During the Commission’s 2017 reporting year, under Xi’s leader- ship, the Party demanded absolute loyalty from its members,8 di- recting and influencing politics and society at all levels, including in the military,9 economy,10 Internet,11 civil society,12 and family life.13 Furthermore, the Party continued to exert power over the ju- diciary,14 undermining the independence of courts and the rule of law in China, despite legal reform efforts.15 In September 2016, the State Council