Pennine Bridleway, Monk's Road to High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire
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making sense of heritage PENNINE BRIDLEWAY, MONK'S ROAD TO HIGH LANE, CHARLESWORTH, DERBYSHIRE Landscape Survey, Archaeological Watching Brief and Trial Trenching Report Ref: 86440.03 January 2013 PENNINE BRIDLEWAY, MONK’S ROAD TO HIGH LANE, CHARLESWORTH, DERBYSHIRE Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report Prepared for: Derbyshire County Council by Wessex Archaeology Unit 6, Riverside Block Sheaf Bank Business Park Sheffield S2 3EN Report reference: 86440.03 January 2013 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2013 all rights reserved Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 Pennine Bridleway, Monks Road to High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report DISCLAIMER THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT WAS DESIGNED AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF A REPORT TO AN INDIVIDUAL CLIENT AND WAS PREPARED SOLELY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THAT CLIENT. 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QUALITY ASSURANCE CLIENT SITE CODE ACCESSION CODE 86440 DERSB 2012.30 CODE N/A PLANNING APPLICATION REF. - NGR 401755 393133 TO 402330 391300 VERSION STATUS* PREPARED APPROVED APPROVER’S DATE FILE BY BY SIGNATURE S:\PROJECTS\86440 (MONKS ROAD, CHARLESWORTH, V1.0 I AWT/CH RON Richard O’Neill DERBYSHIRE)\REPORTS\86440.03_MONKS_ROAD _WB_V1_1 * I= INTERNAL DRAFT E= EXTERNAL DRAFT F= FINAL © Wessex Archaeology Ltd. 2013 WA Project No. 86440 ii Pennine Bridleway, Monks Road to High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report PENNINE BRIDLEWAY, MONK’S ROAD TO HIGH LANE, CHARLESWORTH, DERBYSHIRE Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report Contents Figures and Plates .............................................................................................. iv Summary ............................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. vi 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Background .....................................................................................1 1.2 The Site, Location and Geology ..................................................................1 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...............................2 2.1 Previous Archaeological Work .....................................................................2 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................3 3.1 Aims and Objectives ....................................................................................3 3.2 Construction Methodology ...........................................................................3 3.3 Scope of Works and Recording ...................................................................4 4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................5 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................5 4.2 Trench 1 ......................................................................................................5 4.3 Trench 2 ......................................................................................................6 4.4 Trenches 3 and 4.........................................................................................6 4.5 Survey .........................................................................................................7 5 FINDS ..................................................................................................................8 5.1 Summary .....................................................................................................8 6 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................8 6.1 Summary .....................................................................................................8 7 ARCHIVE .............................................................................................................9 7.1 Preparation ..................................................................................................9 7.2 Deposition....................................................................................................9 8 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................9 APPENDIX 1: ARCHIVE ............................................................................................11 APPENDIX 2: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...............................................................12 APPENDIX 3: ARTEFACTS BY CONTEXT ...............................................................13 APPENDIX 4: GAZETTEER OF SURVEYED FEATURES ........................................14 © Wessex Archaeology Ltd. 2013 WA Project No. 86440 iii Pennine Bridleway, Monks Road to High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report Figures and Plates Front Cover View from Monks Road over Simmondley Colliery towards Glossop Back Cover Location of Trench 2 from south east Figure 1 Site location Figure 2 Trench locations (Monks Road) Figure 3 Trench 1: Section across Roman road Figure 4 Trench 2: Section across Roman road Figure 5 Location of surveyed features (Simmondley Quarry) Figure 6 Hachured plans of surveyed features Plate 1 Cobblestone Roman road in Trench 1 (101) from south Plate 2 Part of Section across Roman road in Trench 1 from south Plate 3 Trench 2 pre-excavation. The Roman road was thought to occupy the ridge in the left of shot (east), but actually follows the ridge in the right of the shot (west). View from north Plate 4 Roman road (sand) in Trench 2 (202) from west Plate 5 Section across Roman road in Trench 2 from north © Wessex Archaeology Ltd. 2013 WA Project No. 86440 iv Pennine Bridleway, Monks Road to High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report PENNINE BRIDLEWAY, MONK’S ROAD TO HIGH LANE, CHARLESWORTH, DERBYSHIRE Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report Summary Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Derbyshire County Council to undertake a programme of archaeological works prior to, and during, the installation of the Pennine Bridleway between Monk’s Road and High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire (NGR 401755 393133 to 402330 391300). The archaeological works were undertaken in line with Written Schemes of Investigation (WSI’s) produced by Wessex Archaeology (2012a and 2012b), and approved by the Peak District National Park Authority. This report presents a brief description of the methodology followed, a description of the results and an interpretation of the findings. The Roman road from Buxton to Glossop was seen in two sections east of Monks Road, northeast of Higher Plainstead Farm. At the south end of the site, topsoil stripping for the site compound revealed a cobblestone track way. At the north end of the same field, trial trenching again located the road, although here it consisted of a compacted deposit of sand. In both instances the road was 4-5m wide, without ditches on either side. No other archaeological structures, features or deposits were observed. The survey of Simmondley Colliery revealed 7 potential features, although some of these may be natural sinkholes. A single celled building was also revealed, and probably relates to a mine worker’s hut or for shepherding in the 18th-19th century. The archive from the watching brief will be deposited with Buxton Museum and Art Gallery under the museum accession code DERSB 2012.30. © Wessex Archaeology Ltd. 2013 WA Project No. 86440 v Pennine Bridleway, Monks Road to High Lane, Charlesworth, Derbyshire Archaeological Landscape Survey, Evaluation and Watching Brief Report PENNINE BRIDLEWAY, MONK’S ROAD TO HIGH LANE,