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U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress
U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Shirley A. Kan Specialist in Asian Security Affairs October 27, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32496 U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Summary This CRS Report, updated through the 113th Congress, discusses policy issues regarding military- to-military (mil-to-mil) contacts with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and records major contacts and crises since 1993. The United States suspended military contacts with China and imposed sanctions on arms sales in response to the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989. In 1993, President Clinton reengaged with the top PRC leadership, including China’s military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Renewed military exchanges with the PLA have not regained the closeness reached in the 1980s, when U.S.-PRC strategic alignment against the Soviet Union included U.S. arms sales to China. Improvements and deteriorations in overall bilateral engagement have affected military contacts, which were close in 1997-1998 and 2000, but marred by the 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait crisis, mistaken NATO bombing of a PRC embassy in 1999, the EP-3 aircraft collision crisis in 2001, and the PLA’s aggressive maritime and air confrontations. Issues for Congress include whether the Administration complies with legislation overseeing dealings with the PLA and pursues contacts with the PLA that advance a prioritized set of U.S. security interests, especially the operational safety of U.S. military personnel. Oversight legislation includes the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY1990-FY1991 (P.L. 101-246) and National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2000 (P.L. -
SARS, the Ming 361 Accident, and Chinese Party-Army Relations
Mulvenon, China Leadership Monitor, No.8 The Crucible of Tragedy: SARS, the Ming 361 Accident, and Chinese Party-Army Relations James Mulvenon The recent loss of Ming-class submarine Number 361 with all hands aboard and the role of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) medical system in the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cover-up threaten to further strain a Chinese party-army dynamic that was already undermined by the incomplete leadership transition of the 16th Party Congress. Yet, the evidence also suggests that Hu Jintao, despite the potential opening offered by the governance crisis over SARS, appears unwilling or unable to directly challenge Jiang Zemin’s leadership at this point in time, portending more months of jockeying and ambiguity in the political arena and an unclear chain of command in the military realm. Introduction The last 12 months have proven to be highly turbulent for party-army relations. Previous submissions to China Leadership Monitor have detailed the incomplete leadership transition at the 16th Party Congress in late 20021 and the cryptic “two centers” debate at the National People’s Congress (NPC) in March 2003.2 Shortly after the close of the NPC, the world began to learn about the spread of the SARS epidemic in China, the full extent of which was finally exposed by a military doctor in Beijing. Just as the military became embroiled in the ensuing internal debate about government transparency, the leadership was confronted with the choice of whether to reveal the details of an accident involving a Ming-class submarine that resulted in the deaths of all 70 members of the crew. -
Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutes, and Ideas After the 16Th Party Congress
CIVIL-MILITARY CHANGE IN CHINA: ELITES, INSTITUTES, AND IDEAS AFTER THE 16TH PARTY CONGRESS Edited by Andrew Scobell Larry Wortzel September 2004 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Offi ce by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or by e-mail at [email protected] ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http:// www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-165-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword Ambassador James R. Lilley............................................................................ v 1. Introduction Andrew Scobell and Larry Wortzel................................................................. 1 2. Party-Army Relations Since the 16th Party Congress: The Battle of the “Two Centers”? James C. -
Xi Jinping's Inner Circle (Part 2: Friends from Xi's Formative Years)
Xi Jinping’s Inner Circle (Part 2: Friends from Xi’s Formative Years) Cheng Li The dominance of Jiang Zemin’s political allies in the current Politburo Standing Committee has enabled Xi Jinping, who is a protégé of Jiang, to pursue an ambitious reform agenda during his first term. The effectiveness of Xi’s policies and the political legacy of his leadership, however, will depend significantly on the political positioning of Xi’s own protégés, both now and during his second term. The second article in this series examines Xi’s longtime friends—the political confidants Xi met during his formative years, and to whom he has remained close over the past several decades. For Xi, these friends are more trustworthy than political allies whose bonds with Xi were built primarily on shared factional association. Some of these confidants will likely play crucial roles in helping Xi handle the daunting challenges of the future (and may already be helping him now). An analysis of Xi’s most trusted associates will not only identify some of the rising stars in the next round of leadership turnover in China, but will also help characterize the political orientation and worldview of the influential figures in Xi’s most trusted inner circle. “Who are our enemies? Who are our friends?” In the early years of the Chinese Communist movement, Mao Zedong considered this “a question of first importance for the revolution.” 1 This question may be even more consequential today, for Xi Jinping, China’s new top leader, than at any other time in the past three decades. -
Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutes, and Ideas After the 16Th Party Congress
CIVIL-MILITARY CHANGE IN CHINA: ELITES, INSTITUTES, AND IDEAS AFTER THE 16TH PARTY CONGRESS Edited by Andrew Scobell Larry Wortzel September 2004 Visit our website for other free publication downloads Strategic Studies Institute Home To rate this publication click here. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or by e-mail at [email protected] ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http:// www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-165-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword Ambassador James R. Lilley ............................................................................ v 1. Introduction Andrew Scobell and Larry Wortzel ................................................................ -
Modernizing China's Military
CHILD POLICY This PDF document was made available CIVIL JUSTICE from www.rand.org as a public service of EDUCATION the RAND Corporation. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Jump down to document6 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit POPULATION AND AGING research organization providing PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY objective analysis and effective SUBSTANCE ABUSE solutions that address the challenges TERRORISM AND facing the public and private sectors HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND around the world. INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Modernizing China’s Military Opportunities and Constraints Keith Crane • Roger Cliff • Evan Medeiros James Mulvenon • William Overholt Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Hq. -
The Bo Xilai Affair and the PLA
The Bo Xilai Affair and the PLA James Mulvenon On 15 March 2012, Chongqing Municipality leader, princeling, and aspiring national elite Bo Xilai was stripped of his party posts, following the dramatic flight of his former deputy police chief Wang Lijun to the U.S. consulate in Chengdu and revelations about the possible involvement of Bo’s wife in the murder of a British businessman. In the wake of his purge, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Falungong-controlled media were rife with rumors about Bo’s relationships with senior military officers and even a possible coup attempt in Beijing. This article examines Bo’s ties with the PLA through his career, assesses the validity of various claims about the fallout in the military from his purge, and speculates about any possible implications for party-military relations. Introduction On 15 March 2012, Chongqing Municipality leader, princeling, and aspiring national elite Bo Xilai was stripped of his party posts, following the dramatic flight of his former deputy police chief Wang Lijun to the U.S. consulate in Chengdu and revelations about the possible involvement of Bo’s wife in the murder of a British businessman. In the wake of his purge, Hong Kong and Taiwan media were rife with rumors about Bo’s relationships with senior military officers and even a possible coup attempt in Beijing. This article examines Bo’s ties with the PLA through his career, assesses the validity of various claims about the fallout in the military from his purge, and speculates about any possible implications for party-military relations. -
Visit Our Website for Other Free Publication Downloads
CHINESE NATIONAL SECURITY DECISIONMAKING UNDER STRESS Edited by Andrew Scobell Larry M. Wortzel September 2005 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE SEP 2005 - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Chinese National Security Decisionmaking Under Stress 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Army War College,Strategic Studies Institute,122 Forbes REPORT NUMBER Avenue,Carlisle,PA,17013-5244 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. -
Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Outbreak
Workshop Summary Stacey Knobler, Adel Mahmoud, Stanley Lemon, Alison Mack, Laura Sivitz, and Katherine Oberholtzer, Editors Forum on Microbial Threats Board on Global Health THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Food and Drug Administration; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; U.S. Department of Agricul- ture; American Society for Microbiology; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Pfizer; GlaxoSmithKline; and The Merck Company Foundation. The views presented in this report are those of the editors and attributed authors and are not necessarily those of the funding agencies. This report is based on the proceedings of a workshop that was sponsored by the Forum on Microbial Threats. It is prepared in the form of a workshop summary by and in the name of the editors, with the assistance of staff and consultants, as an individually authored document. Sections of the workshop summary not specifically attributed to an individual reflect the views of the editors and not those of the Forum on Microbial Threats. The content of those sections is based on the presentations and the discussions that took place during the workshop. -
ISW | People's Warfare Against COVID-19
DECEMBER 2020 ELSA KANIA AND IAN BURNS MCCASLIN PEOPLE’S WARFARE AGAINST COVID-19: TESTING CHINA’S MILITARY MEDICAL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION CAPABILITIES MILITARY LEARNING AND THE FUTURE OF WAR SERIES ELSA KANIA AND IAN BURNS MCCASLIN PEOPLE’S WARFARE AGAINST COVID-19: TESTING CHINA’S MILITARY MEDICAL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION CAPABILITIES MILITARY LEARNING AND THE FUTURE OF WAR SERIES Cover: HUAIBEI, CHINA - FEBRUARY 7, 2020: Retired soldiers disinfect a community in Huaibei in central China's Anhui Province on Friday, Feb. 7, 2020, in the national cam- paign against the coronavirus spread. PHOTOGRAPH BY Feature China / Barcroft Media. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing or from the publisher. ©2020 by the Institute for the Study of War. Published in 2020 in the United States of America by the Institute for the Study of War. 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 515 | Washington, DC 20036 understandingwar.org ABOUT THE AUTHOR Elsa B. Kania is a Non-Resident Fellow in Indo-Pacific Security with the Institute for the Study of War, where she is contributing to a new project on “Military Learning & The Future of War.” Ms. Kania is also an Adjunct Senior Fellow with the Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security and an Associate with the China Aerospace Studies Institute. She is currently a PhD candidate in Harvard University’s Department of Government. -
Chinese-German Journal of Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology Clinical of Journal Chinese-German Clinical Oncology Volume 11 • Number 6 • June 2012
Volume 11 • Number 6 • June 2012 10330 Chinese-German Journal of Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology Clinical Oncology Volume 11 • Number 6 • June 2012 Original Articles Chinese-German Analysis of cancer pain in hospitals in Beijing, China Shikai Wu, Fang Li, Pingping Li, Jian Luo, Xiaoming Wu, Heling Shi, Xiaohong Ning, Yufei Yang, Huangying Tan, Ping Yang, Guangqing Journal of Zhu, Jianhua Zhu, Guoqing Liao, Huoming Chen, Dapeng Lv, Ye Fang, Hong Dai, Xiaoming Xi, et al. 311 The diagnostic evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid and its clinical application Volume 11 • Number 6 • JuneVolume 11 2012 Jiayu Zhang, Jian Wang 317 Narcoanalysis of pneumonorestion with video-assisted thoracic surgery during one-lung ventilation Clinical Oncology Lairong Sun, Lianbing Gu 320 Survivin ASODN targeted therapy in XWLC-05 cell transplanted nude mice EMBASE收录期刊 Weiwei Wang, Shaojia Wang, Gaofeng Li, Lei Li, Ruibing Cheng 324 Index Copernicus收录期刊 Palliative chemotherapy followed by consolidation radiotherapy in patients with advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung SpringerLink收录期刊 cancer not suitable for radical treatment 中国科技论文统计源期刊 Hany Eldeeb, Philip Camileri, Choi Mak 327 (中国科技核心期刊) pp 311–372 Expression of proto-oncogene Fra-1 in human neoplastic breast tissues 中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊 Yuhua Song, Jing Wang, Xiaoyun Yu, Santai Song, Zefei Jiang 332 万方数据-数字化期刊群收录期刊 中国期刊方阵双效期刊 中国抗癌协会系列期刊 CSCO团体会员期刊 ISSN 1610-1979 (Paper) 1613-9089 (Online) CN 42-1654/R Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology June 2012 Volume 11 Number 6 Contents Original Articles Analysis of cancer pain in hospitals in Beijing, China Shikai Wu, Fang Li, Pingping Li, Jian Luo, Xiaoming Wu, Heling Shi, Xiaohong Ning, Yufei Yang, Huangying Tan, Ping Yang, Guangqing Zhu, Jianhua Zhu, Guoqing Liao, Huoming Chen, Dapeng Lv, Ye Fang, Hong Dai, Xiaoming Xi, et al. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement January 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 57 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 68 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 74 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 81 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 85 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 January 2008 The Main National Leadership of