U.S. Army Heritage & Education Center Refugees 950 Soldiers
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U.S. Army Heritage & Education Center Refugees 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 31 Oct 2013 REFUGEES/DISPLACED PERSONS & U.S. MILITARY A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources CONTENTS General Sources…...p.1 Pre 20th Century…..p.2 -Russians, 1922-23…..p.2 WWI…..p.2 WWII…..p.3 Post WWII Europe: -General Sources.....p.4 -Specific Place/Time.....p.5 -Policy/Procedure.....p.6 -Other Special Aspects.....p.7 Since 1945: -Korea.….p.7 -Indochina/Vietnam.....p.8 -SE Asians, 1970s…..p.8 -Cubans, 1980…..p.9 -Haitians, 1991.....p.10 -Others, 1980s-90s.....p.10 GENERAL SOURCES Bon Tempo, Carl J. Americans at the Gate: The United States and Refugees during the Cold War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton, 2008. 264 p. JV6601.B66. Kershner, Howard E. Quaker Service in Modern War. NY: Prentice-Hall, 1950. 195 p. DP269.8R.K47. Papastavrou, Sophia. “Refugee Women, Violence, and War: A Return to Transnational Feminist Praxis.” Minerva: Journal of Women and War (Fall 2010): pp. 6-25. Per. Schoppa, R. Keith. In a Sea of Bitterness: Refugees during the Sino-Japanese War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2011. 346 p. DS777.533.R45.S36. Refugees p.2 PRE 20TH CENTURY Cotten, Lyman A. "Handling Refugees. " United States Naval Institute Proceedings (Mar 1917): pp. 472-82. Per. Naval experience at Vera Cruz, 1914. Dawsey, Cyrus B., & James M., editors. The Confederados: Old South Immigrants in Brazil. Tuscaloosa, AL: U AL, 1995. 273 p. F2659.A5.C66. Sternhell, Yael A. Routes of War: The World of Movement in the Confederate South. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2012. 260 p. E468.9.S84. See also: -Bibliographies on Civil Affairs/Military Government; Freedmen's Bureau section of Reconstruction; and Confederate Exiles in Civil War. RUSSIANS, 1922-23 Russian Admiral I.K. Stark and 7,000 émigrés departed Vladivostok in the summer of 1922 for Shanghai. From there, with 800-some refugees, he reached Manila in Jan 1923. Pres. Harding approved transport of 500-some émigrés to the U.S. aboard the transport Merritt, which sailed from Manila to Nagasaki, then Hawaii, and finally reached San Francisco on 3 July 1923. See: Ankley, William J. "An Unaccountable Accounting." United States Naval Institute Proceedings (Historical Supplement 1985): pp. 38-44. Per. U.S. Navy's role in evacuation of counterrevolutionary Russians. New York Times, 1923. Per. WORLD WAR I “The Children.” Military Surgeon (Nov 1920): pp. 539-48. Per. Work with refugee children. Refugees p.3 Lambert, Robert A. “Post-War Medical Conditions among Armenian Refugees in Southern Turkey and Syria.” Military Surgeon (Sep 1921): pp. 314-22; (Aug 1921): pp. 188-201. Per. Scott, M. deB. “Lille Released.” Royal Army Service Corps Quarterly (Oct 1920): pp. 261-71. Per. Feeding civilians. Üngör, Uğur Ümit. “Orphans, Converts and Prostitutes: Social Consequences of War and Persecution in the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1923.” War in History Vol. 19, No. 2 (1912): pp. 173-92. Per. See also: -Sections on German occupation of Belgium and France in World War I-Western Front-Battles of the Frontiers. WORLD WAR II Diamond, Hanna. Fleeing Hitler: France 1940. NY: Oxford, 2007. 255 p. D809.F7.D53. Dombrowski, Nichole A. “Beyond the Battlefield: The French Civilian Exodus of May-June 1940.” PhD dss, NYU, 1995. 530 p. D809.F8.D65. _____. “Surviving the German Invasion of France: Women’s Stories of the Exodus of 1940.” In Women and War in the Twentieth Century: :Enlisted With or Without Consent. NY: Garland, 1999. pp. 116-35. D810.W7.W663. Kapronczay, Karoly. Refugees in Hungary: Shelter From Storm During World War II. [Translated by Eva Barcza-Bessenny] Buffalo, NY: Matthias Corvinus, 1999. 248 p. DG955.K33. Tillman, Erland A. "Control of Civilians, Refugees, and Displaced Persons." Military Review (Nov 1952): pp. 43-55. Per. Toppe, Alfred, et al. "Refugee Control." USAREUR Foreign Mil Study, Dec 1951. 56 p. D739.F6713noP-099. See also: Bibliographies in France-WWII. Refugees p.4 POST-WORLD WAR II EUROPE Non-German DP's were initially a military responsibility, but were turned over as rapidly as possible to appropriate civilian agencies, viz, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency (UNRRA) and the International Refugee Organization (IRO). During combat operations, Allied military forces managed DPs through the Displaced Persons Branch, G-5 Sec, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). Once military governments had been established in the assigned zones of occupation, a Combined Displaced Persons Executive (CDPX) coordinated the repatriation process among the respective military governors. Within the American zone, initial responsibility for displaced persons resided in two competing headquarters: U.S. Group, Control Council for Germany, headed by General Lucius D. Clay, and G-5 of U.S. Forces, European Theater (USFET). By Oct 1945, Clay's headquarters had asserted its primacy and became the Office of Military Government of the United States for Germany (OMGUS). See: POST-WW2 EUROPE-General Sources Cohen, Gerard D. In War’s Wake: Europe’s Displaced Persons in the Postwar Order. NY: Oxford, 2012. 237 p. D809.E85.C65. Donnison, F. S. V. Civil Affairs and Military Government, North-West Europe, 1944-1946. London: HMSO, 1961. Chap XIX. D802.A2.D65. Frederiksen, Oliver J. The American Military Occupation of Germany, 1945-1953. Karlsruhe, Germany: Hist Div, HQ, US Army, Europe, 1953. pp. 72-80. D802.G3.F68. The Army Almanac (1950), pp. 758-59. UA25.A96. MacEachern, George. "Control of Refugees in Combat." AWC student paper, 1954. 33 p. Arch. Miksche, F. O. "The Refugee Problem." Military Review (Oct 1951): pp. 27-36. Per. "The Problem of Civilian Refugees in a European War." Military Review (Nov 1953): pp. 87-88, & (Feb 1953): pp. 82-84. Per. Digested from Royal United Service Institute Journal (RUSI), Aug 1952. Proudfoot, Malcolm J. European Refugees: 1939-52: A Study in Forced Population Movement. Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 1956. 542 p. D809.E85.P76. Shephard, Ben. The Long Road Home: The Aftermath of the Second World War. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. 489 p. D808.S54. Refugees p.5 United Nations. UNRRA Displaced Persons Operations in Europe and the Middle East. London, 1946. 69 p. D825U572. U.S. European Command. Office, Chief Historian. "Displaced Persons." Typescript monograph in Occupation Forces in Europe Series, 1945-46. Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, 1947. 132 p. D802.A1-1945-46-D57. See especially pp. 33-41. U.S. Office of Military Government, Germany. Displaced Persons. Pamphlet, 1947. 10 p. D802.G3.D56. U.S. War Dept. Gen Staff, G-2. "The Displaced Persons Problem in Germany and Austria." Intell Rev (No. 43, 5 Dec 46): pp. 32-38. UB250.R484. _____."The Problem of Displaced Persons in Europe." Intell Rev (No. 10, 18 Apr 1946): pp. 27-33. UB250.R484. Wyman, Mark. DP: Europe's Displaced Persons, 1945-1951. Phila: Balch, 1989. 257 p. D808.W95. Includes index of DP camps. Zink, Harold. The United States in Germany, 1944-1955. NY: Van Nostrand, 1957. pp. 26-31. D802.G3.Z55. POST-WW2 EUROPE-Specific Place/Time Allied Forces. 12th Army Group. G-5 Sec. Report of Operations (Final After Action Report). Vol. VII. Wiesbaden, Germany: 1945. pp. 69-87 and Appendix 6. #02-12.1945v7. Burianek, Otto R. "From Liberator to Guardian: The U.S. Army and Displaced Persons in Munich, 1945." PhD dss, Emory, 1992. 553 p. D809.G3.B87. Chase, Francis S. "Reorganization of Tactical Forces, VE-Day to 1 Jan 1949." Karlsruhe, Germany: EUCOM Historical Division, 1950. pp. 12-13. D802.A1.R43. Frank, Matthew J. Expelling the Germans: British Opinion and Post-1945 Population Transfer in Context. NY: Oxford, 2007. 320 p. D820.P72.G452. Heymont, Irving. After the Deluge: The Landsberg DP Camp, 1945. McLean, VA: General Research Corp, Jul 1981. 195 p. D809.G3.H49. Diary of camp commander, 19 Sep-7 Dec 1945. Hilton, Laura J. “Prisoners of Peace: Rebuilding Community, Identity and Nationality in Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1962.” PhD dss, OH State, 2001. 517 p. D802.G3.H55. Refugees p.6 Hulme, Kathryn. The Wild Place. Boston: Little, Brown, 1953. 275 p. D809.G3.H84. UNRRA at Wildflecken, Germany, DP camp. Moore, Bob. Survivors: Jewish Self-help and Rescue in Nazi-Occupied Western Europe. NY: Oxford, 2010. 512 p. D804.6.M66. Straten, James G. Van, & Kaufman, Lynn W. "Lessons from Team SNAFU." Military Review (May 1987): pp. 54-63. Per. Stop-gap use of stragglers as troops, which failed to work well in Battle of Bulge, Dec 1944. United Nations. Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Displaced Persons Operations: Report of Central Headquarters for Germany, April 1946. Wash, DC: UNRRA, 1946. 148 p. D809.G3.U55. Covers only Apr. U. S. Army. Fifteenth Army. History of the Fifteenth United States Army, 21 August 1944 to 11 July 1945. Germany, 1946. pp. 80- 88. # 03-15.1946/2. U.S. Office of Military Government for Germany. Monthly Reports of the Military Governor. D802.G3.A32. See No 11, p. 26; No 24, pp. 39-40; No 36, pp 13-14, and No 48, pp. 14-15. Vida, George. From Doom to Dawn: A Jewish Chaplain's Story of Displaced Persons. NY: David, 1967. 146 p. DS135.G33.V52. POST-WW2 EUROPE-Policy/Procedure Allied Forces. Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force. Handbook Governing Policy and Procedure for the Military Occupation of Germany, Dec 1944. Paras 381-396. D802.G3.H36. Brett, F. A. "The Blue Legion." Army Information Digest (Nov 1948): pp. 37-41. Per. Auxiliary labor units created from volunteer DP's. Pogue, Forrest C. The Supreme Command. Wash, DC: OCMH, 1954. pp. 534-37. D769.A533v3pt4. Salter, Michael. U.S. Intelligence, the Holocaust and the Nuremberg Trials: Seeking Accountability for Genocide and Cultural Plunder.