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History and Culture of Karnataka (From Early Times to 1336)

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History and Culture of Karnataka (From Early Times to 1336) History and Culture of Karnataka (From Early Times to 1336) Programme ಕಾರ್ಯ响ರ ಮ BA Subject 풿ಷರ್ History and Archaeology Semester �ಕ್ಷ貾ವ鲿 V University 풿ಶ್ವ 풿ದ್ಯಾ ಲರ್ Karnatak University, Dharwad Session ಅವ鲿 8 Title : Geographical Features of Karnataka Sub Title: Coastal Region, Sahyadri Mountains /Western Ghats Learning Objectives To enable the students to understand the Geographical features of Karnataka Session Out Comes Students will understand the coastal and Mountain regions of Karnataka Recap In previous session we have studied about Introduction, Classification- Importance of Geographical features Geographical Classification Coastal region Coastal Region-Introduction • The region between Arabian Sea & sahyadri Mountains(Western Ghats) is known as Coastal region. In Kannada it called as Karavali • By the side of Sahyadri slopes it spreads 300 miles. • It is 8 to 20 miles wide in North. • 30 to 40 mile broad in the South. • Annual rainfall is 100 inches 250 cms. • It includes Uttar Kannada(Karwar), Udapi & Dakshina Kannada (Mangalore) Districts. Coastal Region…… • Rivers : The rivers Sharavati, Tadri, Bedti. rising form the Western Ghats. • The rivers deposits alluvial soil. • The river valleys of this region is densely populated. • Level land is limited. • Agriculture is restricted, Paddy and coconut are grown, fishing was another important occupation of the people. Coastal Region…… • Important sea ports of the region. • In North Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal. • In South Mangalore, Malpe & Netravati river delta. • The sea ports provided anchoring to ships these were the doorways to the foreign trade. • Karnataka had commercial contact with abroad since Greco-Roman Civilization to the British. • Sea ports of Coastal region maintained cultural contacts with Egypt, Africa, Portuguese, Dutch, French, & British. Coastal Region…… • Religious centers of the region: Udupi, Gokarna, Idugunji, Murdeswara, • This region is known for scenic beauty, • Village of tall coconut trees, beautiful beaches Karwar beach, Om beach ( Gokarna) Full Moon Beach, Half Moon Beach (Kumta) Murdeshwar Beach, Someshwar Beach, etc. • Ford Aptly remarks “ Nothing more beautiful is seen any where in Europe and Asia than the cost of Kanara” • Coastal Region…… • Historical influence: • This region was served as the headquarters of Palegaras. • The Hindu & Jaina architectural remains found at Karkala, Gerusoppa, Nagarabatikere. • In medieval period this region was influenced by Bahmani’s Vijayanagara Empire. • In modern it was occupied by the Portuguese, British, Shyahadri Mountain Ranges/ Western Ghats Shyahadri Mountain Ranges/ Western Ghats • Shyahadri Mountain Ranges extended from north to south in west up to the Nilgeri hills. • These mountain rises 2000 to 3000 feet & in some region it rises above 6000 feet above sea level. • Bababudan hill also called Dronaparvata its peak Mullayyangiri is 6151 feet high. • Kudaremukha is 6207 feet high, • Agumbeghat between Chikkamagalur & Manglore. Shyahadri Mountain Ranges/ Western Ghats……. • Ghats like Kolluru, Charmudi, Shiradi are part of Western Ghat section. • The districts of Shimoga, Chickamagalur, Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi & Hassan • Kali, Tungabhadra, Aghanashi, Sharavati, Netravati are the main rivers. • Paddy, coconut, Arecanut, cashewnut, cloves, pepper, cardamom, tea, coffee are the commercial crops grown here. Shyahadri Mountain Ranges/ Western Ghats……. • Shringeri, Horanadu, Sirsi, Dandeli, Ambikanagar, Kemmanagundi, yaana, Jog falls are tourists attractive centers. • Teak wood Sandal wood grown in the southern part of this region. • The region is rich in Minerals Manganese, Iron ore deposits. • The Bamboo is evidence for the development of Paper mills at Dandeli & Bhadravati. • Jog is famous for production of hydro-power. Kaiga near Karwar has Nuclear Power Plant Shyahadri Mountain Ranges/ Western Ghats……. • The region is watered by river Tungabharda in North, Kaveri in South,Pennar & Ponnayar in south east. • These river valleys evidence for historical development Halsi, Banvasi, Belur, Halebid, Talakad were the headquarters of different dynasties. • These Ghats are the natural barriers & protected the people from enemies. MCQ’s 1. Name the districts of Costal region. 2. Mention the important ports of Karnataka? 3. Mention the famous Mountain Ranges? 4. Where is the Nuclear Power Plant in Karnataka? 5. Name the important rivers of Sahyadri montains? Answers 1. Uttar Kannada(Karwar), Udapi & Dakshina Kannada (Mangalore) Districts 2. Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal. Mangalore, Malpe 3. Bababudangiri Mullayangiri Agumbe Ghat. 1. Kaiga Karwar. 2. Tungabhadra, Kaveri, Pennar & Ponnayar References • Phalaksha : History of Karnataka • 蒾. ಬಸವ삾ಜ ಅಕ್ಕಿ : 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ಇ邿ಸ ಮತ್ತು ಸಿ ೃ邿 • ¥Á¯ÁPÀë : 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ಇ邿ಸ • ²ªÀgÀÄzÀæ¸Áé«Ä: 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ¥ËæqsÀ ಇ邿ಸ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw .
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