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STAAR® Grade 8 Science Admin. May 2018 Released STAAR® State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness GRADE 8 Science Administered May 2018 RELEASED Copyright © 2018, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibited without express written permission from the Texas Education Agency. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STAAR GRADE 8 SCIENCE STAAR State of Texas REFERENCE MATERIALS Assessments of Academic Readiness FORMULAS mass Density = volume total distance Average speed = total time Net force = (mass)(acceleration) Work = (force)(distance) 1 18 1A 8A 1 Atomic number 14 2 1 H He 2 Symbol 13 14 15 16 17 1.008 Si 4.0026 Hydrogen 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Atomic mass 28.085 Helium 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Silicon Name 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.94 9.0122 10.81 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180 Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 3 4 5 6 7 22.990 24.305 8 9 10 11 12 26.982 28.085 30.974 32.06 35.45 39.948 Sodium Magnesium 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.630 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.95 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.91 137.33 174.97 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 Cesium Barium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 7 Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og Francium Radium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Atomic masses are not listed for elements with no stable or common isotopes. 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Lanthanide Series La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Actinide Series Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No 232.04 231.04 238.03 Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Updated 2017 Source: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCIENCE Science Page 5 DIRECTIONS Read each question carefully. For a multiple-choice question, determine the best answer to the question from the four answer choices provided. For a griddable question, determine the best answer to the question. Then fill in the answer on your answer document. 1 A partial grassland food web is shown. Badgers Ground squirrels Upland Prairie sandpipers chickens Ants Beetles Grasshoppers Karner blue butterflies Lupines Grasses Which of the following best describes a relationship in this grassland? A Badgers are top predators because they eat upland sandpipers and beetles. B A producer–consumer relationship exists between lupines and ants. C A predator–prey relationship exists between beetles and ground squirrels. D Upland sandpipers are primary and secondary consumers because they eat grasses and grasshoppers. Science Page 6 2 Which statement about stars is correct? F Star formation begins in a nebula. G White dwarfs become main-sequence stars when they gain mass. H Supergiants are stars that can absorb black holes. J Main-sequence stars are formed by comets. 3 For a laboratory investigation some students put a strip of shiny metal into a beaker of blue solution and then stored the beaker on a shelf overnight. The next morning, the students recorded observations about the metal and the solution in the box below. mL 50 mL 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 Students’ Observations • The solution is lighter in color. • The volume of solution is the same. • The metal strip is shiny above the surface of the solution. • The metal strip is not shiny below the surface of the solution. • The metal strip below the surface of the solution has a dark coat of flaky material. • When the metal strip is touched, the flaky material falls off. Based on their observations, can the students correctly conclude that a chemical reaction occurred? A No, because the metal strip was still visible B Yes, because a new material of a different color formed on part of the metal strip C No, because the solution stayed blue D Yes, because the volume of the blue solution stayed the same Science Page 7 4 Which statement describes the energy changes that occur when water in a tea kettle is heated on a stove that uses natural gas? F Some of the chemical energy in the natural gas transforms into thermal energy, which heats the water. Then some of the thermal energy changes into sound energy when the water forms steam and the steam leaves the kettle. G Some of the thermal energy in the natural gas transforms into sound energy when the water becomes hot. Then some of the sound energy changes into light energy when the kettle becomes warm. H Some of the electrical energy in the natural gas transforms into thermal energy, which causes the water to form steam. Then some of the thermal energy changes into sound energy and light energy when the steam leaves the kettle. J Some of the light energy in the natural gas transforms into chemical energy in the water. Then some of the chemical energy changes into kinetic energy when steam leaves the kettle and into sound energy when the water boils. Science Page 8 5 To fight a bacterial infection, a patient was given an antibiotic to take for 10 days. After the patient finished taking the antibiotics as directed, almost all the bacteria were killed. After another 10 days, the patient was sick again with the same type of infection. What most likely happened? A A few bacteria survived the antibiotics and stopped reproducing. B The patient’s high fever inactivated the antibiotic, allowing the surviving bacteria to grow rapidly. C The antibiotic slowed the life cycle of the bacteria. D Some of the bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic, and they reproduced. 6 A 1,100 kg car comes uniformly to a stop. If the vehicle is accelerating at 1.2 m/s2, which force is closest to the net force acting on the vehicle? F 9,600 N G 1,300 N H 900 N J 94 N Science Page 9 7 The beginning of autumn in North America is in September, but the beginning of autumn in South America is in March. The diagram shows the positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun on one day in September and one day in March. Why does autumn start in different months of the year in North America and South America? A Earth’s orbit around the sun is not a perfect circle. B North America has a larger landmass than South America. C The moon has a greater pull on South America than on North America. D Earth’s axis has a 23.5° tilt. Science Page 10 8 This drawing shows a human body system. What is the primary function of this body system? F The protection of vital organs from injury G The chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces H The transport of nutrients, water, and oxygen to body cells J The production of hormones that regulate growth and metabolism Science Page 11 9 The diagram of Situation 1 shows one person failing to move a refrigerator up a ramp, while the diagram of Situation 2 shows two people successfully pushing a refrigerator up a ramp. Work on Refrigerator Using Ramp 800 N 2,000 N 6.0 m Situation 1 Situation 2 What comparison can be made about the work done in the two situations? A In Situation 1, no work was done, while 12,000 J of work was done in Situation 2.
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